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Release 19.0
Force
Nonlinear
Displacement
11 © 2018 ANSYS, Inc.
Linear vs. Nonlinear Structural Analysis
• More accurate designs, required due to cost awareness and concerns for durability
and life, require more accurate analysis.
• The assumption of linearity gets in the way of accuracy and sometimes must be
thrown away to satisfy more rigorous analysis.
Temperature
results:
− At the start, develop an outline describing the goal and steps
required in the analysis.
F = 100 lbs
− Clearly state all assumptions.
− Draw free–body diagrams of the overall system and the
individual parts to be modeled.
− Estimate man–time, elapsed time, and computer resources
required to build, analyze, and post-process the model.
− List all information that will be required, such as geometry,
loads, constraints, and material properties.
Critical Base - Fully
Region Constrained
7 Lines 1 Line
FE Model Approximation
Geometry
Reflective Symmetry
Asymmetric Mesh
− Good stress results require a finer model than good displacement results.
High
Stress in
notch
Obtuse
(UY11 − UY13 )
ROTZ12 =
D11−13
Shell
Thickness
Embedded beam/shell
No fillet:
Fillet: Finite,
Singular
converged stresses
stresses
ZV =1 ZV =1
DIST=5.5 DIST=5.5
XF =5 XF =5
Z-BUFFER Z-BUFFER
-21604 19.684
Y -18920 Y 1464
-16237 2909
Z X Z X
-13554 4354
-10870 5799
-8187 7243
-5503 8688
-2820 10133
-136.47 11578
2547 13022
SY SXY
Symmetry AntiSymmetry
Constrain displacements normal to the Constrain displacements parallel to the
symmetry plane. symmetry plane.
Constrain rotations about axes parallel Constrain rotations about axis normal
to the symmetry plane. to the symmetry plane.
Note: Constraint in
wrong direction
5% ERROR
Cyclic symmetry
Planar symmetry
Continuous contours
Discontinuous contours
• What to do in these situations will be determined by what results you are interested
in.
• All loading in an axisymmetric analysis is based on the full 360 degree model.
− Example: To simulate the pull of the blades in a rotor model, one would apply a force equal to the
pull of one blade times the number of blades.
Non-axisymmetric
regions
• Note that this will produce a reasonable approximation of the in plane stiffness and density BUT
the region will have zero hoop carrying capability. This technique is useful for dovetail cutouts and
scallop regions but not as accurate for widely spaced bolt hole regions, since these regions will
carry some hoop.
84 © 2018 ANSYS, Inc.
Non-axisymmetric Features
• The second method of dealing with non-axisymmetric
regions is to model them using orthotropic material
properties and decrease the modulus differently in the 3
directions.
− This allows the region to maintain some hoop stiffness.
− To determine reasonable values to use, a plane stress model of the
region can be generated. Applying a known strain in each direction
and comparing the stress, one can determine reduced modulus values
for the region.
− Note: Similar results to the plane stress with thickness model can be
obtained by setting EZ equal to a very small number.
− This method must be used for axisymmetric harmonic analyses. A
mixture of plane stress and axisymmetric harmonic is not allowed.
Local
system Y
to rotate X
nodes Z
Y Z Global
System
Smax=25,918 Smax=48,300
Smin=-62,094 Smin=-67,389
− /ESHAPE,1
Selected surface with top highlighted Same selected surface when viewed from other side
116 © 2018 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Review Checklist
• Mesh checks:
− Beam orientations (Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Symbols)
− Element coordinate systems for orthotropic properties (Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Symbols)
− Directions of contact element normals (Contact Manager)
− Verify type of contact -bonded, no separation, MPC, etc. (Contact Manager)
− Non-Graphically
• Use Mesh Edit and Automatic Node Merge
to merge any coincident nodes that may
result from adjacent surfaces that are not
properly connected.
Proper definition
Negligible stresses
Improper definition – nodes
rotated subsequent to
constraint equation
definition
Non-negligible stresses
− Check total mass/center of mass of model (output window or file / Solution Information):
− In Solution Information:
Couple each
node pair in UY
Free edge