ANALYSIS OF TOOTHPASTE

SREE NARAYANA VIDYA MANDIR

SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
Talap, Kannur-670 002.

CHEMISTRY
LAB PROJECT REPORT

Certified that this project is the bonafide project report of

Mr/Ms….Aswin Shailajan....Of standard XII B with

Register Number………………………for the year 2019-2020.

Teacher-in-charge

Valued at the board examination

Examiners

1………………………………………….

2………………………………………….
Principal

Date……………………… Date………………………….

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks towards Mrs.Deepika

Jaidas, Principal of Sree Narayana Vidya Mandir Senior Secondary School, for
the guidance and encouragement provided throughout my course and at the time of
my project work.

I am extremely grateful to Ms. Suvarnavalli, Teacher, Department of Chemistry

for her sincere and timely help and co-operation during all the phases of my project
work.

Special mention has to be made of Ms. Smitha Srinivasan, Teacher,

Department of Chemistry for all her support and help rendered towards the
fulfillment of the project work.

I would also like to thank our lab assistant Mr. Sreekumar who was always
there at my beck and call, serving me in every best possible way. He made sure that
all the requirements of the project were fulfilled.

Finally, but not the least, I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my
family members for all the help they have given to me and also towards my friends for
their support in the successful completion of this project.

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INDEX
❖Objective/Aim
❖Introduction
➢ ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
➢ INACTIVE INGREDIENTS
❖Requirements
❖Principle
❖Procedure
❖Tests for different samples
❖Comparative table
❖Bibliography

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AIM
To analyse different brands of
toothpaste for the presence of
various ions in it.

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INTRODUCTION
There are a wide variety of toothpastes and related products
available today in the market for the maintenance of oral hygiene.
However, for a common man, differentiation on the basis of quality
is practically difficult due to the influence of fancy advertisements
and attractive offers.
Many toothpaste contains a mildly abrasive substance such as
calcium carbonate and a detergent or soap, some sweetening agent
other than sugar and flavoring oils to make it pleasant to taste and
smell. Some toothpastes contain fluorides which make the enamel
surface of the tooth more resistant to bacterial activity and act
against microorganisms as a metabolic poison. Generally, any
standard toothpaste contains calcium carbonate, sodium monofluoro
phosphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, zinc sulphate, alum and some
flavoring oils. Any how the quality of any product is of crucial
importance. This project basically deals with the detection of various
ions in toothpaste that determine its quality. This enables us to make
a comparison between the prominent toothpaste brands.
The ingredients present in toothpaste are mainly of two types.
They are:

❖ MOST COMMON ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

• Fluorides
• Antibacterial agents
• Flavourings
• Surfactants
• Miscellaneous components

❖ INACTIVE INGREDIENTS
• Abrasive
• Detergent
• Preservatives

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ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
FLOURIDES
Flouride in various forms is the most popular active ingredient in
toothpaste to prevent cavities. Fluoride occurs in small amounts in
plants, animals, and some natural water sources. The additional
fluoride in toothpaste has beneficial effects on the formation of
dental enamel and bones. Sodium fluoride (NaF) is the most
common source of fluoride, but stannous fluoride (SnF2), olaflur (an
organic salt of fluoride), and sodium
monofluorophosphate(Na2PO3F) are also used. Stannous fluoride has
been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in reducing
the incidence of dental caries and controlling gingivitis, but causes
somewhat more surface stains.

ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS:
Triclosan, an antibacterial agent, is a common ingredient in
toothpaste Triclosan or zinc chloride prevents gingivitis and,
according to the American Dental Association, helps reduce tartar
and bad breath. A 2006 review of clinical research concluded that
there was evidence for the effectiveness of 0.30% triclosan in
reducing plague and gingivitis.

FLAVORANTS:
Toothpaste comes in a variety of colors and flavors, intended to
encourage use of the product. The three most common flavourants
are peppermint, spearmint and wintergreen. Toothpaste flavoured
with peppermint-anise oil is popular in the Mediterranean region.
These flavors are provided by the respective oils, e.g. peppermint oil.
More exotic flavors include Anethole anise, apricot, bubblegum,
cinnamon, fennel, lavender, neem, ginger, vanilla, lemon, orange,
and pine. Alternatively, unflavored toothpastes exist.

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SURFACTANTS:
Many, although not all, toothpastes contain Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
(SLS) or related surfactants (detergents). SLS is found in many other
personal care products as well, such as shampoo, and is mainly a
foaming agent, which enables uniform distribution of toothpaste,
improving its cleansing power.

MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENTS;
Humectants are added to suppress the tendency of toothpaste to dry
into a powder. Included are various sugar alcohols, such as glycerol
sorbitol or xylitol, or related derivatives, such as 1, 2-propylene
glycol and polyethylene glycol. Strontium chloride or potassium
nitrate is included in some toothpastes to reduce sensitivity. Sodium
polyphosphate is added to minimize the formation of tartar.

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INACTIVE INGREDIENTS

ABRASIVE:
Abrasives constitute at least 50% of typical toothpaste. These
insoluble particles help remove plaque from the teeth. The removal
of plaque and calculus helps to minimize cavities and periodontal
disease. Representative abrasives include particles of aluminum
hydroxide (Al(OH)3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), various calcium
hydrogen phosphates, various silicates and zeolites, and
hydroxyapatite.

DETERGENTS:
It is important to have detergent in toothpaste because they help to
produce foam when we brush our teeth. Many, but not all,
toothpastes contain sodium lauryl sulfate.

PRESERVATIVES:
They are included to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the
toothpaste. Commonly used preservatives are sodium benzoate,
methyl paraben and ethyl paraben.

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REQUIREMENTS

Toothpaste(s):
Colgate, Lever Ayush, K. P. Namboodiris.

Chemicals Required:
Hydrochloric acid
Dilute & Conc. Sulphuric acid
Barium chloride solution
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium carbonate solution
Acetic acid
Conc. Nitric acid
Silver nitrate solution
Calcium chloride solution
Potassium Ferrocyanide solution.

Test tubes, Beakers, Flasks, Bunsen flame, spatula etc.

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PRINCIPLE:
Qualitative analysis of toothpaste is carried
out to identify the various ions present in
it.

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PROCEDURE
The following toothpastes are analyzed for the presence
of various ions:
• Paste 1: Colgate

• Paste 2: Lever Ayush

• Paste 3: K.P.Namboodiris

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PASTE 1: Colgate
ANALYSIS OF ANION
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To a little of paste White ppt is not Absence of chloride
solution silver nitrate formed
solution is added.
To a little of paste White ppt is formed Presence of fluoride
solution calcium chloride
solution is added.
To a little of paste, Potassium Presence of oxalate
sulphuric acid & permanganate is
potassium permanganate decolorized
solution are added.
To a little paste solution, No brown ring is Absence of nitrate
equal amount of freshly formed
prepared ferrous sulphate
is added followed by conc.
sulphuric acid along the
sides.
To a little of the paste sol, No scanty yellow ppt Absence of phosphate
conc. nitric acid & formed
ammonium molybdate
solution are added.
To a little paste sol, Bacl White ppt is formed Presence of sulphate
sol is added. insoluble in dil. HCl

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ANALYSIS OF CATION
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERANCE
To a little paste solution No white ppt is Absence of lead
dil.HCl is added. formed
To a little paste solution No white ppt is Absence of
solid NH4 Cl & NH4OH formed aluminium
solution are added.
To a little paste solution Greenish white ppt is Presence of zinc
potassium ferro cyanide formed
solution is added.
To a little paste solution No yellow ppt is Absence of
potassium chromate formed barium
solution is added.
To a little paste solution No white ppt is Absence of
ammonium sulphate formed strontium
solution is added.
To a little paste solution White ppt is formed Presence of
NH4OH & ammonium calcium
oxalate sol are added.

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A little paste is mixed Following colours Presence of:

with conc. HCl & are imparted to the i. Calcium
sprayed on non- flame: ii. Sodium
luminous flame 1. Brick red iii. Potassium
2. Golden yellow
3. Violet
To a little paste solution White ppt is formed Presence of
solid ammonium magnesium
chloride ammonium
hydroxide and
dipotassium hydrogen
phosphate are added.
A little paste is boiled Green colour ash is Presence of zinc
with conc. Nitric acid & formed
cobalt nitrate solution. A
filter paper dipped in it
is burnt to ashes.

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 ANALYSIS OF TOOTHPASTE

PASTE 2: Lever Ayush

ANALYSIS OF ANION
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To a little of paste White ppt is not Absence of chloride
solution silver formed
nitrate solution is
added.
To a little of paste No white ppt is Absence of fluoride
solution calcium formed
chloride solution is
added.
To a little of paste Potassium Presence of oxalate
sulphuric acid & permanganate is
potassium decolorized
permanganate
solution are added.
To a little paste No brown ring is Absence of nitrate
solution equal formed
amount of freshly
prepared ferrous
sulphate is added
followed by conc.
sulphuric acid along
the sides.
To a little of the No scanty yellow ppt Absence of phosphate
paste conc. nitric formed
acid & ammonium
molybdate solution
are added.
To a little paste White ppt is formed Presence of sulphate
solution barium insoluble in dil. HCl
chloride solution is
added.

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 ANALYSIS OF TOOTHPASTE

ANALYSIS OF CATION
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERANCE
To a little paste solution No white ppt is Absence of lead
dil. HCl is added. formed
To a little paste solution No white ppt is Absence of
solid NH4 Cl & NH4OH formed aluminium
solution are added.
To a little paste solution No greenish white ppt Absence of zinc
potassium ferro cyanide is formed
solution is added.
To a little paste solution No yellow ppt is Absence of
potassium chromate formed barium
solution is added.
To a little paste solution No white ppt is Absence of
ammonium sulphate formed strontium
solution is added.
To a little paste solution No white ppt is Absence of
NH4OH & ammonium formed calcium
oxalate solutions are
added.

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 ANALYSIS OF TOOTHPASTE

A little paste is mixed with Following colours Presence of:

conc. HCl & sprayed on are imparted to the i. Sodium
non-luminous flame flame: ii. Potassium
1. Golden yellow
2. Lilac
To a little paste solution White ppt is formed Presence of
solid ammonium chloride magnesium
ammonium hydroxide
and dipotassium
hydrogen phosphate are
added.
A little paste is boiled with Pink colour ash is Presence of
conc. Nitric acid & cobalt formed magnesium
nitrate solution. A filter
paper dipped in it is burnt
to ashes.

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PASTE 3: K.P.Namboodiris
ANALYSIS OF ANION
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To a little of paste White ppt is not Absence of chloride
solution silver nitrate formed
solution is added.
To a little of paste White ppt is formed Presence of fluoride
solution calcium
chloride solution is
added.
To a little of paste Potassium Presence of oxalate
sulphuric acid & permanganate is
potassium decolorized
permanganate
solution are added.
To a little paste No brown ring is Absence of nitrate
solution equal formed
amount of freshly
prepared ferrous
sulphate is added
followed by conc.
sulphuric acid along
the sides.
To a little of the No scanty yellow ppt Absence of phosphate
paste conc. nitric formed
acid & ammonium
molybdate solution
are added.
To a little paste White ppt is formed Presence of sulphate
solution barium insoluble in dil. HCl
chloride solution is
added.

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 ANALYSIS OF TOOTHPASTE

ANALYSIS OF CATION
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERANCE
To a little paste solution No white ppt is formed Absence of lead
dil. HCl is added.
To a little paste solution No white ppt is formed Absence of
solid NH4 Cl & NH4OH aluminium
solution are added.
To a little paste solution Greenish white ppt is Presence of zinc
potassium ferro cyanide formed
solution is added.
To a little paste solution No yellow ppt is Absence of barium
potassium chromate formed
solution is added.
To a little paste solution No white ppt is formed Absence of
ammonium sulphate strontium
solution is added.
To a little paste solution White ppt is formed Presence of
NH4OH & ammonium calcium
oxalate solutions are
added.

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 ANALYSIS OF TOOTHPASTE

A little paste is mixed Following colours Presence of:

with conc. HCl & are imparted to the i. Calcium
sprayed on non- flame: ii. Sodium
luminous flame 1. Brick red iii. Potassium
2. Golden
yellow
3. Lilac
To a little paste White ppt is Presence of magnesium
solution solid formed
ammonium chloride
ammonium hydroxide
and dipotassium
hydrogen phosphate
are added.
A little paste is boiled Green colour ash Presence of Zinc
with conc. Nitric acid is formed
& cobalt nitrate
solution. A filter paper
dipped in it is burnt to
ashes.

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 ANALYSIS OF TOOTHPASTE

COMPARATIVE
INFERENCE TABLE
NAME OF THE IONS PRESENT
TOOTHPASTE
Ca2+ F- Na+/K+ C2O42- SO42- Al3+ Zn2+ Mg2+ Cl-

Colgate

Lever Ayush

K. P. Namboodiris

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.wikipedia.org/
Chemistry NCERT
https://www.scribd.com/subscribe-
now?&utm_medium=cpc&utm_source=adwords
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Brand_India&utm_term=scribd&utm_device=c&
gclid=Cj0KCQiAw4jvBRCJARIsAHYewPM_b0
wdxH7oJVjgh68pFDfmj4ckk1a557IjaJTmAXPh
Jisqw-P8NX0aAhmnEALw_wcB

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