L2 ICT – UNIT 1 : The Online World
Revision Template
Subject
Online Services: Lesson 1
Communication websites
Real time information
E-Commerce
Government websites
Education
Notes Revision
Examples / Notes: Done
Email is an electronic communication. You can send it to
more than one person. Back in the days you would have to
hand write it and if you wanted to send it to more than one
person you would have to photocopy it or you would have to
put a carbon card behind it and ot would copy it onto it. BCC
stands for black carbon copy. Online conferencing = A
webcam and you can talk to each other through the computer
would you have to have a computer and a webcam and a
microphone. If you are having a meeting online with all the
staff you will all be around a table with a big webcam so the
people you are having a meeting with can see you all. Also
you will have a big microphone in the middle of the table.You
will also have a big projector screen so you can see the other
people you are having a meeting with.BLOG = social media
where people post stuff E.G. a video of them on holiday.
Time tables: You can check Time tables online the good thing
about it is if you are getting ready to go to college you can
check the time table to see if the train is coming late or if its on
time. If you are going to work on the train you might turn up to
the train station and the train might be coming 2 hours late
and then you will get late for work.
Internet banging: Internet banking is an online service and you
can access your bankout on it and you can transfer money to
other people instead of going all the way to the bank and
transfer it there. They produce a service for their customers.
Online Auction: You can sell and buy products. You can Bid
on a product and the highest bid gets the product or you can
buy the product straight away. If you sell a product on Ebay
you have to pay money to put your product on and once the
money has come through into your account paypal will take a
percentage out of your money and keep it. Retail sales: You
can do online shopping instead of travelling to the store. You
can get your delivery to your house or you can get it to the
store and pick it up. Publishing: You can buy books online on
your Ipad or kindel indtead of travelling to the shop or library
to get it. You can be in bed and buy the book online for £3 and
it willl be ready to read in about 20 seconds.
A goverment website is used for online voting or problems
you have it is all online based. On all different goverment
websites they let you access different things such as the
uengland goverment lets you access free movies on their
website. Also they provide you with a lot of information such
as if your are wanting to apply for your provisional license
they will tell you step by step how to order it.
You can be trained online by a business with the job you want
to do in the future. Also you can learn online E.G. home

Entertainment
Download services
Online Documents: Lesson 2
Compressions (.zip)
Online software for creation
Version control
Levels of access
Online Comms: Lesson 3
Netiquette
school is all online and you are learning whilst you are at
home.
PS4
Xbox
Television
Netflix
Amazon Prime
Now TV
YouTube
A download servic is when you download stuff like software,
music, films examples of some
Itunes
Netflix
Amazon
LOS
Examples / Notes:
You can compress all the folders so you make them smaller
and then you can Email them to anyone. E.G. if I want to send
500 folders to someone I wont be able to I will have to
compress them so they are smaller and then it will allow me
to Email them.
● Wordpress
● Constant contact builder
● Sitebuilder
● Gator builder
● Divi
● Weebly
● Adobe photoshop
● Adobe dreamweaver.
A component of software configuration management, version
control, also known as revision control or source control, is
the management of changes to documents, computer
programs, large web sites, and other collections of
information.
Part of an access control procedure for computer systems,
which allows a system administrator to set up a hierarchy of
users. Thus, the low level users can access only a limited set
of information, whereas the highest level users can access
the most sensitive data on the system. Also called access
rights.
Examples / Notes:
Netiquette is the terms and condition online you have to
respect the privacy and information.
Online communities Online groups talk about a certain thing for example if
someone likes cricket they will have a discussion about
cricket.

Virtual world A virtual world is a computer-based simulated enviroment s

which may be populated by many users who can create a
personal avatar but it is not real life, it is in a fake world.

Chat & chat rooms Chat rooms are where you can talk to people through a
computer screen. You will need a camera so they can see
you and a microphone so they can see you. You can be in
England and they could be in America and you could talk to
each other through the computer screen.

Social networking Snapchat, facebook, twitter instagram. These are all social
networks where you can communicate with your friends and
post things about your life.

Instant messaging ● Snapchat

● Facebook
● Twitter
● Instagram
● Whatsapp

VOIP – video conferencing Video confrencing is like a travelling you could have a
meeting and talkiung to different people or you could skype
thats a type of video confrencing.

Cloud computing Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer

system resources, especially data storage and computing
power, without direct active management by the user. The
term is generally used to describe data centers available to
many users over the Internet.
Ubiquitous computing Ubiquitous computing is a concept in software engineering
and computer science where computing is made to appear
anytime and everywhere. In contrast to desktop computing,
ubiquitous computing can occur using any device, in any
location, and in any format.

The Internet: Lesson 4 Examples / Notes:

Cloud computing Cloud computing is the on demand availability of computer
system resources, especially data storage and computing
power, without direct active managment by the user. Cloud
 computing is the on-demand availability of computer system
resources, especially data storage and computing power,
without direct active management by the user. The term is
generally used to describe data centers available to many
users over the Internet.

POP (Point of presence) You need to connect to your server by the point of present
you are connecting. A point of presence is an artificial
demarcation point or interface point between communicating
entities. A common example is an Internet point of presence,
the local access point that allows users to connect to the
Internet with their Internet service provider.

NAP (Network Access Point)

Short for network access point, a public network exchange
facility where Internet Service Providers (ISPs) can connect
with one another in peering arrangements. The NAPs are a
key component of the Internet backbone because the
connections within them determine how traffic is routed.All the
internet waires run under the roads and are in a big green box
and if something goes wrong with it the workers will have a
look in the green box on the streets before coming to you.
Client Server Architecture Client/server architecture is a computing model in which the
server hosts, delivers and manages most of the resources
and services to be consumed by the client. This type of
architecture has one or more client computers connected to a
central server over a network or internet connection.
Routers A router is a network device that data to computer networks.
A rouA router is a networking device that forwards data
packets between computer networks. Routers perform the
traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through
the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of
data packets.ter is used for you WFI box so internet can go
through it.
Network backbone A backbone is a part of computer network that interconnects
various pieces of network, providing a path for the exchange
of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A
backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same
building, in different buildings in a campus environment, or
over wide areas.
Internet connection types ● Dial-Up (Analog 56K).
● DSL. DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line.
● Cable. Cable provides an internet connection through
a cable modem and operates over cable TV lines.
Wireless. Wireless, or Wi-Fi, as the name suggests,
does not use telephone lines or cables to connect to
the internet.
● Satellite.
● Cellular.

Worldwide Web: Lesson 5 Examples / Notes:

Web servers A web server is server software, or hardware dedicated to
running said software, that can satisfy World Wide Web client
requests. A web server can, in general, contain one or more
 websites. A web server processes incoming network requests
over HTTP and several other related protocols
Website structure A website's structure refers to how the website is set up, i.e.
how the individual subpages are linked to one another. It is
particularly important that crawlers can find all subpages
quickly and easily when websites have a large number of
subpages.
Components of the URL A scheme. The scheme identifies the protocol to be used
to access the resource on the internet.
A host. The host name identifies the host that holds the
resource.

HTTP The hypertext transfer protocol is an application protocol

for distributed, collabrative, hypermedia information
systems.

HTML HTML is made up of tags. Most of them are in pairs. Pairs

mof tags are called HTML elements. The open tag is
written between triangular brackets. Most tags also have
a chosen tag, which is the same as an open tag includes
a forward slash e.g. <b>text>/b>.
Browsers

Search engines Companies pay money so that links come at the top of the
results. These are called sponsored links. The more the
company pays, the more likely it is to appear in searches
including keywords. Adverts are down the right-hand side and
are chosen based on thye search keywords.

Email: Lesson 6 Examples / Notes:

Sending an email – how it When the email is sent a message is routed from server to
works server via email the simple mail transfer protocol until it
makes its way to from the client to the email recipients email
server. Sending an email is just like sending a letter to a
friend.
Advantages of email The advantages of an email are that the person you are
wanting to send an email to could be in America and you can
be in england and they will recieve the email. Another
advantage is you dont have to pay to send an email whereas
if you ring them it will cost you.
Disadvantages of email Emotional responses. Some emails cause upset or anger.
Information overload. Too many people send too much
information.
Lacking the Personal Touch. Some things are best left
untyped.
Misunderstandings.
No Respite.
Pressure to Reply.
Spam.
Sucks up Your Time.
Email protocols A protocol allows different software and devices to
communicate so you can send an email on a computer and it
is received on a phone or tablet.
Imap is the email protocol used in forums/webmail/instant
messaging.
 The advantages of this system is that it can be accessed
anywhere where there is an internet.
It relies on the uptime of the host company/the device
manufacturing/ the search engine.
Differences between POP & An IMAP client synchronizes the e-mail on your computer with
IMAP the contents of your account on the e-mail server, while a
POP account simply downloads the inbox. ... Instead of
moving messages from the server to your computer, IMAP
synchronizes your computer with the e-mail server.

Data Exchange: Lesson 7 Examples / Notes:

Network structure

Transmission modes Fibre Optic - glass- instead of sending electric signal it sends
light - in binary- at speed of light in pulses- at the other end is
a receiver. The fibre optic is as thin as a hair. The cables
under the floor need to be careful as they are not coated in
metal, break easily.

Wireless - no wires.
Infrared - energy in the region of the electromagnetic radiation
spectrum. Can be seen, Out of the visible spectrum. Is shorter
than those of radio waves.
Infrared frequencies higher than those of microwaves.
Eg: car locking remotes, TV remote handset

Can be adversely affected by walls or obstructions.

Real time communication Real time communication is the near simultaneous

exchange of information over any type of
telecommunications service from the sender to the
receiver in a connection with negligible latency,
according to SearchUnified Communications. Examples
of real time communications include: Voice over
landlines and mobile phones.

CODEC
Meshing of 2 words - coder and decoder - encoded and
compressed for storage streams of data.
For videos you
Compress- and- decompress at the other end.
See diagram on google slides
Changes it from one format into another format so that it
can be used!

Methods of transmission
/cabling/wireless etc SEE ABOVE NOTES
Packet switching
Is a method of breaking data files in small packets or chunks
in order to send them across a network.
Works by broken up into small files and given an IP address
as to where to go, and to know who has sent it. They also
know how many packets have been sent. Puts back together
and ends the file.

Data transfer rates

Speed at which data is transmitted from one device to
another is the data rates

Microwave
A microwave link - in a communication system uses a beam
of radio waves in the microwave frequency in two fixed
locations.
Advantage : no cables required (between 2 buildings)
Multiple channels
Wide bandwidth

Disadvantages: Line-of sight such as obstacle, new building

Weather - atmosphere - lightning
Has to be on a tower - high up

Eg: Repeater - see Slide diagram

Satellite
Multiple receivers eg:
Multipole channels on one satellite
GPS
Sky

Atmosphere can affect it

Serial - only one chunk of information at once

and Parallel Transmission - lots of links that run alongside
each other ( fibre optic cables- so 50 pulses at same time)
bursts at the same time at the speed of light.

Client vs Server Working on word doc, saves on pc drive.

On an app, you are working on server.

Databases: Lesson 8 Examples / Notes:

Data storage methods Data storage saves your work in an electronic form.
Remote data storage (cloud) access it from anywhere.
Databases A databhase is a system where you can organise your
system and once it is done you can run reports on the
system updatted quickly and efficently.

Database structure – files, The database schema of a database is its structure

fields, records described in a formal language supported by the
database management system. The term "schema"
refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how
the database is constructed.

Online databases

DBMS

SQL

Threats to data: Lesson 9 Examples / Notes:

Cyber crimes

Malicious damage to data

Preventative technologies

Firewalls Firewalls sits between your computer and the intenet and it
stops people hacking into your computer.
Access control methods Controlling the access to share data and files.
Disaster recovery

Business continuity
Benefits and dangers of social
networking

Managing your E-Reputation

Online monitoring of
movements & communication

Current legislation : DPA

(1998), CMA (1990)