C L A S S E S

Indian Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
Chapter - 01 (Constitutional Development)
Chapter - 02 (Making of Constitution)
Chapter - 03 (Salient Features)
Chapter - 04 (Union and its territories)
Chapter - 05 (Citizenship)
Chapter - 06 (Fundamental Rights)
Chapter - 07 (DPSP and Fundamental Duties)
Chapter - 08 (Union Executive)
Chapter - 09 (Union Legislature)
Chapter - 10 (Union Judiciary)
Chapter - 11 (State Executive)
Chapter - 12 (State Legislature)
Chapter - 13 (State Judiciary)
Chapter - 14 (Local Self Government)
Chapter - 15 (Constitutional Bodies)
Chapter - 16 (Non-Constitutional Bodies)
Chapter - 17 (Previous Year One- Liners)
 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
 www.neonclasses.com

Chapter – 1
Constitutional Development

The British were come in India as traders and formed Indian civil services was started on 21 Apr 1793
East India Company by Charter granted by Queen 21 April - ICS Day
Elizabeth. East India Company was formed in 1600 AD.
Revenue board & revenue police were established in 1793
Some Acts were made to control the function of the
• Charter Act 1813
company. Which are as follows:
Bound the monopoly over Indian trade and with itIndia
Note: -The Indian constitution developed by these Acts.
open to all British subjects
• Regulating Act, 1773
All rights of East India company were terminated except 2
The first step was taken by the British parliament to traders rights
control and regulate the affairs of East India Company.
• Trade of Tea
It designated the Governor of Bengal as the Governor
• Trade with china
General of Bengal.
• Charter Act 1833
Warren Hasting became the first Governor General to Bengal.
Governor- General of Bengal became the Governor General
Executive council of the Governor General was established
of India.
(Four members), there was no separate legislative council.
Note: -First Governor General of India was Lord William
It subordinated the Governors of Bombay and madras to
Bentinck.
the Governor General of Bengal.
This was the final step towards centralization in the British
The Supreme Court was established at fort William
India.
(Calcutta) as the Apex court in 1774.
The Act ended the Activities of the East India Company, as a
Note: -Elijah imphy was the first Chief Justice
commercial body and it became purely administrative
Other three Judges – body.
(i) lord hide
(ii) lord chambur
• Charter Act of 1853
(iii) lord lanster
The legislative and executive function of the Governor
It prohibited servants of the company from engaging in any
General’s Council was separated.
private trade or accepting bribes from the natives.
6 members in central legislative council were added. Four
Established Board of Directors (the governing body of the
out of six members were appointed by the provisional
company), which should report its revenue to the British
government of Bombay, madras, Bengal and Agra.
govt.
It introduced as system of open competition as the basis for
Member of board of Directors – 24
the Recruitment of civil servant of the company.
East India company got trade rights for 20 years
East India Company only does administration company so
• Pitt’s India Act of 1784 6 board of director
Distinguished between commercial and political functions 1853 – written examination for ICS was started.
of the company.
• The crown Rule (1858-1947)
Court of Directors for commercial function and Board of
The act was enacted in the wake of the Revolt 1857 – also
control for political affairs.
known as the First war of Independence or the sepoy
Reduced the strength of the Governor General’scouncil to mutiny or The Act for Good Government of India. This Act
three members. was established the supremacy of the British crown.
placed the India Affairs under the direct control of the • Government of India Act of 1858
British Government.
It appointed a secretary of state for India assisted by the
The company’s territories in India were called the British council of India, having British cabinet members.
possession in India.
The Governor General was replaced by the viceroy
Governor’s councils were established in madras and
Note: - “lord canning” was first viceroy of India and last
Bombay.
Governor General of India.
Charter Act 1793
It abolished Board of control and court of Directors.
Trade rights of East India company was extended for next 20
• Indian councils Act of 1861
years.

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It introduced for the first time Indian Representation in the
Institutions like Viceroy’s Executive + legislative council
(non official). 3 Indians entered legislative council.
1860 – 1ST Indian budget was predated by James Wilson.
• stared Income tax
Father of Income tax – Lard cummig
Legislative councils were established in center and
provinces.
Initiated the process of decentralization by restoring the
legislative power to the Bombay and madras provinces.
• Indian council Act of 1892
Introduced indirect elections
Enlarged the size of the legislative council members from 6
to 16
Enlarged the function of the legislative council and gave
them the power of discussing the Budget and addressing
questions to the Executive.
• Indian Council Act of 1909
The Act also known as the Morley Minto Reforms. (Morley
was state secretary and Minto was viceroy of India)
Direct elections to legislative council, first time Attempt at
Introducing a Representative and popular element
The member of central legislative council was increased to
60 from 16.
Introduced a system of communal Representation for
Muslims by accepting the concept of “separate electorate”
Indians for the first time in viceroy Executive council.
(Satyendra Prasad sinha, as the law member.)
• Government of India Act of 1919
This Act is also known as the Montague – Chelmsford
Reforms – (Montague was the state secretary and
Chelmsford was viceroy of India)
The central subjects were demarcated and separated from
those of the provincial subject.
The scheme of dual governance “Dyarchy” was Introduced
in the provincial subject.
Under the dyarchy system, the provincial, subjects were
divided in to parts –
(i) Transferred and (ii) Reserved
On Reserved Subjects Governor was not responsible to the
legislative council
The Act introduced, for the first-time bicameralism at central
Legislative Assembly with 140 member and legislative
council with 60 members.
Direct election provided for the establishment of Public
service commission.
The rule made under Indian act 1919 were known as the
devaluation Rule.
Simon commission arrived India in 1928. Also known as
statutory commission
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• Government of India Act of 1935
The Act provided for the establishment of an All – India
federation consisting of the provinces and princely states as
units, though the envisaged federation never comes into
being.
The Act divided the power between the center and the units
into items of three lists, namely the federal list (59 items),
the provincial list (54 items) and the concurrent list (36
items)
The Act abolished the Dyarchy in the provinces and
introduced provincial Autonomy
These six provinces were Assam, Bengal Bombay, Bihar,
madras and the united province.
Provided for the establishment of federal court
Abolished the council of India.
It provided for the adoption of Dyarchy at the center.
Residuary powers were given to the Governor General.
• Indian Independence Act of 1947
It declared India as an Independent and sovereign state.
divided into the two dominion states India and Pakistan.
Established Responsible Govt. both center and states.
Designated the viceroy India and Provincial Governors as
the constitution (normal heads)
It assigned dual functions to the constitution Assembly
(Constituent and legislative) and declared this dominion
legislative as a sovereign body.
• Important facts
Laws made before Charter Act of 1833 were called
Regulations and those made After are called Acts.
Lord warren Hastings created the office of District collector
in 1772 but Judicial powers were separated from district
collector later by Cornwallis.
Lord mayo’s Resolution on financial decentralization
visualized the development of local self-Government
Institutions in India (1870).
1882 Lord Ripon’s Resolution was hailed as the “magna
carta” of local salt – Government.
He is regarded as the father of local self Govt. in India.
1833 Charter Act was the most important Act before
the Act of 1909.
The Executive council provided by the 1919 Act continued to
advise the viceroy till 1947. The modern Executive (council
of ministers) owes its legacy to the Executive council.
The legislative council and Assembly developed into
RajyaSabha and LokSabha after Independent
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9. during the period of British rule in India, the rules made
LEVEL - 01 under which one of the following were known as the
1. Which one of the following Acts provided the setting up of a Devolution Rules?
Board of Control in Britain, through which the British (a) Government of India Act, 1919
Government could fully control the British East India (b) Indian Councils Act, 1909
Company's civil, military and revenue affairs in India?
(c) Indian Councils Act, 1892
(a) Regulating Act of 1773
(d) Government of India Act, 1935
(b) Pitt's India Act of 1784
10. In the Federation established by the Act of 1935, residuary
(c) Charter Act of 1833 power was given to the:
(d) Government of India Act of 1858 (a) Federal Legislature (b) Provincial Legislature
2. Under which one of the following Acts, was the Communal (c) Governor General (d) Provincial Governor
Electorate System introduced by the British in India, for the
11. The Government of India Act, 1919, was based upon:
first time?
(a) Morley – Minto Reforms
(a) Government of India Act, 1909
(b) Montague – Chelmsford Report
(b) Government of India Act, 1919
(c) Ramsay McDonald Award
(c) Indian Councils Act of 1861
(d) Nehru Report
(d) Indian Councils Act of 1892
12. Which one of the following Acts laid the foundation of the
3. The Initial idea of recruitment on merit principle can be
British Administration in India?
traced to the:
(a) Regulating Act, 1773 (b) Pitt's India Act, 1784
(a) Lee Commission (b) Macaulay Committee
(c) Indian Councils Act, 1861
(c) lington Commission (d) Maxwell Committee
(d) Indian Councils Act, 1892
4. Dyarchy was first introduced under [CDS 2010]
13. With reference to the period of British Rule in India, Indian
(a) Morley – Minto Reforms
Statutory Commission is popularly known as:
(b) Montague- Chelmsford Reforms (a) Cabinet Mission (b) Hunter Commission
(c) Simon Commission Plan (c) Sadler Commission (d) Simon Commission.
(d) Government of India Act, 1935 14. During the British Rule in India, who was the first Indian to
5. Which of the following Act provided for the establishment be appointed as Law Member of the Governor General's
of Reserve Bank of India? Council?
(a) Government of India Act, 1919 (a) Raja Kishori Lal Goswami (b) Motilal Nehru
(b) Government of India Act, 1935 (c) Satyendra Sinha (d) Tej Bahadur Sapru

(c) Indian Independence Act, 1947 15. When the company obtain the Diwani rights?
(a) 1770 (b) 1765
(d) RBI Act, 1935
(c) 1768 (d) 1755
16. Who among the following first time demanded for the
6. The Cabinet Mission Plan for India envisaged [CDS 2012]
constituent assembly?
(a) Federation (b) Confederation
(a) Tilak (b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Unitary form of Government (d) Union of States (c) M N Roy (d) None of them
7. Which of the following Acts introduced communal 17. Through which act British Government control and
electorate in India? [NDA 2006] regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India
(a) Indian Council Act, 1861 (a) Regulating Act of 1773 (b) Pitt’s India Act of 1784
(b) Indian Council Act, 1892 (c) Charter Act of 1833 (d) Charter Act of 1853
(c) Indian Council Act, 1909 18. Who was the first governor general of Bengal?
(d) Government of India Act, 1935 (a) Warren hasting (b) Lord William Bentinck
8. Partially responsible governments in the provinces were (c) Lord Canning (d) None of them
established under which one of the following Acts? 19. Which Viceroy of India was known as the Father of the
(a) The Government of India Act, 1919 communal electorate?
(b) The Government of India Act, 1935 (a) Lord Minto (d) Dalhousie

(c) Indian Councils Act, 1909 (c) Lord Canning (d) None of them
20. Which of the following act divided the provincial subjects
(d) Indian Councils Act, 1892
into two parts—transferred and reserved?
(a) The act of 1919 (b) The act of 1909

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(c)The act of 1935 (d) The act of 1861 4. Which of the following was/were the main feature (s) of
21. Which one is not the member of the cabinet mission? the Government of India act, 1919?
(a) A V. Alaxender (b) Sir stafford 1. The act provided for the establishment for the first time,
(c) Sir Pathiclawrence (d)all of them in India of a public service commission.

22. During which period India was a dominion state? 2. The act provided for the appointment of an India to the
viceroy’s executive council, as well as the provincial
(a) 1947 to 1950 (b) 1950 to 2000
executive councils.
(c) 1764 to 1947 (d) 2010 to 2020
3. A provision was made for classification of central and
23. Two independent states of India and Pakistan were created
provincial subjects.
by:
Codes
(a)The Shimla conference
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(b)The Cripps Proposal
(c)The Cabinet Mission Plan (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

(d)The Indian Independence Act 5. Which of the following vested the secretary of State for
India with supreme control over the Government of India?
24. Which of the following vested the Secretary of State for
India with supreme control over the Government of India? [CDS 2008]
(a) Pitt’s India Act, 1784 (a) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
(b) The Government of India Act, 1858 (b) Government of India Act, 1858
(c)Indian Council Act, 1861 (c) Indian Council Act, 1861
(d) Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909 (d) Morley - Minto Reforms Act, 1909
25. Which act introduced, for the first time, local 6. Which of the following Acts was described by Jawaharlal
representation in the Indian legislative council? Nehru as ‘Charter of Slavery?’ [UKPCS 2007]
(a) Charter Act of 1853 (b) Charter Act of 1858 (a) Regulating Act, 1773 (b) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
(c) Charter Act of 1833 (d) Charter Act of 1909 (c) Government of India Act, 1919
(d) Government of India Act, 1935

LEVEL - 02 7. The distribution of powers between the Centre and States in

the Indian constitution is based on the scheme provided in
1. Which of the following is/are the principal feature (s) of the the [UPSC 2011]
Government of India Act, 1919? [UPSC 2012]
(a) Morley- Minto Reforms, 1909
1. Introduction of Dyarchy in the executive government of
(b) Montague- Chelmsford Act, 1919
the provinces.
(c) Government of India Act, 1935
2. Introduction of separate communal electorates of
Muslims. (d) Indian Independence Act, 1947

3. Devolution of legislative authority by the Centre of the 8. Article 40 of the constitution of India advices the state of
provinces. work for [UPPSC 2014]

Select the correct answer using the codes given below (a) Uniform civil code

(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 (b) Organization of Village Panchayats

(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1,2 and 3 (c) Constitution of municipalities

2. The first attempt to introduce a representative and popular (d) Living wages for workers
element in the Governance of India was made through.
[SSC (Grad) 2000] 9. Consider the following acts [CDS 2000]
(a) Indian Council Act, 1861 1. The Regulating Act 2. Pitt’s India Act
(b) Indian Council Act, 1892 3. The Charter Act 4. Indian Councils Act
(c) Indian Council Act, 1909 What is the correct chronological sequence of these acts?
(d) Government of India Act, 1919 (a) 1,2,3,4 (b) 2,1,3,4
3. The Indian Legislature was made bi–cameral for the first (c) 4,3,2,1 (d) 3,4,2,1
time by [UPPCS 2008] 10. Which among the following acts for first time allowed
(a) Indian Council Act, 1892 Indians, at theoretically, entry to higher posts in British
(b) Indian Council Act, 1909 Indian administration? [NDA 2016]

(c) The Government of India Act, 1919 (a) Charter Act 1813 (b) Charter Act 1833

(d) The Government of Indian Act, 1935 (c) Charles Wood’s Education Dispatch 1854
(d) Indian Councils Act 1861

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11. Consider the following statements. 3. The extension of provincial government.
1. Under the Government of India Act, 1919, the Indian Which of these statements are correct? [CDS 2002]
Legislature was made more representative and for the first (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
time bicameral.
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. The Government of India Act, 1935, prescribed a
federation taking the Provinces and the Indian States as
17. Which of the following was/were the main feature(s) of the
units.
Government of India Act, 1919? [CDS 2010]
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Introduction of separate electorates for Muslims.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
2. Devolution of legislative authority by the center.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
3. Expansion and reconstitution of Central and Provincial
12. What were the salient features of the Government of India Legislatures.
Act, 1935?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
1. Abolition of Council of India (a) Only 2 (b) 1 and 3
2. Dyarchy at the Centre (c) Only 3 (d) 2 and 3
3. Abolition of Dyarchy in the States 18. Match list I (Act) with List II (Largely based on) and select
4. Establishment of Federal Court the correct answer for using the codes given below the lists
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: List I List II
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 3 A. Indian Council 1. Mountbatten Plan
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Act, 1909
13. The Government of India Act, 1935 was based on B. Government of 2. Simon commission
[NDA 2010] India Act, 1919 Report and Joint Select

(a) The principle of federation and parliamentary system Committee

(b) The principle of succession of the British Indian C. Government of 3. Montage Chelmsford
Provinces Indian Act, 1935 Reforms
(c) Acceptance of the idea of a constituent Assembly to D. Indian Independence 4. Morley-Minto
draft a constitution Act, 1947 Reforms
(d) None of these above Copes
ABCD
14. The first definite step of provide parliamentary control (a) 1 2 3 4
over East India company was taken by [CDS 2005] (b) 4 3 2 1
(a) The Regulating Act, 1773 (c) 3 4 1 2
(b) The Pitt’s India Act, 1784 (d) 4 1 2 3
(c) The Charter Act, 1793 [UPSC 2009]
(d) The Charter Act, 1813 19. Consider the following statements with reference to the
15. Which of the following are among the provisions of the Act provisions of Morley-Minto Reforms Act in the Colonial
of 1858? India

1. The administration of India and the Indian Territories 1. The Morley-Minto Reform Act raised the number of
was transferred to the Crown. additional members of the Central Legislature.

2. The rule of East India Company was abolished.
3. The Governor-General of India was to be known as the
viceroy of India and a Secretary of State for India was also
appointed.
2. It introduced the principle of communal representation
in the Legislature.
3. It empowered the Legislature to discuss the budget and
to move resolution on it.

4. The administrative power of India was to be shared Which of the statements given above are correct?
between the East India Company and the Crown of England. (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
Codes (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3 20. Consider the following statements
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All of the above The Regulating Act of 1773 was passed by British
16. Consider the following statements the objective of the Parliament in order to
Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 was 1. establish Parliamentary control over the administration
1. To give power to the local government. of the East India Company’s territory in India.

2. To establish diarchy in the provinces.

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2. make the Governor of Bengal as the Governor-General of
Bengal.
3. end of dual system of administration in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
21. With reference of the Cabinet Mission, which of the
following statement is/are correct?
1. It recommended a Federal Government
2. It enlarged the powers of the Indian courts.
3. It provides for more Indians in the ICS.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) None of these
[UPSC 2015]
22. Match the following is not correct regarding the interim
govt. of 1946:
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru held the External Affairs &
Commonwealth Relations ministry
(b) Dr. John Mathai held the Industries & Supplies ministry
(c) Dr. B R Ambedkar was the law minister
(d) Liaquat Ali Khan was the Finance minister
23. After the creation of Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in
1947, the membership of Constituent Assembly of India
was reduced to 299 from 389 earlier. What was the total
number of members from the provinces in the Constituent
Assembly?
(a) 229 (b) 70
(c) 292 (d) 93
24. The Objective Resolution was unanimously adopted by
the Constituent Assembly on 22nd January 1947, had
the following provisions as given below:
I. Adequate safeguards shall be provided for minorities,
backward and tribal areas, and depressed and other
backward classes.
II. All power and authority of the Sovereign Independent
India, its constituent parts and organs of government, are
derived from the people.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) I only (b) II only
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
25. Consider the following statements about the Morley Minto
reforms
1. Provincial legislative councils came to have non-official
majority
2. The discussion on budget including supplementary
questions was allowed for the first time
3. Muslims were given separate electorate
Which of the following is/are correct?
(a) 1, and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, and 3 (d) All of them
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Solutions
LEVEL - 1
1. (a)Regulating Act 1773 provided court of Directors. It
should report its revenue. And Pitt’s India Act 1784
provided board of control for political Affairs.
2. (a)Morley – Minto Reform was another name of India
council Act of 1909 AD which was named after the
secretary of state and the viceroy. It was instituted to
please the moderates. The British also Introduced
communal electorates as a part of these Reforms. this was
meant to create conflict between Hindus and Muslims.
3. (b)Macaulay committee was appointed in 1854. committee
give Idea of merit principle in recruitment.
4. (b)Diarchy was introduced under Montague Chelmsford
Reforms.
Simon commission plan (Nov 1927): All 7 members were
Britishers, so Indians Boycotted.
Govt. of India act, 1935: Diarchy was abolished & provincial
Autonomy started.
5. (b)RBI was established under Govt. of India act 1935 to
control the currency & credit of the country.
6. (b)Cabinet mission plan 1946: 3-member commission to
envisaged confederation. Center was given foreign affairs,
defense, currency & communications. And all other powers
were given to provinces.
7. (c)Communal electorate In India introduced by Indian
council act, 1909. Also known as Marley – Minto reforms. &
given to Muslims. These further extended to depressed
classed, woman &labours through Govt. India Act, 1935
8. (a)Government of India Act 1919 provided the scheme of
dual governance ‘’Dyarchy’’ was Introduced in the
provincial subject.
9. (a)The Government Act 1919 made a provision for
classification of the central and provincial subjects.
10. (c)The Act divided the power between the Centre and state
units and residuary power were given to the Governor
General.
11. (b)Montague was the state secretary and Chelmsford was
viceroy of India.
12. (a)Regulating Act 1773 was the first step taken by the
British parliament to control and regulate the affairs of east
India Company.
13. (b)A seven members Committee sent in India and it is
called “Simon commission of India in 1928.”
14. (c) By the government of India Act 1909 first time an
Indian to be appointed in government Generals council.
And that Indian was Satyendra Prasad Sinha.
15. (b) In 1765, after the battle of buxar the Company, which
till now had purely trading functions obtained the ‘diwani’
(i.e., rights over revenue and civil justice) of Bengal, Bihar
and Orissa.
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16. (a) Bal Gangadhar tilak first time demanded the
constituent assembly in 1895.
Mahatma Gandhi in 1924 and M N Roy in 1934.
17. (a) Regulating act of 1773 was the first step taken by the
British Government to control and regulate the affairs of
the East India Company in India; it recognized, for the first
time, the political and administrative functions of the
Company; and it laid the foundations of Central
administration in India.
18. (a) The first such Governor-General was Lord Warren
Hastings.
Lord William Bentinck was the first governor-general of
India.
Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India.
19. (a) The act of 1909, introduced a system of communal
representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of
‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim Members were
to be elected only by Muslim voters. Thus, the Act ‘legalized
communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the
Father of Communal Electorate.
20. (a) The act of the 1919 further divided the provincial
subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved. These
schemes were administered by the governor. The dyarchy
was started via it.
21. (d) The members of the Cabinet Mission were: Lord
Pethick-Lawrence, Secretary of State for India, Sir Stafford
Cripps, President of the Board of Trade, and A.V Alexander,
First Lord of Admiralty.
22. (a) The Dominion of India was a predecessor to modern-
day India and an independent state that existed between 15
August 1947 and 26 January 1950. It was transformed into
the Republic of India by the promulgation of the
Constitution of India on 26 January 1950. During 1764 to
the 1947 India was the colony of the Britain.
23. (d) The Indian independence act of 1947 provided for the
partition of India and creation of two independent
dominions of India and Pakistan with the right to secede
from the British Commonwealth.
24. (b) The act of 1858 created a new office, Secretary of State
for India, vested with complete Authority and control over
Indian administration. The secretary of state was a member
of the British cabinet and was responsible ultimately to the
British Parliament. It established a 15-member Council of
India to assist the secretary of state for India.
25. (a) Charter act of 1853, introduced, for the first time, local
representation in the Indian (Central) Legislative Council.
Out of the six new legislative members of the governor
general’s Council, four members were appointed by the
local (provincial) governments of Madras, Bombay, Bengal
and Agra.
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LEVEL - 2
1. (a)Dyarchy derived from Greek word “di-arche” means
Double Rule It was introduced via Govt. of India act - 1919.
Diarchy in provincial Assemblies as transferred and
Reserved subjects.
Separate communal electorates for Muslims through Govt.
of India act – 1909.
Devolution of legislative authority– India councils Act – 1861.
2. (a) Representative and popular element in the Governance
of India was introduced through India council Act, 1861
Indian council Act 1892 – increased No. of Additional
members in central and provincial legislative councils
Indian Council Act 1909 first time an Indian S.P. Sinha
appointed to executive Council of viceroy
Govt. of India Act – 1935 Diarchy was replaced with
provincial Autonomy.
3. (c) The Indian legislature was made bicameral for the first
time by Govt. India Act – 1919.
It introduced bicameralism 6 out of 11 states. Through
Govt. of India act – 1935, six states are as 3 presidencies
and Assam, Bihar &Uttar Pradesh.
4. (c) Govt. of India Act – 1919:
It provided with establishment of public service
commission; hence central public service commission was
set – up in 1920 for recruitment of civil servants.
An Indian to viceroy's executive council was appointed
through Govt. of India Act 1909, S.P. Sinha was that Indian.
Classification of central & provincial subjects & diarchy
started.
5. (b) Through Govt. of India act 1858, the office of secretary
state of India established (Est.) and vested with central
Authority & control over Indian Administration. A 15-
member committee was established to assist secretary of
state.
India council Act, 1861 – Beginning of representative
institutions by Associating Indians with law making process.
Morley–Minto Reforms, 1909 – S.P. sinha was the first India
to appointed in executive council of the viceroy &
Governors.
6. (d) Govt. of India Act, 1935 described As” Charter of
slavery” by Jawaharlal Lal Nehru.
Regulating Act 1773: Designated Governor of Bengal as
Governor general of Bengal.
Pitts India Act 1784: it Allowed court of directors to
manage the commercial affairs & created a new body called
board of control to manage the political affairs.
Govt. of India Act, 1919: Also known as Montagu–
Chelmsford reforms.
Govt. of India Act – 1935: RBI was est. under it.
7. (c) The distribution of power between the center & stats in
the Indian constitution is based on the scheme provided in
the Govt. of India Act 1935.
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Indian Independence Act, 1947: Announced by British
Prime minister clement Attlee on February 20, 1947.
8. (b)Article 40 of Indian Constitution of India advices the
state of work for organization of village panchayat & enable
them to function as self Govt.
Uniform civil code – Article 44.
Living wages for workers – Article 43.
Constitution of municipalities – Article 243 Q.
9. (a)The Regulating Act 1773.
Pitts India Act – 1784.
The Chanter Act of 1833 & 1853
India Council Act of 1861, 1892 & 1909
10. (d) Indian Councils Act – 1861: Viceroy should nominate
some Indians as non – official members of his expanded
council
Charles wood’s education dispatch Act 1854: Related to
education Reforms.
11. (c)Act 1919 is also a known as the Montague – Chelmsford
The Act Introduced, for the first-time bicameralism at central.
(i) Legislative Assembly – 140 members
(ii) Legislative council – 60 members
12. (d) The act abolished the Dyarchy in the province and
introduced provincial Autonomy. These six provinces were
Assam Bengal, Bombay, Bihar, madras and the united
province.
13. (a)An All India federation established consisting of
provinces& princely states. Federal list (59 subjects),
provincial list (54 Subjects), concurrent list (36 subjects).
Parliamentary system: Introduction of Bicameralism in 6
states out of 11.
14. (a)The Regulating Act of 1773 Regulate & control the
affairs of east India company by the court of directors to
report on its revenue, civil& military affairs in India.
Pits’ India Act of 1784: Distinguished between Commercial
& political of company.
15. (b) The act of 1858, transferred power from company to
crown and Governor General of India replaced by the
viceroy of India and ended double govt. system and created
an office of India secretary who was assisted by a 15-
member committee.
16. (c) It separated provincial and central subjects and started
dyarchy in provinces and Bicameralism, and created the
office of the high commissioner of India in London and
grant voting rights to the limited people on the basis of the
tax, property and education.
17. (d) The separate electorate was given to Muslims by the
Govt. India act of 1909. The act of 1919 relaxed the central
control over the provinces by demarcating and separating
the central and provincial subjects. It extended communal
representation to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians
and Europeans. It provided for the establishment of a
public service commission so It was set up in 1926 for
recruiting civil Servant. It separated, for the first time,
provincial budgets from the Central budget.
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18. (b) Indian govt. act, 1909 and 1919 is known as the Morley
Minto reform and the Montague-Chelmsford reforms
respectively. Simon commission report (1927) was
constituted to report the condition of India. Simon commission
and joint select committee’s recommendations were
incorporated in the act of 1935. On June 3, 1947, Lord
Mountbatten, the viceroy of India, put forth the partition plan,
known as the Mountbatten Plan. It was accepted by the
Congress and the Muslim League. Immediate effect was given
to the plan by enacting the Indian Independence Act 147.
19. (a) The act of 1935 is the single most important source of
our present constitution. By it an all India federation was
established, Dyarchy was replaced by provincial autonomy,
bicameralism started in 6 out of the 11 states. And
franchise was extended to the 10 % of the population and
set up a federal court in 1937 and RBI.
20. (a) It was the first step taken by the British Government to
control and regulate the affairs of the East India Company
in India and it recognized, for the first time, the political
and administrative functions of the Company; and it laid
the foundations of central administration in India. The
Governor-General was Lord Warren Hastings. Supreme
court was established in Calcutta 1774.
21. (a) By the Indian Civil Services Act of 1861 paved the way
for the entry of Indians into the higher civil services. By the
Govt. act of 1935 established the federal court. The cabinet
mission was the 3 membered commissions gave
recommendations for the transfer of power and
establishment of the constitutional assembly. Members are
Lord Pethick-Lawrence, the Secretary of State for India, Sir
Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade, and A. V.
Alexander.
22. (c) The interim govt. of 1946 was headed by the pt. Nehru
and Joginder Nath Mandal was the Law minister in it not
the Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar became the first law minister
of independent India in 1947.
23. (a)The Muslim League members (hailing from the areas
included in the Pakistan) withdrew from the Constituent
Assembly for India. Consequently, the total strength of the
Assembly came down to 299 as against 389 originally fixed in
1946 under the Cabinet Mission Plan. The strength of the
Indian provinces (formerly British Provinces) was reduced
from 296 to 229 and those of the princely states from 93 to 70.
24 (c) The objective resolution was moved by the pt. Nehru in
the constitutional assembly which later became the base of
the preamble. Some features are as: India will be
Independent sovereign country and adequate safeguards
shall be provided for minorities, backward and tribal areas,
and depressed and other backward classes; and territories
will be included.
25. (d) Act of 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reforms. It
retained official majority in the Central Legislative Council
but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have non-
official majority. First time Indians were included in the
executive council of the viceroy. It introduced a system of
communal representation for Muslims by accepting the
concept of ‘separate electorate’. It enlarged the deliberative
functions of the legislative councils at both the levels.
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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Chapter –2
Making of Constitution

• The first look of the Indian constitution is seen in the swaraj • Interim Government (1946) 2 Sep. 1946
Bill of Bal Gangadhar tilak in 1895. Members Portfolios Held
• The first time Gandhi had said that Indian constitution will be 1. Jawaharlal Nehru: - External Affairs commonwealth
done by Indians in 1922 Relations
• First attempt to make the constitution was through the Nehru 2. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: - Home, Information &
report under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru. Broadcasting
• India was getting close to the Independence and with this 3. Dr. Rajendra prasad: - Food & Agriculture
Arise the need of the constitution the idea to have the Indian
4. Dr. John Mathai: - Industries & supplies
constitution had given by the Mr. M.N. Roy in 1934.
5. Jagjivan Ram: - Labor
• In the year 1935 the Indian national congress first time
demanded a constitution Assembly from the Indian 6. Sardar Baldev singh: - Defense
constitution. 7. C.H. Bhabha: - Works, mines & power
• In the 1938 Jawaharlal Nehru on the behalf of congress said 8. Liaquat ali khan: - Finance
the Indian constitution made by an Independent constitution 9. Abdur Rabnistar: - Posts & Air
Assembly without any external Interference.
10. Asaf ali: - Railways & transport
• The demand was accepted by the British parliament which
11. I.I. Chandigarh: - Commerce
came to be known as August offer in 1940.
12. C. Rajagopalachari: - Education & Arts
• In the year 1942 Cripps India mission came in India under the
chairmanship Sir Stafford Cripps and said the constituent 13. Ghoznofar Ali khan: - Health
Assembly will be setup but after the second world war. 14. Joginder nath Mandal: - Law
• But its proposal was not accepted by the Muslim league. • First cabinet of Free India.
• Finally, in May 1946 Cabinet mission plan come in India under Members with their respective Portfolios
the three British members 1. Jawaharlal Nehru: -Prime minister, external Affairs &
(i) Laurence (Chief) (ii) Stafford Cripps common wealth Relations, Scientific Research

(iii) A.V.Alexander 2. Sardar Vallabh bhai: - Home, Information Broadcasting:

states
• Cabinet Mission’s Recommendations: - 3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad: - Food & Agriculture
1. The constitution Assembly made by Indians 4. Molana Abul Kalam: - Education

2. 389 total members in constitution Assembly. 5. Dr. John Matai: - Railway & Transport
6. R.K. Shanmukham Chetty: - Finance
292 = various provinces 93 = Princely states
7. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar: - Law
4 – British commissioner
8. Jagjiven Ram: - Labour
(i) Ajmer (ii) coorg (Karnataka) 9. Sardar Boldev singh: - Defence
(iii) Baluchistan (Pak) (iv) Delhi. 10. Raj Kumari Amrita Kaur: - Health
11. C.H. Bhabha: - Commerce
3. The members of the constitution Assembly were on the
12. Rafi amedKidwai: - Communication
basis of the population and were in the of ratio roughly 1:
13. Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukarji: - Industries & supplies,
10, 00,000 (1 million)
14. N.V Godgil =Works, mines power
4. The seats of the provinces were divided into three major • Indian constitution Assembly election in June and July
communities (i) Muslim (ii) Sikh and (iii) general, the 1946.
member of the each community selected their members by Result of election of the constitution Assembly=
the method of proportional Representation with singal Congress Party: - 208 Muslim league: - 73
transferable voting system. Other party: - 7 Independence = 8
Total = 296
5. All the parties will form a final Government till the
• Various Provinces were not participate in election
constitution is formed.
Therefore, 93, seats were vacant
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• The Muslim league opposed the constitution Assembly and 6. Ruled of Procedure Dr. Rajendra Prasad
demanded separate Pakistan. 7. Steering committee Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Work of constitution Assembly:- 8. Flag Committee Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(i) First meeting ⇒ 9 December 1946 • Drafting Committee
Work: - leadership by Dr. Sachida nand sinha Among the most important committees of the constitution
• Temporary president = Dr. sachida nand sinha Assembly,which was set up on 29th August 1947
(ii) Second meeting ⇒ 11 December 1946 The drafting committee consists of seven members.
Work: - Permanent president = Dr. Rajendra Prasad (i) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Father of the constitution and and
vice president = H.C. Mukherjee chairman of the Drafting committee)

Advisor of the Assembly = B.N. Rou (ii) Gopal swamy Ayyangar

(iii) Third Meeting ⇒ 13 December 1946 (iii) Alladi Krishna swamy Ayyar

Work: - Jawaharlal Nehru presented the Objective motion
and work of constitution Assembly began.
Note: - The objective motion was called preamble of
constitution in future.
• Based on the mount batten scheme on third June 1947 the
Independence Act came to India. And India divided in two
dominion states India and Pakistan,
• After partition there were 299 total members in
constitution Assembly.
• Total 11 Session of the constitution Assembly took place
and total 114 days.
• Sessions of the constituent Assembly⇒
First Session: - 9 – 23 December 1946
Second Session: - 20-25 January 1947
Third Session: - 28 April – 2 may 1947
Fourth Session: - 14-31 July 1947
(iv) Syed Mohammad Saadullah
(v) K.M. Munshi
(vi) Madhva Rau (Replayed B.L. mitter)
(vii) T.Krishnamachari (Replaced D.P.Khaitan)
• Finlay accepted the constitution on 26 November 1949
• The last meeting of the constitution Assembly took place on
24th January where Dr. Rajendra Prasad elected as the
president of India.
• Out of 299 total members of the Assembly 284 members
signed the official copy of constitution.
• Official copies were two languages Hindi and English.
• The constitution came into force on 26th January 1950
which is also celebrated as the Republic Day of India.
• The constitution Assembly took 2 years 11 month and 18
days in making the constitution and approximately 64 lacs.
rupees expenditure.

Fifth Session: - 14-30 August 1947 • In May 1949 India become of the member of
commonwealth.
Sixth Session: - 27 January 1948
• National Flag was Adopted on 22 July 1947.
Seventh Session: - 4 November 1948 to 8 January 1949
• National song and national Anthem was adopted on 24
Eight Session: - 16 may – 16 June 1949
January 1950.
Ninth Session: - 30 July – 18 September 1949
• there are 395 Articles in the India constitution, which are
Tenth Session: - 6-17 October 1949 divide into 22 parts.
Eleventh Session: - 14-28 November 1949 • there were basically 8 schedules which are currently 12.
Some Important committees were formed during the Current scheduled types are as follows.
formation of the constitution
First Schedule
1. contains the list of states and union territories
• That committee of constitution
2. Second schedule= contains provisions of the salaries of
Name of Committee Committee chairman various office bearers like president, vice – President,
1. Union Power Jawaharlal Nehru Governors of states, speaker and Deputy speaker of the
2. Union Constitution Jawaharlal Nehru house of the people and states legislative Assembly and
Chairman of the legislative council and Rajya Sabha. Judges
3. States committee (Negotiating with states)
of Supreme Court and high court, comptroller and Auditor
Jawaharlal Nehru
– General of India
4. Provincial constitution Sardar Patel
Third Schedule= Contains the forms of oaths or
5. Advisory on Fundamental rights and tribal and Excluded Affirmations.
‘SardarPatel Fourth Schedule = Contains provisions as to the allocated
(i) Fundamental Rights sub committee seats in Rajya Sabha
(ii) Minorities subcommittee J.B. KariPalani Fifth Schedule= Administration and control of scheduled
H.C. Mukherjee Areas and scheduled Tribes.

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Sixth Schedule= Administration of Tribal Areas of Assam, classes
Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. XVII 343 to 351 Official languages
Seventh Schedule= Contains the union list, states list and XVIII 352 to 360 Emergency Provisions
concurrent list.
XIX 361 to 367 Miscellaneous
Eight Schedule= Contains the 22 Recognized language.
XX 368 Amendment of the constitution
Ninth Schedule= Contains provisions added by the land
XXI 369 to 392 Temporary, Transitional and special
reforms
Provisions
Note: - This schedule was added in 1951 by the first
constitution Amendment. XXII 393 to 395 Short title commencements,

• Tenth Schedule: - Contains provisions as to Party change Authoritative text in Hindi and repeals
law.
Note:- This Schedule was added in 1985 by the 52
constitution Amendment.
Eleventh Schedule= Contains the powers authority and
responsibilities of Panchayats.
Note:- This was added in 1993 by the 73rd constitution
Amendment Act 1992.
Twelfth schedule = Contains the powers authority and
responsibilities of Municipal.
Note: - This Schedule was added in 1993 by the 74rd
constitution amendment Act 1992.
The 22 parts of the Indian constitution along with subject
and Articles
Part Articles Subject
I 1 to 4 the union and its territory
II 5 to 11 Citizenship
III 12 to 35 Fundamental Rights
IV 36 to 51 Directive Principles of state policy
IVA 51 A Fundamental Duties
V 52 to 151 Central Government
Executive 52 to 78
Legislative = 79 to 123
Judiciary = 124 to 147
VI 152 to 237 State Government
Executive = 152 to 167
Legislative = 168 to 213
State Judiciary = 214 to 237
VII 238 Repealed by 7th Amendment Act 1956
VIII 239 to 242 The Union territories
IX 243 A to 0 the penchants
IXA 243 P to ZG the municipalities
IXB 243 H to ZT Co – Operative Societies
X 244 The Scheduled and tribal Areas.
XI 245 to 263 Relations between states and union
XII 264 to 300 Finance, Property, contracts and suits
XIII 301 to 307 Trade, commerce, and Intercourse
with in the territory of India.
XIV 308 to 323 Services Under the union and states.
XV 324 to 329 Elections
XVI 330 to 342 Special Provisions relation to certain

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(c) Emergency Provisions (d) Citizenship
LEVEL 1 10. Constituent Assembly was set up under which of the
1. The Constitution of India as framed by the Constituent following plan/ report/ commission?
Assembly was finally adopted and enacted on: (a) Simon Commission
(a) 15th August, 1947 (b) Cabinet Mission Plan
(b) 30th January, 1948 (c) Wavell Plan
(c) 26th November, 1949 (d) Nehru Report
(d) 26th January, 1950 11. Who among the following was the chairman of Constituent
2. Who among the following was the Constitutional Advisor to Assembly’s steering Committee?
the Constituent Assembly? (a) Rajendra Prasad
(a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (b) Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
(b) K.M. Munshi (c) dr. rajendra prasad
(c) Sir B.N. Rau (d) dr. ambedkar
(d) T.T. Krishnamachari 12. Who among the following was the chairman of Constituent
3. Who among the following was the Finance Minister of India Assembly’s Minorities Sub-Committee?
in the Interim Government during 1946-1947? (a) P.C Joshi
(a) R.K. Shanmukham Chetty (b) Sardar Patel
(b) John Mathai (c) H. C Mukherji
(c) Liaquat Ali Khan (d) Pattabhi Sitaramayya
(d) Chintamanra Deshmukh 13. When was the demand of the constituent assembly was
4. The members of the Constituent Assembly were: accepted by British govt.?
(a) Directly elected by the people. (a) 1940 (b) 1946
(b) Nominated by the Governor General (c) 1947 (d) 1950
(c) Elected by the Legislatures and nominated by the rulers 14. Which among was not the part of the chief commissioners’
of the princely states. provinces, in the constituent assembly?
(d) Nominated by the Congress and the Muslim League. (a) Delhi (b) Ajmer-Merwara
5. The constituent Assembly that finally framed India’s (c) Coorg (d) Islamabad
Constitution was set up 15. How many members attended the first meeting of the
(a) Under the Indian Independence Act constituent assembly?
(b) Under the Government of India Act, 1935 (a) 389 (b) 211
(c) Under the cabinet mission plan, 1946 (c) 296 (d) 93
(d) By the Queen’s proclamation 16. How many seats were won by the congress in the election
6. The constitution of India was completed on of 1946?

(a) 11th February, 1948 (a) 296 (b) 70

(b) 26th November, 1949 (c) 211 (d) 208

(c) 26th January, 1950 17. Who among was/were the vice president of the constituent
assembly?
(d) None of the above
(a) H.C. Mukherjee (b) V.T. Krishnamachari
7. Deferment of adult franchise for fifteen years was
advocated in constituent Assembly by (c) Both (d) none of them

(a) DrRajendra Prasad 18. Who among the following proposed the historic “Objective
Resolution”?
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(a) Sardar patel (b) Moti lal Nehru
(c) Maulana Azad
(c) Jawahar lal Nehru (d) dr. Rajendra Prasad
(d) Dr. BhimRaoAmbedkar
19. Who among the following was the head of the Linguistic
8. To produce the constitution, the constituent Assembly took.
Provinces Commission committee?
(a) 2 years 11 month and 18 days
(a) S. Varadachari (b) S.K. Dar
(b) 3 years 10 months and 10 days
(c) G.V.Mavalankar (d) Usha Nath Sen
(c) 4 years 11 months and 11 days
20. How many Articles wee there in the original constitution of
(d) 5 years 5 months and 5 days. the India?
9. Which of the following deals with the Part 4 of the Indian (a) 495 (b) 296
constitution? (c) 395 (d) 400
(a) Fundamental Rights (b) Directive Principals

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21. Who among the following is known as the “Modern Manu?” (a) B.R. Ambedkar (b) J.B. Kripalani
(a) Pt. JL Nehru (b) Dr. B R Ambedkar (c) Jawahar lal Nehru (d) Alladi Krishna swami Ayyar
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (d) M N roy 5. The members of the constituent Assembly were
22. What was the symbol of the constituent assembly? (a) Directly elected by the people
(a) Lion (b) Tiger (b) All nominated by the Indian National congress and the
(c) Elephant (d) Rose Muslim League
23. Who was the Secretary of the Constituent Assembly? (c) Indirectly elected by the provincial Assemblies
(a) H.V.R. Iyengar (b) Prem Behari Narain Raizada (d) All nominated by the British Government
(c) B.N. Rau (d) S.N. Mukerjee 6. The preamble is useful in constitution interpretation
because it [CDS 2012]
(a) Uses value- loaded words
24. Which of the following statements is false?
(b) Contains the real objective are philosophy of the
(a) Most of the structure of the Indian Constitution has
constitution makers
been taken from the Government of India Act, 1935.
(c) Is a source of power and limitation
(b) The original constitution had 10 schedules
(d) Gives an exhaustive list of basic features of the
(c) The political part of the Indian Constitution is taken constitution
from the British Constitution
7. What was the basis for constituting is constituent Assembly
(d) Article 368 is related to the constitutional amendment of India? [SSC (Grad) 2004]
25. Which of the following is not matched correctly? (a) The resolution of India National congress
(a) Part I: Union and its Territories (b) The cabinet Mission plan, 1946
(b) Part II: Citizenship (c) The Indian independence Act, 1947
(c) Part III: Directive Principle and State Policy (d) The resolution of the provincial/state legislature of the
(d) Part VI: State Governments Dominion of India
8. Who president over the first meeting of the Indian
constituent Assembly?
LEVEL - 2 [SSC (Grad) 2006]
1. Who among the following were the members of the (a) DrRajendra Prasad (b) SachchindanandaSinha
Drafting Committee of the Constitution? (c) BR Ambedkar (d) HV Kamath
1. K. M. Munshi 9. The constituent Assembly of Indian started functioning
2. Jawaharlal Nehru from: [CDS 2004]
3. Alladi Krishna swami Ayyar (a) 9th December, 1946 (b) 1st January, 1947
4. Sardar Patel (c) 26 the January, 1947 (d) 15th August, 1947
Codes 10. Who among the following had moved the Objective
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 4 Resolution which formed the basis of the preamble of the
constitution of India in the constituent Assembly 13th
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
December, 1946? [CDS 2008]
2. The nationalist demand for a constituent Assembly was for
(a) B R . Ambedkar (b) Rajendra Prasad
the first time conceded by the British Government, though
indirectly and with reservations in the (c) Sardar Vallabhbhai patel (d) Jawaharlal Nehru
(a) Cripps proposals (b) August offer 11. How many sessions of the Indian constituent Assembly
were conducted for the formulation of Indian constitution?
(c) Cabinet Mission plan
[UPPCS 2005]
(d) Act of 1935
(a) 7 (b) 11
3. Who was the head of the Drafting committee of the
constitution? (c) 12 (d) 15
[WBPCS 2007] 12. The constituent Assembly set up a Drafting committee
under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar on
(a) Sachidan and Sinha
[UPPCS 2008]
(b) BN Rao
(a) 13th December, 1946 (b) 22nd January, 1947
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) 3rd June, 1947 (d) 29th August, 1947
(d) B.R. Ambedkar
13. Who was the chairman of the provincial constitution
Committee of the constitution Assembly? [UPPSCS 2008]
4. Who among the following was the chairman of the Union
(a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (b) Pt Jawaharlal Nehru
constitution committee of the constituent Assembly?
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (d) Sardar Patel
[UPSC 2005]
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14. Who proposed the preamble before the Drafting committee 1. The members of the constituent assembly were chosen
of the constitution? [UKPCS 2006] on the basis of the Provincial election of 1946.
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) BR Ambedkar 2. The constituent assembly did not include representatives
(c) BN Rau (d) Mahatma Gandhi of the princely state.
15. In which year did the parliament adopt Indian constitution? 3. The discussion within the constituent assembly were not
influenced by opinions expressed by the public.
[MPPCS 2010]
4. In order to create a sense of collective participation,
(a) 1947 (b) 1949
submissions were solicited from the public.
(c) 1950 (d) 1952
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
16. Find correct match
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
Constitutional Amendment
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
Amendment in Schedule
21. Who among the following was/were not part of the
(a) 1st Amendment → 9th Schedule constituent Assembly
(b) 6th Amendment → 5th Schedule 1. Gopinath Bordoli 2. Mahtma Gandhi
(c) 110th Amendment→ 1st Schedule 3. MN Roy 4. MA Jinnah
(d) 21st Amendment → 7th Schedule 5. KM Munshi
17. From the following languages listed in the Eighth Schedule Choose the correct option
of the constitution pick out of the one which is official
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2
language of a state [SSC (Grad) 2002]
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All of these
(a) Kashmiri (b) Urdu
22. Which of the following items is wrongly matched?
(c) Sindhi (d) Nepali
(a) 9th December, 1947: Constituent Assembly’s first
18. Consider the following statements regarding Constituent
meeting
Assembly functions
(b) 26th November, 1949: The people of India adopted,
1. It ratified the India’s membership of the commonwealth
enacted and gave to themselves the Constituent
in May 1949.
(c) 24th January, 1950: Constitution finally signed members
2. It adopted the National Flag on 22nd July, 1947
of the constitution Assembly
3. It adopted the National Anthem on 24th January, 1950.
(d) 26th January, 1950: The Date commencement of the
4. It adopted the National Song on 2th January, 1950. constitution
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 23. The number of members included in the constitution
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3 drafting committee was
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (a) Seven (b) nine
19. Match the following (c) eleven (d) thirteen
List I List II 24. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Chairman of the 1. Lord Mountbatten (a) The Constituent Assembly of India was erected by the
Drafting Committee provincial assemblies in the year 1946

B. First Prime Minister of 2. Dr Rajendra Prasad (b) Jawahar Lal Nehru, MA Jinnah and Sardar Vallabhbhai
Patel were members of the Constituent Assembly of India
India
(c) The first session of the Constituent Assembly of India
C. Member of the 3. Dr BR Ambedkar
was held in January, 1947
Assembly
(d) The constituent of India was adopted on 26th January,
D. Last British Governor 4. Pandit JL Nehru 1950
General 25. Match the following
E. President of the 5. Dr KM Munshi List I List II
Constituent Assembly (Chairman) (Committee) A. KM Munshi 1. Union Powers
F. Legal Advisor of the Constituent Assembly Committee
Codes B. Rajendra Prasad 2. Drafting Committee
(a) 1-D, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B, 5F C. Jawaharlal Nehru 3. Business Committee
(b) 1-D, 2-E, 3-F, 4-B, 5-A D. BR Ambedkar 4. Steering Committee
(c) 1-D, 2-E, 3-A, 4-B, 5-C Codes
(d) 1-D, 2-C, 3-F, 4-B, 5-A ABCD ABCD
20. Which of the following statements about the formation of (a) 3 4 1 2 (b) 3 4 2 1
the Constitution Assembly is/are correct?

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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (c) The constitution of India as formed by the constituent
Assembly was finally adopted in 26th November 1949 and
Apply in 26 January 1950.
2. (c) B.N. Rau was the justice in the international court. He
prepared the first draft of the Indian constitution. Members
of Constituent Assembly were elected B.N Rau As advisor to
the constituent Assembly.
3. (c) According to cabinet mission’s Recommendations to
make Interim government (1946) pt. Jawharlal Nehru was
made the head of the govt. and finance minister was made
to Liaquat Ali Khan.
4. (c) According to the cabinet mission 1946 total members of
constitution assembly were 389 who elected by the
legislatures of provinces and nominated by the Rulers of
the princely states.
5. (c) Cabinet mission Plan, 1946: 3 membered commission
Published plan on May 16, 1946.
6. (c ) The Indian constitution completed on 26 January 1950
over 2 year, 11 months & 18 days.Taken from 60 countries
and 64 lakh Rupee expenditure done on it.
7. (c) Deferment of Adult franchise for fifteen years was
advocated in constituent Assembly by maulana Azad.
8. (a) 2 years 11 month and 18 days taken by constituent
assembly to produce the constitution.
9. (b) Citizenship, Fundamental Rights, DPSP, and Emergency
provisions are deals with part 2, 3, 4, and 18 respectively.
10 (b) The Constituent Assembly was constituted in November
1946 under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Mission
Plan. Simon Commission was a group of 7 British Members
of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon it
arrived in British India in 1928 to study constitutional
reforms. The Nehru Committee Report of 10 August 1928
was a memorandum outlining a proposed new dominion
status for the constitution for India.
11. (a) Rules of Procedure Committee – Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Credentials Committee – Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
Steering committee – dr. Rajendra prasad
draft committee – Dr. ambedkar
12. (c) Minorities Sub-Committee – H.C. Mukherjee
Union power committee – JL Nehru
Provincial Constitution Committee – Sardar Patel
13. (a) The demand was finally accepted in principle by the
British Government in what is known as the ‘August Offer’
of 1940. In 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the
cabinet, came to India with a draft proposal of the British
Government on the framing of an independent Constitution
but it was rejected by the Muslim League Cabinet mission
1946 accepted by the Muslim league and it became the base
of the constituent assembly.
14. (d) The chief commissioners’ provinces include Delhi,
Ajmer–Merwara, Coorg and British Baluchistan.
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15. (b) The total strength of the Constituent Assembly was to
be 389. Out Of these, 296 seats were to be allotted to
British India and 93 seats to the Princely States. The
Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on December 9,
1946. Muslim League boycotted the meeting and insisted
on a separate state of Pakistan. The meeting was thus
attended by only 211 members.
16. (d) The elections to the Constituent Assembly (for 296
seats allotted to the British Indian Provinces) were held in
July–August 1946. The Indian National Congress won 208
seats, the Muslim League 73 seats, and the small groups
and independents got the remaining 15 seats. 211
members attended the first meeting.
17. (c) H.C. Mukherjee and V.T. Krishnamachari were elected
as the Vice-Presidents of the Assembly. In other words, the
Assembly had two Vice-Presidents.
18. (c) On December 13, 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru moved the
historic ‘Objectives Resolution’ in the Assembly. It laid
down the fundamentals and philosophy of the
constitutional structure. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first
president of India. And Moti lal Nehru was the president of
famous Nehru report of 1928. Sardar Patel was the first
home minister of independent India.
19 (b) Committee on the Functions of the Constituent
Assembly – G.V. Mavalankar
Linguistic Provinces Commission – S.K. Dar (Not an
Assembly Member)
Press Gallery Committee – Usha Nath Sen
Ad-hoc Committee on Citizenship – S. Varadachari
20. (c) The Constitution as adopted on November 26, 1949,
contained Preamble, 395 Articles and 8 Schedules. At
present the constitution has a preamble and 448 articles,
which are grouped into 25 parts. With 12 schedules and
five appendices, it has been amended 103 times; the latest
amendment became effective on 14 January 2019.
21. (b) Dr B R Ambedkar, the then Law Minister, piloted the
Draft Constitution in the Assembly. He is recognised as the
‘Father of the Constitution of India’. This brilliant writer,
constitutional expert, undisputed leader of the scheduled
castes and the ‘chief architect of the Constitution of India’ is
also known as a ‘Modern Manu’.
22. (c) Elephant was adopted as the symbol (seal) of the
Constituent Assembly
23. (a) Sir B.N. Rau was appointed as the constitutional advisor
(Legal advisor) to the Constituent Assembly. And H.V.R.
Iyengar was the Secretary to the Constituent Assembly. S.N.
Mukerjee was the chief draftsman of the constitution in the
Constituent Assembly. Prem Behari Narain Raizada was the
calligrapher of the Indian Constitution.
24. (b) The Constitution as adopted on November 26, 1949,
contained Preamble, 395 Articles and 8 Schedules. At
present the constitution has a preamble and 448 articles,
which are grouped into 25 parts with 12 schedules.
25. (c)
Part Articles Subject
I 1 to 4 the union and its territory
II 5 to 11 Citizenship
III 12 to 35 Fundamental Rights
IV 36 to 51 Directive Principles of state polices
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13. (d)
Level - 2 Chairman Committee.
1. (c) It was set–up on 29 August 1947. It consisted 7 Sardar Patel Provincial constitution committee
members. They were:
Dr. Rajendra prasad Steering, States, Rules of
1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Chairman) Procedure committee.
2. N. Gopala Swamy Ayyanger
3. Alladi Krishna Swamy Ayyer
14. (a) Jawahar Lal Nehru Proposed the preamble before the
4. Dr. k.M. Munshi drafting committee. of the constitution.
5. Syed Mohammad Saadullah. B.N Rao – Constitutional Adviser.
6. N Madhava Rao (He Replaced By B.L. Mitter) B.R. Ambedkar – Drafting committee (Chairman)
7.T.T. Krishnamachari (He Replaced By D.P. Khaitan) Mahatma Gandhi - Not the part of constituent Assembly.
2. (b) August offer: made by viceroy of India lord linlithgow
on 8 Aug 1940.
15. (b) The Constitution was adopted on 26 Nov.1949.
Cripps mission – 1942 Proposed framing of an Independent Contained a preamble, 395 articles & 8 schedules.
constitution adopted after world war – II.
Cabinet mission – 16 may 1946: to transfer power to
16. (a)
Indians.
Constitutional Amendment in
3. (d) Drafting committee consisted 7 members and B.R.
Ambedker was its head. Amendment Schedule.

4. (c) 1st 9th

Person Chairman 6th 1st

Jawahar Lal Nehru Union constitution committee, 110th 11th

union power committee. 21st 8th
B.R. Ambedkar Drafting committee.
J.B. Kripalani Fundamental Rights 17. (b) Eights Schedule: 22 languages recognized by
subcommittee. constitution under Article 344 & 351. They are: Assamese,
5. (c) Constituent Assembly formulated by cabinet mission Bengali, Bode, dogri, Gujrati, Hindi, Kannda, Kashmiri.
plan in Nov. 1946. Its members were indirectly elected by Konkani, Maithili, Malyalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali,
the provincial assemblies. Odisi, punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu &
Urdu. Urdu is state language of J & K.
6. (b) Preamble: Contains real objective and philosophy of the
constitution makers. Secular, socialist, Integrity these 3 18. (d) Commonwealth is a political association of 53 member
words were added in preamble by 42nd constitutional states, nearly all of them former territories of the British
Amendment act - 1976. Empire. India ratified its membership in May 1949.

7. (b) Cabinet mission plan was the basis for constituting the
constituent assembly of India. Strength of constituent
Assembly was 389 members.
8. (b) Dr. Sachinda nanda sinha the eldest member was
presided over the first meeting of the Indian constituent
assembly. Dr. Rajendra prasad was elected as president
After S.P. Sinha in second meeting of constituent assembly.
9. (a) On 9th Dec. 1946, 211 members attended first meeting
of constituent assembly, which presided by S.P. Sinha.
10. (d) On Dec 13, 1946, J.L. Nehru moved historic “objectives
Resolution” in the Assembly which laid the fundamentals
and philosophy of the constitutional structure. Resolution
was adopted by Assembly on January 22, 1947.
11. (b) The constituent Assembly had 11 sessions over two
years, 11 month and 18 days.
12. (d) Drafting committee was constituted on 29 August, 1947
with 7 member headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
It adopted the national flag on July 22, 1947, and national
anthem, the national song on January 24, 1950. It elected
Dr Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India on
January 24, 1950.
19. (c) Dr. B R Ambedkar was the chairman of the Drafting
committee, it had 7 members and K M Munshi was one of
them. B N Rau was the constitutional advisor, while Lord
Mountbatten was the last British governor, Dr. Rajendra
prasad was the president of the constituent assembly and
Pt. jawahar lal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of
independent India.
20. (d) 93 seats were allocated to the princely states in the
constituent assembly and these representatives of the
princely states would be nominated by the heads of the
concerned princely state. But after the partition these seat
reduced to 70. Every decision of the constituent assembly is
influenced by the people of India, and member is elected
from the provincial legislative assemblies on the basis of
1946 election.

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21. (c) Constituent assembly consist 389 members. Out of
these, 296 seats were to be allotted to British India and 93
seats to the Princely States. Mahatma Gandhi, M N Roy And
MA Jinnah was not the part of the constituent assembly.

22. (a) The Constituent Assembly held its first session from
December 9 to 23, 1946. The Muslim League boycotted it
and it was attended by only 211 members. Dr.
Sachchidanand Sinha, was elected as the temporary
President.
On the 26th November, 1949 we adopted, enacted, and gave
our self to the constitution while at 26th January, 1950 is
the date of the commencement of the constitution.
23. (a) It was set–up on 29 August 1947. It consisted 7
members. They were:
1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Chairman)
2. N. Gopala Swamy Ayyanger
3. Alladi Krishna Swamy Ayyer 4. Dr. k.m. Munshi
5. Syed Mohammad Saadullah. 6. N Madhava Rao (He
Replaced By B.L. Mitter)
7. T.T. Krishnamachari (He Replaced By D.P. Khaitan)
24. (a) The constituent assembly was elected from the
provincial assemblies in 1946. MA Jinnah and Mahatma
Gandhi were not the part of the assembly. The Constituent
Assembly held its first meeting on December 9, 1946. And
constitution was adopted and Enacted on 26th November
1949.
25. (a) Chairman Committee
KM Munshi Business committee
Rajendra Prasad Steering Committee
JL Nehru Union power committee
BR Ambedkar Drafting Committee

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Chapter –3
Salient Features of Indian Constitution

• Preamble of Indian constitution • Importance of preamble

The preamble of constitution is based on the objective motions,
drafted and move by Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 th December
1946 and Passed by the constitution Assembly.
• Preamble: - We the people of India, having solemnly resolved
to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST, SECULAR,
DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
Justice social, economic and Political,
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief faith and worship
EQUALITY of status, opportunity and to promote among them all.
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity
and Integrity of the nation:
In our constituent Assembly this 26th day of November 1949 do
HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT and GIVE To OURSELVES THIS
CONSTITUTION
As observed by the supreme court of India, the preamble is
a key to unravel the minds of the makers of the
constitution.
It has been amended only one by the 42nd constitution
Amendment Act 1976 which added three new words
“socialist”, “secular” and “Integrity”.
• Written and Voluminous constitution: - India
constitution is a written constitution which has been
drafted after aprolonged process of discussion by the
constituent Assembly. In original constitution there were
365 Article, 8 schedules, 22 parts and a preamble. Many
changes have been done through various Amendments in
constitution.
• Drawn From Various Sources: - the constitution
Assembly of India drew many Feature from various
constitution of the world. Almost 75% of the features has
been taken from the Government of India Act 1935.

• Elements of Preamble
(1) We the people of India= Emphasizes that people of India
are not given constitution made by to them by any outside
power.
Dr. Ambedkar rightly claimed that India constitution has
been prepared after ransacking all the constitutions of the
world.
• Sources of the constitution

(2) Sovereign= India is internally and externally sovereign – Sources Features

Externally free from the control of any Foreign power and U.S.A. Preamble, Fundamental Rights, president
Internally, It has a free government which is directly Constitution as a Executive Head, and supreme
elected by public. commander of Armed Forced,
(3) Socialist= “Socialism is an economic philosophy where Impeachment of the president, vice
means of Production and distribution are owned by the president as a Ex- officio chairman of Upper
state. India adopted mixed economy. House, Independent Judiciary, Judicial
Review, Removal of supreme court and
(4) Secular= the state will have no religion of its own and all
High court Judges.
persons will be equally entitled to the Freedom of
conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and British Parliamentary system, Rule of law, law
propagate the religion of their choice. constitution making procedure, CAG (comptroller
(5) Democratic= Indicates that the Governmentwhich gets its Auditor General) , Single citizenship,
authority from the will of the people. Cabinet system, Bicameralism,
Parliamentary Privileges.
(6) Republic= the head of state is elected directly or Indirectly
by public for a fixed tenure. The president of India is Australian Freedom to trade, commerce and
elected by public. constitution Intercourse, Concurrent list, Joint sitting of
the two Houses of Parliament.
(7) Justice= Social, Economic and political.
Canadian Federation with a strong center, Division of
(8) Unity and Integrity= this word was added by 42
constitution Power, vesting of Residuary power with the
constitution Amendment in 1976 for the national unity.
center, Appointment of Governor by the
• Date of its adoption= 26 November 1949,But most of the center, Advisory jurisdiction of the S.C.
articles in constitution came into force on January 26th
Ireland Directive principal of state policy.
1950.
constitution
Note: 26 January was selected for this purpose because it
was this day in 1930 when the Declaration of India Russia Fundamental duties
Independence (purna swaraj) was proclaimed by the constitution
national congress.

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• Parliamentary Democracy
Our constitution has adopted parliamentary System of
LEVEL - 1
Democracy. There is a close Relationship between the 1. The constitution is declared to have been adopted and
legislature and the Executive, the council of ministers is enacted by the
selected by the legislature. Any person who is not a (a) Constituent Assembly (b) People of India
Member of Parliament must have to be a member within 6 (c) Indian Parliament (d) British Parliament
months of being sworn in as minister in the Government.
2. Where was the first parliamentary form of Government
The council of ministers is collectively responsible to the
formed?
legislature.
(a) Britain (b) Belgium
In this form of Democracy the president is the head of the
state constitutionally. He has number of power, but in (c) France (d) Switzerland
practice the council of ministers, headed by the Prime 3. the most essential feature of the parliamentary form of
Minister, Rally Exercises these powers. Government is the
The Indian Parliamentary system is based on the British (a) Sovereignty of the parliament
model. (b) Written constitution
Federal Features= both union and state are enjoying (c) Accountability of the executive to the legislature
powers clearly demarcated by the constitution. The (d) Independent judiciary
constitution of India does not use the term ‘Federal state”.
4. Which one of the following is basic feature of the president
It says that India is a union of states. It means that the Government?
Indian Federation is not the result of any Agreement among
(a) Rigid Constitution
the units and the units cannot secede from it. Seventh
schedule provides the division of subjects into three lists (b) Single Executive
namely (c) Supremacy of the Legislature
(i) The Union list (100 items) (ii) The state list. (61 items) (d) Residual powers of the states
(iii) The concurrent list – (52 items) 5. The constitution of India is republic because it [CDS 2012]
(a) Provides for an elected Parliament
• Unitary Features = it has many unitary features also, (b) Provides for adult franchise
single citizenship, power of Parliament to change the (c) Contains a bill of rights
territorial Extent of state without state concerned. Single
(d) Has no hereditary elements
constitution the president can declared Emergency, The
6. The word ‘secular’ was inserted into constitution of India by
residuary powers are with the center, Judges are appointed
by the president (a) 44th Amendment Act (b) 52nd Amendment Act
• Rigid and Flexible constitution (c) 42nd Amendment Act (d) 34th Amendment Act
Article 368 provides two units of Amendments
1. Amendment with special majority (two third majority of 7. The concept of Judicial Review in our constitution has been
members of each House) Present voting a majority of more taken from the constitution of [SSC Grad 2006]
the 50% of total membership of each House and ratification (a) England (b) USA
by 50% of states. (c) Canada (d) Australia
2. Amendment with simple majority = some provision of the 8. The Federal system with strong Centre’ has been borrowed
constitution can amend by simple majority. by the Indian constitution from [SSC 2008]
This Amendment do not come under Article = 368. (a) USA (b) Canada
Three–tierGovernment: Originally the Indian constitution (c) UK (d) France
provided two – tier Government though Article 40 9. The office of Lokpal and Lokayukta in India is based on
mentions organizations of village panchayat. which one of the following? [CDS 2007]
By the Amendment 73rd and 74th Act 1992 three tier (a) Parliamentary Commissioner of UK
Government was given constitution Recognition. (b) Ombudsmen in Scandinavia
Note: Part IX and IX A was added by 73rd and 74rd (c) Procurator General of Russia
Amendment in 1993 and also added Eleventh and Twelfth (d) Council of State in France
Schedules
10. Which of the following was the biggest source for the
constitution of India?
(a) The Government of India Act, 1919
(b) The Government of India Act, 1935
(c) The Indian Independence Act, 1947
(d) None of these above

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11. Which constitution has inspired the Indian concepts of Rule (d) A part of the Constitution and it confers powers and
of law, Parliamentary system and law – making procedure? imposes duties as any other provisions of the Constitution.
(a) US Constitution (b) British Constitution
(c) Canadian Constitution (d) All of the above 19. The term "economic justice" in the Preamble to the
Constitution of Indian, is a resolution for:
12. Which one of the following determines that the Indian (a) Equal distribution of wealth.
constitution is federal? (b) Economy in the administration of justice.
(a) A written and rigid constitution (c) Socio-economic revolution.
(b) An Independent Judiciary (d) Cheap justice to the poor.
(c) Vesting of Residuary Powers within center
(d) Distribution of powers between center and the states. 20. Which of the following terms was not included in a 'Union
of Trinity' by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in his concluding speech in
the Constituent Assembly?
13. Where was the concept of written constitution, first born?
(a) Liberty
(a) France (b) USA
(b) Flexibility
(c) Britain (d) Switzerland
(c) Equality
(d) Fraternity
14. Which part constitution reflects the mind and ideals of the
framers?
(a) Preamble 21. The words "Socialist" and "Secular" were inserted in the
Preamble by the:
(b) Fundamental Rights
(a) Fifteenth Amendment
(c) Directive Principles
(b) Thirty – ninth Amendment
(d) Emergency Provisions
(c) Forty-second Amendment
(d) Forty – fourth Amendment
15. At the time of enactment of the constitution, which one of
the following ideals was not included in the preamble?
(a) Liberty (b) Equality 22. The sequence in which the given terms are mentioned in
the Preamble to the Constitution of India is:
(c) Socialist (d) Justice
(a) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
(b) Socialist, Secular, Sovereign, Democratic, Republic
16. Which Amendment Act introduced changes in the preamble
to the Indian Constitution? (c) Secular, Sovereign, Democratic, Socialist, Republic
[SSC (Grad) 2006] (d) Sovereign, Democratic, Secular, Socialist, Republic
(a) The 38th Amendment Act, 1975
(b) The 40th Amendment Act, 1976 23. The Preamble to the Constitution of India:
(c) The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 (a) Is not a part of the Constitution
(d) The 44th Amendment Act, 1979 (b) Indicates the objectives to be achieved.
(c) Cannot the amended by the Parliament.
17. Which one of the following correctly explains the meaning (d) Is a source of authority of the Constitution of India.
of ‘Socialist’ in the preamble?
(a) Nationalization of all means of productions 24. The idea of preamble has been borrowed in Indian
(b) Abolition of private property constitution from the constitution of [UPPSC 2014]
(c) Socialistic pattern of society (a) Italy (b) Canada
(d) Eradication of exploitation and vested interest (c) France (d) USA
25. The post of CAG was taken from which of the following
country?
18. The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is:
(a) Japan (b) Britain
(a) Not a part of the Constitution.
(c) USA (d) Canada
(b) A part of the Constitution but it neither confers any
powers nor imposes any duties nor can it be of any use in
interpreting other provisions of the Constitution.
(c) A part of the Constitution and can be of use in
interpreting other provisions of the Constitution in cases of
ambiguity.

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9. Which of the following features does the Indian
LEVEL - 2 Constitution borrow from the Weimar constitution of
1. The Presidential Government operates on the principal of Germany?

[SSC (Grad) 2004] (a) The idea of a federation with a strong Centre

(a) Division of powers between center and states (b) The method of presidential elections

(b) Centralization of powers (c) The emergency powers

(c) Balance of powers (d) Provision concerning the suspension of Fundamental

Right during National Emergency
(d) Separation of powers
10. Which article of the Indian constitution did Dr. BR
2. In the SR Bommai Vs Union of India case, which one among
Ambedkar term as the ‘Heart and Soul of the Indian
the following features of the constitution of India was
constitution?
upheld by the Supreme Court as a basic structure?
(a) Article 19 (b) Article 356
[CDS 2013]
(c) Article 32 (d) Article 14
(a) Liberalism (b) Secularism
11. Article 368 of the constitution of India deals with
(c) Dignity of the human person
[NDA 2015]
(d) Freedom of religion
(a) The powers of the parliament of India to amend the
3. The basic features of the Indian constitution which are not
constitution
amendable under Article 368 are. [SSC 2007]
(b) Financial emergency
(a) Sovereignty, territorial integrity, federal system and
Judicial review (c) Reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled
tribes in the Lok Sabha.
(b) Sovereignty, territorial integrity and parliamentary
system of government (d) Official language of the union of India.

(c) Judicial review and the federal system 12. The Indian constitution establishes a secular State. it means

(d) Sovereignty, territorial integrity, federal system, judicial 1. The state treats all religions equally.
review and parliamentary system of government 2. Freedom of faith and worship is allowed to all the
4. The Unitary system of Government possesses which of the people.
following advantages? [SSC 2007] 3. Educational institutions, without exception, are free to
(a) Greater adaptability (b) Strong center impart religious instruction.

(c) Greater Participation by the people 4. The state makes no discrimination on the basis of the
religion in matters of employment
(d) Lesser chances of authoritarianism
Codes
5. According to the Constitution of India, which of the
following are fundamental for the governance of the (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4
country? [UPSC 2013] (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
(a) Fundamental Rights (b) Fundamental Duties 13. The Preamble of our Constitution reads India as [SSC 2008]
(c) Directive Principles of State policy (a) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic
(d) Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties (b) Sovereign, Democratic, Socialist, secular Republic
6. Which of the following was taken from the constitution of (c) Socialist, Sovereign, Democratic, Secular Republic
USA? (d) Democratic, Sovereign, Secular, socialist Republic
(a) Fundamental rights (b) Judicial review 14. Consider the following words
(c) Removal of Supreme Court and High Court Judges 1. Socialist 2. Democratic
(d) all of them 3. Sovereign 4. Secular
7. Which of the following is taken from the constitution of Choose the response that gives the correct order in which
USA? [UPSC 2013] these words occur in the preamble.
(a) Fundamental Rights (b) Fundamental Duties (a) 3,1,4,2 (b) 3,4,1,2
(c) Directive Principles of State policy (c) 3,4,2,1 (d) 4,1,3,2
(d) Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties 15. The Constitution of India borrowed the scheme of
8. What is Gandhi’s definition of ‘Ram Raj’? [SSC 2010] Federation from the constitution of [UPPCS 2008]
(a) Sovereignty of the people based on pure moral (a) USA (b) Canada
authority (c) United Kingdom (d) Ireland
(b) The rule as it was during the time of Rama 16. The preamble of the India constitution adopted on 26th
(c) The greatest good of all November, 1949 did not include the terms
(d) The absolute power concentrated in the hands of a king 1. Socialist 2. Secular
3. Integrity 4. Republic

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Codes 24. By which case, the Supreme Court specifically opinion that
(a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 2,3 and 4 Preamble is not a part of the Constitution?
(c) 1,2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4 (a) Berubari Union case (1960) (b) Keshwanand Bharati
case (1973) (c) Both A & B
17. Consider the following statements about the preamble of
the constitution (d) None of the above
1. The objective resolution proposed by Pt. Nehru
ultimately became the preamble. 25. Which of the following liberties is sought to be secured to
2. It is not justifiable in nature. the citizens of India in the Preamble?
3. It cannot be amended. (a) Thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
4. It cannot override the specific provision of the (b) Thought, worship
constitution. (c) Expression, love, worship
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (d) None of these
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1,2 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
18. At which of its session, did the congress officially accept the
‘socialistic pattern of society’? [CDS 2008]
(a) Bombay session of 1953
(b) Avadi session of 1955
(c) Calcutta session of 1957
(d) Nagpur session of 1959
19. Which among the following is not a basic feature of the
Constitution of India ? [NDA 2015]
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Independence of Judiciary
(c) Federalism
(d) The unquestioned Right of Parliament to Amend any
part of constitution.
20. Which of the following countries enjoys a federal from of
government?
[SSC 2008]
(a) China (b) USA
(c) Cuba (d) Belgium
21. Which of the following futures their source is wrongly
matched?
(a) Judicial Review UK constitution
(b) Concurrent List Australia constitution
(c) Directive principles Irish constitution
(d) Fundamental Right USA constitution
22. Which of the following words in the preamble of the
constitution of India which was not inserted through the
constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976 ?
[SSC 2004]
(a) Socialist (b) Secular
(c) Dignity (d) Integrity

23. Which one of the following statements regarding the

preamble is correct?
(a) It is not enforceable in a court of law
(b) The Supreme Court has recently ruled that is not a part
of constitution
(c) It has been amended twice
(d) All the above are correct
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single citizenship, cabinet system, prerogative writs &
Solutions Bicameralism.

Level - 1
12. (d) Federal system: Distribution of power between center
1. (b) Constitution derives its authority from the people of & States. USA is a true federation while India is a federation
India, as per preamble. with unitary bias.

2. (a) First parliamentary form of Govt. Formed In Britain.
France - Republic with semi presidential system.
Belgium - Monarchial democracy.
Switzerland – Direct democracy with confederation.
13. (b) The concept of written constitution was born in USA.
Britain have unwritten constitution.
14. (a) Preamble is the Identity card of constitution which
reflects the vision & mind of Constituent Assembly.

3. (a) Parliamentary form of Govt. is Also known as

Westminster model of Govt. & cabinet Govt. India has an 15. (c) Socialist, secular & Integrity words were added by 42nd
elected head (Republic) while the British state has Constitutional amendment Act – 1976.
hereditary head (monarch)
16. (c) Socialist, secular & Integrity words were added by 42nd
4. (b) Parliamentary system Presidential system Constitutional amendment Act – 1976.
• Dual Executive single executive
• Majority party Rule President & legislative 17. (c) Socialist means “socialistic patter of society” taken from
• Double membership Single membership Avadi session of congress in 1955.

• Fusion of powers Separation of powers.

5. (d) Indian Constitution is Republic while British is
Monarchial Because Indian constitution has no hereditary
head but elected head.
6. (c) By 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act,1976, Secular,
socialist & Integrity these 3 words were added to preamble
of constitution.
7. (b) Features Borrowed from constitution of USA are:
fundamental rights, Independence of Judiciary, judicial
review, Impeachment of president, removal of SC & HC
Judges & post of vice – president.
18. (c) The preamble to the constitution of India is a brief
introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose,
principles and philosophy of the constitution.
19. “Economic Justice” in the preamble of constitution of India
Is an objective of India States.
20. (b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar gave the speech in Constituent
Assembly known as union of Trinity they include liberty,
Equality and Fraternity.
21. (c) By the 42th Constitution Amendment Act 1776 three
words socialist, secular and sovereign were inserted in the
preamble.

8. Features borrowed from Canadian constitution are: vesting

of residuary powers in the center, appointment of state 22. (a) Preamble: we the people of India, having solemnly
governors by the center, advisory jurisdiction of Supreme resolved to constitution India into a sovereign, SOCIALIST.
Court. SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and secure to all its
citizens:

9. (b) Lokpal&Lokaykta Post is taken from ombudsman In

Scandinavia.
Scandinavia countries are: Denmark, Norway & Sweden.
10. (b) Indian constitution is known as a carbon copy of the
1935 Act. Because it is the biggest source of constitution of
India.
11. (b) Features Borrowed from British constitution are
parliamentary govt., Rule of law, legislative procedure,
23. (b) The Preamble of constitution is based on the objective
motions, drafted and move by Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru on
13th December 1946 and Passed by the constitution
Assembly.
24. (d) Preamble has been taken from USA.
25. (b) The post of the CAG was taken from the British
constitution.

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LEVEL - 2
1. (d) The presidential Govt. operates on the principle of
separation of powers where the parliamentary system is
based on principle of co– operation & Co – ordination
between legislature & executive.
2. (a) S.R. Bommai Vs union of India case. Liberalism was
featured as basic structure Related to Article 356.
Secularism was added In Preamble by 42nd Constitute
Amendment Act – 1976.
3. (d) Article 368: power of parliament to amend the
constitution and procedure therefore. Sovereignty,
territorial integrity, federal system judicial review and
Parliamentary form of Govt. etc. Can’t be amended.
4. (b) Unitary system of Govt. possesses advantages of strong
center But India established Parliamentary system of Govt.
5. (c) Directive principles of state policy are non justifiable&
fundamental for the Governance of the country.
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10. (d) Article - 14: Equality before law & Equal projection of
law.
Article - 19: Protection of certain Rights Regarding
freedom of speech etc.
Article - 32: Right to constitutional remedies.
Article - 356 : Provisions In case of failure of constitutional
machinery in states (president’s Rule)
11. (a) Article 368: Power of Parliament to Amend the
constitution & Procedure therefore.
Article 360: financial emergency.
Article 330: Reservation of seats for SCs&STs.
Article 343: Official language of the union.
12. (d) All religions in our Country have the same status &
Support from the state.
13. (a) Important words In Constitution of India are as per
order SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR, DEMOCRTIC,
REPUBLIC, JUSTICE LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY,
&INTEGNITY

Fundamental Rights – These are justifiable under part III of

Indian constitution guaranteed six fundamental rights. 14. (a) Important words In Constitution of India are as per
• Fundamental duties: Added by 42nd constitution order SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR, DEMOCRTIC,
Amendment Act of 1976 Recommended by swarnsingh REPUBLIC, JUSTICE LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY,
committee &INTEGNITY

6. (d) The features are taken from the constitution of USA are 15. (a) Scheme of federation - USA.
preamble’s first line, President as executive head, Ireland – DPSP, nomination of members to Rajya Sabha.
Fundamental rights, Judicial review, and supreme court
and high court judges.
16. (a) Socialist, secular & Integrity were added by 42nd
constitutional Amendment Act – 1976.
7. (c) Features were taken from the constitution of USA:
first line of preamble, president as the executive head, 17. (b) Indian Preamble is based on objective Resolutions
fundamental rights, judges of supreme court an high court, drafted & moved by P.J. Nehru. it is not Justifiable but can
judicial review. Fundamental duties wee inserted by the be amended.
42nd constitutional amendment of 1976 after
recommendations of swarnsingh committee.
18. (b) Congress officially accepted socialistic pattern of
society In Avadh session of 1935s Presided by U. N. dhaber .
8. (a) DPSP are classified as socialistic, Gandhian and liberal –
Intellectual as per Gandhi sovereignty is vested in people of
India so power should be decentralized. 19. (b) Fundamental Rights, federalism, the unquestioned
Right of Parliament to Amend any part of constitution,
9. (d)
DPSP, secularism etc. are basic feature of constitution.
Sources Features borrowed
Weimar constitution Suspension of 20. (b) USA – federal Govt.
of Germany fundamental Rights
Cuba – Republic with presidential system
using emergency.
China – Republic with unitary state.
Canadian constitution Federation with strong
center. Belgium - Monarchial democracy system
Irish constitution method of election of
president 21. (a) Judicial Review: USA constitution
Govt. of India Act - Emergency power. Concurrent list: Australian constitution
1935 Directive principles: Irish constitution
Fundamental Rights: USA constitution

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22. (c) Article 368 in Part XX of the constitution deals with the
powers of parliament to amend the constitution and its
procedure by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 Socialist, secular
and Integrity these 3 words inserted In preamble.

23. (a) The preamble is the integral part of the constitution.

This interpretation was given by the
keshwanandbharticase 1973. And it is not enforceable in
the court of law till now it was amended once by the 42nd
constitutional amendment act of 1946.

24. (a) The Supreme Court in the Berubari Union case (1960)
held that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution.
However, it recognised that the Preamble could be used as
a guiding principle. Kesavanand Bharti case (1973) , the
Supreme Court over ruled its earlier decision and held that
the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and can be
amended under Article 368 of the Constitution

25. (a) WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved

to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of
thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of
status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the
unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do
HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS
CONSTITUTION.

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Chapter –4
Union and Its territories

Article 1 to 4 under part -1 of the constitution specifies the (c) Determine the powers, authority and responsibilities of
provisions related to the union and its territory. Panchayats
Article – 1 (d) Protect the interests of all the border states.
Name and territory of the Union 5. Which one of the following schedules of the Indian
India, that is Bharat, shall be a union of states. constitution, lists the names of states and specifies their
territories? [UPSC 2003]
• The states and the territories there of shall be as specified
in the first schedule. (a) 1st (b) 2nd

• The territory of India shall comprise (c) 3rd (d) 4th

(i) The territories of the states. 6. The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains
provisions for the administration of tribal areas. Which of
(ii) The union territories specified in the first schedule:
the following states is not covered under this schedule?
(iii) Such other territories as may be acquired.
[CDS 2015]
Article-2: Admission or establishment of new states.
(a) Assam (b) Manipur
Article – 2 Therefore, Authorizes Parliament to Admit new state
(c) Meghalayah (d) Tripura
in the union and establish new states,
7. The 84thAmendment Act has frozen the total number of
Article-2A: Sikkim to be associate with the union.
existing seats in the Lok Sabha on the basis of 1971 Census.
Note: 35th Amendment Act 1974 which inserted New Article 2A The shall remain unaltered till the first census to be taken
by which Sikkim become an associate state of India and union after the year
Parliament made 36 Amendment Act 1975 and Sikkim become
(a) 2010 (b) 2015
22nd state of Union.
(c) 2021 (d) 2026
Articel-3: Formation of new states and Alteration of areas,
boundaries or names of Existing states. 8. Which of the following Constitutional Amendment Acts
provides a special status to the Union Territory of Delhi and
Article-4: Law made under Article-2 and 3- to provide for the
redesigned it National Capital Territory of Delhi?
Amendment of the First and Fourth schedules and supplement,
Incidents and consequential matters. (a) 59th Amendment Act (b) 62nd Amendment Act
(c) 67th Amendment Act (d) 69th Amendment Act
9. Who/which of the following can put a union territory
LEVEL - 1 under the Jurisdiction of the high court of adjacent state?

1. The boundary of a state in India can be altered through the (a) President of India (b) Chief Justice of India
procedure laid down in: (c) Parliament of India (d) Administrator of the
(a) Article 368 (b) Article 130 concerned union territory

(c) Article 70 (d) Article 3 10. Which of the following union territories has a high court of
its own?
2. The parliament of India passed the states Reorganization
Act in 1956 to create: (a) Puducherry (b) Chandigarh

(a) 16 states and 3 Union Territories (c) Delhi (d) Lakshadweep

(b) 15 states and 5 Union Territories 11. In the case of Puducherry, the president of India can
legislate by making regulations only:
(c) 14 States and 6 Union Territories
(a) When the Parliament passes a resolution to that effect
(d) 24 States and 9 Union Territories
(b) When the Assembly passes a resolution to that effect
3. Sikkim was made an integral part of India under the
(c) When the Assembly is suspended or dissolved
(a) 36th Amendment (b) 39th Amendment
(d) When the Lt. Governor requests him do so
(c) 40th Amendment (d) 42nd Amendment
12. Who/which of the following is empowered to declare an
4. The provisions in Fifth Schedule and Sixth Schedule in the
area to be a scheduled area?
Constitution of India are made in order to [UPSC 2015]
(a) Governor of the State
(a) Protect the interests of Scheduled Tribes
(b) Legislative Assembly of the State
(b) Determine the boundaries between state
(c) Parliament of India (d) President of India

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13. Sixth schedule to the Constitution of India makes special 24. The temporary, transitional and special provision
administrative Provision in regard to the tribal area in: mentioned in Part XXI of the Constitution of India relate to
(a) Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram Which State (s)?

(b) Meghalaya, Assam, Nagaland and Manipur 1. Jammu & Kashmir 2. Nagaland

(c) Tripura, Manipur, Mizoram and Meghalaya 3. Assam 4. Andhra Pradesh

(d) Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Assam and Tripura Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

14. What is the maximum number of members in a Tribes (a) Only 1 (b) 3 and 4
Advisory Council? (c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 1,2 3 and 4
(a) 20 members (b) 25 members 25. 14 states and 6 union territories were made through which
(c) 28 members (d) 34 members state reorganization act?

15. Which Article of the Constitution of India envisages a (a) State reorganisation act, 1956
special system of administration for scheduled areas and (b) State reorganisation act, 1972
tribal areas? (c) State reorganasation act 1980
(a) Article 242 (b) Article 244 (d) None of them
(c) Article 246 (d) Article 248
16. Which schedule of the constitution of India deals with the
administration and control of scheduled areas and schedule LEVEL - 2
tribes?
1. The Union of India consists of
(a) Fourth Schedule (b) Fifth Schedule
1. States
(c) Sixth Schedule (d) Seventh Schedule
2. Union Territories
17. How many members of a district council are nominated by 3. Acquired Territories
the Governor of the State?
Codes
(a) 2 members (b) 4 members
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) 5 members (d) 7 members
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
18. Originally, the head of the state in Jammu & Kashmir was
2. Which of the following was ceded by the French to India?
designated as:
(a) Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(a) Sadar –i-Azam (b) Sadar-i-Riyasat
(b) Daman and Diu
(c) Wazir-i-Riyasat (d) Wazir-i-Azam
(c) Karaikal and Mahe
19. Which part of the constitution of India grants a special
(d) None of these above
status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir?
3. Andhra Pradesh was created as a linguistic state in
(a) Part XX (b) Part XXI
(a) 1950 (b) 1953
(c) Part XXII (d) Part XIX
(c) 1956 (d) 1961
20. In India, there is a single constitution for the Union and the
4. The Constitution of India describe India as
states with the exception of:
[SSC (Grad) 2000]
(a) Sikkim (b) Jammu & Kashmir
(a) a federation of States and union Territories
(c) Nagaland (d) Tamil Nadu
(b) a Union of States
21. The Constitution of Jammu & Kashmir came into force on:
(c) Bharatvarsh
(a) January 26, 1950 (b) January 26,1952
(d) a federated nation
(c) January 26, 1955 (d) January 26, 1957
5. Which Commission made the recommendations which
22. With respect to the state of Jammu & Kashmir, the Article formed the basis for the Punjab Reorganization Act, which
370 of the Constitution of India contains: created the states Punjab and Haryana?
(a) Special provisions (b) Transitional provisions [SSC (Grad) 2002]
(c) Temporary Provisions (d)k Emergency provisions (a) Dhar Commission (b) Das Commission
23. Who/ which of the following can extend (with restrictions (c) Shah Commission (d) Mahajan Commission
or modifications) to Sikkim any law which is in force in a
6. Consider the following statements [CDS 2012]
state of the Union?
1. In India only two union Territories have Legislative
(a) Parliament of India (b) President of India Assemblies.
(c) Governor of Sikkim 2. Mizoram, Nagaland and Meghalaya, the three North-
(d) Legislative Assembly of Sikkim Eastern States of India, have only one seat each in the Lok
Sabha.

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Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 15. Which of the following are the special provisions are given
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 to Sikkim?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. The president can extend any law, which is in force in
any state to Sikkim.
7. The old name of which State/Union Territory is wrongly
given? 2. Under their special provision legislative assembly of
Sikkim consist of 30 members.
(a) Karnataka : Mysore
(a) only 1 (b)only 2
(b) Tamil Nadu : Madras
(c) Both 1 and2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Lakshadweep : Laccadive, Minicoy
16. Which of the following Union Territories send their
And Amindivi Islands
members to Rajya Sabha?
(d) Meghalaya : Eastern Hill Province
1. Chandigarh 2. Delhi
8. Among the following State which one was formed last?
3. Lakshadweep 4. Puducherry
[CDS 2006]
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Gujarat
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
(c) Karnataka (d) Punjab
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
9. What is the correct chronological order in which the
following State of the India Union were created or granted 17. The 6thSchedule of Constitution deals with the
full statehood? [CDS 2007] administration of the tribal areas of
1. Assam 2. Nagaland
1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Maharashtra
3. Manipur 4. Meghalaya
3. Nagaland 4. Haryana
5. Tripura 6. Mizoram
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Choose the correct option
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 2, 1, 3, 4
(a) 1 2 3 (b) 1 3 5 6
(c) 1, 2, 4, 3 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
(c) 1 4 5 6 (d) All of these
10. By which one of the following Constitutional Amendments
Delhi has become National Capital Region (NCP)? 18. The Tribal areas of Mizoram doesn’t include
(a) 61st Amendment (b) 69th Amendment (a) Karbi Anglong district (b) Chakma district
(c) 71st Amendment (d) 79th Amendment (c) Mara district (d) Lai district
11. The following states were created after 1960. Arrange them 19. Which part of the constitution is concerned with the
in ascending chronological order of their formation and administration of union territories?
choose your answer from the given codes (a) Part VI (b) Part VIII
1. Haryana 2. Sikkim (c) Part VII (d) Part V
3. Nagaland 4. Meghalaya 20. Consider the following statements
Codes The creation of a new State in India from an existing State
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 3 4 1 involves the consent of the [CDS 2000]
(c) 3 1 4 2 (d) 2 4 1 3 1. Supreme Court.
12. The power to curve out a new State is vested in 2. Legislature of the State concerned.
(a) the parliament (b) the president 3. President
(c) the Council of Ministers 4. Parliament.
(d) State’s Reorganization Commission Codes
13. In which of the following countries are the judges of the (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
federal court election by the two houses of the Federal (c) 1 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
legislature? [SSC (CGL) 2014] 21. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Switzerland (b) Germany State Year of Creation
(c) Canada (d) Both a and b (a) Puducherry : 1968
14. Consider the following statements (b) Sikkim : 1975
1. Jammu and Kashmir is the only state in the India Union (c) Mizoram : 1987
which has its own separate constitution.
(d) Tripura : 1972
2. It declared Persian as the official language of the State.
22. According to Article 1, the territory of India consists of
Codes
(a) Territories of the states
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(b) Union Territories
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Territories that may be acquired by the government
(d) All of the above
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23. Which of the following is the correctly matched?
UT Executive
Solutions
(a) Andaman and
Nicobar
: Governor
Level – 1
(b) Chandigarh : Chief Commissioner 1. (d) Article: - 3 Formation of New States and Alteration of
areas, boundaries or name of Existing States.
(c) Lakshadweep : Administrator
2. (c) By the state Reorganization Act in 1956 to create 14
(d) Daman and Diu : Lt Governor
State and 6 Union territories. Which are in Present 28 State
24. Which of the following is correctly matched? and 9 Union Territories?
UT Jurisdiction of High Court 3. (a) 36th Amendment Act, 1975, made Sikkim a full–fledged
(a) Andaman and : Chennai High Court state of the Indian union & omitted the tenth schedule.
Nicobar Earlier Sikkim was an “Associate State.”
(b) Daman and Diu : Mumbai High Court 4. (a) Schedule 5: Related to Administration & control of
(c) Lakshadweep : Chennai High Court scheduled Areas & scheduled tribes under Article 244.
(d) Puducherry : Kerala High Court Scheduled 6: Related to tribal Areas of in state of Assam,
25. Match the following Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram under Article 244 and
List I List II 275.

A. Article 3 1. Establishment of New State 5. (a)

B. Article 4 2. Formation of New state Numbers Subject matter

C. 1948 3. Dhar Commission 1st Name of state & their territorial extension
D. 1953 4. Fazal All commission 2nd Provisions of emolument, allowances,
Codes privileges.
ABCD ABCD 3rd Forms of oaths or Affirmations
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 1 4 3 4th Allocation of seats In Rajya Sabha to states &
(c) 3 2 1 4 (d) 2 3 4 1 UTs.

6. (b) Sixth schedule: Provisions related to the Administrative

of tribal area in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura &
Mizoram. related to Article 244 and 275.
7. (d) 84th Amendment Act, 2001: The number of seats in the
Lok – Sabha & state assemblies are to be remain same till
2026. It was done by delimitation commission headed by
Justice kuldip singh.
8. (d) The 69th Amendment Act 1991 Gave state of UT to Delhi
& redesigned as national capital territory of Delhi &
designated the Administrator of Delhias the “lieutenant” 70
members in Delhi Assembly.
9. (c) The parliament of India can make laws on any subject of
the three lists for UTS & it can est. a high court for a UT but
it under the Jurisdiction of The high court of adjacent state
10. (c) Delhi has its own high court since 1966.
UTS Judiciary under
Andman & Nicobar Calcutta High court
Chandigarh Punjab & Hariyana
Dadra & Nagaor Haveli Bombey
Daman & Diu Bombay
Lakshadweep Kerala
Puduchery Madras high court
11. (c) The UTs of puducherry (in 1963) & Delhi (in 1992) are
provided with a legislative Assembly.
Only, When the Assembly is suspended of dissolved than
president can make regulations for Pondicherry.

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12. (d) Under Article 244. President is empowered to declare
an are to be scheduled Area He can increase or decrease its
area.
Article 244 increase or decrease its five.
13. (a) Sixth Schedule: Provisions regarding Adm. of tribal
Areas in States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram.
under Article 244 to 275.
14. (a) Tribes Advisory Council: each state having scheduled
Areas has to est. a tribes advisory council to advice on
welfare and advancement of scheduled tribes consist of 20
members.
15. (b) Article – 244:
1. President declare the scheduled Areas.
2. The executive power of state exercise by Governor for
such Areas.
3. Tribes Advisory council Consist 20 members.
16. ()
5th Schedule - Provisions related to scheduled Areas
& scheduled tribes
4th Schedule - Allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha to
the states & union Territories.
6th Schedule - Provisions regarding Assam,
Meghalaya, Tripura &Mizoram.
7th Schedule Division of powers.
17. (b) Each Autonomous district have district Council of 30
members of whom 4 are nominated by Governor & 26
elected on the basis of Adult franchise for 5 years.
18. (b) Under the original constitution of J & K (1957). the head
of state & head of Govt. were designated as sadat – I- Riyast
(President) and wazier-I-Azam (prime minister)
respectively.
19. (b) Under Article 370 in part XXI of the constitution grants
special states to J & K.
20. (b) In Jammu & Kashmir, All the provisions of India
Constitution does not apply. J & K has its separate
constitution under Article – 370 India constitutions.
21. (d) In september – october 1951, the constitution
Assembly of J & K was elected by people on the basis of
adult franchise.
The constitution of J & K was adopted on 17 Nov. 1956 &
came into force on 26 January 1957.
22. (c) Article 370, had temporary provisions for J & K. Urdu
was official language of J & K.
23. (b) Under Article 371 to 371 – J in part XXI of the
constitution contain special provisions for twelve states.
The 36th constitutional amendment Act – 1975, made
Sikkim a full – fledged state of Indian union
One Parliament try constituency & minimum 30 seats for
state legislative Assembly respective.
24. (d) Special provisions for twelve states under Article – 371
are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland Assam, Manipur,
Andhra – Pradesh, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal
Pradesh, Goa & Karnataka.
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25. (a) The States Reorganisation Act was enacted on 31
August 1956. Before it came into effect on 1 November, an
important amendment was made to the Constitution of
India. Under the Seventh Amendment, the existing
distinction among Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D states
was abolished. And 14 states and 6 union territories were
created.
Level – 2
1. (d) According to Article 1, the territory of India can be
classified into three Categories:
1. Territories of the states
2. Union territories
3. Territories that may be acquired by the Government of
India at any time
2. (c) On 1 November 1954, the four enclaves of Pondicherry,
Yanam, Mahe, and Karikal were transferred to the Indian
Union and became the Union Territory of Puducherry. The
de jure Union of French India with India did not take place
until 1962, when the French Parliament in Paris ratified the
treaty with India.
3. (b) The first state on linguistic basis for Telugu speaking
people called Andhra State on October 1, 1953. It was later
renamed Andhra Pradesh. It was separated from the Tamil
speaking province of madras.
4. (b) India is a union of states not the federation of states.
According to Dr. B R Ambedkar, the phrase ‘Union of States’
has been preferred to ‘Federation of States’ for two
reasons: one, the Indian Federation is not the result of an
agreement among the states like the American Federation;
and two, the states have no right to secede from the
federation. The federation is a Union because it is
indestructible.
5. (b) In June 1948, the Government of India appointed the
Linguistic Provinces Commission under the chairmanship
of S K Dhar to examine the possibility of it. On the
recommendation of the Shah Commission (1966), the
Punjabi-speaking areas were constituted into the unilingual
state of Punjab, the Hindi-speaking areas were constituted
into the State of Haryana and the hill areas were merged
with the adjoining union territory of Himachal Pradesh.
6. (d) In India 3 union territories have legislative assemblies
are J &K, Delhi, Pondicherry. Mizoram and Nagaland and
Meghalaya are having 1, 1 and 2 Lok sabha seats
respectively.
7. (d) Meghalaya was previously part of Assam, but on 21
January 1972, the districts of Khasi, Garo and Jaintia hills
became the new state of Meghalaya. Meghalaya means "the
abode of clouds".Shilong is its capital.
8. (d) I n October 1953, the Government of India was forced
to create the first linguistic state, known as Andhra state, by
separating the Telugu speaking areas from the Madras
state.
In 1960 Gujarat was separated from the Marathi speaking
province of Maharashtra.
In 1960, Punjab was separated from the Haryana.
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Karnataka was formed on 1 November 1956, originally 19. (b) Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy. Part V –
known as the State of Mysore. The union.
9. (a) Andhra Pradesh 1 October 1953 Part VII – States in the B part of the first schedule
Maharashtra 1 May 1960 (repealed) Part VIII – Union territories
Nagaland 1 December 1963 20. (b) Article 3 lays down two conditions in this regard: one, a
bill contemplating the above changes can be introduced in
Haryana 1 November 1966,
the Parliament only with the prior recommendation of the
10. (b) Article 239AA of the Constitution of India granted President; and two, before recommending the bill, the
Special Status to Delhi among Union Territories (UTs) in President has to refer the same to the state legislature
the year 1991 through 69th constitutional amendment by concerned for expressing its views within a specified
the Parliament and Delhi became national capital region. period.
61st Amendment Act, 1988, lowered the voting age of
21. (a) State Year of Creation
elections to the Lok Sabha and to the Legislative
Assemblies of States from 21 years to 18 years. Puducherry 1 November 1954
71st Amendment Act, 1992, amended the Eighth Schedule Sikkim 1975
to the Constitution so as to include Konkani, Meitei Mizoram 1987
(Manipuri) and Nepali languages. Tripura 1972
11. (c) Nagaland, Haryana, and Meghalaya was created on 1 22. (d) According to Article 1, the territory of India can be
December 1963 , 1 November 1966,and 21 January 1972 classified into three
respectively. While On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the
Categories:
22nd state of the Indian Union, and the monarchy was
abolished. 1. Territories of the states
12. (a) Article 3 authorizes the Parliament to: 2. Union territories
(a) Form a new state by separation of territory from any 3. Territories that may be acquired by the Government of
state or by uniting Two or more states or parts of states or India at any time.
by uniting any territory to a part of any state, At present there are 28 states and 9 union territories.
(b) Increase the area of any state, (c) diminish the 23. (a) The Lieutenant Governor is himself the executive head
area of any state, in the government of Andaman and Nicobar. In Chandigarh
(d) Alter the boundaries of any state, and (e) alter the name chief commissioner is the executive head of the UT. There is
of any state. an administrator to lead the Lakshadweep UT. It is the
smallest UT of India. Daman and Diu and Delhi are headed
13. (d) The United Federal Assembly of Switzerland elects 38
by Lt. Governor.
federal justices to the Federal Supreme Court. The current
president of the court is Ulrich Meyer. The Federal Court of 24. (b) UT Jurisdiction of High Court
Justice of Germany is subdivided in twenty-five senates. Andman and nicobar Kolkata
14. (d) Jammu and Kashmir was the only state which had its Daman and Diu Bombay (Mumbai) high court
own constitution through article 370 and its official Lakshadweep Kerala High Court
language was the Urdu. But On the 9 august 2019 J& k is
Puducherry Madras High Court
bifurcated in two union territories as J & K and Ladakh.
25. (a) Article-3: Formation of new states and alteration of
15. (a) Sikkim Till 1947, Sikkim was an Indian princely state
areas, boundaries or names of existing states
ruled by Chogyal. By 35th constitutional amendment 1974
Sikkim got the status of an ‘associate state’ and by the 36th Artical-4: Laws made under Articles 2 and 3 to provide for
Constitutional Amendment Act (1975) was enacted to the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and
make Sikkim a full-fledged state of the Indian Union (the supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.
22nd state). Sikkim has 32 seats in its legislative assembly. In 1948 Govt. appointed the Dhar commission for look out
16. (d) Puducherry and Delhi are the only states which send at the demand of linguistic state. A 3 membered
their representatives to the rajya sabha. Puducherry and commission appointed in 1953 headed by Fazal Ali and
Delhi have 1 and 3 seats in rajya sabha and 30 and 70 state member were K M Panikkar and H N Kunzru
legislative assembly seats respectively.
17. (c) The Constitution of India makes special provisions for
the administration of the tribal dominated areas in four
states viz. Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. As per
article 244 and 6th Schedule, these areas are called “Tribal
Areas“, which are technically different from the Scheduled
Areas under fifth schedule.
18. (a) Karbi Anglong district is one of the 33 administrative
districts of the state of Assam in India. 'Karbi' is an
indigenous tribal community living in Assam. Chakma.
mara and lai district are in the Mizoram, district.

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
 www.neonclasses.com

Chapter –5
Citizenship

Citizenship: Part: 2 (Art. 5 to 11) 2. Which one among the following has the power to
Article-5: Citizenship at the commencement of the regulate the right of citizenship in India?
constitution. (a) The Union Cabinet (b) The Parliament
• Person Domiciled in India - (c) The Supreme court (d) The Law commission
(i) If he was born in India. 3. In which part of the constitution, details of
(ii) If either of his parents born in India citizenship are mentioned?
(iii) If he has been ordinarily resident in India for not (a) Part I (b) Part II
less than 5 year immediately before the commencement of (c) Part III (d) Part IV
the constitution. 4. Citizenship cannot be terminated
Article-6: Rights of citizenship of Certain persons who (a) When there is emergency
have migrated to India from Pakistan. (b) When are is war
Article-7: Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to (c) When there are elections
Pakistan. (d) When it can be terminated regardless of
Article-8: Rights of Citizenship of certain persons of conditions.
Indian origin residing outside of India. 5. Indian citizenship is lost when
Article -9: Persons voluntarily acquiring of a foreign state (a) A person acquires a foreign citizenship
not be citizens.
(b) To person renounces the citizenship
Article -10: Continuance of the rights of the rights of
(c) The Government deprives a person of citizenship
citizenship. for some cause
Article -11: Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship (d) All of the above
by law.
6. ‘AADHAR’ is a programme
Ways of Acquiring Indian Citizenship=
(a) To help senior citizens
As per the citizenship Act of 1955 there are five ways of
(b) To provide nutritional support to adolescent
Acquiring citizenship  woman
1.By birth: Every person who born in Indian After 26 (c) To train people for social defense
January 1950 and before 1987 and both of his/her parents
(d) To provide identity to India residents
were citizens of India at this time of his/her birth
7. Which country accepted the policy of Dual
2.By Descent: a person born outside India on and after Citizenship?
26th January 1950 India on or After 26th January 1950 but
(a) India (b) Canada
before 3rd December, 2004 is a citizen of India by Descent.
(c) Australia (d) USA
3. By Registration: The Prescribed authority may on
application Register as citizen of India. 8. A citizen acquiring citizenship through naturalization
(a) My belong to any country without qualification
4. By nationalization -
(b) May keep the citizenship of any other country
5. By Incorporation of territories –
(c) Must either reside in India or serve the
Government of India for at least one year
LEVEL - 1 immediately preceding the date of application
(d) May acquire it in special cases only
1. Which of the following Article of the Indian
9. The detailed provisions regarding acquisition and
Constitution deal with citizenship in India?
termination of India citizenship are contained in the
(a) Article 333 to 337 (b) Article 17 to 20 citizenship Act which was passed by
(c) Article 5 to 11 (d) Articles 1 to 4 (a) The Indian Parliament in 1955
(b) The Indian Parliament in 1950

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(c) The British Parliament in August 1948 18. If a person wants to acquire a citizenship of India
(d) The Constituent Assembly in 1949 through naturalisation, he must fulfill which of the
following conditions.
10. Which among the following has the power the
regulate the right of citizenship in India? (a) Renounces his citizenship of the other country
(a) The Union Cabinet (b) He is of a good character
(b) The parliament (c) After Naturalisation he wants to reside in India
(c) The Supreme Court (d) All of the above
(d) The Law Commission 19. Consider the following statements regarding
termination of citizenship of India.
11. With what subject do the Articles 5 to 11 of the
constitution of India deal? 1. Renunciation is a voluntary process by which a
person holding a citizenship of other also may
(a) Indian Union and its territory
relinquish.
(b) Citizenship
2. When a person acquires the citizenship of another
(c) Fundamental Duties country he has to give up the citizenship
(d) Union Executive 3. Deprivation is a compulsory termination when a
12. Which of the following is not a condition for ship is required by fraud.
becoming a citizen of India ? Chose the correct option.
(a) Birth (b) Descent (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Acquiring property (c) 1 and 2 (d) 1,2 and 3
(d) Naturalisation 20. Persons of India origin who were citizens of 16-
13. In which of the following ways can India citizenship countries list were eligible to apply for dual
be acquired? Citizenships. Which of the following countries are
1. By Descent 2. By Naturalisation included in the 16 countries list?
3. By Registration 4. By Birth 1. Australia 2. Canada
Codes 3. Finland 4. Portugal
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1,2 and 4 5. Russia
(c) 1,3 and 4 (d) All are correct Choose the correct option
14. In which part of the constitution details of citizenship (a) 1,2,3 and 4 (2) 2,3,4 and 5
are mentioned? (c) 1,2,3 and 4 (d) 1,2,4 and 5
(a) Part I (b) Part II 21. Which one of the following features of citizenship in
(c) Part III (d) Part IV India is correct?
15. Every person shall be a citizen and of India who has (a) Dual citizenship of the state and the Nation
migrated from Pakistan to India before ............. and (b) Single citizenship of the state
since then have been originally residing in India. (c) Single citizenship of whole India
(a) 19th July, 1948 (b) 19th July, 1949 (d) Dual citizenship of India
(c) 19th July, 1950 (d) 19th July, 1951 22. Which of the following statements are correct
16. What is the meaning of Domicile according to India regarding Dual Citizenship 2005 in India
Constitution? 1. Dual Citizens are to be treated as citizens for the
(a) Temporary home purpose of taxation.
(b) Permanent home 2. They are not eligible to be elected to Public office.
(c) Home in different country 3. The dual citizenship does not provide voting rights
(d) Home in Enemy country to the NRIs.
17. Who can acquire the Indian citizenship by Choose the correct option.
naturalisation? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(a) Foreigners (b) NRI (c) 2 and 3 (d) Only 2
(c) Overseas Indians (d) All of these 23. The Citizenship means
1. Full civil and political rights of the citizens

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2. The rights of suffrage for election to the house of (d) An OCI can neither vote nor contest election in
the people (of the Union) and the legislative India but NRI can vote and contest in election.
Assembly of every state.
3. The right to become a member of the Parliament 3. Consider the following statements.
and member of legislative Assemblies .
1. The provisions relating to citizenship are contained
Select the correct answer using the codes given in Articles 5 to 11 in Part II of the constitution of
below India.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 2. The constitution of India provided a single citizenship
(c) 2 and 3 (d) All of these for the entire country.
24. Consider the following statements. 3. Since 2003, dual citizenship is allowed by Indian law
1. Friendly Aliens are subjects of those countries that that is called overseas citizens of India.
have cordial relationship with India and enemy aliens 4. A non-resident Indian is a citizen of India but has not
are subjects of that country which are at war with resided in India for the required number of days.
India. Which of the above statement is / are correct?
2. Friendly Aliens enjoy lesser rights than the enemy (a) 1 only (b) 1 & 4 only
aliens.
(c) 2, 3 & 4 only (d) All of the above
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
4. Consider the following statements.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of the above
1. Those born in India on or after 26th January 1950 but
25. The theme of 2019- pravasi Bharatiya Divas is before 1st July 1967 are citizens of India by birth,
(a) Apna Bharat Apna Gaurav irrespective of the nationality of their parents.
(b) Bharat ko jano and Bharat to Mano 2. Those born in India on or after July 1987, are
(c) Engaging Diaspora : Connecting Across considered citizens of India only if either of their
Generation parents is a citizen of India at the time of their birth.
(d) Role of India Diaspora in building new India. 3. Those born outside India on or after 26th January
1950 but before 10th December 1992 are citizens of
LEVEL - 2 India by descent, if their father was a citizen of India
at the time of their birth.
1. Consider the following statements.
4. Any question related with citizenship, shall be
1. Asylum is the legal protection granted to people in
determined by the concern state in which the citizen
any country who are afraid to return to their home
have its voter ID.
country.
Which of the above statement is / are correct?
2. Domicile means to stay in a country with the
intention of making it his or her permanent home. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
3. Expelling an alien is called deportation. (d) 3 only (d) 4 only
4. Resident is one who resided in the country for certain
number of days. 5. Which of the statement is incorrect?

Which of the above statement is / are correct? (a) The facility of overseas citizenship of India was made
(b) vailable to all the person of Indian origin of any country.
(a) 1 only (b) 1, 2 & 4 only
(c) Dual citizens do not have voting rights.
(c) 2 only (d) All of the above
(d) Neither can they be elected to Public Office nor they
eligible for defense job.
2. Which of the following status relating to the overseas (e) Dual citizens do not required visa for travel to India.
Citizenship of India (OCI) and the Nonresident Indian
(NRI) is true?
(a) An OCI is a citizen of India and a NRI is not a
citizen of India
(b) AN OCI can vote but can not contest in the
election but a NRI can neither vote nor contest in
election in India
(c) Neither of these can vote and contest in election

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Solutions
Level – 1
1. (c) Part – II under 5 to 11 Articles of the Indian
Constitution deal with the citizenship in India.
2. (b) The parliament has the highest power on the
right on citizenship in India.
3. (b) There are 22 Parts in the Indian constitution. Part
second with articles 5 to 11 deal with the citizenship.
4. (b) The Citizenship Act, 1955, prescribes three ways
of losing citizenship By Renunciation, by Termination
and by Deprivation and when war is going on then
citizenship can not be terminated.
5. (d) The Citizenship Act, 1955, prescribes three ways
of losing citizenship, which are renunciation,
termination and deprivation.
6. (d) Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identity number that
can be obtained voluntarily by residents of India,
based on their biometric and demographic data. * J.
Satyanarayana, Chairman, of UIDAI.
established on 12 July 2016 by the Government of
India under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of
Electronics and Information Technology, following
the provisions of the Aadhaar Act 2016.
7. (d) Federal states like USA and Switzerland, adopted
the system of double citizenship while India has
single citizenship.
8. (c) Citizenship can be granted by govt. by
naturalisation via following mode: he has either
resided in India or been in the service of a
Government in India or partly the one and partly the
other, throughout the period of twelve months
immediately preceding the date of the application.
9. (a) The Citizenship Act (1955) provides for
acquisition and loss of citizenship after the
commencement of the Constitution. This Act has been
amended so far eight times originally, it also provided
for the Commonwealth Citizenship. But, this
provision was repealed by the Citizenship
(Amendment) Act, 2003.
10. (b) It empowers the Parliament to enact a law
relating to citizenship. Accordingly, the Parliament
has enacted the Citizenship Act, 1955, which has been
amended in 1957, 1960, 1985, 1986, 1992, 2003,
2005 and 2015
11. (b) The Constitution deals with the citizenship from
Articles 5 to 11 under Part II.
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12. (c) The Citizenship Act of 1955 prescribes five ways
of acquiring citizenship, viz, birth, descent,
registration, naturalisation and incorporation of
territory.
13. (c) The Citizenship Act of 1955 prescribes five ways
of acquiring citizenship, viz, birth, descent,
registration, naturalisation and incorporation of
territory.
14. (b) The Constitution deals with the citizenship from
Articles 5 to 11 under Part II.
15. (a) A person who migrated to India from Pakistan
became an Indian citizen if he or either of his parents
or any of his grandparents was born in undivided
India and also fulfilled any one of the two conditions,
in case he migrated to India before July 19, 1948.
16. (b) Freedom of Residence Every citizen has the right
to reside and settle in any part of the territory of the
country. This right has two parts: the right to settle in
any part of the country, which means to set up a
home or domicile at any place permanently.
17. (a) By Naturalisation the Central Government may,
on an application, grant a certificate of naturalisation
to any person (not being an illegal migrant).
18. (d) For naturalization following condition should be
fulfilled:
(a) That he is not a subject or citizen of any country
where citizens of India areprevented from becoming
subjects or citizens of that country by naturalisation;
(b) He had renounced the citizenship of his country
(c) That he is of good character;
(d) That he has an adequate knowledge of a language
specified in the Eighth Schedule
(e) That in the event of a certificate of naturalisation
being
19. (d) Ways of losing citizenship:
By Renunciation any citizen of India of full age and
capacity can make a declaration renouncing his
Indian citizenship.
By Termination When an Indian citizen voluntarily
acquires the
Citizenship of another country, his Indian citizenship
terminates.
By Deprivation It is a compulsory termination of
Indian citizenship by the Central government.
20. (a) At present this facility is being extended to
Person of India Origin ( PIO ) of 16 specified
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countries, namely, Australia, Canada, Finland, France, in India on or after 1st July 1987 is considered as a citizen
Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, New of India only if either of his parents is a citizen of India at
Zealand, Portugal, Republic of Cyprus, Sweden, the time of his birth. By Descent A person born
Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of outside India on or after 26th January 1950but
America. before 10th December 1992 is a citizen of India by
descent, if his father
21. (c) Federal states like USA and Switzerland, adopted
was a citizen of India at the time of his birth.
the system of double citizenship while India has
single citizenship. 5. (a) To apply for and use an OCI document, a holder
must be a citizen of and hold a passport of another
22. (c) On January 7th 2005 Prime Minister Man Mohan
country, except that of Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Singh said the government has decided to offer dual
citizenship to all overseas Indian who migrated from
the country after January 26th, 1950 , as long as their
home countries allow dual citizenship under their
law. They are not treated for the purpose of taxation.

23. (d) Indian citizenship means he have all the

fundamental and legal rights like wise right to vote ad
contest in election and all political and civic rights.

24. (a) Aliens are of two categories—friendly aliens or

enemy aliens.

Friendly aliens are the subjects of those countries

that have cordial relations with India. Enemy aliens,
on the other hand, are the subjects of that country
that is at war with India. They enjoy lesser rights than
the friendly aliens.

25. (d) The 15th PravasiBharatiya Divas held in holy city

if Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) from January 21 to
January 23, 2019. Its theme was “Role of Indian
Diaspora in building a New India.

Level –2
1. (d) Asylum is the legal protection granted to people in any
country who are afraid to return to their home country.
Like rohingya muslims in Bangladesh. Expelling an alien is
called deportation.
2. (d) An NRI is a citizen of India but OCI is not.
An NRI is an Indian citizen who is ordinarily residing
outside India and holds an Indian
Passport while OCI is an A person registered as Overseas
Citizen of India (OCI) Cardholder under the Citizenship Act,
1955.
AN NRI can vote and contest but OCI neither vote nor
contest.
3. (d) The provisions relating to citizenship are contained in
Articles 5 to 11 in Part II of the constitution of India. The
constitution of India provided a single citizenship for the
entire country. Since 2003, dual citizenship is allowed by
Indian law that is called overseas citizens of India. A non-
resident Indian is a citizen of India but has not resided in
India for the required number of days.
4. (d) A person born in India on or after 26th January 1950
but before 1st July 1987 is a citizen of India by birth
irrespective of the nationality of his parents. A person born

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
 www. neonclasses. com

Chapter –6
Fundamental Rights

(i) Right to equality Article (14 to 18) Artical-24: Prohibition of Employment of Childs in Factories.
(ii) Right to freedom Article (19 to 22) Etc.

(iii) Right against Exploitation (23 – 24) 4. Right Religious Freedom (25 to 28)

(iv) Right to Religious Freedom (25 – 28) • No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to
work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other headraces
(v) Right to culture and Education (29, 30)
employment.
(vi) Right to constitutional Remedies – (32)
Articel-25: Freedom of Conscience and free profession, practice
Article: 12 Definition and propagation of Religion.
Article: 13 Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Article-26: Freedom to manage Religious Affairs.
Fundamental Rights
Articel-27: Freedom as to Payment of taxes for promotion of any
1. Right to Equality (Art. 14 to 18) particular Religion.
Article: 14: Equality Before law Articel-28: Freedom to Attendance at Religious Instruction or
Article: 15 Prohibition of Discrimination only on Grounds of Rallies worship in certain Educational institution
Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or place of Birth. 5. Right to culture and Education (29 to 30)
Article: 16 Equality of opportunity in matters of Public Article- 29: Protection of Interests of minorities.
Employment.
Article -30: Right of minorities to Establish and administer
Article: 17: Abolition of untouchability Educational Institutions.
Article: 18 Abolition of Titles. Article -32: Remedies for Enforcement of Rights conferred by
• No title no being a military or academic distinction, shall be this part.
conferred by the state.
• No citizen of Indian shall accept any title from any tonight state.
• No person who is not a citizen of India shall, while he holds any
office of profit or trust under the state, Accept without the
consent of the president any title from any foreign state.
2. Right to Freedom (Art. 19- to 22)
Article -19: Protection of certain Rights Regarding Freedom of
speech Etc.
All citizen shall have the Right according to the article-19
19(a) To freedom of speech and Expression
19(b) To assemble peaceably and without Arms.
19(c) To form Associations or unions.
19(d) To move freely throughout the territory of India.
19(e) To reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
19(f)To practice any profession or to carry on any occupation
trade or business.
Article-20: Protection in Respect of Conviction for offenses.
Article- 21: Protection of life and personal liberty
Article-21 A: Right to Education
Note:- This Article was added by constitution Amendment Act
2002, and 86th No. Constitution Amendment.
Article-22: protection against Arrest and Detention in certain
cases.
3. Right against Exploitation (23 to 24)
Article- 23 Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings. and forced
labour.

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(b) Right against Exploitation
LEVEL - 1 (c) Right to constitutional remedies

1. Which of the following are envisaged by the Right Against (d) Right of freedom of religion
Exploitation in the Constitution of India?
8. Which on of the following freedoms is not guaranteed by
1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor the Constitution of India?
2. Abolition of Untouchability (a) Freedom to own, acquire and dispose of property
3. Protection of the interests of minorities (b) Freedom to move freely throughout the country
4. Prohibition of employment of children in factories and (c) Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms
mines
(d) Freedom to practice any trade or profession
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 9. Right to Education is a fundamental right emanating from
right to:
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
(a) Freedom of speech and expression under Article 19
2. As far as the Armed Forces are concerned, the Fundamental (b) Culture and education under Article 29 and 30
Rights granted under Articles 14 and 19 of Constitution
(c) Life and personal liberty under Article 21
are:
(d) Equality before law and equal pr
(a) Not available at all
(b) Available to the Armed Forced but not to other forces 10. The state shall not make any law which takes away or
(c) Available only at the discretion of the Chief of the Army abridges the fundamental rights. Which one of the
staff following shall not be construed as law for this purpose?

(d) Available only according to law made by Parliament (a) Ordinance (b) Bye – Law
(c) Rule
3. In Indian Constitution, the power to issue a write of
(d) Constitutional amendment
‘Habeas Corpus’ is vested only in:
(a) The Supreme Court (b) The High Courts 11. Fundamental right guaranteed in the Indian Constitution
(c) The Subordinate Courts can be suspended only by:

(d) The Supreme Court and the High Courts
4. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Article 15: Special provisions for socially and
educationally backward classes.
(b) Article 22: Safeguards under preventive Detention
(c) Article 20: Immunity from double punishment
(d) Article 16: Discrimination in favor of women in service
under the state.
5. Under the Indian Constitution which of the following is not
a specific ground on which the state can place restrictions
on freedom of religion?
(a) Public order (b) Morality
(a) A proclamation of national emergency
(b) An Act passed by the Parliament
(c) An amendment of the Constitution
(d) The judicial decision of the Supreme court
12. Under Article 22 of the Constitution of India, with the
exception of certain provisions stated therein, what is the
maximum period for detention of a person under
preventive detention?
(a) 2 months (b) 3 months
(c) 4 months (d) 6 months
13. Which one of the following Fundamental Rights is
guaranteed only to the citizens of India?

(c) Social Justice (d) Health
6. Which of the following is not included in Article 19 of the
constitution of India, pertaining to the Right to Freedom?
(a) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of
India
(b) Right of minorities to establish and administer
educational institutions
(c) Right to form associations or unions
(d) Right to assemble peaceable and without arms
7. Which one of the following rights was described by Dr.
Ambedkar as ‘the heart and soul’ of the Constitution?
(a) Equality before law and equal protection of laws
(b) Freedom of speech and expression
(c) Right to life and liberty
(d) Right to the freedom of religion
14. In accordance with the text of the Constitution, a
reasonable in the interest of ‘sovereignty and integrity’ of
India can be imposed on the right to:
(a) Freedom of speech and expression
(b) Move freely throughout the territory of India
(c) Reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
(d) Carry on any occupation, trade or business

(a) Right to equality

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15. under the term “Double Jeopardy” implied in Article 20 of
the Constitution of India, a person:
(a) Convicted by a court of law cannot be punished under
departmental proceedings for the same offence.
(b) Punished departmentally cannot be prosecuted in a
court of law for the same offence.
(c) Shall not be prosecuted and punished for the same
offence more than once.
(d) Cannot be subjected to proceedings in civil courts for
disobedience of an injunction along with criminal
proceedings.
16. Reservation of seats in educational institutions in favor of
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled tribes is governed by:
(a) Article 15 of the Constitution
(b) Article 16 of the Constitution
(c) Article 29 of the Constitution
(d) Article 14 of the Constitution
17. Through which provisions does the Constitution of India
explicitly prohibit racial discrimination in India?
(a) Article 14 and 17 (b) Article 17 and 23
(c) Article 15 and 16 (d) Article 17 only
18. Which of the following Article (s) of the constitution of
India is/are exceptions to the Fundamental Right
enumerated in Article 14 or Article 19?
(a) Article 31 A only (b) Article 31 C only
(c) Article 31 A and Article 31 C both
(d) Neither Article 31 A nor Article 31 C
19. Freedom of the press in India is:
(a) Available to the people under the law of the Parliament
(b) Specifically provided in the Constitution
(c) Implied in the right to freedom of expression
(d) Available to the people of India under executive order
20. The 86th Constitutional Amendment deals with which of
the following?
(a) Allocation of more number of Parliamentary seats for
recently created states.
(b) Reservation of 30% Posts for women in panchayati Raj
Institutions.
(c) Insertion of Article 21 A related with free and
compulsory education for all children between the age of 6
and 14 years.
(d) Continuation of reservation for backward classes in
government employment.
21. The Article of the constitution which automatically
becomes suspended on proclamation of emergency is:
(a) Article 14 (b) Article 19
(c) Article 21 (d) Article 32
22. The writ of certiorari is issued by a superior court to:
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(a) An inferior court to stop further proceedings in a
particular case
(b) An inferior court to transfer the record of proceedings
in a case for review
(c) An officer to show his right to hold a particular office
(d) A public authority to produces a person detained by it
before the court within 24 hours
23. Which one of the following is not correct?
(a) Right to livelihood is an integral facet of the Right to life
(b) Natural justice is implicit in Article 21
(c) The Right to life includes the Right to health
(d) Right to go abroad is not a Fundamental Right under
Article 21
24. The right to property was removed from the list of
Fundamental Right enlisted in the Constitution through
which one of the following Amendments?
(a) 73rd Amendment (b) 23rd Amendment
(c) 44rth Amendment (d) 76th Amendment
25. The 93rd amendment to the Constitution of India deals
with:
(a) Right to education
(b) Rights in respect of physically handicapped persons for
appointments in the services under the state
(c) Reservation for admission in educational institutions
(d) Reservation in the matters of promotion in the services
under the state in favour of the other backward classes.
LEVEL - 2
1. Right to Education Act (2002) was introduced to help
which of the following groups of society?
(a) Children of the age of 6 to 14 years
(b) College going teenagers
(c) All adults who could not get formal education
(d) Those who are interested in technical education
2. The right to make laws to give effect to certain specified
Fundamental Rights rests with
(a) Union Legislature (b) State Legislature
(c) Both Union Legislature and state Legislature
(d) Union Government
3. Freedom of the press in India is
(a) Available to the people under the law of the parliament
(b) Specifically provided in the constitution
(c) Implied in the right of freedom of expression
(d) Available to the people of India under executive power
4. Which of these is not included as a fundamental Right in the
India Constitution?
(a) Right to Freedom of Speech
(b) Right to Equality before Law
(c) Right to constitutional Remedies
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(d) Right to equal wages for Equal Work (d) Political sufferers
5. Under which article of the constitution of India, can the 14. Which one of the following is the guardian of Fundamental
fundamental rights of the members of the Armed Forces be Right?
specifically restricted? (a) Legislator (b) Executive
(a) Article 10 (b) Article 21 (c) Political Parties (d) Judiciary
(c) Article 25 (d) Article 33 15. The citizens of Indian do not have which of the following
6. Point out which from the following is not a right Fundamental Rights?
enumerated in the Constitution of India but has been (a) Right to reside and settle in any part of India.
articulated by the supreme court to be a Fundamental
(b) Right to acquire. hold and dispose property
Right?
(c) Right to practice any profession
(a) Right to privacy
(d) Right to form cooperative societies
(b) Equality before law
16. The right is vote in India is a
(c) Abolition of Untouchability
(a) Fundamental right (b) Constitutional right
(d) Right to form Association or Union
(c) Natural right (d) Legal right
7. Which of the following writs/orders of the High
Court/Supreme Court is brought to get an order of an 17. The supreme court of India has expanded the meaning of
authority quashed? the Right to Life to include the following derivate rights.
Which one among the following is not included in the
(a) Mandamus (b) Certiorari
court’s definition?
(c) Quo Warranto (d) Habeas Corpus
(a) Right to Food and Adequate Livelihood
8. Point out which from the following is not a right
(b) Right of Education
enumerated in the constitution of India but has been
articulated by the Supreme Court to be a Fundamental (c) Right to live in a health Environment
Right? (d) Right to Health and information
(a) Right to Life 18. The provisions relating to the Fundamental Rights in the
(b) Equality of Opportunity in Matters of public constitution of India.
Employment (a) Cannot be amended.
(c) Protection of Personal Liberty (b) Can be amended by a simple majority in the Parliament.
(d) Right to Permanent Housing (c) Can be amended by a two-thirds majority in the
9. Right to property was remove from the list of Fundamental parliament.
Rights during the rule to (d) Can be amended by a two-thirds majority of the
(a) Indira Gandhi Government members present and voting in the parliament and ratified
by a majority of the State Legislatures.
(b) Morarji Desai Government
19. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity
(c) Narasimha Rao Government
of India”, is a provision made in
(d) Vaipayee Government
(a) Preamble of the constitution
10. Political right does not include which of the following?
(b) Directive principles of state policy
(a) Right to Vote
(c) Fundamental rights
(b) Right to Life
(d) Fundamental duties
(c) Right to Contest in Election
20. How many Fundamental Rights are enjoyed by the Indians?
(d) Right to Lodge complaint with executive Bodies of the
(a) Nine (b) Ten
Government
(c) Seven (d) Six
11. Which part of the Indian constitution deals with
‘Fundamental Rights’? 21. Find the incorrect match.
(a) Part I (b) Part II (a) 77th Amendment Act → Article 16 (4A)
(c) Part III (d) Part IV (b) 81st Amendment Act → Article 16(4B)
12. Which constitution Amendment deleted the Right to (c) 82nd Amendment Act → Article 335
property from the list of Fundamental Right? (d) 93rd Amendment Act → Article 15(4)
(a) 42nd Amendment (b) 43rd Amendment 22. Which of the following Articles of India constitution
(c) 44th Amendment (d) 62nd Amendment guarantees Freedom to press?
13. Fundamental Rights are not given to (a) Article 16 (b) Article 19
(a) Bankrupt persons (c) Article 22 (d) Article 31
(b) Aliens 23. Which one of the following can not be suspended or
restricted even during National Emergency?
(c) Persons suffering from incurable diseases
(a) Right to reside and settle in any part of the country

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(b) Right to life and personal liberty
(c) Right to move frilly throughout the territory of India
Solutions
(d) Right to carry on any profession or business
Level – 1
24. Which Amendment to the constitution inserted a new
Article 21A providing Right to Education in the 1. (d) Article – 23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and
Constitution? forced labor. And Article 24 Prohibition of employment of
children in factories and mines.
(a) 86th Amendment (b) 87th Amendment
(c) 88th Amendment (d) 89th Amendment 2. (d) According Article – 14, Equality before law and
25. Which of the following Article of the Indian constitution According Article – 19, Protection of certain Rights
guarantees equality of opportunity to all citizens of India Regarding Freedom of speech Etc.
matters relating to public employment?
3. (d) According to Article 32, 139 and 226, the constitution
(a) Article 15
gives powers of Issuing writs to the High court and
(b) Article 16(1) and 16(2) Supreme Court, For the Enforcements of the Fundamental
(c) Article 16(3) rights and other Purposes.
(d) Article 16(3), 16(4) and 16(5)
4. (d) According to the Article –16, Equality of opportunity in
matters of public Employment.

5. (c) In order to establish Justice in society, the state can

impose restrictions on freedom of religion

6. (b) Right of minorities to establish and administer

educational Institutions described in Article – 30

7. (c) Article – 32 deal with Right to constitutional remedies

right was described by Dr. Ambedkar as the heart and Soul
of the Constitution.

8. (a) Constitution of India is not guaranteed Freedom to own,

require and dispose of property

9. (c) Right to education under the article – 21A this article

was added by constitution Amendment Act 2002 and it is
the 86th Constitution Amendment.

10. (d) The state cannot amend any constitution which violates
the basic feature of constitution.

11. (a) A proclamation of national emergency According

Article – 352 by president and during the Emergency the
Fundamental Rights is suspended but Article 20 and 21
cannot be suspended.

12. (a) Preventive Detention laws. A person can be put in Jail/

custody for two reasons
The custody arising out of the later is preventive detention
and in this, a person is detention is done before the crime
has been Committed.

13. (b) According Article – 19 only to the citizen of India have

Freedom of speech and expression.

14. (a) In Accordance with the text of the constitution a

reasonable restriction in the Interest of sovereignty and
Integrity ‘of India can be imposed on the right to freedom of
Speech and expression.

15. (c) Article – 20 Give Protection in Respect of conviction for

offenses.

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16. (a) According Article – 15 Prohibition of Discrimination
only on Grounds of Religion, Race, caste, sex or place of
Birth.
17. (c) Article – 15 and 16 of constitution of India. Explicitly
Prohibit racial discrimination in India.
18. (c) 44th Constitution Amendment Act 1978 Signifies the
demise of the Fundamental Right to Property Before 1978
there were mainly two Articles to protect private property
Arts 19 (1) (F) and 31 but they were Repealed.
19. (c) According the Article – 19 (a) deal with Freedom of
Speech and Expression.
20. (c) By the 86th Constitution Amendment Act 2002
Insertion of Article 21A related with free and compulsory
education for all children between the age of 6 and 14
years.
21. (b) Article – 19 deal with protection of certain rights
regarding freedom of speech etc.
22. (d) The Supreme Court and high court is empowered to
issue writ in Including, Habeas corpus, mandibles
prohibition, quo warrant and certiorari.
23. (d) Right to go abroad is not a fundamental Right and
Article – 21 deals with protection of life and personal
liberty.
24. (c) 44th Constitution Amendment Act 1978 the right to buy
the property was removed from the list of Fundamental
Rights by the Janta Dal Government.
25. (c)93rd Constitution Amendment Act 2005. The supreme
court delivered a Judgment August 12, 2005 in the case of
P. A. Inandar&ors. Vs. State of Maharashtra and make
provisions for educational reservation.
Level – 2
1. (a) Article – 21A: State shall provide free and compulsory
education to all children of age six to 14 years. Its only for
elementary education not higher or professional education.
Added by 86th Amendment Act 2002.
2. (a) Article 35: to make rows to give effect to certain
specified fundamental rights are only vested with
parliament not In state legislature, to make informing
throughout India.
3. (c) Article 19 (1) (b) of the constitution deals with freedom
of press.
Article – 19(1) freedom of speech & Expression It implies
that every person has right to express his views, opinions,
beliefs by word of mouth.
4. (d) Right to freedom of speech – Article – 19
Right to equality before law – Article – 14
Right to constitutional Remedies – 32 to 35
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Right to equal wages for equal works 5 inserted as DPSP via
Article 39(d) and 4% under it women & men should be
paid equal wages for equal work in public employment.
5. (d) Right of members of armed forces, paramilitary, forces,
police forces, etc can be restricted by Only aliment under
Article 33/
Article – 21: Protection of life & personal liberty it is
guarded during emergency
6. (a) The Supreme Court has Reaffirmed its Judgment in
menaka case that right to privacy (Article 21(4))k is a
funder mental right.
Abolition of untouchability Article 17.
7. (b) The Supreme Court (32)k and high courts (Article 226)
can issue writs about habeas corpus – means to have the
body of can be issued against both public as well as
individual Authority. Mandamus – Means – we command”
Q 40 – Warren to means by what Authority or warrant only
issued in case of a Substantive public office.
Certiorari: Means “to be certified” issued by higher court to
lower court. it is both preventive as well as curative.
8. (d) Right to permanent Hari sing is the Fundamental Right
under Article 21 grunted by supreme court under menka
case – 1978.
Right to life – Article 21
Equality of opportunity in matters of Public employment.
Article 16
9. (b) It was Initialy present In India constitution under part –
III Article – 31 but was Abolished by 44th Amendment Act
1978 By morarji Desai Govt. to Dring the Social Justice by
doing land Reforms.
10. (b) Political rights are given to manage the Govt. By citizens
to citizens to citizens such as: Right to vote, Right to contest
in election, Rights to petition where As right to life is a
fundamental right under Article 21.
11. (c) Part III (Article 12 to 35) described as magna carta for
citizens under it fundamental rights are guaranteed by the
constitution. & they are inspired from USA.
12. (c) 44th Amendment Act, 1978, deleted the Right to
property from Fundamental right & make it legal right by
Mararji Desai Govt.
62 Amendment, 1989 – Extended Reservation of SC & STC.
in Lok – Sabha.
43rd Amendment Act 1947 – Judicial review.
13. (d) The fundamental rights are guaranteed by the
constitution to All the persons with out any discrimination.
There are not Absolute But qualified. Political sufferers are
not given fundamental rights.
14. (d) Supreme Court has been constituted as the defender
and guarantor of fundamental rights of citizens under
Article 32 to Article 35. Its Area of Forcemeat is original not
exclusive.
15. (b) Right to acquire hold and dispose of property, originally
was part of Article 19 (1) (f) under part III. But it was
removed & new Article 300 A inserted in part XII as. Right
to property”.
16. (b) Fundamental rights are at the top of hierarchy followed
by constitutional & legal rights respectively. A legal right is
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created by ordinary law SO can be taken away by Changing Article – 15 Prohibition of discrimination against any
the low, But Fundamental rights are Guaranteed by citizen on grounds only of religion, race, cast, sex or place of
Constitutional and allows a citizen to more supreme Court, birth.
17. (b) By Gopalan case (1950) and Menka Gandhi case (1978)
Supreme court expanded Right to life (Article -21) and
Added total 34 Rights in Article 21 by Menka case.
Right to education (Article 21 A), the Parliament enacted
the RTE Act, 2009.
18. (c) The fundamental rights of the constitution can be
amended by Parliament by special majority. They are not
Permanent or sacrosanct. The parliament can curtailer
repeals them but only by constitutional Amendment not by
an ordinary Act.
19. (d) Originally there was no fundamental duties In Indian
constitution. They are added in 1976. After the
Recommendations of Swaran Singh Committee There are
total 11 Fundamental duties under Part IV A of Indian
Constitution.
20. (d) originally, the Constitution provided for seven FRs, ViZ:
(1) Right to equality (Articles 14-18)
(2) Right to freedom (Articles 19-22)
(3) Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)
(4) Right to freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)
(5) Cultural and educational rights (Article 29-30)
(6) Right to property (Article – 31)
(7) Right to Constitutional remedies (Article 32) However,
the Right to property was deleted by 44th Amendment Act,
1978 sit made legal right under Article 300 A in Part – XII)
21. (d)
Amendment Articles
77th → 16 (4A)
81st → 16 (4B)
82nd → 335
93rd → 15(S)
22. (b) Article – 19 Guarantees to all citizens the six rights,
freedom of speech & Expression is one of them (6). Right to
press/silence/to know about govt. activities etc. are part of
freedom of speech & expression.
23. (b) During National Emergency All the fundamental rights
can be suspend except Fundamental rights of Article 20 &
Article 21. Gopalan case (1950) & Menka case (1978)
related to Article -21
24. (a) 86th Amendment Act, 2002
It made elementary education a fundamental right. Later it
made basis for Right to education (RTE) in India.
87th Amendment Act, 2003:
Delimitation of State constituencies on the basis of 2001
censes instead of 1991. 89th Amendment Act 2003:
It separated the National commission for SCs & STs.
25. (b) Article – 16 (1) Parliament can Prescribe residence as a
condition for certain employment.
Article – 16 (2): The state can provide reservations of
appointments or posts to backward class that is not
adequately represented in the state – services

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Chapter –7
Directive Principles of State Policy & Fundamental Duties

The Directive principles of state Policy are guidelines to the • Originally 10 Fundamental Duties were added but 86th
central and state Government; it is the duty of the state to apply constitution Amendment Act 2002 was added 11th Fundamental
these Principles in making laws to establish a just society in the
Duty.
country.
These Provisions are contained in part IV of the constitutions of should be duty of every citizen of India
India. Art. (36 to 51)
1. To be abide by the constitution and Respect its ideals and
Article: 36 Definition of state.
Institutions, the national Flag and the national anthem.
Article: 37 Application of the principles contained in this part.
2. To cherish and follow the noble idea which inspired our
Article: 38 State to Secure as social order for the promotions of
welfare of the people. national struggle for Freedom.
Article: 39 Certain principle of policy to be Followed by the 3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, Unity And integrity
state.
of India.
Article: 39(A) Equal Justice and free legal aid.
4. To defend the country and render national service when
Article: 40 Organization of village Panchayats.
called upon to do so.
Article: 41 Right to work, Education and Public Assistance in
certain cases. 5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common
Article: 42 Provision for just and Humane conditions of work brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending
and maternity Relief.
religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and
Article: 43 Living wage, etc. for workers.
to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
Article: 43A Participation of workers in management of
Industries. 6. To value and Preserve the rich heritage of the country’s
Article: 43B Promotions of cooperative societies. composite culture.
Article: 44 Uniform civil code for the citizens. 7. To protect and improve the natural environment including
Article: 45 Provision for free & compulsory education for forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion
children until they complete the age of 14 years.
for living creatures.
Article: 46 Promotion of educational and economic Interests of
scheduled castes, schedule tribes and other weaker sections. To develop scientific temper humanism and the spirit of
Article: 47 Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the inquiry and reforms:
standard of living and improve public health.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence:
Article: 48 Organization agriculture and Animal husbandry.
10. To Strive towards Excellence in all spheres of individual
Article: 48 A Protection of monuments and palaces and objects
of national importance, cow slaughter and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to
Article: 49 Protection of monuments and palaces and objects of higher levels of Endeavour and achievement:
national Importance.
11. To prove opportunities for education to his child or ward
Article: 50 Separation of judiciary from Executive.
between the age of six and fourteen years.
Article: 51 Promotion of international peace and security
Note: -This duty was added by the 86th constitution amendment

Fundamental Duties: -Article- 51 A Act – 2002.

The Fundamental Duties of citizens are added to the constitution

by the 42nd Amendment Act 1976 Recommendations of the
Swaran Singh committee. and added a new part IV A and Article
51A in the constitution there are 11 Fundamental Duties.

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8. Right to work in India is a:
LEVEL - 1 (a) Fundamental right (b) Directive principle
1. Which one of the following is not stated as a Directive (c) Constitutional right (d) Constitutional duty
Principle of State Policy in the Constitution of India?
9. Which one of the following is not a correct description of
(a) Organization of village panchayats the Directive Principles of State Policy?
(b) Uniform civil code for the citizens (a) Directive Principles are not enforceable by the courts.
(c) Separation of Judiciary from Executive (b) Directive Principles have a political sanction.
(d) Right of minorities to establish and administer (c) Directive principles are declaration of objectives for
educational institutions State Legislation.
2. Though the Directive Principle of state Policy Contained in the (d) Directive Principles promise equal income and free
Constitution are not enforceable by any court, yet they are: health care for all Indians.
(a) Fundamental in the governance of the country 10. Which of the following provisions need to be amended by
(b) Binding on the state special majority?
(c) Enforceable at the instance of the President of India (a) Fundamental Rights and DPSC
(d) Superior to fundamental Rights (b) 5th and 6th Schedule
3. With respect to the Directive Principles of State Policy, (c) List in 7th Schedule
which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? (d) Manner of election of President
(a) To Secure just and humane conditions of work and 11. Which one of the following is not stated as a Directive
maternity relief: Article 42 Principle of State Policy in the Constitution of India?
(b) To organize village panchayats as units of self- (a) Organization of village panchayats
government: Article 40 (b) Uniform civil code for the citizens
(c) To secure the improvement of public health and the (c) Separation of Judiciary from Executive
prohibition of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are
(d) Right of minorities to establish and administer
injurious to health: Article 47
educational institutions
(d) To protect all monuments of historic interest and
12. Though the Directive Principle of state Policy Contained in
national importance: Article 50
the Constitution are not enforceable by any court, yet they
4. Which one of the following is not the objective of the are:
Directive principles of state policy? (a) Fundamental in the governance of the country
(a) To establish a welfare state (b) Binding on the state
(b) To ensure socio – economic justice (c) Enforceable at the instance of the President of India
(c) To establish a religious state (d) Superior to fundamental Rights
(d) To establish a secular state 13. With respect to the Directive Principles of State Policy,
5. The term ‘equal pay for equal work’ is a: which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Directive Principle of State Policy (a) To Secure just and humane conditions of work and
maternity relief : Article 42
(b) Fundamental Right
(b) To organize village panchayats as units of self-
(c) Fundamental Duty
government : Article 40
(d) Constitutional Right
(c) To secure the improvement of public health and the
6. “Directive Principles of State policy are the conscience of prohibition of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are
the constitution which embody the social philosophy of the injurious to health: Article 47
constitution” was described by: (d) To protect all monuments of historic interest and
(a) Granville Austin (b) A.V. Dicey national importance : Article 50
(c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (d) K.C. Wheare
14. Which one of the following is not the objective of the
Directive principles of state policy?
7. The Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental for
the: (a) To establish a welfare state
(a) upliftment of backward classes (b) To ensure socio – economic justice

(b) Protection of individual rights (c) To establish a religious state

(c) Administration of justice (d) To establish a secular state

(d) Governance of state

15. The term ‘equal pay for equal work’ is a:
(a) Directive Principle of State Policy

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(b) Fundamental Right 1. Efforts to be made for the development of weaker or
(c) Fundamental Duty backward sections of the society.
(d) Constitutional Right 2. Prohibition on the use of intoxicating liquor except for
medicinal purposes.
3. Organisation of village panchayats.
16. “Directive Principles of State policy are the conscience of
the constitution which embody the social philosophy of the 4. Establishment of cottage and small scale industries in
constitution” was described by: rural areas.
(a) Granville Austin (b) A.V. Dicey Codes:
(c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (d) K.C. Wheare (a) 1,3 and 4 (b) 1,2 and 3
(c) 2,3 and 4 (d) All of these
17. The Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental for
the: 23. Match the following
(a) upliftment of backward classes List I List II
(b) Protection of individual rights A. Article 39A 1. Human conditions of work
(c) Administration of justice maternity relief
(d) Governance of state B. Article 40 2. Equal justice and free legal
aid
C. Article 42 3. Organisation of Village
18. Right to work in India is a:
panchayats
(a) Fundamental right (b) Directive principle
D. Article 44 4. Provision for uniform civil
(c) Constitutional right (d) Constitutional duty code for the citizens

19. Which one of the following is not a correct description of Codes

the Directive Principles of State Policy?
ABCD ABCD
(a) Directive Principles are not enforceable by the courts.
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 3 2 1 4
(b) Directive Principles have a political sanction.
(c) 2 3 1 4 (d) 4 3 2 1
(c) Directive principles are declaration of objectives for
State Legislation.
24. Which of the following is not including the Directive
(d) Directive Principles promise equal income and free
Principles of State Policy?
health care for all Indians.
(a) Prohibition of Liquor
(b) Right to work
20. Which of the following provisions need to be amended by
special majority? (c) Equal wage for Equal work
(a) Fundamental Rights and DPSC (d) Right to Information
(b) 5th and 6th Schedule 25. The Directive Principles of state policy is a cheque which is
paid on Banks convenience. Who told it?
(c) List in 7th Schedule
(a) BR Ambedkar
(d) Manner of election of President
(b) KM Munshi
(c) Rajendra Prasad
21. Which of the following are the difference between the
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles? (d) KT Seth
1. Fundamental Rights are negative instructions, while the
Directive Principles are positive instruction to the
Government. LEVEL - 2
2. Fundamental Rights are justiciable while the Directive 1. Which of the following duties have been prescribed by the
Principle are non- Justiciable. Indian constitution as Fundamental Duties?
3. Fundamental Rights enjoy constitution basis while the 1. To defend the country
Directive Principles are based on conventions.
2. To pay income tax
Codes
3. To preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
4. To safeguard public property
(c) 1,2 and 3 (d) None of these
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 4
22. What are the Gandhian Principles incorporated in the
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
Indian Constitution?

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2. Which of the following is a fundamental duty of every 8. Which of the following are included as the Fundamental
citizen of India? Duties?
(a) To be truthful to one’s duties 1. To abide by the Constitution and have respect for its
(b) To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of ideals and institutions.
children 2. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and
(c) To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of integrity of India.
human beings 3. To ensure rule of law in the country.
(d) To renounce Practices derogatory to the dignity of 4. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
women Codes
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
3. The ‘Fundamental Duties’ are intended to serve as a (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
reminder to:
(a) The state to perform duties conferred by the
9. The Fundamental Duties were included in the Constitution
Constitution
with the idea of
(b) The judiciary to administer justice properly
(a) Giving more importance to the Fundamental Rights.
(c) Every citizen to observe basic norms of democratic
(b) curbing subversive and unconstitutional activities.
conduct
(c) preventing abuse of Fundamental Rights.
(d) The legislature to make laws for the welfare of the
people (d) giving more powers to the Executive

4. Fundamental duties have been added in the constitution by 10. which one of the following is a Fundamental Duties in
42nd Amendment Act, 1976, in accordance with the India?
recommendations of: (a) Separation of judiciary from executive
(a) Santhannam Committee (b) To value and preserve the heritage of our composite
(b) Sarkaria Committee culture
(c) Swaransingh Committee (c) Free and compulsory education to children
(d) Inira Gandhi – Nehru committee (d) Abolition of untouchability

5. Which one of the following is not a fundamental duty? 11. Which of the following is correct matched?
(a) To respect the National Anthem (a) Part II of the : Fundamental
(b) To safeguard public property Constitution Right
(c) To protect monuments and places of national (b) Part III of the : Citizenship
importance Constitution
(d) To protect and improve the natural environment (c) Part IV of the : Fundamental
Constitution Duties
6. Which of the following Articles of the constitution of India (d) Part V of the : Directive
relate to the protection and improvement of environment? Constitution Principle of the
(a) Article 48A only State Policy
(b) Article 51A only
(c) Both Article 48A and Article 51A 12. Which one of the following is not a Fundamental Duties?
(d) Neither Article 48A nor Article 51A (a) To respect the National Anthem
(b) To safeguard public property
7. The Fundamental Duties of a citizen include (c) To protect monuments and places of public importance
1. Respect for the Constitution, the National Flag and the (d) To protect and improve the natural environment
National Anthem.
2. To develop the scientific temper.
13. Which of the following Acts provides legal provision for
3. Respect for the Government. implementation of Fundamental Duties?
4. To protect wildlife. 1. Representation of People Act, 1951
Codes 2. The Protection of Civil Right Act, 1955
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 4 3. Wildlife Protection Act
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4 Choose the correct option
(a) 2 and 3 (b) Only 2
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(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 4. Fundamental Duties are applicable only to citizens of
India.
14. Which of the following is/are among the Fundamental Codes
Duties of citizens laid down in the Indian Constitution? (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
1. To preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
2. To protect the weaker sections from social injustices
3. To develop the scientific temper and spirit of enquiry 19. How many fundamental duties is there Indian constitution?
4. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual (a) 10 (b) 11
and collective activity (c) 8 (d) 20
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
[UPSC 2012] 20. How many fundamental duties were recommended by the
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 Swarn Singh committee?
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (a) 11 (b) 10
(c) 8 (d) 20
15. The Fundamental Duties of a citizen of India include
1. to protect and improve the nature environment. 21. The fundamental duties of India are inspired from which
2. to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our country?
national struggle for freedom. (a) USSR (b) Britain
3. to develoo scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of (c) USA (d)Canada
inquiry and reform.
4. to strive towards achieving equal protection of law. 22. Who was the law minister at the time of when fundamental
Codes duties were incorporated?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 2 (a) B R Ambedkar (b) H R Gokhale
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c)Indira Gandhi (d) Swarn Singh

23. Which of the following committee is related to the

16. Which one among the following is not a Fundamental Duty fundamental duties?
of the citizen of India? (a) Verma committee (b) Swarn Singh committee
[CDS 2012] (c) Dhar committee (d) a and b both
(a) To develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit
of inquiry and reform 24. By which constitutional amendment act the fundamental
(b) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence duties are added in Indian constitution?
(c) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and (a) 44th (b) 42nd
integrity of India (c)74th (d) 73rd
(d) To practice family planning and to control population
17. In which of the following years the fundamental duties have 25. Protection of wild life is comes under which of the
ben added to the existent constitution of India? following in India?
(a) 1965 (b)1976 (a)DPSP (b) Fundamental rights
(c)1979 (d)1982 (c) Fundamental duties (d) both a and c

18. Which of the following statements regarding the

Fundamental Duties contained in the Constitutional of
India are correct?
[CDS 2010]
1. Fundamental Duties can be enforced through writ
jurisdiction.
2. Fundamental Duties have formed a part of the
Constitution of India since its adoption.
3. Fundamental Duties have become a part of the
Constitution of India in accordance with the
recommendations of the Swarn Singh Committee.

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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (d) Right of minorities to establish and administers
educational Institutions is not stated as a directive
principle while this is a fundamental Rights.
2. (a) Directive Principles of State policy Contained in the
Constitution are not enforceable by any court but they are
Fundamental in the governance of the country .
3. (d) Article – 50 deal with Separation of Judiciary
4. (c) To establish a religious state in not the objective of the
Directive principle of state policy it has been not adopted in
Indian Constitution.
5. (a) According Article – 39d – The state shall Particular
directs its policy towards securing – that there is equal pay
for equal work for both men and women.
6. (a) Granville Austin was an American historian and author
of two seminal political histories of the constitution of
India. working a Democratic constitution
8. (b) Right to work in India is a Directive principle it is
placed in part IV of the Indian constitution under Article –
41
9. (d) Directive Principle is not description of promise equal
income and free health care for all Indians.
10. (a) Special majority: As per Article 368, It requires majority
2 Jammu and Kashmir, where J&K Right to Information Act is
of rd members present and voting supported by more
3
than 50% of total strength. fundamental Rights (Under Part
III) &DPSP (Part - IV) should be Amended By special
majority.
11. (d) Right of minorities to establish and administers
educational Institutions is not stated as a directive
principle while this is a fundamental Rights.
12. (a) Directive Principles of State policy Contained in the
Constitution is not enforceable by any court but they are
Fundamental in the governance of the country.
13. (d) Article – 50 deal with Separation of Judiciary
14. (c) To establish a religious state in not the objective of the
Directive principle of state police it has been not adopted in
Indian Constitution.
15. (a) According Article – 39 d – The state shall Particular
directs its policy towards securing – that there is equal pay
for equal work for both men and women.
16. (a) Austin is the author of two seminal political histories of
the constitution of India, The Indian Constitution:
Cornerstone of a Nation and Working a Democratic
Constitution: The Indian Experience. He was the American
historian.
17. (d) DPSP is fundamental to run the governance in India.
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18. (b) Right to work in India is a Directive principle it is
placed in part IV of the Indian constitution under Article –
41
19. (d) Directive Principle is not description of promise equal
income and free health care for all Indians.
20. (a) Special majority: As per Article 368, It requires majority
2
of rd members present and voting supported by more
3
than 50% of total strength. Fundamental Rights (Under
Part III) &DPSP (Part - IV) should be amended By special
majority.
21. (a) Fundamental rights have legal sanctions while DPSP
have moral and political sanctions.
Fundamental rights focus on welfare of the individual.
Hence, they are personal and individualistic. While DPSP
promote the welfare of the community. Hence, they are
socialistic.
22. (d) they represent the programme of reconstruction
enunciated by Gandhi during the national movement.
Article 40 to 48 belongs to the Gandhian principles. Like
decentralization of power, welfare of downtrodden,
education to all, environment conscience, etc.
23. (c) Artical-39A: Equal justice and free legal aid
Artical-40: Organisation of village panchayats
Artical-42: Provision for just and humane conditions of
work and maternity relief
Article -44: Uniform civil code for the citizens
24. (d) RTI stands for Right to Information. RTI is a part of
fundamental rights under Article 19(1) of the Constitution.
Article 19 (1) says that every citizen has freedom of speech
and expression. The Act covers the whole of India except
in force.
25. (a) Dr. Ambedkar stated in constitutional assembly that,”
The Directive Principal of state policy is a cheque which is
paid on bank’s convenience.”
In the words of Dr. B.R Ambedkar, ‘the Directive Principles
are like the instrument of instructions.”
Level - 2
1. (d) The Fundamental Duties of citizens are added to the
constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act 1976 there are 11
Fundamental Duties but to pay Income tax is not a
fundamental Duties.
2. (d) Originally 10 Fundamental Duties were added but, by
86th Constitution Amendment Act 2002 11th Fundamental
Duty was added.
3. (c) The Fundamental Duties are intended to serve as a
reminder to every citizen to observe basic norms of
democratic conduct.
4. (c) The fundamental Duties of citizens are added to the
constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 in
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accordance with the recommendation of swaransingh
committee. And added a new part IV A and Article – 51 (A)
in the constitution.
5. (c) To protect monuments and places of national
Importance is not a Fundamental duty
6. (c) Both article – 48 A and Article 51 A relate to the
protection and Improvement of environment.
7. (d) 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976 added a
new part, namely, Part IVA to the Constitution. This
consists of, Article 51A which for the first time specified a
code of ten fundamental duties. The 11th duty was added
by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002. There is
no mention of respect of govt. as the fundamental duty in
the constitution
8. (a) To ensure rule of law in country is not a fundamental
duty but a moral duty of citizens.
To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and
institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; is
the first fundamental duty.
To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity
of India is the third fundamental duty.
To safeguard public property and to abjure violence is the
9th fundamental duty.
9. (b) The fundamental duties were inserted in Indian
constitution, in part IV as Article 51A of Indian constitution.
They were incorporated to curbing subversive and
unconstitutional or anti national activities.
10. (b) To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s
composite culture; It is one of the 11 Fundamental duties.
Artical-17: Abolition of untouchability
Article 21A: Free and compulsory education to children
11. (c)
Part II – Citizenship.
Part III – Fundamental Rights.
Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy.
Part IVA – Fundamental Duties.
Part V – The union.
12. (c) To protect monuments and places of public importance
is not a fundamental duty but a moral duty, while respect
the national anthem, safeguard public property, and
improve the natural environment is the fundamental
duties.
13. (c) The RPA, 1951 is an act of Parliament of India to
provide for the conduct of election in India.
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The protection of civil rights act, 1955 is An Act to
prescribe punishment for the preaching and practice of
Untouchability
The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is enacted for protection
of plants and animal species.
These all the acts have the legal sanction, over their
violation.
14. (c) To protect the weaker sections from the social injustice
is not a fundamental duty.
There are 11 Fundamental duties in the Indian constitution,
viz. to value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s
composite culture; to develop scientific temper, humanism
and the spirit of inquiry and reform; to safeguard public
property and to abjure violence;
to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and
collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to
higher levels of endeavor and achievement and so on.
15. (d) To strive towards achieving equal protection of law, is
not a fundamental duty but the fundamental right under
article 14.
(a) to abide by the Constitution
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals of national
struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and
integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when
called upon to do
16. (d) To practice family planning and to control population is
not the fundamental duty under article 51A, but some
expert of constitution said that it should be made a
fundamental duty.
17. (b) The fundamental duties were inserted in Indian
constitution, in part IV as Article 51A of Indian constitution
in 1976 by 42nd constitutional amendment act.
18. (d) Fundamental duties were originally not the part of the
constitution but the fundamental rights. The fundamental
duties were inserted in Indian constitution, in part IV as
Article 51A of Indian constitution in 1976 by 42nd
constitutional amendment act. Fundamental duties are
non- justiciable in nature, means they can notenforced by
the rule of law.
19. (b) At present there are 11 fundamental duties in Indian
constitution, by 42nd constitutional amendment act of 1976
10 fundamental duties were inserted and 11th duty was
added by 86th constitutional amendment act, 2002.
20. (c) The Swarn Singh committee recommended 8
fundamental duties.
At present there are 11 fundamental duties in Indian
constitution, by 42nd constitutional amendment act of 1976
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10 fundamental duties were inserted and 11th
duty was
added by 86th constitutional amendment act, 2002.

21. (a) The Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution are

inspired by the Constitution of erstwhile USSR. Japanese
Constitution is, perhaps, the only democratic Constitution
in world which contains a list of duties of citizens.

22. (b) H R Gokhle was the law minister and the Indira Gandhi
was the then Prime Minister.

23. (d) The Verma Committee on Fundamental Duties of the

Citizens (1999) identified the existence of legal provisions
for the implementation of some of the Fundamental Duties.
Dhar committee was related to the state reorganization.

24. (b)
The fundamental duties were added in the constitution by
the 42nd constitutional amendment act of 1976. By the 73rd
and 74th constitutional amendment act are related to the
Panchayati raj and Municipalities respectively.

25. (d) Protection of wild life is a fundamental duty as well as

directive principle of Indian constitution, the protection of
wild life act 1972 is there to protect and conserve the
wildlife.

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Chapter –8
Union Executive
• Part of Government – • Election process
(i) Legislator – Law making (i) Value of the vote of an MLA: -
(ii) Executive – To Apply Total Population of state
 1000
(iii) Judiciary – To Protects Total number of elected member
Note: - State Government also has similar organs. in the state legislative Assembly
Central legislature (Parliament) • Value of the vote of an MP: - (Member of Parliament)
Total Value of votes of all MLAs of
Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha President all states
 1000
States Legislature Total number of elected member
of parliament

Legislative Legislative  Then the quota of votes a candidate needs to win the
Governor
assembly Council elections, is determined in the following manner.
• Electoral Quota: -
Central Executive
Total numbers of valid votes polled
+1
President Prime minister 1+1
Council of minister
• Article -56 – Term of office The president
States Executive
The president is elected for a period of five years from the
date on which he enters his office. The president’s office
Governor Chief minister State council of minister may terminate within the term of five years in either of two
ways
• Judiciart System
(i) By resignation in writing addressing to the vice –
(i) Supreme court → Center level
president of India.
(ii) High Court → State level (ii) By removal for violation of the constitution by the
(iii) District court District level process of impeachment
(iv) Subordinate court Local Court
• Union executive • Article – 57 Eligibility for re-elections.

• President of India
Article Subject • Article: -58Qualifications for the President.
(i) is a citizen of India
52 Will be president of India
(ii) has completed age of 35 years
53 All Executive power in president of the union
(iii) is qualified for election as a member of the loksabha.
54 Election of president by the electoral college
(iv) is not holding any office of profit
A part from these 50 approvals and 50 proposers should be
• Members of electoral college
in electoral college.
(i) The elected members of the both house of parliament.
Every candidate has to make a security deposit of: - 15,000
(ii) The elected members of the legislative Assemblies of the in RBI.
states.
The security deposit is liable to be forfeited in case the
Note: - In this article and in Article 55 “state” includes the
1
national capital territory of Delhi and the union territory of candidate fails to secure × numbers of the votes polled.
6
Puducherry.
Article: -55 The president is elected by proportional • Article- 59Conditions of president’s office
representation with single Transferable vote system. A member of parliament and legislature of any state is elected as
president. he shall be donned to have violated his seats in that
house on the date on which he enters his office as president.

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• Article-60Oath or Affirmation by the president.
The oath of office to be president is Administered by the chief
justice of India and in his absence the senior most Judge of the
supreme court available.
• Article -61: Impeachment of the president.
Impeachment is process of Removing the President from office.
Article -62Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of president and the term of office or person elected to fill casual
vacancy.
An Election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of president shall be completed before the time.
Power and Functions of the president.
Executive legislative Judiciary Financial
power power power power
(Art. 52 (Art. 79 to (Art. 124
to 78) 123) to 147)
• Emergency powers of the president
(i) Article – 352: - national Emergency
(ii) Article – 356: - State Emergency
(iii) Article – 360: - Financial Emergency
(i) Executive power: - (Article 52 to 78)
Article -53: - All executive power in president.
Every Executive action of the union and Government of India
shall be expressed to be taken in the name of president.
Article-75: President has appointed prime minister on the
recommendation of the prime minister, the president Appoints
rest of the union council of ministers.
Article-76: The president appoints the Attorney General of India.
Article-77: Conduct of business of the Government of India by
Name of president.
Article-78: Duties of prime minister in respect to furnishing of
Information to the president.
• Other Appointments By the president.
He also Appoints Governors of states, Judges of Supreme Court
and High court.
He appoints the comptroller and Auditor General of India. The
chief election commissioner and other election commissioners,
Chairman and other member of union public service commission,
Chairman and member of Finance commission and linguistic
commission.
The President also appoints a commission to Investigate into the
conditions of SC, ST and OBC and can declare any Area as
scheduled Area.
2. Legislative Power: -
Article-79: The president is part of parliament with the loksabha
and Rajy Sabha
Article -85: Under this, the president cans session, Prorogation,
dissolution of the loksabh
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An Impeachment is a quasi – judicial procedure in the
parliament. the nominated members of parliament can
participate in the impeachment of the president, though they do
not participate in his election.
 The president can be impeached on the grounds of the
constitution and has to be informed in writing 14 days in
advance about intention to initiate impeachment proceedings.
Diplomatic Military State related Veto powers
power powers power
Article- 86: The president can speak Address in a parliament of
both Houses and single House and there is also the right to send
information regarding any pending bills.
Article-87: He can address the parliament at the commencement
of the first session after each general election and the first
session of each year.
Article -103: He decides on questions as to disqualifications of
members of the parliament in consolation with the election
commission.
Article -108: He can summon a joint sitting of both the houses
and parliament, which is presided over by the speaker of the
loksabha.
Article-111: After passing bill by parliament that bill is sent to
the president for permission and after the signature of the
president any bill makes the law.
Article -123: He can promulgate ordinance when the parliament
is not in session. These ordinances must be approved by the
parliament within six weeks from its reassembly. He can also
withdraw an ordinance any time.
Article -331: He can nominate two members to lok Sabha from
the Anglo-Indian community.
He nominates 12 members of the Rajya sabha from [Article -80
(1) ] amongst persons having special knowledge or practical
experience in literature, science, art and social service.
The following motions cannot be presented in parliament
without the recommend – action of the president.
A bill in valuing expenditure from the consolidated fund to India.
A bill for the alternation of boundaries of states or creation of
new state.
Judicial powers: -
Article -124: - He appoints the chief Judges and the Judges of the
supreme court and High courts.
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Article -143: He can seek advice from the supreme court any The president can declare such on emergency only on the basis
question of law or Fact. However, the advice tendered by the of–
Supreme Court is not binding on the president. (i) Written request by the cabined of minister headed by the
Article-72: He can grant pardon, reprieve respite and remission Prime Minister.
of punishment of suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any (ii) Such a proclamation must be Approved by the parliament
person convicted of any offence. with two thirds majority within one months
(i) all the cases were the punishment or sentence is by a court  Such an Emergency can be imposed for six months.
martial.
 I can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary
(ii) all cases were the punishment or sentence is for on offence approval there is no maximum duration.
against a union law
(iii) in all cases were the sentence is a a sentence of death.
State emergency
Financial powers.
Article -356: If the president is fully satisfied, on the basis of the
Money bills can be introduced in the parliament only with his report of the Governor.
prior recommendation.
A state Emergency can be imposed via the following: -
He causes to be laid before the Parliament the annual financial
(i) If that state failed to run constitutionally
statement (i.e. the annual budget)
(ii) If that state is not working According to the direction of the
He can make advances out of the contingency fund of India to
union Government Issued per the provisions of the constitution.
meet any unforeseen expenditure.
This type of emergency needs the Approval of the parliament
He constitutes a finance commission after five years to
within 2 months.
recommend distribution of revenues between the center and the
states. Financial Emergency
No demand for a grant can be mode except on his Article -360: When the president Feels that financial stability or
recommendation. reputation threatened the he can declare a financial emergency.
Diplomatic Power: - It has not happened yet.
The International treaties and Agreements are negotiated and President
concluded on behalf of the president. However, they are subject 1. Dr. Rajendra prasad 24 January (1950 to 1962)
to the approval of the parliament. → First president of India
He represents India in International Forums and affairs and → first nominated and elected president
sends and receives diplomats like ambassadors, high
→ longestterm of office
commissioners.
2. Dr. Radha krishman (1962 to 1967)
Military power
→ First vice president of India
He is the supreme commander of the defense force of India.
→ First time 352
He appoints the chiefs of the army, the navy and the Air force.
3. Dr. Zakir Hussain (1967 to 1969)
He can declare war or conclude peace, subject to the Approval of
the parliament. → First muslim president
Veto power → The First to die during his tenure
Article-111 When a bill is presented to the president for his → Shortest tenure.
assent, he has three alternatives. 4. V. V Giri (1969) (Acting)
(i) He may give his assent to the bill. → Vice president
(ii) He may withhold his assent to the bill. → First Acting president.
(iii) He may return the bill. 5. Justice m. Hidayat –ul- lah – (1969) (Acting)
State related power → Was also the chief Justice of India.
A bill for the alternation of boundaries of states or creation of a → Second Acting president.
new state by his prior recommendation or permission. 6. V.V. Giri – (1969 to 1974)
Emergency powers of president. → First non – Farsi candidate.
(i) National emergency A national emergency can be declared → Second time – 352 announcements.
in the whole of India or a part of its territory for causes of war or
→ the first time second vote count. (Re – count)
armed rebellion or an External Aggression such an emergency
was declared in India. 7. F. Ali Ahmed (1974 to 1977)
(i) 1962 Indo china war → Second candidate who died in office
(ii) 1971 Indo pak war → First announcement due tointernal disturbance
Emergency.
(iii) 1975 declared by Indira Gandhi

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8. B. D Jatti (1977) (Acting) Article-68: Timeof holding election to fill vacancy in the office of
→ Third Acting president vice president and the term of office of person election to fill
casual vacancy.
→ The First Acting president who sworn oath of the Prime
Minister (Morarji Desai) Article-69: Oath

9. Sanjeeva Reddy (1977 to 1982) The President administers the oath to the vice- president

→ youngest president (64 year)
→ First uncontested
10. GianiZail Singh (1982 to 1987)
→ First Sikh President.
→ The First-time use Jebi veto (Art. 111)
11. R. Venkataraman (1987 to 1992)
→ Oldest president (76 year.)
12. Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992 to 1997)
13. N.R. Narayanan (1997 to 2002)
→ First Dalit President
14. A.P.J. Abdul kalam (2002 to 2007)
Article -70: Discharge of President’s Function in other
Contingencies
Article -71: Matters relating to President and vice – President
election
Qualifications of the vice President
(i) He should be a citizen of India
(ii) He should have completed 35 years of age.
(iii) He should be qualified for election as a member of Rajya
Sabah.
(iv) He should not hold any office of profit under the union
Government and any state Governmentand Local Authority or
Any other Public Authority.

→ First Scientist to become president The nomination of a candidate for elections to the vice –
President must be subscribed by at least 20 electors as proposers
15. Pratibha Devising Patil (2007 to 2012)
and 20 electors as seconders.
→ First Women to become President.
Every candidate has to make a security deposit of 1500 in the
16. Pranab Mukherjee (2012 to 2017) Reserve Bank of India.
17. Ram nath Kovind (2017 to present) Vice –President of India till date
Current president 1. Dr. Radhakrishan (1952 to 1962)
 So for 14 people have become president. and 2. Dr. Zakir hussain (1962 to 1967)
 15 elections have been done. 3. V.V. Giri (1967 – 1969)
 Chief Justice JS. kehar sworn oath to Ram Nath kovind on 4. G.S. Pathak (1969 -74)
25 July 2017.
5. B.D. Jatti (1974 to 1979)
 Highest MLA vote value: U.P. (208) 6. M. Hidayatullah (1979 to 1984)
 Minimum vote value Sikkim: (07) 7. R. Venkataraman (1984 to 1987)
 Vote value of Rajasthan: 129 8. Dr. Shankar DayalSahrma (1987 to 1992)
Note: - Vote value is calculated as per census 1971. 9. K.R. Narayanan (1992 to 1997)
Vice President 10. Krishna Kant (1997 to 2002)
Article – 63:Will be a vice president 11. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (2002 to 2007)
Article -64: Will be the chairman (Speaker) of Rajy Sabha 12. Hamid Ansari (2007 to 2017)
Article -65: President will be the president on vacancy. 13. Venkaiah Naidu (2017 to current)
Article -66: Election Indirect by Public
He is elected by the same processes of President Election, Thus, Prime minster
this Electoral College is different from the Electoral College id
In the scheme of Parliamentary system of Government, The
different from the Electoral College for the election of the
president is the nominal Executive Authority (de Jure Executive)
president in the following two respects:
and prime minister is the real Executive authority (de facto
(i) It consists of both elected and nominated members of the executive) In other words president is the head of the state while
parliament prime minister is the head of the government.
(ii) It does not include the members of the State legislative Appointment of Prime minister
assemblies
The President has to appoint the leader of the majority party in
Article -67: Tenure 5 years the Lok Sabha as the prime minister. But when no party has a
He can resign from his office at any time by addressing the clear majority in the Lok Sabha,then the president my Exercise
resignation letter to the president. his personal discretion in the selection and Appointment of the
He can be removed by a resolution of the Rajya Sabha passed by Prime Minister.
a Special Majority and Agreed to by Lok Sabha. Constitutionally, the Prime minister may be member of any of
the two House of Parliament can be Appointed as prime minister.

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Indira Gandhi 1966, H.D. Deve Gowda (1996) , and Man Mohan
Singh (2004) were members of the Rajya Sabha.
Oath and term
Before the prime minister enters upon his office the president
administers to him the oaths of office and secrecy.
The term of the prime minister is not Fixed and he holds office
during the pleasure of the president however, this does not mean
that the president can dismiss the prime minister at any time, so
long as the Prime minister enjoys the majority support in the Lok
Sabha, he cannot be dismissed by the president However, If he
loses the confidence of the Lok Sabha. He must resign or the
President can dismiss him.
• Power and Function of the Prime minister
The President can appoint only those persons as ministers who
are recommended by the prime minister.
He guides, directs controls, and coordinates’ the activities of the
entire minister.
He allocates and reshuffles various Portfolios among the
ministers.
He Presides over the meeting of council of ministers and
influences its decisions.
He is the principal channel of communication between them and
president and the council of minister.
He advises the president with regard to the Appointment of
Important officials like attorney General of India, Comptroller
and Auditor General of India, Chairmen and members of UPSC,
elections commissioners, chairman and members of the Finance
Commission.
He advised the president with regarded to summoning and
proroguing of the sessions of the parliament.
He can recommend dissolution of the lok Sabha to President at
any time.
He announces government policies on the floor of the House.
He is the crisis manager – in –Chief at the political level during
emergencies.
He is leader of the party in power and Lok Sabha.
He plays a significant role in shaping the foreign policy of the country.
He is chairman of the planning commission (Now NITI Aayog) ,
National Development Council, National Integration council,
Interstate council, and National water Resources Council.
• Article Related to Prime minister
Article -74: Council ministers to aid and Advise president.
Article-75: Other Provisions as to ministers like appointment.
Term of office, salaries, etc
Article-77: Conduct of business of the Government of India
Article-78: Duties of prime minister as respects the furnishing of
Information of the President.
• Central Council of minister
Constitutional Provisions
Article-74: Council of minister to aid and advise president
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Article-75: The prime minister shall be appointed by the
president and the other ministers shall be appointed by the
president on the advice of the prime minister.
The total number of ministers, including the prime minister in
the council of minister shall not exceed 15% of the total strength
of the lokSabah,this provision was added by the 91th
Amendment Act 2003.
A member of either house of parliament who is disqualified on
the ground of defection shall also be disqualified to be appointed
as a minister. This provision was also added by 91st Amendment
Act of 2003.
The salaries and Allowances of minister and prime minister shall
be determined by the Parliament.
The council of ministers shall be collectively responsible to the
Lok Sabha.
The president shall administer the oaths of office and secrecy to
a minister.
The ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the
President.
• Article-88: Rights of ministers as Respects in House
Every minister shall have the right to speak and take post in the
proceeding of either/houses, any joint sitting of the Houses and
any committee of parliament of which he may be named as a
member, But he shall not be entitled to vote.
• Composition of the Council of minister
1. Cabinet minister: - They head important ministries of the
central Government’s department. They are the first rank
minister.
2. Minister of state:The minister of state can either be give
independent charge of ministries/departments or can be
attached to cabinet ministers. They work under the cabinet
minister.
They are the second rank minister
Deputy Ministers: They are not given Independent charge
to ministers department It is the Third rank minister.
Kitchen cabinet: It is an informal body consisting of prime
minister and two or more influential colleagues in whom he
has faith.
• Prime minister of India 1946 to 2019
1. Pandit Jawar Lal Nehru 1946 to 1964
First Prime minister of India, died in office, also had the
longest tenure (17 years)
Three time oath
Punchsheel Theory
Mausoleum -Shantivan
2. Gulzarilalnanda 27-051964 to 09-06-1964
First Acting Prime minister.
3. Lal Bhadur Shastri (9-06-1965 to 11-01-1966)
Only Prime minister to die abroad during an official tour.
Slogan of Jai Jawan Jai Kisan
Tashkand Agreement between India and Pakistan
Mausoleum - Ubhayghat
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4. Gulzari Lal Nanda (11-02-1966 to 24-01-1966) RTI – 2005
First to become Acting Prime minister twice RTE – 2009
5. Indira Gandhi (24-01-1966 to 24-03-1977) NAREGA – 2008
First woman Prime minister of India. Food security bill – 2013
First Prime minister to lose an election. Lokpal Bill pass - 2014
First member of Rajya sabha who become Prime Minister. 19. Narendra Modi (26-05-2014 to Till date)
At the time, the most controversial 42th
constitution First Prime Minister born after Independence and served as
Amendment Act 1976 called the mini constitution was in chief minister of Gujarat.
1976. Demonetisation – 2016
GST – 2017
6. Morarji Desai(24-03-1977 to 28-07-1979) Section -370 removed from Kashmir in 2019
Oldest prime minister (81 years) • The Attorney –General for India
First to resign from his officer. Article -76: Attorney –General For India.
First chief minister who become Prime Minister. Appointment: by the president
7. Charn singh (28-07-1979 to 14-01-1980) Qualification: Who is edified to be appointed a judge of the
Only prime minister who did not face the parliament and in Supreme court
was the chief minister.
The Massiah of Indian Farmers
Mausoleum –Kisan Ghat • Powers and Functions
8. Indira Gandhi (14-01-1980 to 31-10-1984) It shall be duty of the Attorney General to give advice to the
First pm to be assassinated Government of India upon such legal matters, and to perform
Operation Blue Star in 1984 such other duties of a legal character as may from time to time be
referred or assigned to him by the president, and to discharge
9. Rajiv Gandhi (31-10-1984 to 01-12-1989)
the function conferred on him by or under this constitution or
Youngest prime minister (40 years) any other law for the time being in force
Father of Computer revolution In matters related to Government of India,Attorney-General will
Father of Space revolution be present in the Supreme Court on behalf of Government of
Voting age reduce from 21 to 18 by 61st constitutional India.
amendment Act 1989 In any matter related to the Government of India, the High court
10 V.P. Singh (21-12-1989 to 10-01-1990) has the right to hear.

First prime minister to step down after vote of non- According to Article – 143
confidence and also chief minister. Indian govt. is represented by Attorney General of India in the
11. Chandra Shekhar (10-01-1990 to 21-06-1991) Supreme Court.

12. P.V. Narasimha Rao (21-06-1991 to 16-05-1996) In any court of India, the Attorney General has the right to hear.
In any court Has the right to participate and speak in the
First Prime minister from southern India
proceeding of both House of the Parliament, But cannot vote.
and also chief minister (Article – 88)
Babri Masjid demolition in 1992 Attorney General is first Law officer of the India.
Globalization, Liberalization, Privatization were adopted Note: - Solicitor General to assist the Attorney General whose
13. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (16-05-1996 to 01-06-1996) constitution has no description.
Shortest tenure of a Prime minister. First Attorney General of India M. C. sitalwad
14. H.D. Deve Gowada (01-06-1996 to 24-04-1997) Present Attorney General K.K. Venugopal
Member of Rajya Sabha and also chief minister
15. Indra kumar Gujar (21-04-1997 to 19-03-1998)
16 Atal Bihari Vajpayee (19-03-1998 to 13-10-1999)
Agra talks
Delivered in Hindi speech at the General Mahasabha in
2001
17. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (13-10-1999 to 22-05-2004)
18. Dr. Manmohan singh (22-05-2004 to 26-05-2014)
First sikh prime minister, and member of Rajya sabha

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(a) Executive power (b) Legislative power
LEVEL - 1 (c) Constituent power (d) Quasi – judicial power
1. Money can be advanced out of the contingency fund of 8. The impeachment of the president of India can be initiated
Indian to meet unforeseen expenditure by the in:
(a) Parliament (b) president (a) Either House of Parliament
(c) Finance Minister (d) Prime minister (b) A joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament
2. The Constitution (Forty- second Amendment) Act, 1976, (c) The Lok Sabha alone
makes it obligatory for the president of India to act in
(d) The Rajya Sabha alone
accordance with the advice of the Council of Ministers.
9. Who amongst the following decides about the
For the above purpose, which one of the following Articles
disqualification of the Members of Parliament?
of the Constitution of India was amended by the
Constitution (Forty – Second Amendment) Act, 1976? (a) Election Commission (b) Supreme Court

(a) Article 73 (b) Article 74 (c) Speaker (d) President of India

(c) Article 75 (d) Article 77 10. In the event of occurrence of vacancies in the offices of
both, the president and the Vice – president of India, who
3. Which of the following is a correct statement about the
among the following shall discharge the functions of the
President of India?
President till a new president is elected?
(a) He can address both Houses of Parliament, can summon
(a) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
the Houses of Parliament and can send messages to either
House of Parliament (b) Leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha

(b) He can summon the Houses of Parliament but cannot
send messages to either House of Parliament
(c) He can send messages to either of Parliament, but
cannot the Houses of Parliament
(d) He cannot send messages to either House of Parliament
or summon the Houses of Parliament
4. The President of India:
(a) Can be a Member of Parliament
(b) Is a Part of Parliament
(c) Cannot stand for election for more than two terms
(d) Presides over joint sittings of both the Houses of
Parliament
5. As per provisions of the Constitution of India, who makes
rules for more convenient transaction of the business of the
Government of India, and for allocation among Ministers of
the said business?
(a) The president
(b) The Union Law Minister
(c) They Attorney – General of India
(c) Chief Justice of India
(d) Senior most judge
11. The Constitutional Amendment relating to the declaration
of emergency (1978) requires the president of India to act
in accordance with the:
(a) Collective advice of the entire Council of Ministers
(b) Advice of the Union Cabinet
(c) Advice of the Attorney General for India
(d) Advice of the Supreme Court
12. The vice – President of India may be removed from his
office by
(a) Impeachment
(b) A resolution passed by Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha with
a two – thirds majority
(c) A resolution passed with a two – thirds majority in a
joint session of parliament
(d) A resolution passed by Rajya Sabha with simple
majority and agreed to by a majority members of Lok Sabha
13. The vice – president of India can resign from his office at
any time by addressing the resignation letter to the:

(d) The Cabinet Secretariat (a) Deputy chairman of Rajya sabha

(b) Chief Justice of India

6. The President of India is elected by the ‘Electoral College’ (c) President of India
Consisting of (d) Speaker of Lok sabha
(a) All Members of Parliament. 14. The Constitution of India lays down that proposals for
(b) Elected Members of Parliament and State Legislative legislation are to be communicated to the president by the
Assemblies. (a) Prime minister
(c) Members of Parliament, State Legislative Assemblies (b) Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Chairman of the Rajya
and Legislative Councils. Sabha
(d) All the Members of Parliament and State legislative (c) Minister for law
Assemblies, (d) Minister for Parliamentary Affairs
7. The Power of the President of India to issue an ordinance is
a /an:

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15. Which of the following constitutional Amendment Acts 5. To summon for joint session
has/have made the decisions of the council of Ministers 6. To message the Parliament
binding on the president of India?
7. Appointment of judges.
(a) 42nd and 44th Amendment Acts
Codes
(b) 43rd Amendment Act
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 5 and 7
(c) 40th Amendment Act
(c) 3, 6 and 7 (d) 2, 4 and 6
(d) 40th and 41st Amendment Acts
(e) 2, 3 and 6
16. Which one among the following of the constitutions of India
is indicative of the fact that the real executive power is
vested in the council of Ministers headed by the Prime 24. What is the maximum age limit prescribed for the post of
Minister? the President of India? [SSC 2009]

(a) Federalism (a) 58 years (b) 60 years

(b) Representative legislature (c) 62 years

(c) Universal adult franchise (d) There is no maximum age limit

(d) Parliamentary democracy 25. Which of the following are available to the President of
India but not to the Governor of a State? [SCRA 2012]
17. The executive power of the Union is vested in the:
1. Power to grant pardon in case of death sentence.
(a) Union Cabinet
2. Diplomatic powers.
(b) President of India
3. Power to veto the bills passed by the State Legislature.
(c) Prime Minister
4. Power to declare emergency.
(d) Union Council of Ministers
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
18. In the Constitution of India, the term ‘Federal’:
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 4
(a) Figures in the Preamble
(b) Figures in Part III of the Constitution
(c) Figures in Article 368 LEVEL - 2
(d) Does not figure anywhere
1. Which of the following statements is not correct?
19. What does the term “Federation” imply?
(a) There shall be a Council of Ministers headed by the
(a) Fusion of powers (b) Separation powers Prime minister to aid and advice the president who shall
(c) Division of powers (d) Devolution of powers act in accordance with such advice.
20. Under the Indian constitution, the residuary powers are (b) The President may require the Council of Ministers to
vested in the: reconsider such advice the President who shall act in
(a) Executive (b) Judiciary accordance with such advice.

(c) Parliament (d) State legislatures (c) The President need not act in accordance with the
advice tendered after such reconsideration
21. Parliament has power to legislate with respect to a matter
in the state list provided it is in the: (d) The President shall act in accordance with the advice
tendered after such reconsideration
(a) National interest
2. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using
(b) Interest of the State concerned
the codes given below:
(c) Interest of the public
List – I List – II
(d) Interest of the minority
(Power of President) (Relevant Provision)
22. Which Schedule of the Constitution of India contains the
A.Power to grant pardon 1. Article 76
three lists that divide powers between the Union and the
states? B.Executive Power of the Union 2. Article 75

(a) Fifth Schedule (b) Sixth Schedule C.Power to appoint Prime Minister 3. Article 53

(c) Seventh Schedule (d) Eight Schedules D.Appointment of Attorney –General 4. Article 72

23. Which of the following are the discretionary powers of Codes:

President? [CGPSC 2014] ABCD
1. Appointment of council of ministers (a) 4 2 3 1 (b) 4 3 2 1
2. To return the bill with objections (c) 1 2 3 4 (d) 1 3 2 4
3. To detain the bill 3. Consider the following Statements:
4. To pardon 1. The President can commute death sentence to life
imprisonment.

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2. The Governor cannot Commute death sentence to life
imprisonment.
3. The president’s power to pardon extends to punishments
or sentences by court martial.
Which of the statements given above is /are correct?
(a) 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3 only
4. In which one of the following cases, is the President of India
not bound by the aid and advice of the Union Council of
Minister?
(a) In deciding the question of removal of a Governor
(b) In deciding the question whether a member of Lok
sabha has become disqualified to continue as a member
(c) While exercising power to grant pardon
(d) In dismissing a civil servant without any enquiry and
hearing on the ground of security of state
5. Which one of the following statements about the
impeachment of the president of India is not correct?
(a) The charge for violation of the Constitution shall be
preferred by either House of Parliament.
(b) The resolution has to be moved after at least thirty
days’ notice in writing
(c) The resolution has to be signed by not less than one –
fourth of the total number of members of the House.
(d) The resolution has to be passed by a majority of not less
than two-thirds of the total membership of the House.
6. “The President may require the Council of Ministers to
reconsider the advice tendered by the latter and shall act in
accordance with the advice tendered after such
reconsideration.”
The above provision was inserted in the India Constitution
by the:
(a) 38th Amendment (b) 42nd Amendment
(c) 44th Amendment (d) 52nd Amendment
7. Which one of the following is not correct about the powers of
the president of India to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or
remissions of punishment of to suspend, remit or commute the
sentence of any person convicted of any offence?
(a) The President can do so in all cases where the
punishment or sentence is by a Court Martial.
(b) The president may exercise such powers in all cases
where punishment or sentence is for an offence against any
law falling within the executive power of the Union.
(c) The president may exercise such powers in all cases
where the sentence is a sentence of death.
(d) The president may reject a petition for mercy but he
must hear a petition for mercy before rejecting.
8. The President of India is not the authority for the
appointment of:
(a) Judges of the High Courts
(b) State Governors
(c) Union Ministers
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(d) Chairman of a State Public Service Commission
9. Who among the following do not participate in the election
of the president of India?
(a) Elected Members of the Rajya Sabha
(b) Elected Members of the Lok Sabha
(c) Elected Members of the Vidhan Sabha
(d) Elected Members of the Vidhan Parishads
10. The president of India has power to declare emergency
under Article 352 on Which of the following grounds?
1. War 2. Internal disturbance
3. External aggression 4. Armed rebellion
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1,3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
11. Consider the following statements:
The president of India has the power to address both the
Houses of Parliament at the commencement of:
1. The first session after the general elections
2. Each session
3. The first session of each year
4. The budget session of each year
Which of these are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
12. The vice – President is elected by an electoral college
consisting of:
(a) Members of both Houses of Parliament
(b) Elected member of both House of Parliament
(c) Elected members of both House of Parliament and the
State Legislative Assemblies
(d) Members of both Houses of Parliament and the state
legislative Assemblies
13. Which one of the following is constitutionally obligatory on
the part of the prime Minister of India?
(a) As the president is the supreme commander of the
defense forces, the prime minister has to take all major
decisions regarding defense only after prior approval by
the president.
(b) The prime Minister has to communicate to the
president all decisions of the cabinet relating to
administration and proposal for legislation.
(c) As the ministers are appointed by the president, the
prime Minister has to go by president discretion in the
allocation of business among the ministers.
(d) The prime Minister, if he happens to be the leader of a
party not having the required majority strength in both the
Houses of Parliament within the period stipulated by the
President.
14. Who of the following became prime Minister after being
chief Minister?
1. P.V. Narasimh Rao 2. Charan Singh
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3. H.D. Deve Gowda 4. V.P. Singh Select the correct answer using the codes given below
5. Morarji Desai (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 4
Select the correct answer from the codes given below: (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(a) 2, 3, 4 and 5 (b) 1,2 and 4 20. Under which one of the following Articles, the procedure
(c) 1,2, 3, 4 and 5 (d) 2, 3 and 4 for removal of the President of India through the process of
impeachment has been laid down? [UPPCS 2014]
15. Which of the Article of the constitution of India are relevant
to analyze the constitutional provisions that deal with the (a) Article-53 (b) Article-61
relationship of the president with the council of Ministers? (c) Article-74 (d) Article-13
(a) Articles 71, 75 and 78 21. Which of the following is/are correct?
(b) Articles 74, 75 and 78 1. The president can only be impeached, if he violets the
(c) Article 73, 76 and 78 provisions of the constitution

(d) Article 72, 73 and 76 2. The charge of impeachment against the president shall
be preferred only in lok sabha
16. When can the Parliament legislate on a subject in the state list?
Codes
(a) When can the Parliament passes a resolution to that
effect in the national interest. (a) Only 1 (b) only 2

(b) If the Supreme Court grants necessary authority to the (c) 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
parliament. 22. Acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in India is
(c) If the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by two – thirds appointed by the
majority declaring that the subject in the state list under (a) Chief Justice of Supreme Court
consideration is or national importance. (b) Prime Minister
(d) If the President issues an ordinance transferring the (c) President (d) Law Minister
subject from the state list to the union or the concurrent
23. The Electoral College which elects the President of India
lists.
comprises of
17. With reference to the Presidential Election in India,
1. Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament
consider the following statements
2. elected members of the both the Houses of State
1. The nomination paper of a candidate for the Presidential
legislature
Election should be signed by at least 50 electors as
proposers and another 50 as seconders. 3. elected members of Legislative Assemblies of all the
States
2. The prescribed security deposit in the Presidential
Election is Rs. 25000. 4. elected members of the Legislative Assemblers of Delhi
and Puduchersy
Which of this statement is/are correct?
Select the correct answer from the codes given below
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
18. Consider the following statements
24. Who among the following have held the office of the Vice-
1. The President of India cannot return the Money Bill to
President of India? [UPSC 2008]
the Lok Sabha for reconsideration.
1. Mohammad Hidayatullah
2. During the period of National Emergency, the President
of India can make ordinances even when Parliament is in 2. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
session. 3. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 4. Shankar Dayal Sharma
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 Codes
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor2 (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 4
19. According to the Constitutional of India, it is the duty of the (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
President of India to cause to be laid before the Parliament 25. Consider the following Vive-Presidents of India?
which of the following? [UPSC 2012]
[CDS 2009]
1. The Recommendations of the Union Finance
1. VV Giri 2. GS Pathal
Commission.
3. BD Jatti 4. M Hidayatullah
2. The Report of the Public Accounts Committee.
Which one of the following is the correct chronology of the
3. The Report of the CAG.
tenures?
4. The Report of the National Commission for scheduled
(a) 1-2-3-4 (b) 2-1-3-4
castes.
(c) 2-1-4-3 (d) 1-2-4-3

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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (b) Contingency Fund is created as an emergency account
to meet some urgent or unforeseen expenditure of the
government. Description: This fund was constituted by the
government under Article 267 of the Constitution of India.
This fund is at the disposal of the President.
2. (b) Article 74 was amended by 42nd amendment to
Constitution of India and it was explicitly stipulated that
"the President shall act in accordance with the advice of the
Council of Ministers
3. (a) The President shall time to time summon each House of
Parliament to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit,
but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in
one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the
next session
4. (b) Article-79: of Constitution There shall be a Parliament
for the Union which shall consist of the President and two
Houses to be known respectively as the council of States
and the House of the People
5. (a) Article 75 in The Constitution Of India Prime Minister
shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers
shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the
Prime Minister. The Minister shall hold office during the
pleasure of the President. The Council of Ministers shall be
collectively responsible to the House of the People.
6. (b) According to article-54: Election of President the
President shall be elected by the members of an electoral
college consisting of the elected members of both Houses of
Parliament; and the elected members of the Legislative
Assemblies of the States.
7. (b) Article -123: Power of President to promulgate
Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
An Ordinance promulgated under this article shall have the
same force and effect as an Act of Parliament, but maximum
validity of such ordinance is 6 months.
8. (a) Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of the President
When a President is to be impeached for violation of the
Constitution, the charge shall be preferred by either House
of Parliament
9. (d) If any question arises as to whether a member of either
House of Parliament has become subject to any of the
disqualifications mentioned in clause of Article 102, the
question shall be referred for the decision of the President,
and his decision shall be final. Before giving any decision on
any such question, the President shall obtain the opinion of
the Election Commission and shall act according to such
opinion
10. (c) In the event of the occurrence of vacancies in the offices
of the President and the Vice-President, by reason in each
case of death, registration or removal, or otherwise, the
Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior most
judge of the Supreme Court of India
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available shall discharge the functions of president and vice
president.
11. (b) Article 352 was amended and A provision was included
stating that the President will not issue a Proclamation of
Emergency unless a writing advice was given to him by the
cabinet.
12. (d) The Vice President can be removed by a resolution by
the members of the Rajya Sabha. To move such resolution,
a prior 14 days notice is to be given. Such a resolution,
though passed by the Rajya Sabha only, but must be agreed
to the Lok Sabha. There is no need of impeachment of Vice
President for removal.
13. (c) The term of office of the Vice President is five years. The
term may end earlier by resignation which should be
addressed to the President. The term may also terminate
earlier by removal. The Vice President can be removed by a
resolution by the members of the Rajya Sabha
14. (a) Article 78 in The Constitution Of India Duties of Prime
Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the
President, etc.
15. (a) By the 42th constitution amendment act 1976 Article
74 was amended and it was explicitly stipulated that "the
President shall act in accordance with the advice of the
Council of Ministers.
16. (d) A parliamentary system of government means that the
executive branch of government has the direct or indirect
support of the parliament. This support is usually shown by
a vote of confidence. The relationship between the
executive and the legislature in a parliamentary system is
called responsible government.
17. (b) Article 53 in The Constitution of India. The executive
power of the Union shall be vested in the President and
shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers
subordinates to him in accordance with this Constitution.
18. (d) Constitution of India describes India as a union of
states. it does not figure anywhere in the constitution of
India the term Federal.
19. (c) The constitution of India deal with Union of state and
Division of Power between center and state it means India
is a Union of states and not a Federal State.
20. (c) Residuary powers means that parliament can make
laws with respect to all those matters which are not
mention in the three lists –
The union list
The state list
The concurrent list
21. (a) According Article – 368 Parliament has power to
legislate in the union list and Concurrent list on the basis of
the following Circumstances parliament can makes law on
State list –
(i) During the emergency
(ii) If Raja Sabha permit it.
(iii) A matter in the state list provided it is in the national
Interest.
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22. (c) This schedule has divided the Union and state subject
on which they can make laws. It comprises Union list, State
list and Concurrent list.
23. (e) In the case of Suspense Veto, Pocket Veto, President can
seek information from Prime Minister. It is for the
president to decide if he should dissolve Council of minister
or not when council of minister loses the majority in Lok
Sabha .In case of a caretaker government. The President
delivers the opening address for the first session of the
parliament, as well as the first session of a newly elected
government, defining the policies of the government.
24. (d) As per the article 58, there is no upper age limit for
president but he should be a citizen of India ears of age or
above qualified to become a member of the Lok Sabha
25. (d) The governor can not veto the bills passed by the state
legislature but reserve it for the president. Because only
president have the veto power on it.
LEVEL - 2
1. (c) As per the article 74, Indian presidents should work as
per the aid and advice of the council of ministers. The aid
and advice of the council of ministers is binding to the
president.
2. (a) Article 52 to 78 deal with executive of center
Article 53-The executive power of the Union shall be vested
in the President and shall be exercised by him either
directly or through officers subordinate to him in
accordance with this Constitution
Article 72 -The President shall have the power to grant
pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment
or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any
person convicted of any offence
Article 75-The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the
President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the
President on the advice of the Prime Minister
Article 76-The President shall appoint a person who is
qualified to be appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court to
be Attorney General for India
3. (b) Article 72 -The President shall have the power to grant
pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment
or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any
person convicted of any offence.
4. (b) The question whether a member is subject to
disqualification in all other matters except under 10th
schedule (disqualification) is decided by President.
However, President should obtain the opinion of the
election commission before taking such decision.
5. (b) the proposal to prefer such charge is contained in a
resolution which has been moved after at least fourteen
days notice in writing signed by not less than one fourth of
the total number of members of the House has been given
of their intention to move the resolution,
6. (c) THE CONSTITUTION (FORTY-FOURTH AMENDMENT)
ACT, 1978"Provided that the President may require the
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Council of Ministers to reconsider such advice, either
generally or other wise, and the President shall act in
accordance with the advice tendered after such
reconsideration."
7. (b) According article -72. The President shall have the
power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions
of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the
sentence of any person convicted of any offence
8. (d) The Chairman and other members of a Public Service
Commission shall be appointed, in the case of the Union
Commission or a Joint Commission, by the President, and in
the case of a State Commission, by the Governor of the State
9. (d) According to article-54, Election of President, The
President shall be elected by the members of an electoral
college consisting of the elected members of both Houses of
Parliament; and the elected members of the Legislative
Assemblies of the States
10. (b) The word 'armed rebellion' has been substituted for
“internal disturbance' under Article 352 by 44th
constitution Amendment act 1978.
11. (c) Article 86 in The Constitution of India the President
may address either House of Parliament or both Houses
assembled together, and for that purpose require the
attendance of members and according article- 87. Special
address by the President At the commencement of the first
session after each general election to the House of the
People and at the commencement of the first session of
each year the President shall address both Houses of
Parliament assembled together and inform Parliament of
the causes of its summons.
12. (a) The Vice-President is elected by an electoral college
consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, in
accordance with the system of proportional representation
by means of the single transferable vote and the voting in
such election is by secret ballot.
13. (b) Article 78 in The Constitution of India Duties of Prime
Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the
President, etc. It shall be the duty of the Prime Minister to
communicate to the President all decisions of the council of
Ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the
union and proposals for legislation.
14. (c)
1. Morarji Desai Chief Minister of the erstwhile Bombay
State during 1952-56.
2. Charan Singh Chief Minister of the Uttar Pradesh in
1967-1968 and again in 1970.
3. V. P. Singh Chief Minister of the Uttar Pradesh in 1980-
1982.
4. P. V. Narasimha Rao Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
during 1971-1973.
5. H. D. DeveGowda Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994
to 1996
6. Narendra Modi Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to
2014.
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15. (b) Article 75, The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the
President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the
President on the advice of the Prime Minister
Article 74 of the Constitution of the Republic of India
provides for a Council of Ministers which shall aid the
President in the exercise of his functions.
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from 1974 to 1977 and also the 2nd President of India to
die in office. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was the sixth President
of India, Shankar Dayal Sharma was the ninthPresident of
India, serving from 1992 to 1997. Prior to his presidency,
Sharma had been the eighth Vice President of India, serving
under R. Venkataraman.

Article 78, Duties of Prime Minister as respects the 25. (a)

furnishing of information to the President, etc. shall be the
duty of the Prime Minister
16. (c) Rajya sbaha is called assembly of states because the
seats are allocated in accordance with the population of the
states so if the Rajya sabha passed a resolution by two
thirds majority then Parliament can legislate on a subject in
the state list.
17. (a) The nomination of a candidate for election to the office
of the president must be subscribed by at least 50 electors
as proposers and 50 electors as seconders. Each candidate
has to make a security deposit of 15,000 rupees (US$220)
in the Reserve Bank of India. The security deposit is liable
to be forfeited in case the candidate fails to secure one-
sixth of the votes polled.
18. (a) During the national emergency the administration is in
the president as per the article 352. Money bill is
introduced in lok sabha with the prior approval of
president so president can not return it for
reconsideration.
19.. (c) President is laid the recommendations of the finance
commission, report of the CAG, and the report of the
national commission for scheduled castes etc. before to the
parliament than parliament discuss all the reports.
20. (b) Artical13: Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of
the fundamental rights Article 53: Executive power of the
Union Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of the
President Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and advise
President.
21. (c) Under article 71(1) the president may also be removed
before the expiry of the term through impeachment for
violating the Constitution of India by the Parliament of
India. The process may start in either of the two houses of
the parliament. Before starting impeachment president
must have given 14 days prior notice.
22. (c) All the judges of Supreme Court and High Court are
appointed by president with the consult of CJI including
acting, ad hock judges too.
23. (c) The presidential Electoral College is made up of the
following: elected members of the Rajya Sabha (upper
house of the Parliament of India) ; elected members of the
Lok Sabha (lower house of the Parliament of India) ;
elected members of each state State Legislative Assembly
(lower house of the state legislature) ; and elected
members of each union territory possessing a Legislative
assembly (i.e., Delhi and Puducherry) It do not consist
member of the upper house of state legislature.
24. (b) Hidayatullah was the 11th Chief Justice of India and the
sixth Vice President. He was the Acting President of India
also. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the fifthPresident of India

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Chapter –9
Union Legislature (Parliament)

Parliament: The allocation of seats in the council of states to be filled by

Article 79 to 123 in part–v deal with the provisions of the representatives of the state and union territories shall be in
parliament, Accordance with the provisions in that behalf contained in the
fourth schedule.
Article: 79 Provides For a Parliament for the union which shall
consist of the president and two Houses, to be known
respectively as the Council of state (Rajya Sabha) and the House The representatives of each state in the council of state shall be
of the People (Lok Sabha) elected members of the Legislative assembly of the state in
Legislature Accordance with the system of proportional representation by
means of the single transferable vote.
legislator in center (Parliament)
• Duration of Rajya Sabha

Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha President The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to
Member 545 245 1 dissolution, but 1/3rd of its member retires every 2 years and
Highest presidential nominations at the beginning of every 3 years.
member 552 250
Election By Direct Indirect Public Indirect The retiring member is eligible for re-election and nomination
Public Public for any number of times.
Minimum age 25 30 35
Member in a 25 10
The tenure of office of a member of the Rajya Sabha shall be 6
Rajasthan years.
Tenure 5 year 6 year 5 year
• Qualifications for Rajya Sabha: -
Officer Speaker Chairman
Article 81 80 52 He must be citizen of India
Oath Members of both houses by the president
He must not be less than 30 years of age.
He must such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that
Legislate in States behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.
• Article-81: Composition of Lok Sabha
Legislative Legislative council Governor
Assembly Lok Sabha is the lower House of the Parliament. It is also known
as the first chamber or Popular House.
Lowest 60 40 1
Member The maximum Strength of the lok sabha is fixed at 552, out of
Maximum 500 1 this, 530 members are to be the representatives of the state's 20
of Assembly
Members 3 members are representatives of the union territories and 2
Election Direct public Direct and Indirect by public Nominated
member are to be nominated by the President.
25 30 35 Note: - The voting age was reduced from 21 to 18 years by
Rajasthan 200 00 Constitution Amendment Act, 1988.
• Qualification for Lok Sabha: -
Tenure 5 year 6 year 5 year  The person must be a citizen of India
Officer Speaker Chairman
 He must be not less than 25 years of age.
Article 170 171 153
 He must process such other qualification as may be
Member of both the Houses by the governor
prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by
Note – Goa – 40, Sikkim – 32, Puduchery – 30
Parliament.
• Duration for Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha's term of 5 years from
Note: - The President of India is not a member of either House of the date of its first meeting after the General Elections, after
parliament, he is an Integral part of the Parliament. which it gets dissolved automatically. This term may be extended
Article: 80 Composition of Rajya Sabha in case of emergency.
The Council of states shall consist of – • Session of the Parliament.
(i) Twelve members to be nominated by the president shall Summoning the President from time to time summons each
consist of persons having special knowledge or practical House of Parliament to meet, but the maximum gap between two
Experience in literature, Science, Art and social service. sessions of parliament cannot be more than six months. There
Not more than two hundred and thirty –eight representatives of are usually three sessions in years viz.
the states and union territories. (i) The Budget session (February to may)

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(ii) The monsoon session (July to September)
(iii) The winter session (November to December
Adjournment An Adjournment suspends the work in a sitting
for a specified time which may be –hours, days or weeks.
• Adjournment sine Die: When the House is Adjournment
without naming a day for reassembly it is called Adjournment
sine die.
The power of Adjournment sine dies with the presiding officer of
the house.
• Prorogation: President issues a notification for prorogation of
the session.
• Quorum: Quorum is the minimum numbers to be present in
the House before it can transact any business. It is one-tenth of
the total numbers in each House including officer.
• Language of the Parliament: the Constitution has declared
Hindi and English to be the language for Transacting business in
the Parliament.
However, the presiding officer can permit a member to address
the House in his mother tongue.
• Lame duck session: It refers to that session of the existing Lok
Sabha, after a new Lok sabha has been elected. Those members
of the existing Lok sabha who could not get reelected to the new
Lok Sabha are used lame- ducks.
• Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
• Question hour: The first hour of every Parliament sitting is
slotted for this. During this time members ask questions and the
ministers usually give answer. These questions are of three
kinds, namely, started, unstirred and short notice.
(i) Starred questions Requires an oral answer and hence
supplementary questions can follow.
(ii) Unstarred questions on the other hand, require a written
answer and hence, supplementary questions cannot follow.
3. Short notice question is one that is asked by giving a notice of
less than 10 days. It is answered orally.
• Zero Hour: The time gap between the question hour and the
agenda is known as zero hour. It is an Indian innovation in the
field of Parliamentary Procedures and has been in existence
since 1962.
•Important Motions in Parliament: -
1. Calling Attention motion: - With the prior Permission of the
speaker, any member of the Parliament may call the attention of
a minister to a matter of urgent public Importance.
2. No- confidence motion: It is a resolution Introduced by the
opposition claiming that the House has lost its Confidence in the
Government If it is passed then Government must resign from
the office. It can be introduced only in Lok sabha. This motion
requires the support of 50 members.
3. Censure motion: This motion speaks to censure the
Government for it lapse. If the censure motion passed against the
Government, It should pass a confidence motion as soon as
possible to regain the confidence of the House and government
does not need to resign immediately unlike in case of No-
confidence motion.
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4.Privilege motion: - It is the motion moved by a member of
parliament. He charges the minister with committing a breach of
the Privilege of the House by withholding of distorting Facts.
5. Thanking motion: - The first session after each general
election and the first session of every fiscal year is addressed by
the president. In this address, the president outlines the policies
and program of the government in the Preceding year.
6. Half- an- Hour Discussion: The speaker can allot 3 days in a
week for discussions.
7. Adjournment motion: It is introduced in the parliament to
draw attention of the House to a definite matter of urgent public
Importance and needs the support of 50 members to the
admitted
8. Closure motion: - It is motion moved by a member to cut
short the debate on a motion before house. If motion is approved
by the house, debate is stopped.
9. Short Term Discussion: - It is meant for discussing a matter
of urgent Public importance. The speaker can allot two days in a
week for such discussions. This device has been in existence
since 1953. It is also known as two- hour discussion.
• Legislative procedure in Parliament:
The legislative procedure is Identical in both the houses of
Parliament and a bill is a proposal for legislations and it becomes
an act and law when duly enacted bills may be classified under
four heads viz. ordinary, money, financial and Constitutional
Amendment Bill.
• Various stages of the passing of the Bill
1. First Reading: The Introduction of the bill and its publication
in the Gazette Constitution the first Reading of the bill.
2. Second Reading: - The second stage of the second Reading
Consists of a clause by – clause consideration of the bill as
Introduced or as reported by the select/ joint Committee
3. Third Reading: At this stage, the debate is confined to
arguments either in support or rejection of the bill without
referring to the details thereof further than that are astutely
necessary. If the majority of members present and voting accept
the bill the bill is regarded as passed by the House In passing an
ordinary Bill, a simple majority of members present and voting is
necessary but in the case of a bill to amend the constitution, a
majority of not less than two thirds of the members present and
voting is required in each House of the Parliament.
4. Bill in the seconds House: In the second House also, the bill
passes through all the three stages. There are four alternatives
before this house
1. It may pass the bill with Amendment and return it to the first
house for reconsideration.
2. It may Reject the bill altogether
3. It may pass the bill as sent by the First House without
Amendment.
4. It may not take any action keeping the bill pending
5. Assent of the president Every bill after being passed by both
House of parliament either single sitting or at a joint sitting is
presents to the president for his assent there are three alterative
before the president.
(i) He may give his assent to the bill
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(ii) He may withhold his assent to the bill
(iii) He may return the bill for Reconsideration of houses.
If the president gives his assent to the bill the bill becomes an act
and is placed on the statute Book.
Financial Bills: Financial Bills are those bills that deal with fiscal
matters revenue or expenditure. Financial bill is of three kinds.
(i) Money bills
Article – 110:deal with the definition of money bills. It
states that a bill is deemed to be a money bill, if it contains only
provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters.
The imposition, abolition remission alteration, or regulation of
any text:
The regulation of borrowing of money by the union government:
The Custody of the consolidated fund of India or the Contingency
fund of India, the Payment of money into or the withdrawer of
money from any Fund:
The Appropriation of money out of the consolidated fund of
India:
Declaration of any expenditure charged on consolidated fund of
India or the public Account to India or the Custody or Issue of
such money, or the audit of the Accounts of the union or of a
state.
Any matter Incidental to any of the matters specified above.
Note:-
(i) Money bill are considered as such only after they are certified
by the speaker of Lok sabha as a money bill.
(ii) A money bill can be Introduced any in Lok Sabha and that too
on the recommendation of the president.
(iii) Lok Sabha has more powers than Rajya sabha with regard to
a money bill. If the Rajya sabha does not return the bill to the Lok
sabha within 14 days then the bill is deemed have been passed
by both the House in the form originally passed by the lok Sabha
(iv) Every money bill is considered to be a Government bill and
can be introduced only by a minister.
• Financial bill
• Article -117: The Classification Implies that money bills are
simply a species of financial bills, hence, all money bills are
financial bill but all Financial bill are not money bills only those
financial bills are money bills which contain exclusively those
matters which are mentioned in Article 110 of the constitution.
These are also certified by the speaker of Lok sabha as money
bills.
• Presiding officers of Parliament:
• Chairman of the Rajya Sabha: The presiding officer of the
Rajya Sabha is known as the chairman. The vice president of
India is the Ex – officio chairman of the Rajya sabha
Note: - During any period when the vice-president acts as
president or discharges the function of the president.He does not
perform the duties of the office of the chairman of Rajya Sabha.
Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha:
The Deputy Chairman is elected by than Rajya Sabha itself from
among its members.
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Speaker of Lok Sabha- Election and tenure the speaker is
elected by the lok Sabha from amongst its member (as soon as
may be, after it's first sitting)
The date of the election of the speaker is fixed by the president.
Whenever the office of the speaker falls vacant the Lok Sabha
elects another member to fill vacancy.
Lok Sabha speaker resigns by writing to the Deputy speaker, if he
is removed by a resolution passed by a majority of all the then
members of Lok Sabha.
A resolution can be moved only after giving 14 days Prior notice
to him.
• Role, power and Function of the Speaker:
1. He certifies whether a bill is a money bill or not and his
decision is final under Article 110.
2. He/she presides over joint sittings called for the resolution
of disagreement between the two houses.
3. He/she decides whether cut motion, No confidence motion,
etc are to be Admitted or not.
4. He Decides the Disqualification of members under the
Tenth Schedule.
5. He maintains the orderly decorum of businesses and
decorum of the House.
6. He Appoints the Chairman of different Parliamentary
Committees.
7. The speaker chairs the Business Advisory Committee, Rules
committee and General-Purpose committee.
8. When the Lok Sabha is dissolved, all the members of the
LokSabha, cease to be the members of Lok Sabha, However,
the speaker continues in his office till the next Lok Sabha is
constituted.
• Deputy Speaker:
The Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha is the Vice Presiding officer of
the Lok Sabha
He/she acts as the presiding officer in case of leave or absence
caused by the death or illness of speaker of the Lok Sabha.
The Deputy Speaker is elected in the very First meeting of the
Lok Sabha after the general elections for a term of 5 years,
amongst the members of Lok Sabha.
He can be removed from office by a resolution passed in the Lok
Sabha by a majority of its members.
Since the 11th Lok sabha, there has been a consensus that
speaker comes from the ruling alliance and Post of Deputy
Speaker goes to the main opposition party.
Protem Speaker:It provided by the constitution, the Speaker of
the lost Lok Sabha vacates his office immediately before the first
meeting of the newly –elected Lok Sabha.
The president appoints a member of the lok Sabha as the protem
speaker.
Usually, the senior most member is elected as potem speaker.
The president himself Administers oath to the protemspeaker.
• Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha:
Under the rules of the lok Sabha, the Speaker nominates from
amongst the member a panel of not more than ten Chairpersons.
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Any of them can preside over the House in the absence of the
Speaker or Deputy Speaker
Leader of the House Under the rules of Lok Sabha, the leader of
the House means the prime minister, If he is a member of the Lok
Sabha or a minister who is member of Lok Sabha and is
nominated by the prime minister to Function as the leader of the
House.There is also a leader of a house in the Rajya Sabha. He is a
minister and also a member of the Rajya Sabha who nominates
by the Prime minister.
Leader of the opposition: The office of leader of the opposition
was given official recognition through the salary and allawances
of leader of the opposition in Parliament Act, 1977 This Act
defines the leader of the opposition in both Houses of the
Parliament.
Budget in Parliament:The constitution refers to be the budget
as the Annual Financial Statement. In other words, the term’
budget has not been used in the constitution. It is the popular
name for the Annual Financial statement. That has been dealt
with in Article 112 of the constitution.
In August 2016, the center Government decided to merge the
railway budget into the general budget.
• Power and Function of Parliament
(i) Legislative Power and Function: - The Primary function of
parliament is to make laws for the governance of the country.
Parliament makes law on following subjects
(i) Union List (100 subjects originally 97)
(ii) Concurrent List (52 subject originally – 47 Sub.)
The Constitution also empowers the parliament to makelaw on
the subject enumerated in the state list
(iii) State list (61 subjects and originally 66)
Under the following five circumstances: -
(i) When Rajya sabha Passes a resolution to that effect.
(ii) When a proclamation of national emergency is in operation.
(iii) When two or more states make a joint request to the
parliament
(iv) When necessary to give effect to International agreements,
treaties and conventions.
(v) When president’s Rule is in operation in the states
Parliament is to make laws on the residuary subject that is,
subjects not enumerated in any of the three lists (union, state,
concurrent)
• Executive power and Functions: The Parliament exercise
control over the Executive through: - question – hour, Zero hour,
half – an hour discussion, short duration discussion, short
duration discussion, calling attention motion, adjournment
motion, non – confidence motion censure motion and other
discussion.
The ministers are collectively responsible to the parliament in
general and to the loksabha in particular. They continue in office
so long as they enjoy the confidence of the majority member in
the loksabha.
The loksabha can also express lack of confidence in the
government in the following ways: -
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(i) By not passing a motion of thanks on the President’s
Inaugural address.
(ii) By rejecting a money bill.
(iii) By passing a censure motion or an adjustment motion.
(iv) By defecating the government on vital Issue.
(v) By passing a cut motion.
3. Financial Power and Functions:
No tax can be imposed or collected and no expenditure can
be incurred by the executive except under the Authority
and with the Approval of Parliament.
A Financial bill not containing solely the matters of Article:
110 also can be introduced only in Lok sabha and not in the
Rajya Sabha.
The Parliament also scrutinizes government spending and
financial performance with the help of its financial
committees.
Annual budget is presented in parliament
4. Constituent power and Function:
According to the Article368 Parliament can Amend the
constitution in three ways: -
(i)By special majority: more than 50 per cent of the total
membership of each House and a majority of not less than
two thirds (2/3) of the members present and voting in each
House.
(ii)By simple majority: of the members present and
voting in each House of Parliament.
(iii)By special majority but with consent of half of all
the state legislatures: With the consent of at least half of
the state legislatures by simple majority.
Note:The Parliament can amenda provision of The
constitution except the “basic Features” of the constitution.
This was ruled by the Supreme Court in keshavananda
Bharati case 1973, and reaffirmed in the Minerva mills case
1980.
5. Judicial power and Function: -The judicial powers and
functions of the Parliament include the Following: -
(i)It can impeach the president for the violation of the
constitution.
(ii)It can remove Vice – president from his office.
(iii)It can recommend the Removal of Judges and chief
Judges of the Supreme Court and High court, Chief election
Commissioner and comptroller and Auditor general to the
President.
(iv)It can punish its member or out siders for the breach of
its Privileges or its contempt.
6. Electoral Power and Function: -
(i) The parliament participates in the election of the
president and vice president.
(ii) The LokSabha elects its speaker and deputy speaker,
and Rajya Sabha elects its Deputy Chairman.
7. Other Power and Functions
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(i)It serves as the highest deliberative body in country. It 9. Himachal Pradesh 3 4
discusses various issues of national and international 10. Jammu and 4 6
significance. kashmir
(ii) It can create or abolish the state legislative councils on 11. Jharkhand 6 14
the recommendation of the concerned state legislative
Assembly. 12. Karnataka 12 28

(iii) It can regulate the organization and jurisdiction of the 13. Kerala 9 20
supreme court and high court and can establish a common 14. M.P. 11 29
high court for two or more states. 15. Maharashtra 19 48
(iv) It can increase or decrease the area, after the 16. Manipur 1 2
boundaries and change the names of states of the India.
17. Meghalaya 1 2
(v) It Approves all the three types of Emergencies: -
18. Mizoram 1 1
(i) 352 national Emergency
19. Nagaland 1 1
(ii) 356 State Emergency
20. Odisha 10 21
(iii) 360 Financial Emergency
21. Punjab 7 13
• Special power of Lok sabha with Respect to Rajya Sabha: -
22. Rajasthan 10 25
Money bill can be introduced only in Lok Sabha and not in the
Rajya Sabha,Rajya sabha cannot amend or reject a money Bill It 23. Sikkim 1 1
should return the bill to Lok Sabha within 14 days with or 24. Tamil Nadu 18 39
without recommendations.
25. Telangana 7 17
The lok Sabha can either recommendationto the Rajya sabha. In
26. Tripura 1 2
both cases the Money bill is demand to have been passed by the
two House. 27. Uttarakhand 3 5

The Lok Sabha with a greater number wins the battle in a joint 28. Uttar Pradesh 31 80
sitting except when the combined strength of the ruling party in 29. West Bengal 16 42
both houses is less than that of Opposition parties. Rajya Sabha
30. Andaman and - 1
can be discuss the budget, but cannot vote on the demands for
Nikobar Islands
Grants.
31. Chandigarh - 1
A resolution for the discontinuance of the national emergency
can be passed only by Lok Sabha. 32. Dadra and Nagar - 1
Haveli
The only loksabha can be remove the council of ministers by
passing a non- Confidence motion because the council of 33. Daman and Diu - 1
ministers are collectively responsible only to the loksabha. 34. Delhi (The 3 7
• Special power of Rajya sabha with Respect To Lok Sabha national capital
Territory of Delhi)
It can authorize the Parliament to make a law a subject
enumerated in the state list (Article 249). 35. Lakshadweep - 1
It can authorize the Parliament to create new all – India services 36. Puducherry 1 1
common to both the centered and state. Total - 245 545
Proposal for removal of vice president can be presented only in
Rajya sabha.
Duration of Lok Sabha (From First to Present)
• Allocation of seat in Parliament
Lok Sabha Duration
S.n States/Uts No. of seats in No. of seats in
First 1952-57
Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha
Second 1957-62
1. Andra Pradesh 11 25
Third 1962-67
2. Arunachal Pradesh 1 2
Fourth 1967-1970
3. Assam 7 14
Five 1971-1977
4. Bihar 16 40
Sixth 1977-1980
5. Chhattisgarh 5 11
Seventh 1980-1984
6. Goa 1 2
eight 1985-1989
7. Gujarat 11 26
Ninth 1989-1991
8. Haryana 5 10
Tenth 1991-1996

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Eleventh 1996-1997 100 Voting in house, power of house to Act
Twelfth 1998-1999 notwithstanding vacancies and quorum

Thirteenth 1999-2004 101 Vacation of seats

Fourteenth 2004-2009 102 Disqualifications for membership

Fifteenth 2009-2014 103 Decision on questions as to disqualifications

of members
Sixteenth 2014-2019
104 Penalty for sitting and voting before making
Seventeenth 2019-Till date
oath or affirmation under Article 99 or when
no qualified or when disqualified.
105 Power, privileges, etc of the House or
• Articles Related to Parliament at Glance Parliament and of the member and
Article Subject Matter committees thereof.
No. 106 Salaries and allowances of member.
79 Constitution of Parliament 107 Provision as to Introduction and Passing
80 Composition of Council of State. 108 Joint sitting of both House in certain cases.
81 Composition of House of the People 109 Special Procedure in respect of money Bills
82 Re-adjournment after each census. 110 Definition of money bill
83 Duration of Houses of Parliament. 111 Assent to bill by president.
84 Qualification of the Membership of 112 Annual Financial statement
Parliament. 113 Procedure in parliament with respect to
85 Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation and estimates
dissolution 114 Appropriation Bills
86 Right of President to address and send 115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
massages to house.
116 Votes on account, votes of credit and
87 Special Address by the President exceptional grant.
88 Right of ministers and Attorney General as 117 Special provisions as Financial Bills.
respects Houses
118 Rules of Procedure
89 The Chairman and Deputy chairman of the
119 Regulation by law of Procedure in
council of States
Parliament in relation to Financial business.
90 Vacation and resignation of and removal
120 Language to be used in Parliament.
from the office of Deputy Chairman
121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament.
91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other
person to of the office, or to act as chairman. 122 Courts not inquire into proceedings of
Parliament.
92 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not
to preside while a resolution for his Removal 123 Power of President to Promulgate
from office consideration. ordinances during recess of Parliament.

93 The speaker and Deputy speaker of the

House of the people.
94 Vacation and resignation and Removal from
the offices of speaker and Deputy speaker.
95 Power of the Deputy speaker or other
person to perform the duties of the office of,
or to act as speaker.
96 The Speaker and Deputy speak cannot
preside while a resolution for his removal
97 Salaries and allowances of the chairman and
Deputy chairman and the speaker and
Deputy Speaker
98 Secretariat of Parliament
99 Oath or affirmation by members
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• Parliamentary Committees:
Parliamentary committees are of two Kinds: -
(i) Ad-hoc committees: - Appointed for a Specific Purpose.
(ii) Standing committees: - Constituted every year or
periodically and work on a continuous basis,
Standing committees are following: -
(i) Public Account committee: -
This established in 1921 Under the Provisions of the
Government Act 1919.
Members 22 (15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 Rajya Sabha)
The members are elected by the Parliament every year from
amongst its members According to the Principle of Proportional
representation by means of the single transferable vote.
A minister cannot be elected as a member of committee
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Until 1966 -67 the chairman belonged to the ruling party.
2. Estimates committee.
The establishment: - in 1950 on the recommendation of
“John Mathai”
Members 30 (All are from lok Sabha. )
The members are elected by the Lok Sabha amongst its
own members.
• Function of the Committee
(i)To suggest alternative policies in order to bring about
efficiency and economy in administration.
(ii) To examine whether the money is well laid out within the
limits of the Policy implied in the estimates.
(iii) To suggest the form in which the estimates are to be
presented to parliament.
3. Committee on public undertakings.
This established In 1964 on the recommendation of the
Krishna Menoncommittee.
Members: 22 (15 from the Lok sabha and 7 from the Rajya
Sabha)
Originally, it had 15 members but its membership was raised to
22 in 1974.
The members of committee are elected every year by the
Parliament amongst its own members.
The members of the committee who are from the Rajya Sabha
cannot be appointed as the Chairman.
The Functions of the Committee:
(i)To examine the reports of the comptroller and Auditor General
on public undertakings.
(ii)To exercise such other Functions vested in the public accounts
committee and the estimates committee in relation to public
undertaking which are allotted to it by the speaker from time to
time.
(iii)to examine the reports and accounts of public undertakings.
(iv)To examine whether the affairs of the public undertakings
are being managed in Accordance with sound business principles
and Prudent Commercial practices.
• Important Facts about all the three committee.
The term of office of the members is one year.
A minister cannot be elected as a member of the committees.
The Chairman of the committees is appointed by the speaker

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LEVEL - 1
1. The provision for the contingency fund of India results in:
(a) Absolving the executive from preparing the estimates of
the expenditure
(b) Compelling the legislature to approve the expenditure
(c) Reducing the legislative control over the executive
(d) Providing a safety – valve to tide over a crisis
2. Which of the following tools of control may be adopted for
raising a discussion in the House on a matter of urgent
public importance?
(a) Censure motion (b) Adjournment motion
(c) Calling attention (d) Cut motion
3. The object of the adjournment motion in parliament is to:
(a) Collect information from the ministers
(b) Make a cut in the budget proposals
(c) Criticize a particular policy of the Government
(d) Topple the Government
4. How much is the quorum of a house of parliament of India?
(a) One – half of the membership of the House
(b) One – third of the membership of the House
(c) Two – third of the membership of the House
(d) One- tenth of the membership of the House
5. The Rajya sabha has exlusive jurisdiction in ;
(a) Approving a proclamation of emergency
(b) The creation and abolition of states
(c) The election of the Vice – President
(d) Authorising Parliament to legislate on a subject in the
state List
6. What is the maximum period that shall not intervene
between last sitting in one session and the date appointed
for first sitting in the next session for each House of
Parliament?
(a) Four months (b) Five Months
(c) Six months (d) Eight months
7. Which one of the following powers of the Rajya Sabha is
provided in the constitution of India?
(a) To reject or amend a money bill
(b) To decide whether a bill is money bill
(c) to vote for public expenditure
(d) To delay a money bill for a period not exceeding fourteen days.
8. Which one of the following schedules of the constitution of
India deals with allocation of seats in the Council of States?
(a) Third Schedule (b) Fourth Schedule
(c) Fifth Schedule (d) Sixth Schedule
9. Under Article 312 of the Constitution of India, the Rajya
sabha has exclusive power to recommend the Constitution
of which one of the following?
(a) River – valley Development Authorities
(b) Zonal Councils Act
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(c) Administrative Tribunals
(d) New All – India Services
10. The Railway Budget was separated from the Central Budget
in the year
(a) 1920 (b) 1921
(c) 1922 (d) 1923
11. Which one of the following statements about the speaker of
the Lok Sabha is not correct?
(a) He has the power to adjourn the House sine die.
(b) He has the power to summon the House even after
prorogation.
(c) He continues to be in office even after the dissolution of
the House and until immediately before the first meeting of
the House.
(d) He must vacate the office if he ceases to be a member of
the Lok sabha.
12. The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is elected by:
(a) Elected members of Rajya Sabh
(b) All members of Rajya Sabha
(c) Elected members of Parliament
(d) All members of Parliament
13. The Joint session of the two Houses of the Parliament is
chaired by the:
(a) Vice – president of India
(b) Speaker of the House of the People
(c) Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
(d) Prime Minister of India
14. Which one among the following carries out demarcation of
electoral constituencies in each state and allocation of seats
in the Loak Sabha to different States ?
(a) Election Commission
(b) Register General
(c) Delimitation Commission
(d) State Reorganisation Commission
15. Rajya Sabha has equal powers with Lok Sabha:
(a) In the matter of creating new All – India Services
(b) In amending the constitution
(c) In the removal of the Government
(d) In making cut motions
16. What is meant by ‘Zero Hour’?
(a) Exact time when the question hour ends
(b) Time between question hour and next item on the
agenda
(c) Time allotted for informal discussion between two
stages of discussion on a bill
(d) Specific time allotted for a discussion on budget
17. When an Ordinary Bill is referred to a joint sitting of both
the Houses of Parliament, it has to be passed by a:
(a) Simple majority of the total number of members of both
the Houses present and voting
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(b) Two – thirds majority of the total number of members
of both the Houses
(c) Simple majority of the total number of members of both
the Houses
(d) Two – thirds majority of the total number of members
of both the Houses present and voting
18. The Consolidated Fund of India is made up of:
(a) The excise duty and the income tax
(b) The income tax and the corporate tax
(c) The money raised from all loans
(d) All revenue receipts of the Government of India
19. The Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of the
Parliament is appointed by the:
(a) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(b) Prime Minister of India
(c) President of India
(d) Chairman of Rajya Sabha
20. Which one of the following Parliamentary Committees
consists exclusively of members of the Lok Sabha?
(a) The public Accounts Committee
(b) The Estimates Committee
(c) The Committee on Public Undertakings
(d) The Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled castes and
Scheduled Tribes
21. A law made by parliament having extra – territorial
operation shall:
(a) Not be deemed invalid
(b) Be deemed invalid
(c) Be deemed ultravires
(d) Be deemed unconstitutional
22. The idea of the Union giving directions to the States was
adopted by the makers of the Indian Constitution from:
(a) The Government of India Act, 1935
(b) The USA Constitution
(c) The Soviet Constitution
(d) The Australian Constitution
23. Which one of the following committers recommended for
the creation of Committee on Public Undertakings?
(a) Krishna Menon committee
(b) Ashok Chanda Committee
(c) Gorwala Committee
(d) T. Krishnamachari Committee
24. Which one of the following committees is constituted by
the Lok Sabha but comprises members of the Rajya Sabha
also?
(a) Business Advisory Committee
(b) Committee of Privileges
(c) Public Accounts Committee
(d) Rules Committee
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25. In a parliamentary democracy, the
(a) Executive controls the Legislature
(b) Executive and Legislature are strictly separate
(c) Judiciary controls both Legislature and Executive
(d) Legislature controls the Executive
LEVEL - 2
1. Consider the following statements in respect of provisions
for removing deadlock between the two Houses of
Parliament:
After a bill has been passed by one house and transmitted
to the other House, the president may notify to the Houses
his intention to summon them for a joint sitting. if:
1. The Bill is rejected by the other House.
2. The houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments
to be made in the bill.
3. More than three months have elapsed from the date of
the receipt of the Bill by the other House without the Bill
being passed by it.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
2. According to the constitution, the Lok sabha must meet at
least:
(a) Thrice each year with no more than two months
between sessions
(b) Twice each year no more than three months between
sessions
(c) Twice each year with no more than four months
between sessions
(d) Twice each year with no more than six months between
sessions
3. Which one of the following events is not considered to be
an indication of loss of confidence of the lower House of the
Parliament?
(a) Adjournment motion is carried
(b) Vote of thanks on the president’s address is not carried
(c) Cut on Money Bill is passed
(d) Censure motion is passed
4. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Parliament can make a law with respect to a matter in the
state list in the national interest if:
(a) The president of India gives permission
(b) The parliament passes a resolution
(c) A state makes a request
(d) The Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by a two- thirds
majority
5. Vote of credit provides for making
(a) An exceptional grant which forms no part of current
service of any financial year
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(b) Any grant in advance in respect of estimated 2. The suggestions made by the committee are necessarily
expenditure for a part of any financial year accepted by the Government
(c) A grant for meeting an unexpected demand upon 3. It ensures the observance of the canon of financial
resources of India propriety in all transactions
(d) A grant for additional expenditure upon new service 4. The Committee functions in a non-partisan manner
not contemplated in the financial year Which of these statements are correct?
6. Which one of the following is not a measure of control (a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
exercised by the Parliament over government?
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(a) Asking questions (b) Committees system
13. Which one of the following committers recommended for
(c) Review of decision the creation of Committee on Public Undertakings?
(d) No – confidence motion (a) Krishna Menon committee
7. Which one of the following statements holds good in (b) Ashok Chanda Committee
respect of the Rajya Sabha?
(c) Gorwala Committee
(a) One – third of its members retire after very three years.
(d) T. Krishnamachari Committee
(b) Two – thirds of its members retire after every three
14. Which one of the following committees is constituted by
years.
the Lok Sabha but comprises members of the Rajya Sabha
(c) Two – thirds of its members retire after every two also?
years.
(a) Business Advisory Committee
(d) One – third of its members retire after every two years.
(b) Committee of Privileges
8. Which of the following is the correct sequence through
(c) Public Accounts Committee
which an Ordinary Bill passes through in the Parliament?
(d) Rules Committee
(a) Authentication, Discussion of Principles, Clause – by –
Clause consideration, Post- introduction motion, Assent 15. Verdicts of the Supreme Court of India in which of the
following cases have a direct bearing on centre – State
(b) Post – introduction motion, Discussion of Principles,
relations?
Clause –by-Clause considerations, Authentication, Assent
1. S.R. Bommai Case
(c) Discussion of Principles, Authentication, post-
introduction motion, clause – by- Clause consideration, 2. Kesvananda Bharati Case
Assent 3. Menka Case
(d) Discussion of Principles, Post – introduction motion, 4. Indra Sahney Case
Clause –by-Clause consideration, Authentication, Assent Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
9. Who among the following decides whether a Bill is a Money (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
Bill?
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
(a) The Finance Minister
16. Which of the following taxes belong to the Union
(b) The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha exclusively?
(c) The president of India (a) Customs Duties
(d) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha (b) Land Revenue
10. A non-money bill passed by the Parliament is returned by (c) Surcharge on Income Tax
the President to Parliament for reconsideration. It is passed
(d) Corporation Tax
once again by the Parliament without any change. Now, the:
17. The Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of the
(a) President can again withhold his assent
Parliament is appointed by the:
(b) Bill will automatically lapse
(a) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(c) Bill will be referred to the supreme court
(b) Prime Minister of India
(d) President will give his assent
(c) President of India
11. ‘No tax shall be levied or collected except by authority of
(d) Chairman of Rajya Sabha
law.’ Which Article of the constitution of India provides
this? 18. Which one of the following Parliamentary Committees
consists exclusively of members of the Lok Sabha ?
(a) Article 209 (b) Article 215
(a) The public Accounts Committee
(c) Article 256 (d) Article 265
(b) The Estimates Committee
12. Consider the following statements regarding public
Accounts committee: (c) The Committee on Public Undertakings

1. It examines the Audit Report of the CAG (d) The Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled castes and
Scheduled Tribes

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19. Consider the following statements regarding public
Accounts committee:
1. It examines the Audit Report of the CAG
2. The suggestions made by the committee are necessarily
accepted by the Government
3. It ensures the observance of the canon of financial
propriety in all transactions
4. The Committee functions in a non-partisan manner
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2,3 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
21. The Parliament can legislate on the subjects in the State
List if the [NDA 2012]
(a) President issues an order authoring it to do so
(b) Supreme Court gives authority to the Parliament in this
regard
(c) Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by two-third to its
members present and voting, declaring it expedient to
legislate on a state matter in the national interest
(d) Prime minister issues a special order
22. Which non-member of parliament participates in the
business of either House parliament?
(a) The Vice-President
(b) The Solicitor General
(c) The Attorney-General
(d) The Chief Justice of India
23. When a Bill is referred to a join sitting of both the Houses of
the Parliament, it has be passed by [UPSC 2015]
(a) a simple majority of members present and voting
(b) three-fourths majority of members present and voting
(c) two-thirds majority of the Houses
(d) Absolute majority of the Houses
24. How are legislative excesses of Parliament and State
Assemblies checked? [SSC (Grad) 2001]
(a) Intervention from President/Governor
(b) No-confidence motions
(c) Judicial review
(d) General elections
25. Who among the following was the first tribal speaker of
Lok Sabh? [UPPCS 2014]
(a) GVMavalankar (b) GMC B Jayogi
(c) Manohar Joshi (d) PA Sangma
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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (d) Definition: Consolidated Fund of India is the most
important of all government accounts. Revenues received
by the government and expenses made by it, excluding the
exceptional items, are part of the Consolidated Fund. This
fund was constituted under Article 266 (1) of the
Constitution of India.
2. (b) Adjournment: The dictionary meaning is “To break off
with an intention of resuming it later". In case of
parliament, a session consists of many meetings. Each
meeting of a day consists of two sittings. A sitting can be
terminated by a Adjournment
3. (c) The adjournment motion is thus an extraordinary
procedure which, if admitted, leads to setting aside the
normal business of the House for discussing a definite
matter of urgent public importance
4. (d) Quorum basically signifies the minimum number of
members that must be present inside parliament. whether
loksabha or rajyasabha, to begin its proceedings according
to Indian constitution, the quorum mentioned is one tenth
of total MPs of either house.
5. (d) The State List or List-II is a list of 61 items. Initially
there were 66 items in the list in Schedule Seven to the
Constitution of India. The legislative section is divided into
three lists: Union List, State List and Concurrent List.
6. (c) The President shall form time to time summon each
House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he
thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its
last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first
sitting in the next session
7. (d) If a Money Bill passed by the House of the People and
transmitted to the council of States for its
recommendations is not returned to the House of the
People within the said period of fourteen days, it shall be
deemed to have been passed by both Houses at the
expiration of the said period in the form in which it was
passed by the House of the People
8. (b) Fourth Schedule - [Articles 4(1) and 80(2) Allocation of
seats in the Council of States (RajyaSabha)
9. (d) Article 312 provides for the creation of All India
Services. When once such a resolution is passed, the
Parliament is competent to constitute such an All India
Service and lay down details connected with it.
10. (b) The Railway Budget was presented every year, a few
days before the Union budget, till 2016. Modi government
on 21 September 2016 approved merger of the Rail and
General budgets from next year, ending a 92-year-old
practice of a separate budget for the nation’s largest
transporter.
11. (b) Prorogation marks the end of a parliamentary session.
It is the formal name given to the period between the end
of a session of Parliament and the State Opening of
Parliament that begins the next session. The parliamentary
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session may also be prorogued when Parliament is
dissolved and a general election called.
12. (d) The Vice President of India is also ex officio
Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha Vice President is elected
indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of
the members of both Houses of Parliament.
13. (b) Joint Session of the Parliament of India: The Parliament of
India is bicameral. The joint sitting of the Parliament is called
by the President (Article 108) and is presided over by the
Speaker or, in his absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the
LokSabha or in his absence, the Deputy-Chairman of the
RajyaSabha
14. (c) The Delimitation commission or Boundary commission
of India is a commission established by the Government of
India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission
Act. The main task of the commission is redrawing the
boundaries of the various assembly and LokSabha
constituencies based on the recent census.
15. (b) Article-368: Power of Parliament to amend the
Constitution, An amendment of the Constitution may be
initiated only by the introduction of a Bill for the purpose in
either House of Parliament
16. (b) Zero Hour: The time immediately following the
Question Hour has come to be known as "Zero Hour". It
starts at around 12 noon (hence the name) and members
can, with prior notice to the Speaker, raise issues of
importance during this time.
17. (a) If at the joint sitting of the two Houses the Bill, with
such amendments, if any, as are agreed to in joint sitting, is
passed by a majority of the total number of members of
both Houses present and voting, it shall be deemed for the
purposes of this Constitution to have been passed by both
Houses: Provided that a joint sitting.
18. (d) Consolidated Fund of India is the most important of all
government accounts. Revenues received by the
government and expenses made by it, excluding the
exceptional items, are part of the Consolidated Fund.
19. (a) Parliamentary Committees: The Parliament has to
perform complex and varied kind of functions. A committee
can be called a Parliamentary committee if it is appointed
or elected by the house or nominated by the Speaker or the
Chairman; it has a secretariat provided by the Lok
Sabha/Rajya Sabha secretariat.
20. (b) The committee consists of thirty members, all elected
from Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
21. (a) Parliament can make law for operation outside the
Indian Territory.
22. (a) The Government of India Act 1935 was an Act of the
Parliament of the United Kingdom It originally received
Royal assent in August 1935.
23. (a) In 1958, the congress formed the V. K. Krishna Menon
committee which put forward a number of recommendations
intended to reconcile the accountability of public undertakings
to parliament while keeping their autonomy on one hand and
also ensuring efficiency on the other.
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24. (c) The Public Accounts Committee consists of not more
than twenty-two members, fifteen elected by Lok Sabha,
the lower house of the Parliament, and not more than seven
members of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the
Parliament.
25. (d) In the democracy there is complete separation of the
judiciary, executive and legislature. But in India legislature
controls the executive because member of the executive are
appointed from the legislature.
LEVEL - 2
1. (b) According to article108, Joint sitting of both Houses by
president in cases more than six months elapse from the
date of the reception of the Bill by the other House without
the Bill being passed by it the President may, unless the Bill
has lapsed by reason of a dissolution of the House of the
People, notify to the Houses by message if they are sitting
or by public notification if they are not sitting, his intention
to summon them to meet in a joint sitting for the purpose of
deliberating and voting on the Bill, Provided that nothing in
this clause shall apply to a Money Bill
2. (d) The President shall form time to time summon each
House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he
thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its
last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first
sitting in the next session according article 85.
3. (a) In India, a motion of no confidence can be introduced
only in the LokSabha (the lower house of the Parliament of
India). The motion is admitted for discussion when a
minimum of 50 members of the house support the motion.
If a majority of the members of the house vote in favor of
the motion, the motion is passed and the Government is
bound to vacate the office
4. (d) The State List or List-II is a list of 61 items. Initially
there were 66 items in the list in Schedule Seven to the
Constitution of India. The legislative section is divided into
three lists: Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Unlike
the federal governments of the United States, Switzerland
or Australia, residual powers remain with the Union
Government, as with the Canadian federal government.
5. (c) Vote-on-account- literally means a vote on the accounts
of the government. Vote of Credit – It is granted for meeting
an unexpected demand upon the resources of India, due to
the magnitude or the indefinite character of the service, the
demand cannot be stated with the details ordinarily given
in a budget.
6. (c) The Executive (i.e. the political Executive the Council of
Ministers) remains responsible and the administration
accountable to Parliament. It is the function of Parliament
to exercise political and financial control over the Executive
and to ensure parliamentary surveillance of administration.
7. (c) Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to
dissolution. However, one third of the members retires
every second year, and is replaced by newly elected
members. Each member is elected for a term of six years.
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The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of examine the audit report of Comptroller and Auditor
RajyaSabha. General (CAG) after it is laid in the Parliament.
8. (b) Ordinary Bills: An Ordinary Bill may be introduced in 21. (c) The Rajya Sabha enjoys two exclusive powers: 1. As per
either House of Parliament. It must be passed by both Article 249, the Rajya Sabha can pass a resolution by two
Houses by a simple majority of all members present and thirds majority of its members for declaring a State List
voting. subject of national importance. Such a resolution
Sol. (b) The Railway Budget was presented every year, a few empowers the Parliament to legislate on such State subject
days before the Union budget, till 2016. Modi government for a period of one year.
on 21 September 2016 approved merger of the Rail and As per Article, 250 Parliament can legislate with respect to
General budgets from next year, ending a 92-year-old any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency
practice of a separate budget for the nation’s largest is in operation.
transporter. 22. (c) The Attorney General has the right of audience in all
9. (d) The decision on whether a bill is related to money is Courts in India as well as the right to participate in the
made by the Speaker when passed by the LokSabha and proceedings of the Parliament, though not to vote. The
then sent to RajyaSabha. current A G is K K Venugopal.
10. (d) Article 111 Assent to Bills When a Bill has been passed The Solicitor General of India is subordinate to the
by the Houses of Parliament, it shall be presented to the Attorney General for India.
President, and the President can assent to bill withhold
23. (a) The Parliament of India is bicameral. The joint sitting of
assent and return the bill.
the Parliament is called by the President (Article 108) and
11. (d) Article 265 in The Constitution Of India Taxes not to be is presided over by the Speaker. The joint session of Indian
imposed save by authority of law No tax shall be levied or Parliament has been called only for three times until now.
collected except by authority of law It was called to pass three bills which are the Dowry
12. (a) It serves as a check on the government especially with Prohibition Act of 1961, the Banking service commission
respect to its expenditure bill and its primary function is to Repeal Bill of 1978 and the prevention of Terrorism Act of
examine the audit report of Comptroller and Auditor 2002. The bills were passed by simple majority.
General (CAG) after it is laid in the Parliament. 24. (c) Judicial review is a type of court proceeding in which a
13. (a) In 1958, the congress formed the V. K. Krishna Menon judge reviews the lawfulness of a decision or action made
committee, which put forward a number of by a public body. After passing of non- confidence motion
recommendations intended to reconcile the accountability govt. have to resign.
of public undertakings to parliament while keeping their 25. (d)PurnoAgitokSangma was an Indian politician who
autonomy on one hand and also ensuring efficiency on the served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Chief
other.
Minister of Meghalaya . He was the first tribal speaker
14. (c) The Public Accounts Committee consists of not more of loksabha. GV Mavlankar was the President of the
than twenty-two members, fifteen elected by LokSabha, the Central Legislative Assembly, then Speaker of the
lower house of the Parliament, and not more than seven
Constituent Assembly of India, and later the first
members of RajyaSabha, the upper house of the Parliament.
Speaker of the Lok Sabha,
15. (a) The case of S. R. Bommai v. Union of India is a landmark
case in defining the powers of the Centre with respect to
Art 356 of the Constitution that deals with emergency
provision where the President can impose his rule over the
State. The Centre State relationship and its efficiency had
been dealt in a better manner in this case.
16. (c) Surcharge is a tax on tax. It is levied on the tax payable,
and not on the income generated. For example, if you have
an income of Rs 100 on which the tax is Rs 30, the
surcharge would be 10% of Rs 30 or Rs 3. In India,
17. (a) Parliamentary Committees: The Parliament has to
perform complex and varied kind of functions. A committee
can be called a Parliamentary committee if it is appointed
or elected by the house or nominated by the Speaker or the
Chairman; it has a secretariat provided by the Lok
Sabha/Rajya Sabha secretariat.
18. (b) The committee consists of thirty members, all elected
from Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
19. (a) It serves as a check on the government especially with
respect to its expenditure bill and its primary function is to

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY

Chapter –10
Union Judiciary
• The union Judiciary
• The Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of India succeeded the Federal court of
India, established under the Government of India Act
1935.
It was Inaugurated on 28th January 1950.
Article: 124 to 147 in Part V of the constitution deal with
the Supreme Court.
Article: 124(1) Establishment and constitution of
Supreme Court.
At present the Supreme Court consists of thirty
One judges one chief Justice and 33 other judges.
Article: 124 (2) Appointment of Judges
The Chief Justice is appointed by President. The other
Judges are appointed by president after consultation with
the chief Justice and such other Judges of the Supreme
Court and High courts as he deems necessary.
Article: 124 (2) tenure of Judges
The Constitution has not fixed the tenure of a judge of the
supreme court. However,it makes the following three
provisions in this regard.
(i) He holds office until he attains the age of 65 years.
(ii) He can resign his office by writing to the president.
(iii) He can be removing from, his office by the president
on the recommendation of the Parliament.
Article: 124 (3) Qualification of Judges:-
(i) He should be a citizen of India.
(ii) He should have been a judge of a High court for five
years. Or he should have been an advocate of High court
(or court in succession) for ten years. or He is the
distinguish juristin the Information of the president.
Article: 124 (4) Removal of Judges.
Supreme Court’s Judge may be removed from his office by
an order of the president passed after an address by each
House of Parliament by a majority of not less than two –
thirds of the members of that house present and voting on
the ground of proved misbehavior or incapacity.
A Removal motion signed by 100 members of Lok Sabha
or 5o members of Rajya Sabha is to be given to the
Speaker/Chairman.
Article: 124(5)Parliamentmake law regulate the
procedure for the presentation of an address and for the
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Investigation and Proof of the misbehavior or incapacity of
Judge under Clause.
Article: 124 (6) Oath or Affirmation: -
Before taking the office of a judge of the supreme court
take oath before the president or Any person appointed by
him.
Article: 124 (7) No Person who has held office as a Judge
of the supreme court shall plead or act in any court of
before any authority within the territory of India.
Article: 125: -Salaries and Allowances of Judges.
The Salaries, Allowances, Privileges, leave and pension of
the Judges of the supreme court are determined from time
to time by parliament.
In 2017, the salary of the chief justice was Increased from
Rs. 1 lakh per month to 2,80,000, per month and that of
Judges from 90,000 to Rs. 2,50,000 per month.
They are also paid sumptuary allowance and provided
with free accommodation and other facilities like medical
car, telephone, etc.
The retired chief justice and judges are entitled to 50 per
cent of their last drown salary as monthly pension.
Article: 126Appointment of acting Chief Justice
The President Can appoint a judge of the supreme court as
an Acting chief Justice of India when: -
(i) The office of chief Justice of India is vacant.
(ii) The chief Justice of India temporarily absent.
(iii) The chief Justice of India is unable to perform the
duties of his office.
Article: 127Appointment of Ad- hoc- Judges
When there should not be a quorum of the permanent
Judges to hold or continue any session of the supreme
court, the chief Justice of India can Appoint a Judge of a
High court as an Ad – Hoc Judge of the Supreme court for a
temporary period.
Article: -128Provision for Retired Judge
Retired Judges of SC and HC maybe requested with prior
consent of the president to sit and function as the judge of
the supreme court.
Article: -129A court of Record
As a court of Record Supreme court as two powers: -
(i) The Judgment, Proceedings and acts of supreme court
are recorded for perpetual memory and testimony. these
records are admitted to be of evidentiary value and cannot
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be questioned when produced before any court. The
recognized as precedent and legal references.
(ii) It has power to punish for Contempt of Court.
• Article: -130 Seat of the Supreme court
The Supreme court shall sit in Delhi or in such other place
or places, as the chief Justice of India may, with the
Approval of the President, from time to time Appoint
Note: - So far, the Supreme Court has held its meeting in
Srinagar and Delhi.
Jurisdiction and powers of Supreme court
1. Article: -131: Primary Jurisdiction
There are some topics and areas where the right to hear
only on the supreme court. which is as follows-
(i) The centre and one or more states
(ii) The centre and any state or States on one side and one
or more states on the other
(iii) Between two or more states.
Appellate Jurisdiction: -
Article: -132: Appeals in constitutional matters.
In the Constitutional case, An Appeal can be made in the
supreme court, against the Judgment of a High court is the
High court Certifies that the case involves a substantial
question of law that requires the Interpretation of the
constitution.
Article: -133: Civil matter
In Civil matter cases an Appeal lies to the supreme court
from any Judgment of a High court if the high court
certifies
(i) That the case Involves a substantial question of law of
general Importance
(ii) That the question needs to be decided by the supreme
court.
Note: Originally, only those civil cases that Involved a sum
of Rs. 20000 could be appealed before the supreme court.
But this monetary limit was Removed by 30th
constitutional Amendment Act of 1972.
Article: -134: Appeals in criminal matters;
The supreme court hears Appeals against the Judgment in
a criminal proceeding of a high court if the high court-
(i) Has on appeal reversed on order of acquittal of an
accused person and sentenced him to death.
(ii) It has taken before itself Any case from any
subordinate court and Convicted the accused person and
sentenced him to death.
(iii) Certifies that the case in a fit one for Appeal to the
supreme court (Article: -134 A.)
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Article: -135 Jurisdictions and power of the federal
court under existing law to be exercisable by the
Supreme Court.
Until, Parliament by law otherwise Provides, the supreme
court shall also have Jurisdiction and powers with respect
to any matter to which the provisions of Article134 or 133
do not Apply if Jurisdiction and in relation to that matter
were exercisable by the federal court immediately before the
commencement this constitution under any existing law.
Article: -136Special leave to appeal by the supreme
court.
Article: -137 Review of Judgments or orders by the
supreme court.
Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament
or any rules made under Article: 145, the Supreme court
shall have power to review any Judgment pronounced or
order made by it.
Article-138: Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the S.C.
Article-139: Writ Jurisdiction
The Constitution has constituted the supreme court as the
guarantor and defender of the of the fundamental Rights
of citizens. the supreme court is empowered to Issue writs
in including Habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition,
quo- warrant and certiorari.
for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an
aggrieved citizen.
Article: 139 A Transfer of certain cases
Article: 140 Ancillary Powers of supreme court
Article: 141 Law declared by supreme court to be
binding on all courts.
Article: 142 Inforcement of decrees and orders of
supreme court and orders as to discovery etc.
Article: 143 Advisory Jurisdiction.
Constitution Authorizes President to seek the Opinion of
Supreme court.
It should be noted that the Advice tendered by the
Supreme court under Article: 143 is not a Judicial
Pronouncement and hence it is not binding on the
Government.
Article: 144: Civil and Judicial authorities to act in aid
of the supreme court.
all Authorities, civil and Judicial, in the territory of India
shall act in aid of the supreme court.
Article: -145: Rule of the court.
Article: -146: officers and servants and the expenses of
the Supreme court.
Article: 147: Interpretation
Power of Judicial Review
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Judicial Review is the power of the Supreme Court to
examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments 6. Which one among the following writs literally means ‘you
and executive orders of both the central and state may have the body’? [CDS 2012]
governmenton examination, if they are found to be (a) Certiorari (b) Habeas corpus
violating the constitution, they can be declared as illegal. (c) Mandamus (d) Quo warranto
Unconstitutional and invalid by the supreme court. 7. Who/which of the following is the custodian of the
Consequently, they cannot be In forced by the Constitution of India? [UPSC 2015]
Government. (a) The Parliament of India
(b) The Prime Minister of India
(c) The Lok Sabha Secretariat
LEVEL - 1 (d) The Supreme Court of India
1. In the appointment of the Judges of the Supreme 8. The power of the Supreme Court of India to decide disputes
Court, the recommendations of the collegium between the Centre and the States falls under its [UPSC
consisting of the chief Justice of India and four of the 2014, CDS 2013]
senior most Judges of the Supreme Court is binding (a) advisory jurisdiction
on the President of India, because: (b) appellate jurisdiction
(a) It is so provided in the Constitution of India (c) original jurisdiction
(b) It has been the consistent practice for a long time (d) writ jurisdiction
(c) It has been laid down by the Parliament 9. Electoral disputes arising out of presidential and vice
presidential elections are settled by [CDS 2013]
(d) It has been laid down by the Supreme Court
(a) Election Commission of India
2. Which one of the following is directly related to the
(b) Joint committee of Parliament
Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India?
(c) Supreme Court of India
(a) Appeals made in civil, criminal and constitutional
(d) Speaker of Lok Sabha
cases
10. The President of the USA appoints Supreme Court judges.
(b) Appeals made in constitutional cases only [SSC (CGL) 2014]
(c) Adjudication of disputes between the Union and (a) With senate’s consent
the states (b) at his discretion
(d) Adjudication of disputes between the states (c) with consent of the Houses of Representatives
3. How can the number of Judges in the Supreme Court (d) None of the above
of India be increased?
(a) By a Presidential notification 11. The system of Judicial Review exists in
(b) By a Parliamentary Act (a) India only (b) UK only
(c) By an Amendment of the Constitution of India (c) USA only (d) India and USA
(d) By a Representation from the Supreme court 12. Which Article of the constitution permits the Supreme
Court to review its own judgment or order?
4. In order to remove a judge of the Supreme Court, the
President is required by the Constitution to receive (a) Article 137 (b) Article 138
an address by each House of Parliament supported by (c) Article 139 (d) Article 140
a majority of the membership of the House, and by a 13. Who is the custodian of India Constitution?
prescribed majority of members of the Hose present (a) President (b) Parliament
and voting. The Prescribed majority is (c) Council of Ministers
(a) One – third (b) One – half (d) Supreme court
(c) Two –thirds (d) Three-fourths 14. Who among the following 1st Chief Justice of India
5. The jurisdiction of the supreme court of India may be (a) H J Kania (b)M P Sastri
enlarged by: (c) K Subha Rao (d) AK Sarkar
(a) Parliament by law 15. The Largest constitutional bench of 13 Judge Bench
delivered judgement in which of the following case
(b) Parliament by resolution
(a) Vishakha case
(c) The president
(b) Kesavananda Bharti case
(d) The president in consultation with the Chief
(c) Shreya Singhal case
Justice of India
(d) Golak Nath case

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16. When there is a vacancy in the office of the President and
the Vice-president at the same time, the office is held
LEVEL - 2
temporarily by 1. Which one of the following is not an essential
(a) The prime minister condition for appointment as a judge of the Supreme
(b) The Chief Justice of India Court?
(c) The Speaker of Lok Sabha (a) A citizen of India
(d) None of the above (b) At least five years’ experience as judge of a High
17. Acting chief justice of the supreme court in India is Court or of two or more such courts in Succession
appointed by the
(c) Must have completed 35 years of age
(a) Chief Justice of Supreme Court
(d) At least ten years’ experience as an advocate of a
(b) Prime minister
High Court or of two or more such Courts in
(c) President
Succession
(d) Law minister
2. When the Chief Justice of India is appointed by the
18. Who has the right to seek advisory opinion of the supreme
court of India, on any question of law? President, he is required to consult:
(a) Prime Minister (b) President (a) The Council of Ministers and all the Judges of the
(c) Any judge of high court (d) All of the above Supreme Court
19. The power of the supreme court of India to decide the (b) The Prime Minister, the Law Minister and the
disputes between the centre and the states falls under its Attorney – General of India
(a) Advisory Jurisdiction (c) Such of the Minister of the Cabinet and the Prime
(b) Appellate Jurisdiction Minister as he deems necessary
(c) Constitutional Jurisdiction (d) Such of the Judges of the Supreme Court and High
(d) Original Jurisdiction Courts as he deems necessary
20. What does the ‘Judicial Review’ function of the Supreme 3. The Supreme Court of India is different from its
Court mean?
counterpart in the U.S.A.:
(a) Review its own Judgment
(a) In its role as the guardian of the Constitution
(b) Review the functioning of judiciary in the country
(c) Examine the constitutional validity of the laws
(b) In its advisory role
(d) Undertake periodic review of the constitution (c) In its role as the supreme authority in the Judicial
21. The disputes regarding the election of the President and field in the country
Vice-President of India are decided by the (d) In its writ Jurisdiction
(a) Parliament (b) Election Commission 4. Which of the following has jurisdiction to decide a
(c) Supreme Court (d) High Court dispute between Central Government and a state
22. How many types of writs can be issued by the Supreme Government?
court?
(a) Inter – State Council
(a) 2 (b) 3
(b) High court under Article: 226 of the Constitution
(c) 5 (d) 6
of India
23. The Supreme Court of India enjoys
(c) Supreme Court under Article: 143 of the
(a) Original Jurisdiction
Constitution of India
(b) Advisory Jurisdiction
(d) Supreme Court under Article: 131 of the
(c) Appellate and Advisory Jurisdictions
Constitution of India
(d) Original Appellate and Advisory Jurisdictions
5. Judicial Review in the India Constitution is based on:
24. What makes the Judiciary the guardian of the constitution?
(a) Independence (a) Procedure established by law
(b) Service conditions (b) Due process of Law
(c) Salary (c) Rule of Law
(d) Judicial Review (d) Precedents and conventions
25. Public interest Litigation (PIL) may be linked with 6. On which of the following grounds can a Judge of the
(a) Judicial review (b) Judicial activism Supreme Court be impeached?
(c) Judicial intervention 1. Violation of the Constitution.
(d) Judicial sanctity 2. Proved misbehavior.

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3. Incapacity to act as a judge. (c) Article 138 : Enlargement of Supreme court
Select the correct answer using the codes given below Jurisdiction
[NDA 2009] (d) Article 140 : Enforcement of decrees
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 15. Who among the following can establish a common High
Court for two or more states?
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
(a) The President
7. The two provisions of the Constitution of India that most
clearly express the power of judicial review are [NDA (b) The President in consultation with the Chief Justice of
2015] India
(a) Article 21 and Article 446 (c) The Parliament by law
(b) Article 32 and Article 226 (d) None of the above
(c) Article 44 and Article 152 16. Who can appoint a District Judge?
(d) Article 17 and Article 143 (a) Governor in consultation with the High Court
8. Which of the following courts in India is/are known as the (b) Governor alone
Court(s) of Records? (c) Governor in consultation with the High Court and the
(a) The High Courts only Public Service Commission
(b) The Supreme Court only (d) Governor in consultation with the Public service
Commission alone
(c) The High Courts and Supreme Court
17. Which of the following procedures are necessary for
(d) The District Courts
appointment chief justice of the high court?
9. The ‘Basic Structure Doctrine’ was enunciated by the
1. Consent of the chief justice of the India
Supreme Court during the [NDA 2015]
2. Consultation with the governor of the state
(a) Golak Nath case (b) Maneka Gandhi case
3. Consultation of the chief justice of the high court
(c) Kesavanda Bharati case (d) SR Bommai case
4. Consultation with the president
10. The Supreme Court of India tenders advice to the President
on a matter of law or fact [UPSC 2001] Codes
(a) on its own initiative (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(b) only if he seeks such advice (c)2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
(c) only if the matter relates to the Fundamental Rights of 18. The seat of the Supreme Court shall be in
citizens (a) Such other places as the parliament may decide
(d) only if the issue poses a threat to the and integrity of the (b) Such other places as chief justice of India may with the
country approval of the parliament may appoint
11. Who was the Chief justice of India when Public Interest (c) Such other places as chief justice of India may with the
Litigation (PIL) was introduced to the Indian Judicial approval of the president may appoint
System? (d) New Delhi only
(a) M Hidayatullah (b) AM Ahmadi 19. Under Article 136, any person can move to the Supreme
(c) PN Bhagwati (d) AS Anand Court for special leave
12. In which of the following judgments of the constitutional (a) As a matter of right
bench of the supreme court of India, the rarest of the rear (b) It is Supreme Court discretion to grant the grant such
principle in the award of the death penalty was first laid leave
down?
(c) Both a and b
(a) Bachansingh Vs. State of Punjab (1980)
(d) None of the above
(b) Gopalanachari Vs. state of UP (1983)
20. When the office of the Chief Justice of India of vacant, the
(c) Dr. Upendra baxi Vs. State of UP duties of his office shall be performed by
(d) Tukaram Vs. State of Maharashtra (a) such other judge of the Supreme Court as the
13. The system of the PIL has been introduced in India Parliament may appoint
(a) Through constitutional amendments (b) such other Judge of the supreme court as the President
(b) By judicial initiative may appoint
(c) By political initiative (c) such other Judge of the Supreme Court as the Chief
justice may appoint
(d) By parliamentary act
(d) All of the above
14. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
21. Which of the following is/are correct/
Article Deals with
1. A supreme court is the court of record and has power to
(a) Article 135 : Federal court jurisdiction
punish for its own contempt
(b) Article 137 : Review of judgment by Supreme Court

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2. A judge of Supreme Court can practice in any court or in
any authority throughout India only after his retirement
Codes
(a) only1 (b) Only 2
(c)1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
22. Under which law it is prescribed that all proceedings in the
Supreme Court of India shall be in English language?
[CDS 2012]
(a) The Supreme Court Rules, 1966
(b) A Legislation made by the Parliament
(c) Article 145 of the Constitution of India
(d) Article 348 of the Constitution of India
23. The minimum number of Judge of the Supreme Court
required for hearing any case involving interpretation of
the constitution is [UPPCS 2012]
(a) 10 (b) 9
(c) 7 (d) 5
24. When of the following statements with respect to the
judiciary in India is/are correct? [CDS 2011]
1. Unlike in the USA, India has not provided for a double
system of courts.
2. Under the Constitution of India, there is a single
integrated system of courts for the union as well as the
states.
3. The organization of the subordinate judiciary varies
slightly from state to state.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c)1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
25. Consider the following statements [MPSC 2015]
1. In Britain, no judicial review of legislation is permitted.
2. Judiciary in India is not as supreme as in the USA which
recognizes no limit on the scope of judicial review.
(a) Statement 1 is correct, 2 is false.
(b) Statement 1 is false, 2 is correct.
(c) Both the statements are false.
(d) Both the statements are correct.
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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (d) Previously, under the collegiums system, five top
judges of the Supreme Court recommended transfer
and elevation of judges to Supreme Court and high
court.
2. (a)The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High
Court concerned under Article: 132(1), 133(1) or 134
of the Constitution in respect of any judgments,
decree or final order of a High Court in both civil and
criminal cases.
3. (b) There are currently 31 judges (including Chief
Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength
of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the
Supreme Court retire at age 65. Justice Ranjan Gogoi
is the 46th Chief Justice of India. He was sworn in on
3 October 2018.
4. (c)Article: 124(4) of the Constitution of India states:
“A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed
from his office except by an order of the President
passed after an address by each House of Parliament
supported by a majority of the total membership of
that House and by a majority of not less than two-
thirds
5. (a)Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court
under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme
Court until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the
Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and
powers
6. (b)A writ of habeas corpus (which literally means to
"produce the body") is a court order demanding that
a public official (such as a warden) deliver an
imprisoned individual to the court and show a valid
reason for that person's detention.
Mandamus. Means in Latin, We command
They were written in Latin: certiorari “[we wish] to
be made certain"
Quo warranto (Medieval Latin for "by what warrant”)
7. (d) Supreme Court is there to check and balance the
function of the legislature and executive. It is the highest
authority and custodian of the constitution because it is the
interpreter of the constitution.
8. (c)In India, the Supreme Court has original, appellate and
advisory jurisdiction. Its exclusive original jurisdiction
extends to all cases between the Government of India and
the States of India or between Government of India and
states on one side and one or more states on other side or
cases between different states.As per the article 143
president can seek information from the supreme court
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anytime , it is the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court.
9. (c)The decision of the Supreme Court is final in the Election
disputes. All doubts and disputes relating to the elections to
the office of President and Vice-President are dealt with by
the Supreme Court (Article 71)
10. (a)According to the American Constitution, the president
nominates the judges and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, appoints the judge of the Supreme Court. These
judges are appointed for life-time, and they can be removed
only through impeachment by the Congress.
11. (d) Judicial review is the power of the judiciary to examine
the constitutionality of legislative enactments and
executive orders of both the Central and State
governments. It was started in USA and followed by many
countries like India.
12. (a) Article -137: Under it Supreme Court can review its
own judgments
Artical-138: Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court
Artical-139: Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers
to issue certain writs
Artical-140: Ancillary powers of Supreme Court
13. (d) Supreme Court is the guardian and custodian of Indian
constitution because Supreme Court has the right to
judicial review.
14. (a) Since the birth of the Republic of India on 26 January
1950, 46 people have served as the Chief Justice of India
(CJI). While H. J. Kania is the inaugural CJI, the current
incumbent is Ranjan Gogoi who is appointed as Chief
Justice of India.
15. (b) The Kesavananda Bharati judgement is a landmark
decision of the Supreme Court of India that outlined the
basic structure doctrine of the Constitution. And also
defined the right to property issue.This judgment was given
by a 13 judges batch on 23rd march, 1973.
16. (b) Discharge of Functions Act, 1969 of India provides that
the Chief Justice of India (CJI) shall act as the President of
India in the event of the offices of both the President and
the Vice President being vacant.
17. (c) Under article 126 the president can appoint the acting
judge of Supreme Court if the seat is vacant. This
appointment is done with the consult of the chief justice of
India.
18. (b) Article 143 gives president the right to seek the advice
from the Supreme Court. and SC is bound to give the advice.
19. (d) Original jurisdiction (Article 131) refers to the right of
the Supreme Court to hear a case for the first time. It has
the exclusive right to hear all cases that deal with disputes
between states, or between states and the union
government.
20. (c) Judicial Review refers to the power of the judiciary to
interpret the constitution and to declare any such law or
order of the legislature and executive void, if it finds them
in conflict the Constitution of India. The Constitution of
India is the supreme law of the land.
21. (c) Supreme Court shall inquire and decide regarding
doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with the
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election of a President and Vice President per Article 71 of
the constitution.
22. (c) There is five major types of writs viz. habeas corpus,
mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari. Each
of them has different meaning and different implications. In
India, both Supreme Court and High Court have been
empowered with Writ Jurisdiction.
23. (d) In India, the Supreme Court has original, appellate and
advisory jurisdiction through article 131, 132, 133 and 134.
Its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to all cases
between the Government of India and the States of India or
between Government of India and states on one side and
one or more states on other side or cases between different
states.
24. (a) Supreme Court is called the guardian of the constitution
because the Supreme Court is given the power to protect,
safeguard, and uphold the constitution and empower to
declare a law null and void if it is found to be inconsistent
with the constitution.
25. (b) PIL is a petition that an individual or a non-government
organization or citizen groups, can file in the court seeking
justice in an issue that has a larger public interest. It aims at
giving common people an access to the judiciary to obtain
legal redress for a greater cause. (Under article 32 and
226.)
LEVEL - 2
1. (c)Minimum age for judges of Supreme Court has not
been determined.
2. (d)Every Judge of the Supreme Court shall be
appointed by the President by warrant under his
hand and seal after consultation with such of the
Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts
in the States as the President may deem necessary for
the purpose and shall hold office until he attains the
age of sixty five years.
3. (b)Article: 143 of the Indian Constitution confers
upon the Supreme Court advisory jurisdiction. The
President may seek the opinion of the Supreme Court
on any question of law or fact of public importance.
4. (d)Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Subject
to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme
Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have
original jurisdiction in any dispute between the
Government of India and one or more States.
6. (d)A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from
his office except by an order of the President when
parliament passed a resolution with a special majority.
Removal on the ground of proved misbehavior or
incapacity— Article 124(4), Constitution of India
7. (b) 32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred
by the fundamental rights.
226 Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
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Both are give power to SC and HC to judicial review
and issuing writs in certain cases.
5. (a)Judicial review is the power of the U.S.A. Supreme
Court to decide whether a law or decision by the
legislative or executive branches of federal
government, or any court or agency of the state
governments is constitutional. The power of judicial
review was established in 1803 by Supreme Court.
8. (c) 141 Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all
courts.
215 High Courts to be courts of record. By these articles SC
and HC are the court of records.
9. (c) In 1967, the Supreme Court reversed its earlier
decisions in Golaknath v. State of Punjab. It held that
Fundamental Rights included in Part III of the Constitution
are given a "transcendental position" and are beyond the
reach of Parliament. And basic structure concept was given
by the keshvanandbharti case of 1973.
10. (b) The SC has to give the advice to the president whenever
he is seeking it but president is not bound to the advice of
the SC.
11. (c) The concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is in
consonance with the principles enshrined in Article 39A
of the Constitution of India to protect and deliver prompt
social justice with the help of law. Justice P. N. Bhagwati
and Justice V. R. Krishna Ayer were among the first
judges to admit PILs in court. Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi was
the 26th Chief Justice of India. Adarsh Sein Anand was the
29th Chief Justice of India.
12. (a)Bachan Singh vs. State of Punjab (1980). The Supreme
Court of India ruled that the death penalty should be
imposed only in "the rarest of rare cases."
13. (b) The PIL was introduced by the justice p n bhagavati by
his discretion, so it was a judicial initiative. Now it came
under Article 39A.
14. (d) Article 140: Ancillary powers of Supreme Court means
Article 142: Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme
Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
15. (c) As per the article 231, Parliament may by law establish
a common High Court for two or more States or for two or
more States and a Union territory. This bill should be
passed by special majority in the parliament.
16. (a) The judges of subordinate courts are appointed by the
governor in consultation with the chief justice of the high
court of the concerned state. District judge is the highest
judicial authority of a district. For appointment he should
have 7 years experience and selected through a written
exam and interview.
17. (a) The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the
President with the consultation of the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court and the Governor of the State. The other
judges are appointed by the will of President, Governor and
the Chief Justice of High Court.
18. (c) As per the article 130 the Supreme Court shall sit in
Delhi or in such other place or places, as the Chief Justice of
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India may, with the approval of the President, from time to
time, appoint.
19. (b) As per the article 136, the Supreme Court may, in its
discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment,
decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or
matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the
territory of India.
20. (b) When the post of CJI is vacant than the other judge of
the supreme court is appointed by the president and he is
the senior mot judge of the supreme court.
21. (a) As per the article 129 Supreme Court to be a court of
record and can review and alter its own judgment. By the
case of keshwanandbharti case Supreme court alter the
judgment of berubari union. A Person who has retired as a
judge of the Supreme Court is debarred from practicing in
any court of law or before any other authority in India.
However, Supreme Court and high court judges are
appointed to various posts in tribunals and commissions,
after their retirement.
22. (d) Article - 348: Language to be used in the Supreme Court
and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc. Through this
Article Supreme court and High Court should use English
language.
23. (d) Constitution bench is the name given to the benches of
the Supreme Court of India which consist of at least five
judges of the court which sit to decide any case “involving a
substantial question of law as to the interpretation” of the
Constitution of India or "for the purpose of hearing any
reference" made by the President of India under Article
143.
24. (c) Indian judiciary is the integrated judiciary with
Supreme Court as its head and supported by the high court
and the subordinated courts. And sub ordinated courts are
varying state to state. India has the single court system
while USA has the double system of courts, there is courts
are at the center as well as the states with different laws.
25. (d) There is no written constitution in Britain, there is no
judicial review is not functioned, while this concept is given
by the USA, while in India there is fusion of both. In India
there is a procedure established by law while in USA there
is due process of law.
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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY

Chapter –11
State Executive
The constitution of India Provides the identical pattern of
government in the states (Except Jammu as Kashmir) as that for
the centre i.e. parliamentary system, Articles 153 to 167 in Part
VI of the Constitution deals with the state Executive.
The state Executive consist of the governor, the chief minister,
the council of minister and advocate general of the state. Thus
there is no office of vice – governor (in the state) like that vice
president at the centre
• Governor: The Governor is the chief executive head of the
state, But, like the president, he is a nominal executive head
(titular or constitutional head) the governor also acts as an agent
of the central Government. Therefore, the office of governor has a
dual role.
Article – 152 Definition
Article – 153 Governor of states
Note: -Usually, there is a governor of each state, but the 7th
constitutional Amendment Act of 1956 facilitated the appointment
of the same person as a governor for two or more states.
Article – 154 Executive powers of states
Article – 155 Appointment of Governor
The governor appointed by the president by warrant under his
hand and seal. The office of governor of a state is not an
employment under the central Government.
Article – 156 Term of office of Governor
A Governor holds office for a term of five years from the date on
which he enters upon his office. However, this term of five years
is subject to the pleasure of the president. Further, he can resign
at any time by addressing a resignation letter to the president.
Article -157: Qualifications for Appointment as a Governor.
(i) He should be citizen of India
(ii) He should have completed the age of 35 years.
Additionally, two conventions have also developed in this regard
over the years: -
(i) He should be an outsider; he should be free from the local
politics.
(ii) The president is required to consult the chief minister of the
state for the smooth functioning of the constitutional machinery
in the state.
However, both conventions have been violated in some cases.
Article – 158 Conditions of Governor’s office
(i) He should not be a member of either House of Parliament
(ii) He should not hold any the office of profit.
(iii) He is entitled to such emoluments, allowances and privileges
as may be determined by parliament
(iv) He is entitled without payment of rent to the use of his
official Residence.
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(v) When the same person is appointed as the governor of two or
more states.
The emoluments and allowances payable to him are shared by
the states in such proportion as determined by the president.
(vi) His emolument and allowances cannot be diminished during
his term of office.
Article – 159O th or affirmation by the Governor
The Oath of office to the governor is administered by the chief
Justice of the concerned state High court and in his absence, the
senior – most Judge of that court available.
Article – 160 Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in
certain Contingencies
The president may make such provision as he thinks fit for the
discharge of the function of the Governor of a state in any
contingency not provided for in this Chapter.
Article-161 Power of the Governor to grant pardons and
other
The Governor of State shall have the power to grant pardons,
reprieves, respites or remissions of Punishment or to Suspend,
remit or commute the sentence against any law relating to a
matter to which the executive power of the state extends.
Powers and Functions of governor.
Executive Legislative Financial Judicial
Powers Powers
Powers Powers
(i) Executive Powers
All executive actions of the government of state are formally
taken in his name.
Article – 164The Governor appoints the chief minister and
other ministers of a state.
Article –165: Advocate–General for State Appointed by
Governor.
A Tribal welfare minister in the states of Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha appointed by Governor.
Other appointment Chairman and members of state public
service Commission and the Judges of the District Courts, The
Chancellor and vice chancellor of state universities.
He can recommend the imposition of constitutional emergency in
a state to the president.
During the period of president’s Rule’ he enjoys extensive
executive Powers as agent of the president.
2. Legislative Powers.
Article – 174 Sessions of the state legislature, prorogation and
dissolution by the Governor.
Article – 175 Right of the Governor to address and send message
to the house or house of state legislature.
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Article: 176 He can address the state legislative assembly and
council session after each general election and the first session of
year.
Article: 192 He decides on the question of disqualification of
members of the state legislature in consultation with the election
commission.
Article: 200 When a bill is sent to the governor after it passed by
legislature he can: -
(a) Give his assent to the bill.
(b) Withhold his assent to the bill.
(c) Return the bill (if it is not a money bill)
for reconsideration of the state legislature.
(d) Reserve the bill for the consideration of the president.
Note: - However, if the bill is passed again by the state
legislature with or without amendments governor has to give his
assent to the bill
Article: 333 He can nominate one member to the state
legislative assembly from the Anglo – Indian Community.
Article: 213 He can promulgate ordinances when the state
legislature is not in session.
These ordinances must be approved by the state legislature
within six weeks from its reassembly.
Financial power: -
(i) He sees that the Annual Financial statement (State budget) is
laid before the state legislature.
(ii) Money bill can be introduced in the state assembly only with
his prior recommendation.
(iii) No demand for a grant can be made except on his
recommendation.
(iv) He can make advances out of the contingency fund of the
state to meet any unforeseen expenditure.
(v) He constitutes a finance commission after every five years to
Review the financial position of the panchayats and the
municipalities.
• Judicial Powers
Article -161 He can grant pardons, reprises and remissions of
punishment or suspend, remit and commute the sentence of any
person convicted of any office against any low relating to a
matter to which the executive power of the state extends.
Article: 233 He makes appointment, postings and promotions of
the district Judges in consultation with the state high court.
He consulted by the president while appointing the Judges of the
High court
• Chief Minister
The governor is the nominal executive Authority (de Jure
executive) and the chief minister is the real Executive Authority
(de facto executive) .
The governor is the head of the state and Chief Minister is the
head of Government.
The position of the chief minister at the state level is analogous
to the Prime minister at the centre.
Article: 164 Appointment of the chief minister
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The chief minister shall be appointed by the governor, who
becomes the leader of the majority party in the state legislative
assembly.
Term of office of Chief Minister: -
The term of Chief Minister is not fixed and he holds office till the
pleasure of the governor, it means that the governor can be
dismiss him at any time. He cannot dismiss by the Governor as
Long as he enjoys majority support in the legislative assembly.
Oath: The governor administers to him the oath of office and
secrecy.
Salary The salary and allowances of the chief minister are
determined by the state legislature. and he gets a sumptuary
allowance, Free accommodation travelling allowance, medical
facilities.
• Power and Function of chief minister
• In Relation to council of minister.
(i) The Governor appoints only those persons as a minister who
are recommended by the chief minister
(ii) He allocates and reshuffles the portfolios among ministers
(iii) He can ask a minister to resign or advise the governor to
dismiss him in case of difference of opinion.
(iv) He presides over the meetings of the council of ministers and
influences its decisions.
(v) He guides, directs, Controls and coordinates the activities of
all the ministers.
(vi) Chief Minister is the head of the council of ministers his
resignation or death automatically dissolves the council of
ministers.
• In Relation to the Governor
(i) He is Principal channel of Communication between the Governor
and Council of ministers. It is the duty. of the chief minister.
(ii) To communicate to the Governor of the state all decisions of
the council of minister relating to the administration of the
affairs of the state and proposal for legislation.
(iii) He advises the governor with regard to Appointment of
important officials like advocate general, chairman and members
of the state public service commission, state election
commission.
(iv) He advised the governor with regard to the summoning and
proroguing and recommended the dissolution of the legislature
to the governor at any time.
Other power and function
(i) He introduces the government policies on the floor of the house.
(ii) He is the chairman of the state planning Board.
(iii) He is member of inter–state council and the national
Development Council, both headed by the prime minister.
(iv) He is the chief spokesperson of the state Government
(v) He is the crisis manger – in- chief at the political level during
emergencies.
(vi) As a leader of the state, he meets various sections of the
people and receives memoranda from regarding their problems.
(vii) He is the Political head of the services.
• State Council of ministers.
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The chief minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the
other ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice
of the chief minister.
The ministers shall hold his office during the pleasure of the
Governor.
The members of Council of ministers shall be collectively
responsible to the state legislative Assembly.
The Governor shall administer the oaths of office and secrecy to a
minister.
A minister who is not a member of the state legislature for any
period of six consecutive month shall cease to be a minister
Like at the centre, in the states, too, the council of ministers
consists of three categories of minister: -
(i) Cabinet minister (ii) State minister (iii) Deputy minister
Article Related of chief minister and state council of minister
Article – 163 Council of minister to aid and advise governor.
Article – 164 Appointment of chief minister and other
provisions as to ministers.
Article -166 Conduct of business of the Government of State
Article -167 Duties of Chief minister as respects the furnishing
of information to Governor.
• Advocate General
Article – 165 A Advocated General has been made in the state
which is the highest law officer of the state. In this way he will be
in line with the Attorney General of India.
Appointment: by the Governor of state
Tenure Not fixed the Advocate shall hold office during the
pleasure of the Governor General.
LEVEL - 1
1. When a Bill passed by the state legislature attempts to take
away the powers of the High court and is presented before
the Governor for his assent, he:
(a) My give his assent
(b) May withhold his assent
(c) Is bound to return the Bill for reconsideration
(d) Is bound to reserve the Bill for the consideration of the
President
2. The de-jure head of a State Government is the:
(a) Chief Minister of the State
(b) Law Ministers of the State
(c) Home Ministers of the State
(d) Governor of the State
3. When can the Governor of a state issue an ordinance?
(a) When the Union Government asks him to do so
(b) Whenever there is a law and order problem inthe state
(c) Whenever the State Legislature is not in Session and the
Governor is satisfied that immediate action is needed
(d) Whenever the Judiciary advises him to do so
4. The correct constitutional position regarding the Governor
is that the:
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(a) Governor acts on the advice of the Prime Minister
(b) Governor acts on the advice of the President of India
(c) Governor acts on the advice of the Chief Minister of the state
(d) Governor acts on the advice of the council of ministers
of the state
5. Under Article 213, the Governor of a state is empowered to:
(a) Exercise discretionary powers
(b) Promulgate ordinances during the recess of the
Legislature
(c) Appoint a Judge of the State High Court
(d) Exercise his emergency powers
6. In which one of the following states, it is not
constitutionally obligatory for the Governor to appoint a
minister in-charge of tribal affairs?
(a) Bihar (b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Odisha (d) Jharkhand
7. The Governor of a State may be removed from the office by
the President:
(a) At the request of the Chief Minister
(b) On the advice of the Lok Ayukta
(c) On the advice of the Union Cabinet
(d) On the advice of the Attorney – General of India
8 When there is no majority party in the sate legislative
Assembly, the principal consideration governing the choice
of the Chief Minister by the governor of the State is the:
(a) Ability of the person who is most likely to command a
stable majority in the House
(b) Largest political party in the legislative Assembly
(c) The combination of several parties as a unit
(d) The loyalty and support of the party members to their
respective party programmers and policies
9. The Constitution of India lays down those proposals for
legislation are be communicated to the Governor by the:
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
(c) Minister for Law
(d) Minister for Home Affairs
10. Some state Government has, besides cabinet Ministers and
Ministers of state, Parliamentary secretaries also. These
Parliamentary Secretaries who are also members of the
State legislature are appointed by:
(a) The Chief Minister (b) The Governor
(c) The Chief whip of the ruling party
(d) The Speaker
11. The salaries and allowances of the council of Ministers of
the state Government are paid from the:
(a) Reserve Bank of India
(b) Treasury of the Government
(c) Contingency Fund of the State
(d) Consolidated Fund of the State
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12. The ministers in the State could be prosecuted only with
the approval of the Governor because they:
(a) Are the heads of the ministers
(b) Are representatives of the people
(c) Enjoy certain immunities under the provisions of the
Constitution
(d) Exercise executive powers on behalf of the Governor
13. The accountability or responsibility of the Chief Minister
and Cabinet to the State legislative Assembly is
(a) Intermittent (b) Indirect
(c) At the time of elections
(d) Direct, continuous and collective
14. The Ordinance of the Governor
(a) Is much narrower that a law made by the State
legislature
(b) Is more extensive than the law made by the State
Legislature
(c) Has the same force as the law made by the State
Legislature
(d) Has Little value than the law made by State Legislature
15. The salary of the Governor is charged on
(a) The Consolidated Fund of India
(b) The Contingency Fund of the State
(c) The consolidated fund of the state
(d) The consolidated Fund of India and consolidated Fund
to the state on fifty – fifty basis
16. The Ordinances issued by the Governor are subject to
approve by
(a) Parliament (b) State Legislature
(c) President (d) None of the above
17. Who discharges the duties of the office of a Governor it falls
vacant due to death or resignation of the Governor?
(a) The Chief Justice of India
(b) The President immediately appoints an acting Governor
(c) The Senior most judge of the Supreme Court
(d) The chief Justice of the High court
18. The oath of office is administered to the Governor by the
(a) Chief Justice of India (b) President
(c) Chief justice of High court
(d) Speaker of Legislative Assembly
19. Who was the first woman Governor or a State in free India
from out of following?
(a) Sarojini Naidu (b) Sucheta Kriplani
(c) Indira Gandhi (d) Vijaylaxmi Pandit
20. Which of the following are the discretionary powers given
to the Governor of a State? [UPSC 2014]
1. Sending a report to the President of India for imposing
the President’s rule
2. Appointing the ministers
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3. Reserving certain bills passed by State Legislature for
consideration the President of India.
4. Making the rules to conduct business of the State
Government
Select the correct answer using codes given below
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
21. Which of the following statements is correct? [UPSC 2013]
(a) In India, the same person cannot be appointed as
Governor for two or more states at the same time
(b) The Judges of the High Court of the States in India are
appointed by the Governor of the State just as the Judges of
the Supreme Court are appointed by the President
(c) No procedure has been laid down in the Constitution of
India for the removal of a Governor from his/her post
(d) In the case of the Union Territory having a legislative
setup, the Chief Minister is appointed by the Lt Governor on
the basis of majority support
The Chief Minister of an UT is appointed by the president.
22. Article-156, of the Constitution of India provides that a
Governor shall hold office for a term of five years from the
date on which he enters upon his office.
Which of the following can be deduced from this?
1. No Governor can be removed from office till the
completion of his term.
2. No Governor can continue in office beyond a period of
five years.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below.
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c) Only 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
23 Consider the following statements
1. The Legislative Council of a state in India can be larger in
size than half of the Legislative Assembly of that particular
state.
2. The Governor of a state nominates the Chairman of
Legislative Council of that particular state.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor2
24. The provision that Governor shall address the Legislative
Assembly of the State is in which Article of the Constitution
of India? [CGPCS 2013]
(a) 172 (b) 176 (c) 182 (d) 183
25. Which of the following authorities makes recommendation
to the Governor of a State as to the principles for
determining the taxes and duties which may be appropriate
by the Panchayats in that particular State? [UPSC 2010]
(a) District Planning Commission
(b) State Finance Commission
(c) Finance Ministry of that State
(d) Panchayats Raj Ministry of that State
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Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
LEVEL - 2
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
1. Consider the following statements:
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
The Governor of a state has the power to commission
7. There is a constitutional requirement to have a Minister in-
1. Judges of the High court charge of Tribal Welfare for the States of:
2. Members of the State Public Service Commission (a) Assam, Nagaland and Manipur
3. Members of the State Finance Commission (b) Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan
4. The Accountant General (c) Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand
Which of these Statements are correct? (d) Manipur, Tripura and Meghalaya
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 8. Match List I with list II and select the correct answer by
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 using the codes given below the lists.
2. On receipt of the report from the Governor of a State that List I List II
the Government of the State cannot be carried on in A.Governor 1. Article – 167
accordance with the provision of the Constitution, the
B.Council of Ministers 2. Article – 169
President of India under Article 356.
C.Duties of Chief Minister 3. Article – 153
(a) Has to Proclaim President’s Rule in the State
D.Legislative council 4. Article – 163
(b) Has to dismiss the State Government and dissolve the
Legislative Assembly Codes

(c) Has to dismiss the Government but keep that Legislative ABCD A BC D
Assembly in a state of suspended animation (a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 432 1
(d) May refuse to impose President’s Rule in the state (c) 3 2 4 1 (d) 341 2
3. Consider the following statements: 9. Match List I with list II and select the correct answer by
Under Article 200 of the Constitution of India, the Governor using the codes given below the lists.
may: List I List II
1. Withhold his assent to a Bill passed by the State A.Article – 156 1. Executive Authorityof Governor
Legislature. B.Article – 154 2. Tenure of Governor
2. Reserve the Bill passed by the State Legislature for the C.Article – 153 3. Appointment of Governor
consideration of the President.
D.Article – 155 4. Office of Governor
3. Return a Bill, other than a Money Bill, for reconsideration
Codes
of the legislature.
ABCD A BC D
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 214 3
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 2 4 1 (d) 341 2
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
10. Which of the following are the duties the Chief Minister in
4. Who of the following is not appointed by the Governor?
relation to the Governor?
(a) State Council of Minister
1. He communicates to him all the decisions of the Council
(b) State Advocate General of Ministers
(c) Sate Director General of police 2. He supplies him information on such matters relating to
(d) Members of State Public Service commission the administration of the states as the Governor may cell
5. Which one of the following constitutional Amendments for.
made it possible to appoint one person to hold the office of 3. He assists the Governor in making appointments in the
the Governor in two or more states simultaneously? State Government.
(a) constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956 Choose the right answer from the options given below.
(b) Constitution (Forty – second Amendment) Act, 1976 (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1,2 and 3
(c) Constitution (Forty – third Amendment) Act, 1977 (c) 1 and 3 (d) Only 1
(d) Constitution (Forty –fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 11. Which one of the following Statement about the State
6. In which of the following bodies, does the Chief Minister of Governors is not true?
a state hold membership (a) He is a part of the State Legislature
1. National Integration Council (b) He can pardon a sentence of death
2. National Development council (c) He does not appoint judges of the State High Court
3. Inter-state Council 4. Zonal Council (d) He has no emergency powers

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12. The Constitution of India does not contain any provision for (a) Chief Justice of High Court (b) Governor
the removal of (c) Chief Minister
(a) The president (d) Speaker of State Assembly
(b) The Vice – President of India 18. with regarding function of chief Minister Consider the
(c) The Chief Justice of India following Statement
(d) The Governor of a State 1. He is the chairman of the Planning Board
13. Which of the following legislative powers are enjoyed by 2. He is member of Interstate Council.
the Governor? 3. He is consulted in the appointment of state advocate
1. He summons or prorogues either House of State General and member of SPSC.
Legislature. Find the incorrect statement
2. He addresses either or both the houses at the (a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 3
commencement of the new session after each General
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1,2 and 3
Election.
19. The appointment of a governor in a state is made as per the
3. He dissolves both the Houses in case of difference over the
provision of in the Constitution under Article. [UPPCS 2014]
enactment of law.
(a) 153 (b) 154
4. He sends messages to the state legislature on Bill pending
(c) 155 (d) 156
before it.
20. Which one among the following is not a recommendation of
Codes
the Sarkaria commission on the appointment of the
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1,2 and 3 Governor in a State? [CDS 2012]
(3) 1 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4 (a) She/he must not have participated in active politics at
14. which of the following is financial power enjoyed by the least for some time before his/her appointment as
Governor? Governor
1. All the demands for grants are presented before the State (b) The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court may be
Legislature on the recommendation of the Governor. consulted by the President in selecting a Governor
2. He is in charge of the Contingency fund of the State and (c) The Governor’s term of office of five years should not be
can make advances out of it to meet unforeseen disturbed except very rarely
expenditure. (d) The Governor should not be the native of the State
3. The Supplementary grants, it any, are presented before 21. Which of the following are the executive functions of the
the state legislature on the recommendation of the Council or Ministers of a State?
Governor. 1. It brings about necessary cohesion in the policy of
He can order the reduction of salaries and allowances of the various ministers.
State Civil Servants during the President’s rule in the State. 2. It assists the President in the administration of the State
during the President’s Rule in the State.
Codes
3. It runs the administration of the State in accordance with
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
the provisions of the Constitution.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1,2,3 and 4
4. It formulates the policy of the State Government and
15. Point out the powers enjoyed by the president of India but gives it practical shape.
not available to the Governor.
Codes
1. Diplomatic powers (a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
2. Pardoning death sentence (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) All of these
3. Veto power over State Legislature 22. The Chief Minister of a State in India is not eligible to vote
4. Military powers in the Presidential Election if
Codes (a) he himself is a candidate
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 (b) he is yet to prove his majority on the floor of the Lower
House of the State Legislature
(c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 1,2 and 4
(c) He is a Member of the Upper House of the State
16. The Chief Minister is appointed by
Legislature
(a) The Governor
(d) He is a caretaker Chief Minister
(b) The President
23. Which of the following Constitution Amendment Acts seeks
(c) The Chief Justice of Supreme Court that the size of the councils of Ministers at the center and in
(d) The Chief Justice of High Court a State must not exceed 15% Lok Sabha and the total
number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that
17. Who among the following administer the oath of office and
State respectively? [UPSC 2007]
secrecy to Council to minister?

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(a) 91st (b) 93rd
(c) 95th (d) 97th
24. Which of the following holds by the Article 164(1) of the
Indian Constitution?
(a) The Governor of a State can appoint, post, promote
district judges in consultation with state High Court.
(b) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor
(c) The salary and allowances of the Chief Minister are
determined by the State Legislature from time to time.
(d) None of these
25. Consider the following statements
1. The Chief Minister furnishes to the Governor such
information relating to the administration of the state of
affairs and proposals of legislation as he may call for
(Article 167) 2. Chief Minister acts as the sole
channel of Communication between his ministers and
Governor.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of them

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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (d) The president has Right to Remove or appoint judge of
high court therefore Governor is bound to reserve the bill
for the Consideration of the president.
2. (d) The Governor is the nominal Executive Authority (de
Jure ex- executive) and the chief minister is the real (de
facto executive) Article 153 to 167 in part VI deals with the
State executive
3. (c) Ordinance is a temporary legislation Promulgated when
the state legislature is not in session. It should be approved
within 6 weeks of Reassembly (Article -213)
4. (d) Under Article – 163: there shall be a council of
ministers with chief minister as its head to aid & advice the
Governor.
5. (b) Article -213:
Governor can make ordnances during the recess of the
legislature.
6. (a) Governor appoints the chief minister & its Council of
minister. There should be a tribal minister in the states of
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya- Pradesh & Odisha
appointed by him. Bihar Excluded from this provision by
94th Amendment Act 2006.
7. (c) The Governor of a state is appointed & removed by the
president after the Advice of the union cabinet.
8. (b) Article 164: Appointment of chief minister by the
Governor, when there is no majority than Governor
Exercise his discretion. Usually appoints the leader of
largest party or coalition.
9. (a) Chief – minister is the Principal Channel of
communication between the governor and the council of
ministers (Article – 167)
10. (a) Parliamentary secretaries are appointed by Chief
Minister of State. He often holds Rank of minister of State.
11. (d) The salaries and allowances of ministers are
determined by the state legislature from time to times it is
paid from consolidated fund of the state.
12. (c) Governor, chief minister & Ministers in the state could
be prosecuted after approval because they enjoy certain
immunities under the provisions of constitution. (Article
194)
13. (d) Article – 164: Chief Minister & its council of ministers
are collectively responsible to the legislative Assembly of
the state and minister is individually responsible to
Governor. & there is no legal responsibility.
14. (c) Article 213: Power of Governor to promulgate
ordinance. Ordinance is a temporary legislative order
which have same force as the law made by state legislature.
15. (c) Salary of the Governor is charged on consolidated fund
of state.
Salary of president is charged on consolidated fund of
India.
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16. (b) Ordinance is a temporary legislation Promulgated by
Governor when legislature is not in session. But have to
Approved By state legislature within Six weeks from its
reassembly.
17. (d) Article 158: Condition of Governor’s office, the chief
Justice of High court administered the oath of office of
Governor & also discharges the duties of the office of a
Governor if it falls vacant due to the death or resignation of
the Governor.
18. (d) Article 158: Condition of Governor’s office, the chief
Justice of High court administered the oath of office of
Governor & also discharges the duties of the office of a
Governor if it falls vacant due to the death of resignation of
the Governor.
19. (a) Sarojani Naidu was the first woman Governor of a state
in Independent India, titled as “Nightingale of India.”
• Indian Gandhi: - first women prime minister.
• Sucheta Kriplani: - India’s First women chief minister
(U.P)
• Vijyalaxmi Pandit: - First female president of the United
Nations General Assembly.
20. (b) Discretionary powers of governor
When no party gets a clear majority, the governor can use
his discretion in the selection of chief ministerial candidate
to prove the majority as soon as possible. He can impose
president's rule. He submits reports on his own to the
president or on the direction of the president regarding the
affairs of the state. He can withhold his assent to a bill and
send it to the president for his approval.
While appointing the ministers and making rules for
conduct of govt. is legislative powers.
21, (c) In India a person can be a governor of more than one
state at a time. The judges of the high Court and the
Supreme Court are appointed by the president with the CJI
and the governor of concerned state. Generally the term of
office of the governor is 5 years, but he can be removed by
president any time. There is no procedure of impeachment
for the governor like president.
22. (d) Article- 156: Term of office of Governor
The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the
President. Generally, the term of office of the governor is 5
years, but he can be removed by president. There is no
procedure of impeachment for the governor like president
Provided that a Governor shall, notwithstanding the
expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his
successor enters upon his office
23. (d) There are 6 states which have the double legislative
assembly in India.
The maximum strength of the legislative council is the one
third of the legislative assembly and minimum is 40.
The chairman of the legislative council is elected among its
members.
24. (b) Article-172: Duration of State Legislatures is 5 years.
Article-176: Special address by the Governor, after the
general election and the starting of the first session.
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Article-182: The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the
Legislative Council.
Article-183: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from,
the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
25. (b) The Finance Commission was established by the
President of India in 1951 under Article 280 of the Indian
Constitution. The present head of it is N k Singh. It divides
the revenue between the states and the center while State
finance commission divides the revenue between the local
bodies and the state Govt.
LEVEL - 2
1. (b) He appoints judges of district court, & members of state
public service commission, state finance commission.
The Judges of High Court are appointed by president.
2. (a) Article 356:
President can proclaim its Rule In state if Governor submits
airport that state Govt. is not functioning in Accordance
with the constitution.
3. (d) Article – 200: Assent to the Bills, the bill sent to the
Governor after it is passed by state legislature, He can
(a) Give his Assent to the Bill
(b) Withhold his Assent to the Bill
(c) Return the Bill (it it is not money Bill)
(d) Reserve the Bill for President’s Consideration
4. (c) Governor appoints the state council of minister’s state
Advocate General & members the state public service
commission and the director general of police of the state
shall be selected by the state Govt. from amongst the 3
senior most officers of the department.
5. (a) In Article 153 it is inserted by 7th constitutional
Amendment, 1956 that a person can be appointed as the
Governor of two or more states. The 42nd constitutional
Amendment act, 1976 is also known as "mine constitution."
6. (c) National Integration council: it’s a Govt. Advisory body
to address the problems of communalism, casteism and
regionalism, in 1961. Chairman – Prime minister
National Development Council:
Apex body headed by prime minister for decision, clearing
deliberation on development in India termed 6 Aug. 1952.
Inter State council formed on 28 my, 1990 after
recommendation of sarkaria commission chaired by prime
minister.
Zonal council is Advisory council grouped in to five Zones
to foster co-operation among them.
Chief – minister is member of all of them.
7. (c) Tribal welfare minister are appointed in Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Madhya – Pradesh and Odisha By 94th
Amendment Act – 2006, Bihar excluded from this
obligation.
8. (d) Article 153: Governor, He is the chief Executive head
like President, & Agent of center.
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Article 163: Council of ministers: Constitution Does not
specify the size of it. & No. of minister are determined by
chief minister.
Article – 167: Duties of chief minister
Article – 169: legislative council.
9. (c) Article – 153: office of Governor
Article – 154: Executive power of state. He is executive
head of Govt. & Appoints chief minister
Article – 155: Appointment of Governor. appointed by
president by warren under his hand & seal.
Article 156: Term of Governors office is 5 years, by the
pleasure of president.
10. (a) Article 167: Duties of Chief Minister as respects the
furnishing of Information to Governs etc. He is principal
Channel between the Governor and council of ministers.
11. (b) Pardoning powers of Governors
President Governor
He can pardon, deprive respite He can’t pardon a
remit, suspend or commute death sentence
punishment or sentence of any
person against a central law.
He have pardoning power in He does not possess
respect to court – martial any such power.
(military court)
12. (d) Article 156: Term of Governor’s office is five years, this
term is subjected to the pleasure of president there is no
provision laid down in constitution for removal of
Governor can be transferred by president.
13. (a) Legislative power of Governor:
• Article: - 174 He can summons at prorogue earthen House
of state legislature.
• Article: - 176 He addresses either of both the houses at the
commencement of the new session after each general
election.
1th
• He nominates members of the state legislative council
6
from the literature, science, Art, cooperative movement &
social services. One member nominated by him legislative
Assembly from the Anglo-Indian community (Article -333)
14. (c) Annual financial statement (State budget) is introduced
with his prier recommendation money bill & Demand for
Grants are made with his prior Recommendation finance
commission is constituted by him after every five year.
15. (d) Diplomatic powers, pardoning death sentence, military
power etc are Exclusive powers to president But Not to
Governor.
16. (a) Article – 164: Chief Minister is appointed by the
Governor, who will be the leader of majority in state
legislative Assembly
The chief Justice of supreme court (Article –124) And Chief
Justice of High court (Article – 217) are appointed by
president.
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The president is elected in proportional representation As per the article 233 the governor appoints the district
with single transferrable vote (Article – 54) by Electorate judges.
College. 25. (c) As per the article 167, it is the duty of the chief minister
17. (b) The Governor administers the oaths of office and to provide the information to the governor related to the
secrecy to the council ministers and chief minister. Administration, council of ministers, and legislature.
Speaker of state Assembly elected within the Assembly. So the chief minister the channel of communication
18. (b) Chief Minister is the chairman of state planning Board, between the Governor and the ministers.
and vice – chairman of zonal council rotation. He is member
of Interstate Council & the National Development council,
both headed by prime minister.
19. (c) 153 Governors of States
154 Executive power of State,
155 Appointment of Governor.
156 Term of office of Governor
20. (b) Sarkaria Commission was set up in 1983 by the central
government of India. Its task was to examine the central-
state relationship on various portfolios and suggest
changes within the framework of Constitution of India.
The final report contained 247 specific recommendations.
Its recommendation about the governors appointment is
that president should consult with the chief minister of the
concerned state.
21. (a) The governor has many different types of powers:
Executive powers related to administration, appointments
and removals,
Legislative powers related to lawmaking and the state
legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad,
Discretionary powers to be carried out according to the
discretion of the governor
The administration of the state as per constitution is the
executive power of the governor.
22. (c) The presidential Electoral College is made up of the
following:
elected members of the Rajya Sabha
elected members of the Lok Sabha
elected members of each state, and
elected members of each union territory possessing a
Legislative assembly (i.e., Delhi and Puducherry) Note:
the members of the upper house of the state legislative
assembly are not the part of the college.
23. (a) By the 91st constitutional amendment act the
parliament fix the number of ministers in the center as well
as state, the strength of ministers can not exceed 15% of
the total members at center and state. The 93rd
Constitutional Amendment makes special provisions for
"advancement of any socially and educationally backward
classes of citizens.” 95th constitutional amendment extend
the period of reservation for the SC and the ST in the Lok
Sabha and state legislature.
24. (b) As per the article 164(1) the Cm of a state is appointed
by the governor and CM recommend the governor to
appoint the Council of ministers.
164(5) it deals with the salary and allowances of the CM.

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY

Chapter –12
State Legislature
• The state legislature
Article 168 to 212 in part VI of the constitution deals with the
origination, composition, duration, Procedures, privileges,
powers, etc. of the state legislature.
Part of State legislature
legislative assembly legislative council Governor
• Composition of the legislative Council: -
The Position of council in a state similar to that of Rajyasabha at
the union level.
The maximum strength of the council is fixed at one – third of
the total strength of the assembly and the minimum strength is
fixed at 40
The members of a legislative council are elected in accordance
with the system of proportional representation by means of the
single transferable vote.
The constitution provides a legislature for every state. But
whether the legislature shall be unicameral (having one house
only) or bicameral (having two Houses) is left for each state to
decide for itself. The constitution provides bicameral legislature
for six States only: -
(i) Uttar Pradesh (ii) Bihar
(iii) Maharashtra, (iv) Karnataka
(v) Andhra Pradesh (vi) Telangana (vii ) J & K
Legislative assembly: -
Legislative assembly (Vidhansabha) is the lower House of the
state as in the case of Parliament i.e. Lok Sabha.
It represents the will of the people of the state
Members of this House are directly elected by the people
Legislative assembly of each state shall consist of not more than
five Hundred and not less than sixty
The constitution says that the Governor may appoint one
member from the Anglo – Indian community, if it is not
adequately represented in the House.
However, in case of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Goa, the minimum
number is fixed at 30 and in case of Nagaland it is 46.
Qualification for the Houses: -
According to Article – 173: -
(i) He/She is the citizen of India.
(ii) in the case of a seat in the legislative assembly, not less than 25
years of age. and legislative council, not less than 30 years of age.
Duration of legislative assembly: -
Five years from the date of appointed for its first meeting and so
longer.
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If a proclamation of emergency is in operation the term of the
assembly Can be extended by parliament by law for a period not
exceeding six month at a time and not extending in any case by a
period of 3 year after the proclamation has ceased to operate.
Duration of Council: -
like Rajyasabha, the legislative council is a continuing chamber,
I.e. it is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution.
But one third of its member retire on every 2 years.
Oath or Affirmation of the Houses: -
Every member of either House of state legislature, before taking
his seat in the House has to make and subscribe a oath or
Affirmation before the Governor.
Presiding officers of the legislature.
(1) Speaker of assembly=He is similar to those of the speaker of
lokSabha.
(2) Deputy Speaker of assembly: - like speaker, the Deputy
speaker is also similar to lokSabha.
3.Chairman and Deputy chairman of Council
The chairman is elected by the council itself from amongst its
members like deputy chairman of Rajyasabha.
• Comparison of legislative assembly and council
In the passage of an ordinary bill both Houses enjoy equal status
but in case of disagreement will have the legislative assembly
prevails over that of the council and there is no provisions of
joint sitting.
A money bill can be introduced only in Assembly not in Council
The Council has no Participation in the election of the president.
It also has no effective say in the ratification of the constitutional
Amendment Bill. the existence of the council depends on the will
of the assembly.
Article related the state legislature
Article -168: Constitution of legislatures in states.
Article -169: Abolition or creations of legislative council
Article -170: Composition of legislative assembly.
Article -171: Composition of legislative Council.
Article – 172: Durations of state legislature
Article -173: Qualification for membership of state legislature.
Article – 174: Sessions of the state legislature prorogation and
dissolution.
Article – 175:Right of Governor to address and send messages to
the House or Houses.
Article – 176: Special address by the Governor
Article – 177: Rights of ministers and advocate General as
respects the House.
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(b) By the President on the recommendation of the
LEVEL - 1 Governor of the State
1. The Legislative Assembly of a State can pass a resolution to (c) By the Governor on the recommendation of the Council
abolish or create a Legislative Council in the State by a: of Ministers
(a) Majority of not less than 2/3 of the members of the (d) By the Parliament as per resolution passed by the
Legislative Assembly present and voting Legislative Assembly on the State.
(b) Majority of not less than 1/3 of the member of the 10. Which one of the following is the period for the legislative
legislative Assembly present and voting Council to retain the ordinary Bills?
(c) Majority of the total membership of the Legislative (a) 14 days (b) 3 months
Assembly and by a majority of not less than 2/3 of the
(c) 4 months (d) 6 months
members present and voting
11. Procedure for creation of Legislative council in States has
(d) Simple majority of the members of the State Legislative
been described in which Article of the constitution?
Assembly
(a) Article 69 (b) Article 169
2. What is the maximum permissible strength of the
Legislative Assembly (VidhanSabha) of any State? (c) Article 269 (d) Article 369

(a) 400 members (b) 425 Members 12. The deputy speaker of the legislative assembly gives its
resignation to?
(c) 500 members (d) 545 members
(a) Governor (b) President
3. Money Bill can be introduced in the State Legislature with
the prior Consent of (c) Speaker (d) Chief justice of high
court
(a) The Speaker (b) The Governor
13. In which of the following cases the Chairman vacates his
(c) The president (d) The Chief Minister
office?
4. Who appoints the Government in Kashmir?
1. if he ceases to be a member of the council;
(a) The Chief Minister of Jammu Kashmir
2. if he resigns by writing to the deputy chairman; and
(b) The Chief Justice of High court Jammu and Kashmir
3. if he is removed by a resolution passed by a majority of
(c) The prime Minister of India all the then members of the council. Such a resolution can
(d) The president of India be moved only after giving 14 days advance notice.
5. Ordinance of Governor has to be passed by the Assembly Chose the correct option:
within (a) 1 and 2 (2) 1, 3
(a) 6 Weeks (b) 8 Weeks (c) 2 and3 (d) 1, 2, 3
(c) 10 Weeks (d) 12 weeks 14. Which of the following is/are not correct about the
6. The number of seats in the Legislative Council of Uttar ordinary bill?
Pradesh is 1. It passes in 3 readings
(a) 100 (b) 78 2. Such a bill can be introduced either by a minister or by
(c) 75 (d) 36 any other member
7. Who among the following recommended to the Parliament Chose the correct option
for the abolition of the Legislative council in a State? (a) only 1 (2) only 2
[CDS 2009] (c) both (d) neither 1 nor 2
(a) The president of India 15. Which of the following is/are the correct regards the
(b) The Governor of the concerned state governors assent?
(c) The Legislative council of the concerned state 1. he may give his assent to the bill;
(d) The Legislative Assembly of the concerned state 2. he may withhold his assent to the bill;
8. Which is the Upper chamber of state legislature in India? 3. he may return the bill for reconsideration of the House
(a) Legislative Council or Houses; and

(b) Legislative Assembly Chose the correct option:

(c) Governor’s office (a) 1 and 2 (2) 1, 3

(d) None of the above (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3

9. In any State of India, Legislative council can be created or 16. Which of the article is not correctly matched?
abolished (a) 170. Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
(a) By the parliament (b) 171. Composition of the Legislative Councils
(c) 172. Duration of State Legislatures

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(d) 174. Qualification for membership of the State
Legislature
LEVEL - 2
17. Which of the following constitutional amendment act 1. The Upper Chamber of the State legislature, besides other
restored the freedom of the press to publish true reports of members, consists of:
state legislature without its prior permission? (a) 1/12 elected by teachers’ electorate; 1/3 elected by
(a) 44th Amendment Act of 1978 municipalities; 1/12 elected by registered graduates,1/3
by MLA.
(b) 42nd amendment act of 1976
(b) 1/12 elected by registered graduates; 1/12 elected by
(c) Both 42nd and 44rt
women; 1/3 elected by trade union and co-operative
(d) none of these institutions
18. How many seats are there in the Pak occupied Kashmir? (c) 1/12 elected by women; 1/12 elected by municipalities
(a) 111 (b) 24 and other local bodies; 1/3 elected by teachers’ electorate
(c) 100 (d) none of the above (d) 1/3 directly elected by the people; 1/12 elected by
19. How many national parties are there in India? registered graduates; 1/12 elected by cooperative banks,
women’s organizations and other co-operative bodies.
(a) 5 (b) 6
2. Which one of the following states does not have
(c) 8 (d) 10
VidhanParishad?
20. How many seats are there in Rajasthan legislative
(a) Bihar (b) Maharashtra
assembly?
(c) Rajashtan (d) Uttar Pradesh
(a) 200 (b) 240
3. To be appointed Governor, a person must possess the
(c) 250 (500)
following qualifications
21. Which of the following is correctly marched, regarding the
1.Be a citizen of India.
number of legislative assembly seats?
2.Completed the age of 30 years.
(a) Andhra Pradesh-175
3.Not be a member of parliament of state legislature.
(b) Rajasthan- 200
Codes
(c) Kerala-140
(a) 1 and 2 (2) 1,2 and 3
(d) All of the above
(c) Only 1 (d) 1 and 3
22. The Jammu and Kashmir is bifurcated in how many union
territories? 4. Consider the given statements and choose the correct
response on them.
(a) 2 (b) 4
1.A person can be appointed as Governor of more than one
(c) 5 (d none of the above
state.
23. Which is the most powerful first chamber in the world?
2.A Governor’s salary is charged on the consolidated Fund
(a) Senate (b) congress to India.
(c) Parliament (d) House of commons 3.Governor’s salary is shared by the concerned States.
24. At present which number of lok sabha is functioning? 4.Governor’s Salary is paid by the State named by the
(a) 16 (b) 17 President.
(c) 20 (d) 19 Codes
25. When the Jammu and Kashmir became the union territory (a) 1 and 2 are correct
from the state legislative assembly? (b) 1 and 4 are correct
(a) 1950 (b) 2019 (c) 1 and 3 are correct
(c) 2018 (d) None of the above (d) 1 is wrong each state must have one Governor
5. Consider the following statements.
1. Sarkaria Commission recommended that Governor of a
State should be a non – political person appointed after
consultation with the Chief Minister of the State.
2.This could be achieved through amending Article – 165 of
the constitution of India.
Which of the following Statements is/are correct ?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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6. While nominating a member in state legislative council 12. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Governor considers person having special knowledge or 1. The Governor is the ex-officio Chairman of the
practical experience in respect of Legislative Council.
1. Literature 2. Sports 2. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly also acts as the
3. Science 4. Art Chairman of the Legislative Council.
5. Co-operative movement 3. The Council elects its own Chairman from amongst its
6. Social service members.

Choose correct option Codes

(a) All of these (b) 1,2,3,6 (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3

(c) 1, 3,4,5,6 (d) 1, 2,3,4,6 (c) Only 3 (d) None of these

7. Which one of the following states possesses a bicameral 13. Bicameral legislature have been provided in some State
Legislature? under the Constitution. In case of a deadlock between the
two houses in such States
1. Punjab 2. Bihar
(a) joint sitting is called by the Governor and the decision
3. Karnataka 4. Maharashtra
by the majority is taken as final decision
Choose the right answer from the options given below
(b) decision of the Governor is final
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 2,3 and 4
(c) the opinion of the Legislative Assembly is taken as after
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1,2 and 3 a lapse of specified period
8. The total strength of the Legislative Council is (d) the matter is referred to the President for decision
(a) One – third of the total membership of legislative 14. Which one of the following States does not have bicameral
Assembly but it should not be less than 40 legislature (i.e., Vidhan Prishad + Vidhan Sabha) ?
(b) Equal to the strength of the state Legislative Assembly (a) UP (b) MP
(c) Half the strength of the total membership of the state (c) Bihar (d) Karnataka
legislative Assembly
15. Consider the following statements
(d) One – third of the total membership of the Legislative
1. If the Legislative Assembly of a State in India is dissolved
Assembly but it should not be less than 100
in mid-term, the Speaker continues in office till the process
9. Which of the following is/are correct the legislative council of formation of next Legislative Assembly.
of a state
2. When the Speaker of a Legislative Assembly resigns he
1. Is not subject to dissolution. addresses his letter to the Deputy-speaker of the Assembly.
2. Can be abolished by the state Legislative Assembly. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
3. Can be abolished by the president on the Governor’s (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
recommendation.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
Codes
16. With reference of States in India, consider the following
(a) Only 1 (b) 1,2 and 3 statement
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 and 3 1. Six months shall not intervene between the last sitting of
10. The member of the legislative council are appointed the State Legislature and the first sitting of next session.
through 2. After every general election to the State Assembly, the
1. Direct elections 2. Indirect election. Governor has to address the State Assembly on the very
3. Nomination. first sitting and so also the first session every year.

Codes Which of these statements are correct? [CDS 2004]

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2

(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor2
17. Consider the following statements

11. A Money bill can originated in the State Legislature only 1. In case of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Goa, the
with the prior consent of the minimum number of persons to Legislative Assembly is
fixed at 30.
1. Chief Minister 2. President
2. Some members of the Legislative Assemblies in Sikkim
3. Governor 4. None of these
and Nagaland are also elected indirectly.
Choose the right answer from the codes
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Only 3 (d) 1 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of them

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18. In case of Nagaland, the number of persons to the 3. if he is removed by a resolution passed by a majority of
Legislative, Assembly is fixed at all the then members of the assembly. Such a resolution
(a) 40 (b) 46 can be moved only after giving 14 days advance notice

(c) 36 (d) 38 Chose the correct option:

19. What is correct about state legislative council? [CGPSC (a) 1 and 2 (2) 1, 3
2014] (c) 2 and3 (d) 1, 2, 3
1. Its tenure is 6 years.
2. It is a permanent house.
3. It cannot be dissolved.
4. One sixth members are elected by state Legislative
Assembly.
5. One sixth members are elected by local institutions.
6. On each two years, one third members are retired.
7. Deputy Governor is the chairman of house.
8. The tenure of its members is 6 years.
Codes
(a) 1 3 4 5 (b) 3 5 7 8
(c) 2 3 5 8 (d) 2 4 6 7
(e) 1 3 4 7
20. Which part of the Indian constitution deals with the state
legislature?
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 7
21. How many union territories have their own elected
legislatures and govt.?
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 3 (d) 8
22. How many delimitation commission had constituted till
now?
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
23. Which of the following is/are not the criteria of the
disqualification of the legislative assembly members?
(a) if he holds any office of profit under the Union or state
government
(b) if he is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a
court,
(c) if he is an insolvent,
(d) None of these
24. In which of the following cases, a member of the state
legislature vacates his seat?
(a) Double Membership
(b) Disqualification
(c) Resignation
(d) All of the above
25. Which of the following cases speaker of the legislative
assembly vacates his office earlier?
1. if he ceases to be a member of the assembly;
2. if he resigns by writing to the deputy speaker; and

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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (c) Article 169: Creation & Abolition of state councils in
States, it can be done by passing a resolution by special
majority (majority of total members of state legislative
2 amongst its members. In following cases he can vacate his
Assembly and by a majority of not less than of the
3 seat,
members present & voting.)
2. (c) State legislature is deals with part VI in Article 168 to
212 of India constitution. It’s maximum strength is fixed
500 & minimum at 60 With some exceptions. In Arunachal
Pradesh, Sikkim & Goa minimum number are fixed at 30
&in case of Mizoram & Nagaland 40 & 46 respectively.
3. (b) Money Bill contains Earning & expenditure of Govt.
Presented under Article – 110. It is introduced with the
prior approval of president and Governor In lokSabha&
State legislature respectively.
4. (d) Jammu & Kashmir has special states under Article –
370. Governor of J & K is appointed by president.
5. (a) Ordinance of Governor Should be passed by Assembly
within 6 weeks.
6. (a) 100 (90 elected + 10 nominated) members In legislated
council of U.P and 404 (403 elected + 1 Anglo Indian)
nominated members in legislative Assembly.
7. (d) Article: 169
The establishment and abolition of the legislative councils
can be amended by special majority of the state legislative
assembly & simple majority of the parliament.
2
Special majority: Majority of total member + majority of
3
rd member of assembly present & voting.
simple majority: more than 50% members consent.
8. (a) The legislative council is also known As
vidhanparishad/ upper house/ second chamber of house of
elders.
The legislative Assembly is also known as vidhanSabha/
lower House/ first chamber /popular House.
9. (c) Article 169: Creation & Abolition of state councils in
States, it can be done by passing a resolution by special
majority (majority of total members of state legislative
2
Assembly and by a majority of not less than of the
3
members present & voting.)
10. (b) Ordinary bills can be introduced in either house of state
legislature. Legislative council can retain the bill for
maximum 3 months.
11. (b) Article – 69: oath & Affirmation of vice – president.
Article – 169: Abolition & creation of legislative councils in
states.
Article 269: Taxes levied & collected by the union but
assigned to the states.
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Article – 369: Temporary power of parliament to make
laws on subject of state list if they were matters in
concurrent list.
12. (c) The speaker and the deputy speaker is give there
resignation to each other in the loksabha and state
legislative assembly.
13. (d) The Chairman is elected by the council itself from
14. (c) An ordinary bill can originate in either House of the
state legislature (in case of a bicameral legislature) . Such a
bill can be introduced either by a minister or by any other
member. The bill passes through three stages in the
originating House, viz,
First reading, 2. Second reading and 3. Third reading. After
passing of it, it send to the governor for the consent.
15. (d) As per the article 200, every bill, after it is passed by
the assembly or by both the Houses in case of a bicameral
legislature, is presented to the governor for his assent.
There are four alternatives before the governor: 1. he may
give his assent to the bill; 2. he may withhold his assent to
the bill; 3. he may return the bill for reconsideration of the
House or Houses; and 4. he may reserve the bill for the
consideration of the President.
If the governor gives his assent to the bill, the bill becomes
an Act and is placed on the Statute Book.
16.(d) Artical-173: Qualification for membership of the State
Legislature
Artical-174: Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation
and dissolution
17. (a) The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 restored the freedom
of the press to publish true reports of state legislature
without its prior permission. But, this is not applicable in
the case of a secret sitting of the House. 42nd amendment
was the only amendment that attempted to change the
Basic structure of Constitution. It attempted to reduce the
power of the Supreme Court and High Courts to pronounce
upon the constitutional validity of laws. It laid down the
Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation
18. (b) Under the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir, the total
number of seats fixed for the Legislative Assembly was
111. But, 24 seats fall in the Pakistan-occupied-Kashmir
(PoK) . These seats are vacant and are not to be taken into
account for reckoning the total membership of the
Assembly. Originally, the strength of J & K Assembly was
100 and this was increased to 111 in 1987. But now J and k
is bifurcated into two union territories.
19. (c) As per latest publication from Election Commission of
India, the total number of parties registered was 1841,
with 8 national parties, 52 state parties and 1785
unrecognized parties. National parties are All India
Trinamool Congress ( AITC or TMC) , Bahujan Samaj Party
(BSP) , bhartiya janta party(BJP) , Communist Party of
India (CPI) , The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (
CPI(M) , Indian National Congress(INC) , Nationalist
Congress Party (NCP) , National People's Party(NPP) .
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20. (a) There are currently 200 members of the legislative
assembly of the Rajasthan, with the Bharatiya Janata Party LEVEL - 2
forming the 73 seats, followed by the Indian National 1
Congress with 112. And Rajasthan has 10 seats for rajya 1. (a) Maximum can be of state legislatures’ & minimum
3
sabha an 25 seats for lok sabha. Mr. Ashok gahlot is the
40 upper chamber of state legislature, consist of,
current chief minister of Rajasthan, and kal raj mishr is the
governor. 1
(a) Elected from local bodies.
3
21. (d) The maximum number of members in the state
legislative assembly is 500 to 60. Andhra Pradesh-175, 1
(b) Elected from registered Graduates
Rajasthan- 200, Kerala-140, and the highest members are 12
in the UP is 403, and minimum in puducherry are 30.
1
22. (a) In August 2019, a Reorganisation Act was passed by (c) Elected from teachers electorate
12
the Indian Parliament. The act will reorganise the current
state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; 1
(d) Directly from the people.
Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh on October 31 2019.The 3
J and K has its own legislative assembly. 2. (c) VidhanParishad (upper House, second chamber) in only
23. (a) The Senate is the upper house of the US Congress. 6 states as following:
Unlike other upper chambers of the world, the Senate is Andrapradesh, Telangana, Uttar pradesh, Bihar,
more powerful than the lower house of the American Maharashtra Karnataka.
Congress. In fact, it is regarded as the most powerful 3. (d) Article 157: Qualification for the appointment of
second chamber in the world. Governor, He should be A citizen of India’s completed the
24. (b) The 2019 Indian general election was held in seven age of 35 years.
phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to constitute the Article 158: Condition of governor’s office:
17th Lok Sabha. Result was declared on 23 May. The
• Not be a Member of Parliament & state legislature & not
narendra modi lead bjp won 303 seats. Narendra Modi is
hold any office of profit.
PM of it. The elections of 16th lok sabha were conducted in
9 phases from 7 April 2014 to 12 May 2014 by the Election 4. (c) Article – 158 Condition of Governor’s office: A person
Commission of India. can be appointed as Governor of more than one state and
his salary is charged on consolidated fund of state.
25. (b) After the Government of India repealed the special
status accorded to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 5. (a) Sarkaria& M. Punchi Commission Both Recommended
of the Indian constitution, the Parliament of India passed that Governor of a state should be a non-political person &
the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, which Appointed After consult with C M.
seeks to dissolve the state and reorganise it into two union 6. (c) Article – 171 Composition of legislative councils:
territories –Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. The act Governor nominate persons having special knowledge or
will come into effect from 31 October 2019. Jammu and practical experience in respect of literature, science, Art,
Kashmir is the only state in India with a Muslim-majority cooperative - movement and social service.
population.
7. (b) Andhapradesh, Telangana, U.P., Bihar, Maharashtra,
Karnataka. these 6 states have bicameral system rest 21
states have unicameral system. The legislative council
(Vidhan Parishad) & legislative Assembly (vidhansabha)
are known as upper & lower house respectively.
8. (a) Article – 171: member of legislative council are
1
indirectly elected maximum strength is fixed as of total
3
member of legislative assembly but should not be less than
40. Strength is fixed by parliament.
9. (c) Article 172: Duration of House, legislative Assembly
automatically dissolved after 5 years term, while council is
1
a permanent body & don’t dissolve rd member retire on
3
every 2 year, & legislative council can be abolished by the
nd

state legislative Assembly by Passing a special majority

resolution.
10. (c) Manner of election of the legislative council:
1
• rd are elected from local bodies. Like municipalities.
3

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1 third members are retired on every two years, the
• are elected by teachers of 3 years standing. Not lower
12
in standard that secondary school.
1 Part IVA – Fundamental Duties
• are elected by member of legislative Assembly from
12
who are not member of Assembly.
• The Remainder are nominated by Governor
11. (c) Money bill contain the expenditure and income of the
govt. it is issued in the lower house of the parliament and
state legislature with the prior approval of president and
the governor respectively. Rajya sabha do not have any
powr on it.
12. (c) The governor is appointed by the president as the agent
of the center so he is not the Ex officio chairman of the
legislative council. The council elects its own chairman
among its members.
13. (c) There are 6 states which have bicameral legislature in
India, if any dispute arises between both the houses then
the opinion of the legislative assembly is taken as final after
the lapse of the specified period. The provision of the joint
seating is for the lok sabha and the rajya sabha and it is
presided by the speaker of the lok sabha.
14. (b) There are only 6 states which have bicameralism,
which are as follows
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Telangana, Uttar Pradesh.
The chairman of the upper house is elected among its
members.
15. (c) The term of office of speaker is end at the
commencement of the new legislative assembly.
The speaker and the deputy speaker give their resignation
to each others.
State legislature deals with the articles of 168 to 212 of
part 6.
16. (c) There should be no gap more than 6 month between
the two sessions of the state legislature in the consecutive
sessions. As per article 175, governor can address the state
assembly on very first sitting and last sitting of the session.
17. (c) Legislative assemblies maximum strength is fixed at
500 and minimum strength at 60. It
In case of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Goa, the
minimum number is fixed at 30 and in case of Mizoram and
Nagaland; it is 40 and 46 respectively. Further, some
members of the legislative assemblies in Sikkim and
Nagaland are also elected indirectly.
18. (b) Legislative assemblies maximum strength is fixed at
500 and minimum strength at 60. It
In case of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Goa, the
minimum number is fixed at 30 and in case of Mizoram and
Nagaland; it is 40 and 46 respectively. Further, some
members of the legislative assemblies in Sikkim and
Nagaland are also elected indirectly.
19. (c) Like rajya sabha the legislative council is a permanent
body, it do not dissolve, its members term is 6 years, One
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chairman of the house is elected among its members. by me
20. (c) Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy
Part V – The union
Part VI – The states
Part VII– States in the B part of the first schedule
(repealed)
Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI of the Constitution deal with
the organization, composition, duration, officers,
procedures, privileges, powers and so on of the state
legislature,
21. (c) Union territories with their own elected legislatures
and governments:
Jammu and Kashmir (proposed from 31 October 2019)
Puducherry
National Capital Territory of Delhi
22. (c) Parliament has enacted the Delimitation Commission
Act in 1952, 1962, 1972 and 2002 for the purpose of
redrawing of boundaries of the constituencies. it is done by
article 82 of Indian constitution.
23. (d) All the above mention things are the criteria of the
disqualification of the legislative assembly members. Other
than these parliament and state legislative assembly also
made the rules for disqualification of the members.
24. (d) As per article 190, In the following cases, a member of
the state legislature vacates his seat:
(a) Double Membership (b) Disqualification
(c) Resignation. (d) Absence
(e) Other Cases
(i) if his election is declared void by the court, (ii) if he is
expelled by the House, (iii) if he is elected to the office of
president or office of vice-president, and (iv) if he is
appointed to the office of governor of a state.
25. (d) Usually, the Speaker remains in office during the life of
the assembly. However, he vacates his office earlier in any
of the following three cases:
1. if he ceases to be a member of the assembly;
2. if he resigns by writing to the deputy speaker; and
3. if he is removed by a resolution passed by a majority of
all the then members of the assembly. Such a resolution
can be moved only after giving 14 days advance notice.
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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY

Chapter –13
State Judiciary
• High Court
High Court operates as the apex of the Judicial set-up in the state
Article 214 to 231 in part VI of the constitution deal with the
organization.
High court set-up in India in the British period when three high
court set-up in 1862.
namely – (i) Bombay (ii) Madras (iii) Calcutta
In 1866, Allahabad High court was set –up as 4th High court.
• Article – 214
In our constitution provision of High court in each state but, 7 th
constitution Amendment allowed to have a common High court
for more then one state.
There are 25 High Court in our country.
Delhi the only union territory having a High court of its own.
other union territory share the High court's with other states.
Article -214 High court of states
Article -215 High court become a court of Record.
Article – 216 Composition of High courts –
Every High court shall consists of a chief Justice and such other
Judges as the President of India may from time to time appoint.
Article – 217 Appointment of Judges
Judge of a High court appoint by the president by a warrant
under his hand and seal after consultation with the chief Justice
of India and Governor of the state Concerned.
• Article – 217 (2) Qualification of the Judges.
(i) He is the citizen of India
(ii) has for at least 10 years held a Judicial office in the territory
of India.
(iii) Having 10 years been 10 years experience an advocate of a
High court or of two or more such courts in succession.
• Article – 217 (1) Tenure and Removal of Judge
A Judge of a High court can hold office till the age of 62 years.
The Judge’s post may be vacant on the basis of the following
reasons: -
(i) A Judge may by writing under his hand addressed to the
president, resign from his office.
(ii) A Judge may be removed from his office by the president in
the manner provided constitution.
(4) Article 124 for the removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court.
• Article – 218 Application of certain Provisions relating to
supreme court to High court.
• Article – 219O a th or Affirmation by Judge of High court.
Every person appointed to be a Judge of a High court shall. before
he enters his office make and subscribe before the Governor of
the state or some person appointed in that behalf by him. an oath
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or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in
the Third schedule.
• Article – 220 Restriction on practice after being a
permanent Judge
No person who after the Commencement of this Constitution, has
held office as a permanent judge of a High court shall plead or act
in any court or before any authority in India except the supreme
court and the other High courts.
• Article – 221 Salaries and allowances
Salaries are determined by parliament by law and until provision
in that behalf is so made such salaries as are specified in the
second schedule of our constitution.
• Article -222 Transfer of a Judge from one High court to
another.
The president may. after consultation with the chief justice of
India transfer a Judge from one High court to any other High
court.
• Article – 223 Appointment of a acting chief Justice .
Acting chief Justice appoint by the president when the chief
justice office is vacant .
Article – 224 Appointment of additional and Acting Judges
• Article – 224 A Appointment of a retired Judges at sitting of
High court
The chief Justice of a High court for any state, may with the
prescient consent of the president, request any person who has
held the office of a judge of that court or of any other High court
to sit and act as a Judge of the high court for that state.
• Article – 225 Jurisdiction of existing High courts.
Disputes relating to the election of members of parliament and
state legislature.
Enforcement of Fundamental Rights of citizens .
Revenue matters.
Matters related to administration, will, marriage, divorce,
company low, contempt of court, ect.
• Article – 226 Power of High court to issue certain writs
Constitution give powers of Issuing writs of the High court any
for the Enforcements of the Fundamental rights of the people,
but also for other purposes.
High court can issue all kinds of Five writs as issued by the
supreme court.
(i) Habeas corpuses (ii) Certiorari
(iii) Mondamus (iv) Prohibition
(v) Quo warranto
• Article – 226 A Constitutional Validity of central laws not
be considered in proceeding under Article 226.
• Article – 227 Power of superintendence over all courts by
the High court.
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Every High court shall have superintendence over all courts and
tribunal throughout the territories in relation to which it
exercises Jurisdiction. The High court may;-
(i) Call for returns from such court.
(ii) Make and Issue general rules and prescribe forms for
regulating the practice and proceedings of such courts.
(iii) Prescribe forms in which books and accounts shall be kept
by the offices of any such courts.
(iv) transfer cases from one court to another.
• Article – 228 Transfer of certain cases to High court.
If the High court is satisfied that a case pending in a court
subordinate to it involves a substantial and it involves a
substantial question of law as to the Interpretation of which is
necessary for the disposal of the cases, it shall withdraw the case.
• Article – 228 A Special provisions as to disposal of
questions relating to constitutional validity of state laws.
• Article – 229 officers and servants and the expenses of
High courts.
• Article 230 Extension of Jurisdiction of High courts to
union territories.
Parliament may by law extend the Jurisdiction of a High court to,
or exclude the Jurisdiction of a High court from, any union
territory.
• Article -231 Establishment of a Common High court for two
or more states.
• Subordinate court
• Article – 233 Appointment of district Judges
Appointments of persons to be and the posting and promotion of
district Judges in any state shall be made by the Governor of the
state in consultation with the High Court exercising Jurisdiction
in relation to such state.
A person not already in the service of the union of the state shall
only be eligible to be appointed district Judge if he has been for
not less than seven years as an advocate or a pleader and is
recommended by the High court for appointment
• Article – 234 Recruitment of persons other than District
Judges to the Judicial service
Appointment of persons after than District Judges to the Judicial
service of state shall be made by the Governor of the state in
accordance with rules made by him in that behalf after
consultation with the state public service commission and with
the High court exercising Jurisdiction in relation to such states.
• Article – 235 Control over subordinate court
The control over district courts and other subordinate court
Including the Posting and promotion of and the grant of leave to
person belonging to the Judicial service of a state and holding any
post inferior to the post of District Judge is vested in the High
court.
Article – 236 Interpretation.
Article – 237 Application of the provisions of this chapter to
certain class or classes or magistrates.
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LEVEL - 1
1. The transfer of Judges from one High court to another High
Court may be made by the:
(a) President of India in consultation with the Chief justice
of that High Court.
(b) Chief Justice of the Concerned High Court.
(c) Governor of the Concerned State in consultation with
the Chief Justice of India.
(d) President of India after consultation with the Chief
Justice of India.
2. Who among the following appoints the District judge in a
State?
(a) The Governor of the State
(b) The president of India
(c) The Chief Minister of the State
(d) Chief Justice of the High Court of the State
3. A retired judge of a High Court cannot:
(a) Practice in the Supreme court
(b) Practice in the High Court in India
(c) Practice in the High court from where he has retired
(d) Practice in any court in India
4. The nature of consolation with the chief justice of India in
matters of appointment of a judge to a High Court is
correctly described as:
(a) Inspection of the file by the Chief Justice
(b) Concurrence of the Chief Justice
(c) Conformity of the Chief Justice
(d) Formal reference to the Chief Justice without any
obligation to carry out his wishes.
5. The power of Judicial review means:
(a) The power of the courts to define and interpret
constitution
(b) The power of the courts to declare null and void any
legislative or executive act, which is against the provisions
of the Constitution
(c) The power of the judiciary to define and interpret laws
(d) The power of the courts to legislate when there is no
statutory provision
6 Who appoints the judicial officers of the subordinate
judiciary other than the district judges?
(a) Union public service commission
(b) State Public Service commission
(c) Governor in accordance with the rules made by him in
consolation with the High court and Governor in
consolation with the High court exercising jurisdiction with
the High court and state public service commission
(d) Governor in consultation with the High court exercising
jurisdiction in relation to such state
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7. Consider the following statements: (a) The Governor, if the state legislature passes a resolution
1. The maximum number of Judge in a High court is to this effect by two- thirds majority
specified in the constitution of India. (b) The president, on the basis of a resolution passed by the
2. Every high court has a power of superintendence over all Parliament by two-thirds majority
courts and tribunals (except military tribunals) (c) The Chief Justice of the Supreme court, on the
provided they are subject to appellate Jurisdiction of the recommendation of the Parliament
High Court. (d) The chief Justice of the High court, on the
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? recommendation of the state Legislature
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 14. Under the Provisions of the constitution of India, who is
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2 entitled to be consulted by the President of India in the
matter of the appointments of the Judges of the High
8. The writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India under
courts?
article 32 of the constitution of India is not wider than that of
the writ jurisdiction of the High court under Article 226 (a) The Union Minister of law and Justice
because the High courts may exercise this power in relation to: (b) The advocate General of the state
(a) Civil and Criminal matters (c) The Attorney –General of India
(b) Fundamental and other legal rights (d) The Governor
(c) Fundamental rights and matters in appeals 15. Under which Article(s) of the constitution of India, is the
(d) Fundamental rights and other matters power to issue writs for the enforcement of the
Fundamental Rights vested in the Supreme Court and the
9. Who among the following extends the jurisdiction of a High
High Courts?
court to, or excludes from, any Union territory?
(a) Article 32 only (b) Article 226 only
(a) Parliament by law
(c) Article 32 and Article 226 both
(b) The President of India
(d) Neither Article 32 nor Article 226
(c) The Chief Justice of India
(d) Legislature of the state in which the High court is
situated 16. NJAC stands for what:

10. Assertion (A) : A Habeas Corpus writ petition dismissed by (a) National Judicial Appointments Commission
the Supreme Court can be admitted by the High court (b) National Jurisdiction Appointment commission
under article 226 of the constitution. (c) National Judiciary Authority commission
Reason (R) : In exercising writ jurisdiction, the powers of (d) National Judicial Appointment Council
the Supreme Court and High court are concurrent.
17. Which is not the ground of the removal of the judge:
Codes:
(a) Proved misbehavior (b) incapacity
(a) Both A and R is individually true and R is the correct
(c) Both
explanation of A
(d) Violation of constitution
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
correct explanation of A 18. Who decides the salaries and privileges of the high court
judges?
(c) A is true but R is false
(a) President (b) Supreme Court
(d) A is false but R is true
(c) Parliament (d) High court
11. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
19. Salaries of the high court judges are taken from the:
(a) The Supreme Court can over-rule itself.
(a) Consolidated fund of the state.
(b) A High court can over-rule itself.
(b) Consolidated fund of the India
(c) Judgments of the Supreme Court bind the lower courts.
(c) Contingency fund of state
(d) Judgments of a High court do not bind the lower courts
of the state (d) Contingency fund of India

12. The High court having the jurisdiction in judicial matters

relating to the largest number of states /union Territories 20. Which statement is the correct regarding the judges?
is: (a) They can practice after retirement
(a) Calcutta High Court (b) Kerala High court (b) They can not practice after retirement
(c) Bombay High Court (c) Both are correct
(d) Guwahati High Court (d) None of the above
13. A judge of a High court can be removed from office during
his tenure by.
21. What is the tenure of the high court judges?

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(a) 2 years
(b) 5 years
Solutions
(c) Upto the age of 65 years
Level - 1
(d) Upto the age of 62 years
1. (d) Articles 214 to 231 in part VI deals with High court.
Article – 222:
22. The jurisdiction and powers of a high court are governed
by After Consultation of Chief – Justice of India, President can
transfer a Judge of High court salaries & Allowances will be
(a) the constitutional provisions,
shared by both the states
(b) the Letters Patent,
2. (a) Article 233 to 237 in part VI deals with subordinate
(c) the Acts of Parliament, courts.
(d) All of the above District Judges are appointed and promoted by Governor
23. How many high court are therein India? 3. (c) Article – 220:
(a) 20 (b) 23 A retired Judge of a high court can not practice in the high
(c) 24 (d) 29 court from where he has retired but supreme courts &
24. The sub Ordinate court are fall under which part of Indian other high courts.
constitution? 4. (c) Article 217:
(a) Part 6 (b) Part 5 The Judges of High court are appointed & Removed by
(c) Part 4 (d) Part 7 president. Appointed after the consultation with chief
Justice of India, & Chief Justice of India should consult a
collegium of two senior- most Judges of supreme – court.
25. The structure and jurisdiction of the subordinate court are
5. (b) Judicial review is the power of high court to examine
laid down by?
the legislative & executive orders of both the central & state
(a) Concerned high court (b) supreme court Governments. under Article 13 & 226, high court can
(c) Concerned state (d) Center declare any law null & void If law is in consist with the
constitution.
6. (d) The Judicial officers of the subordinate Judiciary other
than the district judge are appointed by Governor in
accordance with the rules made by him in consultation with
the high court. & SPIS. SPSC conduct exam for it.
7. (d) the maximum number of judges is in Allahabad high
court. It is on the discretion of the president that the judges
are appointed in the high court there is no fix limit on
number of high court judges And high court is
superintendence over tribunals and appellate courts but
not to the Supreme Court.
8. (a) there are five major types of writs viz. habeas corpus,
mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari. The
writ jurisdiction of High court (article 226) is higher then
the Supreme Court (Article 32) because High court may
exercise his power related to fundamental rights as well as
Legal rights while Supreme Court can only exercise his
power on Breach of Fundamental rights.
9. (a) Through Article 230 Parliament may by law extend the
jurisdiction of a High Court to, or exclude the jurisdiction of
a High Court.
10. (d) the writ jurisdiction of High court (article 226) is
higher then the Supreme Court (Article 32) but if any
petition related to the writ jurisdiction is rejected by the
Supreme Court then it will not be admitted in any court.
11. (d) According to the article 129 Supreme Court is to be the
court of records and all his judgments will function as the
Records for all the lower courts and are binding in nature.
And same for High courts under article 215.

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12. (d) The Guwahati High Court was promulgated by of a Chief Justice and such other judges appointed by the
governor general of India on 1 March 1948 after the President of India.
Government of India Act 1935 was passed. It has largest
jurisdiction in terms of states, with its area covering the
24. (a) Articles 233 to 237 in Part VI of the Constitution make
states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and
the provisions to regulate the organization of subordinate
Mizoram.
courts and to ensure their independence from the
13. (b) The President can issue the removal order only after an executive.
address by the Parliament has been presented to him in the
25. (c) The organisational structure, jurisdiction and
same Session by special majority. The grounds of removal
nomenclature of the subordinate judiciary are laid down by
are two—proved misbehavior or incapacity. A judge of a
the states. Hence, they differ slightly from state to state.
high court can be removed in the same manner and on the
Broadly speaking, there are three tiers of civil and criminal
same grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court.
courts below the High Court
14. (d) under article 217 the judges of a high court are
appointed by the President. The chief justice is appointed
by the President after consultation with the chief justice of
India and the governor of the state concerned.
15. (c) Article 32 provides the right to Constitutional remedies
which means that a person has right to move to Supreme
Court (and high courts also) for getting his fundamental
rights protected. Supreme Court has power to issue writs
under article 32; High Courts have been given same powers
under article 226.
16. (a) The 99th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2014 tried
to replace the Collegium System of appointing judges to the
Supreme Court and High Courts with a new body called the
National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) . But
Supreme Court declare it null and void.
17. (d) The grounds of removal are two—proved misbehavior
or incapacity. Thus, a judge of a high court can be removed
in the same manner and on the same grounds as a judge of
the Supreme Court by the president.
18. (c) The salaries, allowances, privileges, leave and pension
of the judges of a high court are determined from time to
time by the Parliament under article 221.
19 Salaries of the high court charged on the consolidated fund
of the state while salaries are charged from the
consolidated fund of India.
20. (b) The retired permanent judges of a high court are
prohibited from pleading or acting in any court or before
any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the
other high courts. This ensures that they do not favor any
one in the hope of future favor.
21. (d) The Constitution has not fixed the tenure of a judge of a
High court.He holds office until he attains the age of 62
years and can be removed by president after the
recommendation of parliament.
22. (d) The present jurisdiction and powers of a high court are
governed by (a) the constitutional provisions, (b) the
Letters Patent, (c) the Acts of
Parliament, (d) the Acts of State Legislature, (e) Indian
Penal Code, 1860, (f) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, and
(g) Civil Procedure Code, 1908.
23. (c) There are 25 High Courts in India, three having control
over more than one State. Delhi has a High Court of its own
among the Union Territories. Each High Court shall consist

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY

Chapter – 14
Local Self Government
Two level of local self – government exist in our constitution.
The first rural local government known as “Panchayti Raj” and
second urban local government
Panchayati Raj system in India has existed since ancient times. In
chola rule its ideal form can be seen.
Lord Ripon is known as the father of local Government .
Montague Chelmsford Reforms 1919 made local self government
a part of the transferred subject.
The local Government is the third level of government apart
from the state and central Government.
Union Government
State Government
Local Government
Panchayat Raj Nagarpalika
District panchayat Muncipal corporation
Intermediat panchayat Muncipal council
Village Panchayat Nagar panchayat
Originally there was two- level government in Indian
constitution. The description of the local Government was in
Article – 40
After independence, the Balwant Rai Mehta committee was
formed in 1957 which recommended the Implementation of tri –
level Panchayati Raj system in the whole country.
Rajasthan is the first state to implement Mehta committee
Recommendation. It was Inaugurated by prime minister, P J L
Nehru in Nagaur district on 2 October 1959.
In the 1960, the Panchayat Raj was adopted in different states of
Country.
But these Institution formed by the states had no similarity in the
number of levels, their tenure, methods of election etc.
Other Committees constituted to Improve Panchayat Raj system.
1. Ashok Mehta Committee – 1977
Recommendations: -
(i) The biennial Panchayati Raj system should be adopted that is to be
formed in place of the Gram Panchayat, Mandal Panchayat.
(ii) All rights including the District Collector, should be subject
to the District council.
(iii) Organization should be elected on a party basis.
(iv) Reservation to scheduled castes, Jains and women belonging
to society should be given
(v) The role of self-help organization in panchayat Raj system
should be increased.
2. G.V. Rao Committee – 1985
Recommendation: -
(i) Gram Panchayats should be given more financial powers.
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(ii) The state finance commission should be constituted
(iii) Tenure of institution will be done for 8 years.
3. L.M. Singhghvi Committee: - 1986
this committee, recommended to give constitutional status to
these institution. The central Government made on effort by 64 th
constitution Amendment Bill, but the bill could not be passed
from parliament.
4. P.K. Thangun committee 1988
This committee has also recommended the constitutional
statues of these institutions.
73th Constitution Amendment: -
This amendment act was passed by parliament in 1992, which
came into effect on 24 April 1993.
The Joint producer committee for this act was its president mr
Nathuram mirdha (Member of Parliament) from Rajasthan.
Panchayat Raj Day celebrated on 24th April.
This act has added a new part IX to the constitution of India
which is entailed as the panchayat and consists of provisions
from Article 243(a) to 243 (o).
The act also added a new eleventh schedule to the constitution
which contains 29 functional items of the panchayat that deal
Article 243 (G).
Important Features of 73rd Amendment
It Provided for the state legislatures making their own laws for
establishing panchayats and conferring on them such powers
and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as
institutions of self government.
A three – tier system was Introduced in every state, excluding
states having less then 2 million population.
Panchayat Raj are to be established at the village, Intermediate
and district levels.
It empowers people to elect their representative in panchayats.
Election to the Panchayat to be held within 6 months of the
dissolution of a panchayat.
Some seats will be reserved for women, scheduled castes (SC)
and scheduled tribes (ST)
A 5 years term for all panchayat has been fixed.
Panchayat will have their own budget, power of taxation and list
of Items in their Jurisdiction.
State Election commissioner to conduct Panchayat elections.
Every five years a state Finance commission to by constituted to
review the financial resources of Panchayat.
The municipalities
It emerged as the 74th constitution Amendment Act of 1992 and
come in to force on 1st June 1993.
This act has added a new Part IX – A of the constitution of India.
The municipalities consist of provisions from Article 243P to
243 ZG.
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This Act has also added a new twelfth schedule to the 8. The sources of revenue of urban local bodies in India are:
constitutions of India. (a) Taxes (b) Fees and fines
Contains 18 Functional items of the municipalities. (c) Grants (d) Loans
A Nagar Panchayat for a transitional area that to say, an area in 9. Which one of the following constitution (Amendment) Acts
transition from rural to an urban area. provided for the formation of the Metropolitan Planning
A municipal council for a smaller urban Area. Committee?
A municipal corporation for a larger urban area in Accordance (a) 42nd Constitution (Amendment) Act
with the provisions of this Part. (b) 44th Constitution (Amendment) Act
(c) 73rd Constitution (Amendment) Act

LEVEL - 1 (d) 74th Constitution (Amendment) Act

10. Municipal Area means the territorial area of a Municipality
1. 73rd Amendment to the constitution of India provides for:
as is notified by the:
(a) Two tiers of Panchayati Raj institutions at the village
(a) Governor
and district levels
(b) Municipal commissioner
(b) Two tiers of Panchayati Raj institutions at the village
and block levels (c) Municipal council
(c) Two tiers of Panchayati Raj institutions at the block and (d) Council of Ministers
district levels 11. Nagar Palika bill was first introduced in Parliament during
(d) Three tiers of Panchayati Raj institutions at the village, the prime ministership of
block and district levels. (a) V.P. Singh (b) Chandrasekhar
2. Who makes provisions with respect to the maintenance of (c) Rajiv Gandhi (d)Narasimha Rao
accounts by the Panchayats and the auditing of such 12. 73rd and 74th
Amendments to the Constitution of India
accounts? provide for elections to the local bodies:
(a) Finance Commission of the concerned State (a) Every year
(b) Legislature of the State (b) After every three years
(c) Comptroller and Auditor General of India (c) After every five years
(d) District Collector (d) After every two years
3. What is the minimum population below which panchayats 13. The first municipal corporation that was established in
at the intermediate level are not constituted as per India is at:
provision of the Constitution (Seventy- third Amendment)
(a) Madras (b) Delhi
Act?
(c) Bombay (d) Hyderabad
(a) 20 Lakhs (b) 25 lakhs
14. In which pair of Schedules of the constitution, the functions
(c) 30 Lakhs (d) 35 lakhs
of Panchayats and Municipalities are incorporated?
4. In 1977, under whose chairmanship, the Panchayati Raj
(a) 8th and 9th (b) 9th and 10th
committee was formed?
(c) 10th and 11th (d) 11th and 12th
(a) Ashok Mehta
15. A metropolitan committee can be set up in an area having a
(b) Sardar Swaran Singh
population of:
(c) Balwant Raj Mehta
(a) 3 lakh to 4.99 (b) 5 lakh to 9.99
(d) Madhu Dandawate
(c) Up to 10 lakh (d) more than 10 lakh
5. Which one of the following states was the first to introduce
16. The maintenance of accounts by Panchayats and auditing
the panchyati Raj system?
of such accounts is done by
(a) Tamil Nadu (b) West Bengal
(a) Finance Commission of state
(c) Rajasthan (d) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Comptroller and Auditor General
6. The Panchayati Raj is included in the:
(c) Law made by Parliament
(a) Union List (b) State List
(d) Law made by state Legislature
(c) Concurrent List (d) Residuary list
17. Which article of the India constitution provides for the
7. Which one of the following committees had recommended institution of Panchayati Raj? [SSC 2006]
people’s participation in community development
(a) Article – 36 (b) Article – 39
programmes?
(c) Article – 40 (d) Article – 48
(a) Ashok Mehta Committee
18. What was the reason for Gandhiji’s support to
(b) Balwant Raj Mehta committee
decentralisation of power?
(c) Rural –urban Relationship committee
(a) Decentralisation ensures more participation of the
(d) L.M. Singhvi Committee people into democracy

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(b) India had decentralisation of power in the past (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Decentralisation was essential for the economic (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
development of the country 2. 73rd Constitutional Amendment does not apply to which of
(d) Decentralisation can prevent communalism the following states?
19. Under the Panchayati Raj system Gram sabha consist of (a) Meghalaya (b) Goa
(a) Elected executives of a village (c) Sikkim (d) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Persons who is registered in the electoral rolls relating 3. In which part of the Indian constitution, has the provision
to a village for panchayats been made?
(c) The village Sarpanch and the persons nominated by (a) Part IX (b) Part IV
him/ her elected executives of a village and officials (c) Part III (d) Part IX – A
nominated by him/her
4. The Eleventh Schedule of the constitution relating to the
20. Which of the following is a source of income of the Gram panchayats contains:
Panchayats?
(a) 18 items (b) 28 items
(a) Income tax (b) Sales tax
(c) 19 items (d) 29 items
(c) Professional tax (d) Levy duties
5. Which of the following is not a Panchayati Raj institution?
21. The Constitution of India mandates that the elections of the
(a) Gram Sabha
Panchayati Raj should be held regularly after a gap of
(b) Gram Panchayat
(a) 2 years (b) 3 years
(c) Nyaya Panchayat
(c) 4 years (d) 5 years
(d) Gram Cooperative Society
22. The decision to conduct panchayat Elections is taken by
which of the following? [SSC 2009]
(a) The central Government 6. The three – tier system of panchyati Raj was initially
recommended by
(b) The state Government
(a) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
(c) The District Judge
(b) Ashok Mehta Committee
(d) The Election Commission
(c) LM Singhvi Committee
23. Co-operative Societies got constitution status by which of
the following Amendment Act (d) GVK Rao Committee
(a) 57th Amendment Act [UPSC 2012]
(b) 76th Amendment Act 7. The implementation of Jawahar Rozgar Yojana rests with
(c) 97th Amendment Act (a) Gram Panchayat
(d) 91st Amendment Act (b) District Collector
24. Functions to be assigned Panchayats by 73rd Amendament (c) State Government
of constitution are mentioned in (d) Union Government
(a) Tenth Schedule [SSC 2009]
(b) Eleventh schedule 8. When was the Panchyati Raj system introduced in India?
(c) Twelfth schedule (a) 1945 (b) 1950
(d) Thirteen Schedule (c) 1959 (d) 1962
25. When and where panchayat system in India was [SSC (CPO) 2009]
introduced? 9. Which one the following committee is not associated with
(a) 5th July 1957; Firozabad (UP) panchayati Raj in India.
(b) 2nd October 1959; (Rajasthan) (a) Sadia Ali Comrnittee
(c) 14th November 1959; Ahmadabad (Gujarat) (b) Dinesh Goswami Committee
(d) 3rd December 1960; Bhopal (MP) (c) L. M. Singhvi Committee
(d) P.K. Thungan Committee

LEVEL - 2 10. In which of the following states, there is a provision of

Tribal Areas?
Consider the following statements: 1. Assam 2. Meghalaya
1. The Eleventh Schedule was inserted in the Constitution of India 3. Tripura 4. Mizoram
by the Constitution (Seventy Third Amendment) Act, 1992.
(a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 2,3 and 4
2. The Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution of India corresponds
(c) 1,3 and 4 (d) All of these
to Article 243-W of the Constitution of India.
11. Who among the following are directly elected by the
Which of the Statements given above is /are correct ?
people?
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1. Pradhan 2. Block Pramukh (a) 1767 (b) 1687
3. Zila Panchayat Adhyaksh 4. Sarpanch (c) 1667 (d) 1678
5. Panch 22. Which constitutional Article defines ‘Municipalities’?
(a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 1,2 and 5 (a) Article – 243 P (b) Article – 243 Q
(c) 1,4 and 5 (d) 1 and 5 (c) Article – 243 T (d) Article – 343 U
12. Which of the following in India has no panchayat Raji 23. A Panchayat Samiti at the block level is
institution? (a) An advisory body
(a) Assam (b) Tripura (b) Executive body
(c) Kerala (d) Nagaland (c) A consultant committee
13. the Panchayati Raj system under part – IX of the (d) A supervisory authority
constitution of India does not apply to the state of
24. Which of the following committee appointed to look
(a) Assam, Mizoram and Nagaland at the issue of finance?
(b) Nagaland, Meghalaya and Tripura (a) Ashok Mehta Committee
(c) Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram (b) GVK Rao Committee
(d) Sikkim, Tripura and Meghalaya (c) K Santhanam Committee
[NDA 2015] (d) None of the above
14. PRIASOFT is related to government project ? 25. Who among the following is known as Father of Local
(a) Land record Self Government?’
(b) Panchayat (a) JL Nehru (b) Lord Mayo
(c) Public Distribution system (c) LM Shinghvi (d) Lard Ripon
(d) NLRMP
15. Power, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities are
listed in which one of the following schedules of the
Constitution of India?
(a) Ninth (b) Tenth
(c) Eleventh (d) Twelfth
16. The constitution (74th) Amendment Act, 1993 mentions the
(a) Composition of the National Development Council
(b) Functions of the state Finance Commission
(c) Functions of the Kaveri water Authority
(d) Municipalities
[CDS 2010]
17. A municipal council is situated in which of the area?
(a) larger urban area (b) urban area
(c) Smaller urban area (d) None of the above
18. In which list the ‘Panchayati Raj’ subject is included?
(a) Union List (b) State List
(c) Concurrent List (d) Residuary List
[CGPSC 2012]
19. What is the middle unit in the three- tier panchayati
Raj system?
(a) Gram Panchayat
(b) Panchayat Samiti
(c) Zila Parishad
(d) Union Board
20. If a Panchayat is dissolved, elections are to be held
within [UPSC 2009]
(a) One month (b) three months
(c) Six months (d) One year
21. The 1st Municipal Corporation in India was set up at
Madras in
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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (a) 73rd Amendment Act – 1972 est. a Three-tier Panchayati
Raj System – Gram Panchayat – Village level
Panchyatat Samiti – Block level
Zila Parishad – District Level.
2. (b) Article 243J: The state Legislature May make
Provisions for maintains of Accounts by the panchayats
and the auditing of such Accounts .
3. (a) The 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, had provision of 3 tier
system of Panchayati Raj in every state However, a state
having a population not exceeding 20 lakh may not
constitute Panchayats at the Intermediate level means
Block level.
4. (a)
Chairman Panchayati Raj Committee
Ashok mehta 1977, Gave 132 Recommendations
Balwant Rai mehta 1957
Gadgil Committee 1988
5. (c) The Panchayati Raj. Was Inaugurated in Nagaur district
of Rajasthan on 20 oct of 1959.
6. (b) The Panchayati Raj. is included In state list. Seventh
Schedule deals with Division of powers between the union
& states.
union list → 100 subjects (originally 97)
State list → 61 subjects (originally 66)
Concurrent list → 52 subjects (originally 47)
7. (b) Balwant Raj mehta Committee – 1957, recommended
“democratic decentralization as 3 tier system.
8. (c) There are five sources
1. Tax : property, entertainment, water tax etc.
2. Non – tax revenue : Rent, Fees & Fines, royalty Interest
3. Grants : Grants from controls state Govt.
4. Devolution: State finance commission Recommend to
transfer of money from State Govt. to urban local Bodies.
5. Loans: loans from state Govt. institutions.
9. (d) 74th
Amendment Act – 1992: Added a new part IX A, As
“the Municipalities” under Article 243 – P to 243 – ZG with
12th Schedule. contain 18 subjects,
10. (a) The Governor is notify about the municipal Area means
the territorial area of a Municipality
11. (c) In Aug 1989, the Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Introduced the
Nagar Palika Bill (65th Amendment Bill) in Lok Sabha. then
V.P. singh Govt. in sep 1990 also Introduced But Finally
Passed by P.V. Narsimha Rao Govt. in 1992.
12. (c) Both the Amendments provide for election to the local
bodies After every five years. if fresh election happen in
between than the new Assembly function for the
remainder of the period.
13. (a) In 1687 – 88, the first municipal co – operation in India
was set up at Madras.
• 1726 – Bombay & calcutta.
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• Lord ripon – father of Local self Govt.
14. (d) 11th Schedule – Panchyati Raj, If contain 29 mattas. This
sechedule was Added by 73rd Amendment act of 1992.
12th Schedule – Municipalities, contain 18 matters, Added
by 74th Amendment Act, 1992
15. (d ) 3 tier of Municipalities.
(a) Nagar Panchayat – transition Area between rural to
urban Area.
(b) Municipal Council – for smaller urban Area.
(c) Municipal cooperation – for larger urban Area.
* Metropolitan Area has ten lakh or above population in
two or more municipalities.
16. (d) Article – 243 J – Audit of Accounts of Provision
Regarding maintance & Audit of Accounts of panchayat are
made by state legislature.
Article – 243 I – State finance commission
17. (c) Article -40 : Organisation of village panchayats .
Article – 36 : Definition of state.
Article – 39 : certain principles of policy to be followed by
the state .
Article – 48 organisation of Agricultural & animal
husbandry.
18. (a) Gandhi’s support to decentralisation of power ensures
make participation of the people into democracy. He called
panchayati Raj as village swaraj.
19. (b) Article – 243 –A –Gram Sabha:
Gram Sabha consist of persons who is registered in the electoral
rolls relating to a village & exercise powers at the village level as
the legislature of a state determine.
20. (d) Article – 243: Powers to impose taxes by, and funds of,
the punchayats, State legislature may authorize a
panchayat to levy, collect, and appropriate taxes, duties,
tolls & fees.
21. (d)
• Institution term of office (years)
• Panchayati Raj. 5
• Panchayati Raj. 5
• President 5
• Lok – sabha 5
22. (b) The elections of the panchayat is conduced by state
election commission, which consist a state election
commissioner appointed by Governor.
The state legislature took All the decisions Regarding election.
23. (c) 97th Amendment Act, 2011 ⇒ Gave constitutional
status and protection to Co-operative societies. provisions
are, As follow Right to form co – operative society a
fundamental right. Included new DPSP to promote it. Aded
New part in constitution “ IX – B”
24. (b) 73rd Amendment of constitution – 1992: It gave
constitutional status & protection to the panchyati Raj. A
new part IX” (The panchayats) and A new 11 th schedule
containing 18 functions Added .
25. (b) It was introduced from nagaur district of Rajasthan on 2 oct
1959, By Nehru ji. Panchayati Raj. is based on “decentralization
of power” of Mahatma Gandhi.
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LEVEL - 2
1. (c) Total 12 schedule are there and 11th Schedule is related
to “Panchayati Raj”. It has 29 matters, & added by 73 rd
Amendment Act – 1992.
2. (a) Article 243 m: The Act of 1992, does not apply to the
states of J & K, Nagaland, Meghlaya & Mizoram.
3. (a) The, Part IX deals with Panchayat in Article 243 to 243 – 0. It
concerns with 11th schedule & contain 29 matters.
4. (d) The 11th Schedule of the constitution relating to the
panchayats & contains 29 items & added by 73rd Amendment
Act of 1992. Where municipalities has 18 matters.
5. (d) Gram sabha (Article 243 – A) Voters Registered In the
electoral Role of village are member of it. form panchayat –
local self – governance at Grassroot level with sarpanch its
head. NYAYA panchayat – A system of dispute Resolution
at village level based on principal of Natural Justice .
Gram – cooperative society Association of members
residing in a particular locality
6. (a) The 3 – tier system of panchayati Raj As“Democratic
decentralization” was unitary Recommended by Balwant
and Rai mehta committee & Accelted By National
Development council in Jan. 1958.
7. (c) Jawahar Razgar Yojana: It was launched After merging
national Rural employment program (NREP) & Rural
landless Employment Guarantee program (RLEGP) on 1st
April 1989. 80% fund by center & 20% By state Govt but
implemented by state Govt.
8. (c) The panchayati Raj system was inaugurated on October
2, 1959. In naguar District of Rajasthan by Pt. Jawahar lal
nehru.
9. (b) Major committees associated with panchayati Raj are:
Ashok mehta, G.V.K. Rao, L.M. singhvi, Thungon, gadgil,
sadia Ali, etc dinesh goswami committee related to
electoral reforms In 1990.
10. (d) Article – 243 M
Sceduled Area: Here Scheduled cast people dominate, ten
sates of India have scheduled Area are :
Andha pradesh, Telangana, Jharkhand, Chhatisgarh,
Gujarat, Himachal pradesh, madhya pradesh, maharastra
odisha & Raj.
Tribal Areas: Ten tribal Areas (Autonomous districts)In 4 states:
Assam, meghalaya, tripura and mizoram.
11. (c) Village panchayat should be constituted with directly
elected representative like, pradhan, sarpanch, panch.
• Whereas the panchayat samiti & Zila parishad should be
constituted with indirectly elected member such as, zila
panchayat adyaksh and Block – pramukh.
12. (d) Article – 243 m: panchayati Raj not apply to certain
states; J&K, Nagaland, meghalaya and mizaram. scheduled
Areas & tribal area states are included in it.
13. (c)
14. (b) Project PRIASOFT: It’s an e-Governance project aims to track
of all the in- flow (Receipts) & out – flow (expenditure) of the
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panchayat Raj Institutions. its centralised accounting software use
by All 3 level of panchayat
15. (d)
Schedule Article
Subject matter
Number covered
Acts & Regulation of the state
legislatures dealing with land
9 31-B
reform and abolition of zamideri
system.
Provision of disqualification of
10th members of parliament on the 102-191
grounds of defection.
Power, Authority & Responsibility 243-G
11th
of panchayats. It has 29 matters
Power Authority & Responsibility
12th 243 - W
of municipalities. it has 18 matters
16. (d) 74th Amendment Act, 1993:Urban local Govt.
(Municipalities) was constitutionaliased through it. Under
urban local Govt. ministry of urban Development was
Created in 1985.
(b) Ministry of betencein case of containment.
(c) Ministry of home affairs in case of union territories.
17. (c)
(a) A Nagar panchayat– for a transitional area, transition
from rural to urban area.
(b) Municipal council for a smaller urban Area.
(c) Municipal corporation for a large urban Area.
18. (b) Panchayati Raj. Subject is included in state list. It
contain 61 items (originally 66 items)
Union list – 100 items originally 97 items)
concurrent list – 52 items (originally 47 item)
19. (b) The three – tier panchayati Raj system:
Gram panchyat at village level
Panchayat Samiti at Block level
Zila parishad at district level.
20. (c) Article – 243 E – Duration of panchayats (5 years)
If panchayat is dissolved before the completion of
term, than fresh election shall be completed (a)
before expiry of 5 years (b) before the expiry of a
period of six months from the date of its dissolution
21. (b) 1st Municipal co – operation In India was set up at
madras in 1687 and Bombay & Calcutta in 1726.
Lord Ripon is called the father of local self
Government in India.
22. (a) Article 243 P – Definitions of municipalities
Article 243 Q – Constitution of Municipalities
Article 234 T – Reservation of seats
Article 343 U – Duration of municipalities
23. (b) Village panchayat constituted with direct election
& Panchayat samiti & Zila parishad constituted with
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indirectly elected member. Panchayat samiti should
be executive body while zila parishad is advisory
Coordinating & supervising body.
24. (c) K Santhnam Committee – Study team on
panchyati Raj finance – 1963.
Ashok mehta committee – To Revive & Strengthen
the Panchayati Raj – 1977
GVK Rao committee – To Review the existing
Administrative Arrangements for rural Development.
25. (d) Lord Ripon’s Resolution of 1882, hailed as “magna
carta” of local self Govt. so he is called father of local self
govt.

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY

Chapter – 15
Constitutional Bodies
(i) Election Commission: -
Established: - 25th January 1950
Article: - 324 (Part = 15)
Members: - It currently consists of chief election commissioner
and two election commissioners.
Appointment: - by president
Tenure: - 6 years or up to the age of 65 years whichever is
earlier.
They enjoy the same status and receive salary and pears as
available to Judges of the supreme court.
Removal: - by Parliament in the same manner as the Judges of
supreme court.
Power and Function: - Power and function of election
commission with Regard to election to the Parliament and the
state legislatures and offices of president and vice president.
It issues the model code of conduct in every election
It regulates Political Parties and registers them for being eligible
to contest elections.
It publishes the limits of campaign expenditure per candidate
allowed to the political parties and also monitors the same
To advise the president and Governor with respect to the
disqualification of the members of parliament and legislatures of state.
The commission can suspend candidates who fail to submit their
election expense accounts timely.
State election commission: -It established by the 73rd and 74th
constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 to hold fair and free
elections to the local bodies.
It consists of a single member who is designated as the state
election commissioner.
He is appointed be the Governor of the state. He is removed in a
manner as Judge of High court is removed.
Union Public Service Commission. (UPSE)
The Indian Constitution in its Part – XIV from Article 315 to 323
provides for a union public service commission and state public
service commission.
Article – 315 = Public service commission for union & states.
The commission consists of a chairman and other members
Article – 316= Appointment, Qualification and tenure.
The chairman and other member of a public service commission
shall be appointed in case of union commission by the president
and in case of state commission by the Governor of the state.
Qualification: - The members of commission should have held
office for at least 10 years either Under the Union Government or
under the state Government.
Tenure: - 6 years from the date on which he enters his office or
until he attains the age of 65 years.
Article-317 = Removal of member
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On the basis of misbehavior by the President can be removed
from the office.
Article -318= Power to make regulations to member of
commission.
Article -319: - Prohibition as to the holding of office by members
of commission on ceasing to be such members.
Article – 320: - Functions
Recruitment to services and post under the Union through the
conduct of competitive examinations.
Advising on the suitability of officers for appointment on
promotion as well as transfer – on – deputation
Miscellaneous matters relating to grant of extraordinary
pensions, reimbursement of legal expenses, etc
It shall also be the duty of UPSE, if two or more states so to do to
assist those state in framing and operating schemes of Joint
Recruitment for which candidates possessing special
qualifications are required.
Article -321: - Power to Extend function of UPSC
Article -322: - Expenses for Public service commission
Article – 323: - Annual Report of Public service commission
UPSC give an annual report to the President which is placed
before the parliament by the president.
Note: - Union public service commission was made by the
recommendation of the Lee- commission which was established
in 1926.
Finance Commission
Article- 280 = The Finance commission is constituted by the
president as a Quasi – Judicial body.
It is set up every 5th year to recommend on distribution of tax
revenues between the Union and the states and Amongst the
states themselves.
Member: - = One chairman and four other members to be
appointed by the President.
Qualification: -
(i) Have been qualified as Judges of High court.
(ii) Have knowledge of government finances of Accounts.
(iii) Have special knowledge of economics.
Power and Function of Finance Commission: -
Recommendations for the distribution of net proceeds of taxes
between centre and the states, to be divides as per their
respective contribution to the taxes.
Determined factors governing Grants – in – aid to the states out
of the consolidated fund of India.
Any other matter referred to the commission by the President in
the interest of sound finance.
Work with the state finance commission and suggest measures to
argument the consolidated fund of the state so as to provide
additional resources to panchayats and municipalities in the state.
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First Finance commissionor was K.C. Niyogi
14th Finance Commissnor was – Y.V. Reddy” (2015 to 2020)
LEVEL - 1
15th Finance commissionor is N.K. Singh (2020 to 2025) 1. The Chief Election Commission of India holds office for a
period of
National commission for scheduled castes & scheduled
tribes: - (a) Six years
It was established on 12 march 1992 by the 65thconstitution (b) During the pleasure of the president
Amendment Act 1990. (c) For six years or till the age of 65 years, whichever is
Article = 338 Part XVI (16) earlier
Structure: - One chairman and three other member. (d) For five years or till the age of 60 years, whichever is
earlier
Appointment: - by President
2. The responsibility of preparation of electoral rolls rests
Tenure: - Three years
with:
Report: - Commission gives its annual Report to the President
(a) The Parliament
and the president present this Report in the Parliament.
(b) The Local Administration
Work of the commission
(c) The Election Commission
Constitutional Protection of Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
(d) The State Government
To Investigate and to hear matters that violate the Interests of SC
And ST. 3. Under the Constitution of India, the power to extend
functions of the Union Public service Commission has been
Striving for social and economic development of ST and SC.
vested in the:
any other work which the president rule determine.
(a) President of India
Note: - 89th Amendment Act 2003 furcated the commissioner the
(b) Parliament
combined national commission for ST (Under Article 338 –A) and
national commission for SC (Under Article 338) Hence, the (c) Chairman of the Commission
separate National commission for SC came into existence in (d) Ministry of Personnel
2004. 4. The annual report of the UPSC is submitted to the:
National Commission for Backward Classes (a) Ministry of Personnel
The establishment: - 2 April – 1993 (b) Parliament
Article = 340 Part XVI (16) (c) Prime Minister
Structure: - A chairperson, a Vice chairperson and three other (d) President
members.
5. Immediately before 26 January, 1950, the Union Public
They are Appointed by the president and their conditions of Service Commission was known as:
service and tenure of office are also determined by the president.
(a) Public Service Commission
Works = Constitutional Protection for other backward classes
(b) Federal Public Service Commission
To Investigate and to hear matters that Violate Interests of OBC.
(c) Central Public Service Commission
Striving of Social and economic development of OBC.
(d) Imperial public service Commission
Report of OBC Commission: - The commission gives its annual
6. A joint Public service Commission for two or more States
Report to the President. The President Present this Report in the
can be established by:
Parliament
(a) The concerned States
Inter State council
(b) An Act of Parliament
The establishment: - On 28 may, 1990, by the order of the
president on the recommendation of the sarkaria commission. (c) The union public Service Commission
Article-263, Part – XI (d) The Government of India
This to an advisory council formed by the president. 7. The State Public Service Commission submits its annual
report to the:
Structure: - The members of Inter State Council are
(a) Parliament (b) State Legislature
(i) Prime minister
(c) President (d) Governor
(ii) Chief minister of all states and Union territories which
contains the legislature. 8. The Finance Commission is constituted to recommend
criteria for:
(iii) Administrators of the union territories which do not have
the legislature. (a) Framing a financial bill
(iv) Governor of presidential states. (b) Preparing the annual budget of Union Government
(v) The prime minister nominate Six cabinet ministers (c) Distribution of financial resources between Union and
the States
Work of Inter State Council
(d) Auditing the receipts and expenditures of the Union
Examining disputes arising between states and advising them.
Government

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9. In which Article of our Constitution, is the Finance (a) Article 337 (b) Article 334
Commission dealt with? (c) Article 338 (d) Article 339
(a) Article 280 (b) Article 380 22. NRI (Non – Resident Indian) Day is observed on which of
(c) Article 281 (d) Article 381 the following days?
10. Which Article of the constitution of India deals with the (a) 9th January (b) 9th February
National commission for SCs? (c) 19th February (d) 9th March
(a) Article 336 (b) Article 337 23. In reference to CAG consider the following statements
(c) Article 338 (d) Article 338 –A 1. CAG is the head of the Indian audit and Accounts
11. The separate National commission for SCs came into Department
existence in: 2. Article 280 deals with the office of CAG
(a) 2000 (b) 2002 3. He can be removed by parliament in a manner as a judge
(c) 2004 (d) 2006 of the Supreme Court
12. The conditions of service of the members of the National Which of the above statements is/are correct?
commission for SCs are determined by the: (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
(a) Parliament of India (b) President of India (c)1 and 3 (d) All of these
(c) Union Cabinet (d) Constitution of India 24. Which one among the following is not a constitutional body
13. Which Article of the constitution of India with the National in India?
Commission for STs? (a) Comptroller and Auditor General
(a) Article 338 – A (b) Article339 (b) National commissioner for linguistic minorities
(c) Article 334 (d) Article 338 (c) National commission for Schedule casts
14. The ultimate responsibility of taking due action on the (d) National human rights commission
comments of the comptroller and Auditor – General of
25. Consider the following statements. Attorney General of
India vests with the:
India can.
(a) President of India (b) Supreme Court
1. take part in the proceedings of the lok sabha
(c) Parliament
2. be a member of a committee of the lok sabha
(d) National Development Council
3. speak in the lok sabha
15. The annual report of the comptroller and Auditor –General
4. vote in the lok sabha
of India is scrutinised in detail by the:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Public Accounts Committee
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 4
(b) Estimates Committee
(c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1 and 3
(c) Consultative Committee of the Finance Ministry
(d) Select committee on Expenditure
16. Which Article of the Constitution of India has provided for
the office of the Attorney General of India?
LEVEL - 2
1. In the Lok Sabha elections, who among the following can
(a) Article 76 (b) Article 74
order adjournment of poll or countermanding of election
(c) Article 78 (d) Article 77 on the ground of both capturing?
17. The Solicitor General of India Provides assistance to the: (a) Chief Election Commissioner
(a) Union Law Secretary (b) Chief Justice of India (b) Election Commission of India
(c) Union of Minister (d) Attorney General of India (c) Chief Electoral Officer of the State
18. Which Article of the Constitution of India provided for the (d) Returning officer of the Constituency
office of the Advocate General of the States?
2. An Election Commissioner shall not be removed from office
(a) Article 163 (b) Article 168 except on the recommendation of the:
(c) Article 165 (d) Article 169 (a) President
19. The Attorney General of India is appointed by (b) Supreme court
(a) the president of India (b) the prime Minister (c) Chief Election Commissioner
(c) the chief Justice of India(d) the UPSC (d) Law Minister
20. Who among the following makes appointments to “All India 3. Which of the following statements is not true?
services”
(a) A member of the Union public service commission
(a) the president of India (b) Parliament (UPSC) holds office for a term of six years or until he attains
(c) The council Ministers (d) The UPSC the age of 65 years.
21. Which Constitution Article lays down the provision for a
National Commission for SC and ST?

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(b) the Chairperson of UPSC is not eligible for further (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
employment under the Government of India or (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Government of any state after retirement.
11. Which one of the following is a Constitutional Body?
(c) One half of the members of the UPSC should be persons
(a) National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
who have held office for at least 10 years either under
Government of India or Government of State. (b) National commission for Minorities
(d) The Chairperson and other members of the UPSC are (c) National Commission for NITI Aayog
appointed by the Prime Minister. (d) Planning Commission
4. Which of the following does not concern the Union Public 12. Which one of the following statements is not correct with
service Commission? regard to the comptroller and Auditor General of India
(a) Recruitment (b) Classification of Services (CAG)?
(c) Disciplinary matters (d) Promotion (a) The CAG has been awarded a fully independent status
5. In terms of constitutional status, the Union Public service (b) The CAG can only be removed on the recommendation
Commission is: of the President.
(a) An Advisory Body (c) The Salary and emoluments of the CAG are charged on
the Consolidated Fund of India.
(b) A Grievance Redressal Body
(d) The tenure of CAG is fixed for six years.
(c) A body incharge of directing recruitment at state level
13. Who is the first Law officer of the Government of India?
(d) A body which supervises training of civil servants
(a) Chief Justice of India (b) Union Law Minister
6. A member of the State Public Service commission can be
removed on the ground of misbehavior only after an (c) Attorney General of India (d) Law Secretary
inquiry has been held by: 14. Who among the following can attend the meeting of both
(a) A Joint Parliamentary Committee Houses of Parliament while being not a member of either of
the Houses?
(b) The Supreme Court of India
(a) Solicitor –General of India
(c) The High court of the concerned State
(b) Vice-President of India
(d) A Committee Constituted by the Governor of the State
(c) Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
7. Consider the following statements with regard to the
Finance Commission cover a period of five years (d) Attorney General of India
1. The recommendations of the Finance Commission cover 15. The Advocate General of a state enjoys all the privileges
a period of five years and immunities that are available to:
2. The Report of the Finance Commission is submitted to (a) A member of the State Legislature
the Prime Minister. (b) A member of the Parliament of India
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (c) Governor of the State
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (d) President of India
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 16. What is period of appointment of the Comptroller and
8. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using Auditor – General of India?
the codes given below: (a) 6 years (b) Upto 65 years of age
List –List - II (c) 6 years of 65 years of age whichever is earlier
(Finance commission) (Chairman) (d) Upto 64 years of age
A. First finance commission1. P.V. Rajamannar [SSC (Grad) 2005]
B. Fourth Finance commission 2. K.C. Neogy 17. Which one of the following statements about a state finance
C. Sixth Finance Commission3. Y.B. Chavan commission is true?
D. Eighth Finance Commission 4. Brahamananda Reddy (a) It is an informal body.
9. The National Commission for SCs consists of a chairperson, (b) It is a constitutional body.
a vice-chairperson and: (c) It is an administrative body.
(a) Two other members (b) Three other members (d) None of them
(c) Four other members (d) Five other members [UPPCS 2014]
10. Consider the following Statements: 18. The Chief Election commissioner can be removed in a
1. The National commission for Scheduled Tribes was manner similar to that of
constituted under the constitution (Eighty – ninth (a) the vice – President (b) the Speaker
Amendment) Act. (c) the Governor (d) Judge of the Supreme court
2. The first National commission for Scheduled Tribes was 19. A Delimitation Commission has been constituted in 2002
constituted in 2006. by the
Which of the statement give above is/are correct?

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(a) President of India (b) Parliament
(c) Ministry of Law and Justice
Solutions
(d) Election Commission of India
Level - 1
20. Which of the following are true about Staff Selection
Commission? 1. (c) The election commission consist one Chief election
commissioner & two other election commissioner & they
1. It was set up in 1976.
hold office for six years or till the Age of 65 years. they can
2. It enjoys the status of a sub- ordinate office of Ministry of resign & removed at any time.
Personnel.
2. (c) The election Commission grant recognition to political
3. It was created by cabinet resolution. parties and allot election symbol and prepaite electoral
4. It recruits personal of non – technical class III posts in rolls & Advice the president & Governor on Matters related
the secretariat, the attached office and the sub-ordinate to disqualification of member of parliament state
offices in the central government. legislature respectively.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below. 3. (b) By Article 321, The Parliament has the power to extend
(a) 1,2 and 4 (b) 2,3 and 4 functions of UPSC. UPSC is a watch dog of merit system &
recruit All India services & Central services of Group A & B.
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
4. (d) UPSC Present its Annualy report to President &
21. Now-a-days the Election Commission of Indian uses EVM
President Present it before both the house of Parliament
during the General Election in the Country. What is the full
Parliament can extend powers of UPSC.
form of EVM?
5. (b) UPSC known as federal public service commission
(a) Electronic Voting Machine
before Independence. Arvind saxena is its current head.
(b) Election Validation Machine
6. (b) The Parliamentary Act has power to make a joint public
(c) Electronic Validation Management service commission for two or more states. its a statutory
(d) Early Voting Movement body. first time for Punjab & Hariyana joint commission
22. Area wise, which one of the following is the largest Lok was created in 1966.
sabha Constituency? 7. (d) SPSC submits annual report to Governor & Governor
(a) Kutch (b) Kangra Put it before the state legislative Assembly part XIV under
Article 315 to 323 deals with SPSC.
(c) Laddakh (d) Patna Sahib
8. (c) It is formed on 22 Nov, 1951, under Article 280. It is
23. The first General Election in India on the basis of adult
recommended distribution of revenue between union and
suffrage was held during the year
the states. Recommendations are not binding till Now 5
(a) 1947-48 (b) 1949-50 finance commission have been constitated.
(c) 1951-52 (d) 1953-54 9. (a) Article 280:Finance commission
24. A member of public Service commission can be removed Article 281: Recommendations of finance commission.
from her office under which Article of the constitution?
National Commission for SCs
(a) Article 315 (b) Article 316
10. (c) National commission for SCS is a constitutional body
(c) Article 317 (d) Article 318 created under Article 338 First chairman of it was suraj
25. National political party is one wich receives 6% of the total Bhan in 2004. & Present is Ram Shankar Katheria (5th)
botes polled in 11. (c) In 2004, By 89th constitutional Amendment the NCSCs &
(a ) two or more states (b) the capital city NCSTs are separated & commission present its report to
(c) four or more stares (d) all states president than president place such report before
parliament.
12. (b) There condition of office & services & tenures are
determined by resident tenure is 3 years.
13. (a) Article 338 A deals with IV, CSTS, in part XVI Added By
89th constitutional Amendment Act – 2003.
14. (c) CAG can be removed by president on the basis of a
resolution passed to that effect by the houses of parliament
by special majority on the rounds of proved misbehavior at
in capacity.
15. (a) He acts as a guide, friend, and philosopher of the public
Accounts committee (PAC). PAC founded in 1921. having
22 members 15 from Lok – Sabha & 7 from Rajya Sabha.
16. (a) Article-76: Attorney General for India
Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and advise President

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Article-78: Duties of Prime Minister as respects the
furnishing of information to the President.
Article-77: Conduct of business of the Government of India
17. (d) The Solicitor General of India is subordinate to
the Attorney General for India. He/She is the second law
officer of the country, assists the Attorney General, and is
himself/herself assisted by four Additional Solicitors
General for India. Currently, the Solicitor General of India is
Tushar Mehta
18. (c) Article 165 deals with the Advocate General for the
State and Article 177 deals with the rights of Ministers and
Advocate General as respects the Houses.
The Governor of each State shall appoint a person who is
qualified to be appointed as a Judge of a High Court to
be Advocate General for the State.
19. (a) Article –76: Attorney General of India is the highest law
officer in the country. He is appointed by president the
term of office, procedure & of rounds for his removal is not
fixed In constitution.
20. (a) The president of India appoints the members ofAll India
services, 12 members of Rajya sabha, Governor of states,
chief justice & other Judges of supreme – court of India,
CAG, Chief election commission, Attorney General etc.
21. (c) Article – 338: National Commission for SCs
In 1978, the Govt. set up a Non- statutory multi member
commission for SCS & STs. in 2004 the national commission
for SCs & STs were separated both consist A chairman, a
vice – chairman & 3 members separately.
Article – 338A: National commission for STs
22. (a) NRI (Non – Resident – Indian) Day is celebrating on 9th
January (starting from 2015]. The day commemorates the
return of Mahatma Gandhi from south – Africa to
Ahmedabad on 9 January 1915.
23. (c) As per the article 148, there shall be a Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India who shall be appointed by the
President by warrant under his hand and seal and shall
only be removed from office in like manner and on the like
grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. He is the head of
the Indian audit and Accounts department and known as
the guardian of the public purse of India.
24. (d) A statutory body is the one which derives its power by
the virtue of an act or law passed by the Parliament or the
state assembly. For example, NTCA (National Tiger
Conservation Authority) or the SEBI and National human
rights commission. Constitutional Bodies are those bodies
which are mentioned in the Indian Constitution to run the
government properly. CAG, NCSC, NCST and NCLM are the
constitutional bodies.
25. (c) As per the article 76 attorneys general is the first legal
officer of the govt. and can take part in the proceedings of
the parliament and can speak on a matter but can not cast
the vote.
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LEVEL - 2
1. (b) Election Commission is Permanent & Autonamous
body. It deals with Articlel 324 and introduces in 1950. It
can adjousnment the Poll on the grounds of booth
capturing.
2. (c) The chief election commissioner has security of tenure.
He can be removed by President, the Parliament passed
resolution by Special majority, Grounded are proved
misbehave of In capacity.
3. (d) The UPSC have one chairman & 10 members and they
are appointed and removed by president.
4. (b) UPSC is not concerned with the classification of
services, pay & service conditions,
Cadre management, training etc. These are managed by
department of personnel and Training so UPSE is a
“recruiting Agency”
5. (a) UPSC is a constitutional Advisory body functioning as
central Recruiting body formed on 1st october 1926.
6. (b) SPCS consist a chairman. but does not specity the
strength. They are appointed by the Governor but removed
by President In same manner as member of UPSC After in
equity of supreme court.
7. (a) Finance Commission is a Qnasi – Judicial body,
consisting a chairman with 4 members & they are
appointed by President. And It submit its report to
president & recommendations are made for five years.
8. (a)
Commission Chairman
1st K.C. Negoy
4th P.V. Rajamnnar
6th Brahamananda Reddy
8th Y.V chavav
15th N.K. singh
9. (b) NCSC consists a chairman a vice – chairman & 3 other
members, they are appointed by president by warrant
under his hand & seal with 34 years term of office
10. (a) NCSTs was established By Article 338 – A of
constitutions. By 89th Amendment Act – 2003 first
commission was constituted on 2004 with kunwar singh 95
chairman.
Current chairman is Nand Kumar sai.
11. (a) Constitutional body: is created by Passing a
constitutional amendment bill.
Eg.NCSTs, NCSCs, CAG, UPSC & SPSC, election commission
etc.
statutory Body: set up by law which is Authorised to enact
legislation on behalf of center or state Govt.
Eg. National commission for minorities, National
commission for women, & planning commission etc.
Comptroller and Auditor- General of India
Forty Five
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12. (b) Under Article 148, CAG Constituted As independent time. Now days EVM with voter verified paper Audit trail
office. & He is head of Indian Audit & Accounts Department. (VVPAT) system is using.
He is appointed by president and hold office for 6 years or recommended by Santhanam committee.
up to the Age of 65 years. He can resign is removed by
22. (c) Largest & smallest parliamentary constituency in term
president passed by a resolution In Parliament.
of election are malkajgiri (Andhra – Pradesh) and
Attorney General of India Lakshadweep (Lakshadweep) respectively.
Forty six Largest & smallest parliamentary constituency Areawise
13. (c) Attorney-General for India is the first Law Officer of the are Ladakh (J & K) and Chandni Chowk (Delhi) respectively.
Government of India. He is the Indian government's chief 23. (c) The Indian general election of 1951 – 52, held from 23
legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court October 1951 to 21 February 1952.
of India.
2019’s Indian General election held in seven phases from
The Solicitor General of India is below the Attorney General 11 April 2019 to 19 may 2019 to constitute the 17 th Lok –
for India, who is the second law officer of the country, sabha.
assists the Attorney General, and is himself assisted by
24. (c) Article 317: The President can remove the Chairman or
several Additional Solicitors General of India. The 15th and
any other member of UPSC.
current Attorney General is K. K. Venugopal.
Members are appointed by president, The current
14. (d) The Attorney General for India is the Indian
chairman is Arvind saxena. It is under part XIV from Article
government's chief legal advisor. He is appointed by the
308 to 323.
President of India and holds office during the pleasure of
the President. 25. (c) A party is a national party If following conditions is
fulfilled.
The Attorney General has the right to participate in the
proceedings of the Parliament, though not to vote. (1) It secure 6% of valid votes polled In four or more states
at a general election to the Lok – sabha or to the legislative
Advocate General of the State
assembly.
Forty Seven
(2) If it wins 2% of seats in Lok – sabha.
15. (a) The Advocate General is the highest law officer in the
(3) If it is recognized as a state party in four states.
state. He is responsible to assist the state government in all
its legal matters. He enjoys all the privileges and
immunities that are available to a member of the state
legislature.
16. (c) Articles – 148:Comptroller and Auditor – General of
India (CAG). He is the head of the Indian Audit & Accounts
department. He is appointed by president of India by a
warrant under his seal & hand. His period of office is 6
years or up to the age of 65 years which is earlier.
17. (b) State finance commission: It’s a constitutional body
constituted under article – 243 I. It’s objective to review &
revise the financial position of panchayat raj institutions
and urban local government. It was added by 73rd
Constitutional Amendment Act – 1992.
18. (d) Chief election commission & Judge of supreme court
can be removed by president In a similar manner. They
Both are appointed by president.
19. (b) Delimitation commission or boundary commission of
India’s main task to redraw the boundaries of the various
Assembly & Lok – sabha Constituencies the present
commission has been constituted by parliament under
delimitation act, 2002, based on 2001 census.
20. (c) Staff selection commission/ Subordinate service
commission Current chairman – Ashim Khurana.
It is attached to department of Personnel & training (Do
PT) consisting chairman & Two members & a secretary–
cum-controller of examinations. it established on 26
September, 1977.
21. (a) EVM: electronic voting machine.
Since 1998, the election commission using EVMs instead of
ballot boxes.in 2003, All state election & by elections were
held using it. In 2004’s lok–sabha election it was used first

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Chapter –16
Non-Constitutional Bodies

Non – Constitutional Bodies in India Establishment of the Institution of Lokpal at the centre and
(i)Lokpal and lakayukas: -Origin and Development lokayuktas at the level of the states.
In 1809, the Institution of ombudsman was Inaugurated officially Thus providing a uniform vigilance and anti – corruption road –
in Sweden. map for the nation, both at the centre and the states.
After this Finland in 1919, Denmark 1955, Norway in 1962 Lokpal Jurisdiction and Powers
Appointed this system. Jurisdiction of lokpal Includes Prime minister, ministers,
In 1967, Great Britain adopted this and became the first large members of Parliament, Groups A, B, C and D officers and officials
nation in the democratic world to have such a system. of central Government.
In India, the concept of constitutional ombudsman was first It has the powers to superintendence over, and to give direction
proposed by the then law minister Ashok kumarsen in to CBI.
parliament in the 1960. Note: -The Lockpal does not have jurisdiction over ministers and
The term Lakpal and lokayukta were coined by Dr. L.M. Singhvi. MPs in the matter of Anything said in Parliament.
Term which originated in Sweden. Lokayukta
In India, the word is derived from the Sanskrit word “Lok” The lokayukta Appointed in Various states of India, as Follows: -
(people) and “ Pala” (Protector) or caretaker of People. States Establishment Year
In 1968, lokpal bill was passed in loksabha but lapsed with the (i)Odisha 1970
dissolution of loksabha and since then it has lapsed in the (ii)Maharashtra 1971
loksabha many times.
(iii)Rajasthan 1973
In 2005, the second administrative Reforms commission chaired
(iv)Bihar 1974
by “veerappamoliy”. or recommended that the office of lokpal
should be established without delay. (v) Uttar Pradesh 1975
In 2011, the government formed a Group of ministers, chaired by (vi)Madhya Pradesh 1981
pranab Mukherjee to suggest measures to tackle corruption and (vii)Andhra Pradesh 1983
examine the proposal of a lokpal Bill. (viii)Himachal Pradesh 1983
India Against Corruption Movement” led by “Anna Hazare put (ix)Karnataka 1985
pressure on the United progressive Alliance (UPA) Government
(x)Gujarat 1986
at the Centre and resulted in the Passing of the Lokpal and
Lokayuktas Bill, 2013 in both the Houses of Parliament. (xi)Punjab 1995
It received assent from president on 1 January 2014 and come Note: -Although the first Lokayukta was enacted by the odisha in
into force on 16 January 2014. 1970, But the first state was maharashtra, which established the
lokayukta.
Members: - The lokpal consists of a chairperson and maximum of
eight members- National Human Rights Commission
4- Judicial members On December, 10, 1948, the universal Declaration of Human
Rights took place in the Union national organization (UNO).
4- Shall be from SC, ST, OBC, minorities and woman.
Since then, December 10 is celebrated as Human Rights Day.
The selection of chairperson and members of lokpal shall be
through a selection committee The National Human Rights Commission is a Statutory body
established in 1993 Under the “Protection of Human Rights Act
Members of selection committee: -
1993”. enacted by the parliament.
(i)Prime minister
Composition: -
(ii)Speaker of Lok sabha
The Commission Consists of: -
(iii)Leader of opposition in the loksabha
A chairman = who has been a chief justice of the supreme court.
(iv)Chief Justice of India (CJI) or siting supreme court Judge
One member = Who is or has been a Judge of the Supreme court.
nominated by CJI.
One member = who is or has been chief Judge of the High court.
An eminent jurist to be nominated by the president of India.
Two members = To be appointed from amongst persons having
The chairperson and every members shall, on the
knowledge of Practical experience in matters relating to human
recommendation of the selection committee be appointed by the
rights.
president by warrant under his hand and seal.
In addition to this, there will be for ex – offico members of the
Tenure: - 5 years from the date on which he enters his office or
commission, who are the chairperson of the National commission
until he attains the age of 70 years.

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for minorities, National commission for the scheduled castes,
scheduled tribes an national commission for women.
Appointment = The chairperson and member ofthe NHRC are
appointed by president of India, on the recommendation of a
committee consisting of 6 members
(i)The prime minister (Chairperson)
(ii)The Home minister
(iii)The leader of the opposition in the loksabha.
(iv)The leader of the opposition in Raja sabha.
(v)The Speaker of Lok sabha
(vi)The Deputy Chairman of Rajya sabha.
Term of NHRC = 5 year for the date on which he enters his office
or until he attains the age of 70 years.
Members are not eligible for reappointment.
Functions of the commission: -
Proactively or reactively inquire into violations of government of
India human rights or negligence in the prevention of such
violation by a public servant.
by leave of the court, to Intervene in court proceeding relating to
human rights.
Make recommendations about granting relief to the victims and
their families.
Review the safeguards provided by under the constitution or any
law for the time being in force for the protection of human rights
and recommend measures for their effective implementation.
Review the factors including acts of terrorism that inhibit the
enjoyment of human rights and recommend appropriate
remedial measures.
To study treaties and other international Instrument on human
rights and make recommendations for their effective
implementation
Undertake and promote research in the field of human Rights.
Engage in human rights education among various sections of
society and promote awareness of the safeguards available for
the protection of these rights through publications, the media,
seminars and other available means
Encourage the efforts of NGOs and Institutions congress to
working in the field of human rights .
Such other functionas it may consider if necessary for the
protection of human rights.
Requisitioning any public record or copy there of from any court
of office.
National Commission for women
Establishment= 31 January 1992
The first commission was constituted on 31st January 1992 with
mrs. Jayanti Patnaik as the chairperson.
Composition = The commission is a multi – member body that
consists of A chairperson and five members to be nominated by
the central government.
One member – secretary to be nominated by the central
Government.
Term of office = three years
They can relinquish their office at any time by addressing their
resignation to the central Government.
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Function of the Commission: -
Reviewing the constitution and legal safeguards of women.
Recommending the rapeutic legislative measures.
To facilitate troubleshooting complaints or
Advising the government in cases related to Polices affecting
women.
Planning Commission
The planning commission was established in 1946 by the
Government of India on the recommendation of the Advisory
planning Board constituted under the chair menship of K.C.
Niyogi on 15th March, 1950 by an Executive proposal.
First chairman of the planing commission was Jawahrlal Nehru
and vice Chairman was Guljarilal Nanda
At present the NITI AAYOG has been established in placed of the
planning commission.
NITI AAYOG (National Institution for transforming India)
On 1st January, 2015, the Government of India replaced the 64
year old planning commission (Yojana Aayog). through the
cabinet resolution.
The objective of the NITIAoyog is “to provide a critical directional
and strategic participation into the developmental process.”
Structure of NITI Aayog
Chairperson: - The prime minister
Vice chairperson: - To be Appointed by the PM.
Chief Executive officer: - Appointed by the PM.
Governing council: - Comprising the chief ministers of all states
and lieutenant Governors of UTS.
Ex –officio members: -Maximum of 4 members of the union
council of ministers to be nominated by the PM.
Members: - Full time
Part time members: - Maximum of 2 from leading Universities,
research, organizations and other relevant Institution in an ex-
officio capacity.
Part time members will be on a rotational basis.
Experts, specialists and practitioners with relevant Domain
knowledge as special Invitees nominated by the PM.
Regional Council: -
It will be formed to address specific Issues and contingencies
impacting More than one state or a region for a specified tenure.
It will be convened by the prime minister and will comprise the
chief ministers of state and if Governors of union.
It will be chaired by the chairperson of the Aoyog or his nominee.
Niti Aayog Working as a think tank of India.
Central vigilance Commission
The Central Vigilance commission was set up by the government
in February, 1964 on the recommendations of the committee on
prevention corruption, headed by Shri K Santhanan, to advise and
guide central Government agencies in the filed of vigilance.
Appointment of Commission
One chief vigilance commissioner and two other member’s are
appointed by the President after obtaining the recommendation
of a committee consisting –
Members of committee –
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(i) The Prime Minister - Chairperson
(ii) The Home Minister
(iii) The leader of opposition in the Lok Sabha.
Removal of Commission: - By the President on the ground of
proved misbehavior or incapacity after the supreme court on a
reference made to it by the President.
Functions of Commission
Exercise superintendence over the functioning of the Delhi
Special Police Establishment (DSPE) (which is part of central
bureau of investigation) in so far as it so relates to the
investigation of offences under the prevention of corruption Act,
1998.
Give direction to the DSPE for the purpose of discharging the
responsibility entrusted to it under the DSPE Act 1946
To inquire or cause on inquiry or investigation to be made on a
reference by the Central Government
To exercise superintendence over the vigilance administration in
the ministries of the Central Government.
Central Information Commission
It was constituted through an official Gazette Notification under
the Provisions of RTI Act, 2005.
Composition: -The Commission Consists of Chief Information
commissioner and not more then 10 information commissioners.
Appointment – by President on the recommendation of the
committee consisting of Prime Minister as Chairperson, leader of
opposition in Lok Sabha and Union cabinet minister nominated
by PM.
Term – The information Commissioner hold office for a term of 5
years or until they attain age of 65 years whichever is earlier.
Power and Function –While doing inquiry, the Commission has
the power of Civil Court.
The Commission can order inquiry into any matter, if there are
reasonable grounds (suo-moto power).
The Commission submits an annual report to in case of Central
Information Commission to Central Government and in case of
State Information Commission to State Government.
It is duty of Commission to receive and enquire into a complaint
from any person.
(i) Who has not been able to submit an information request
because of non appointment of Public Information Officer.
(ii) Who has been refused information that was requested.
(iii) Who thinks information give is incomplete or false or
misleading.
(iv) Who thinks fee charged are unreasonable.
(v) Who does not receive response within the specific time limits.
State Information Commission
It is same as Central Information Commission.
Its Committee consists of Chief Minister as Chairperson, leader of
opposition in legislative assembly and State Cabinet Minister
nominated by CM.
National Commission for Minorities
The setting up of minorities Commission was envisaged in the
ministry of Home Affairs Resolution in 1978.
The minorities Commission was set up in 1978 through executive
resolution.
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With the enactment of the NCM Act, 1992, the minorities
Commission was renamed as “National Commission for
Minorities” and the first Statutory Commission was constituted in
1993.
Composition – It is multi-member body consisting of a
chairperson, a vice-chairperson and five members.
Nomination – by the central Government
Term – 3 years
Functions
To evaluate the progress of the development of minorities under
union and States.
To monitor the working of safeguards for minorities provided in
the constitution and in laws enacted by the Parliament and the
State legislatures.
To make Periodical or special reports to the Central Government
or any matter pertaining to minorities and in particular the
difficulties conformed by them.
Note (i) By issuing notification on October 23, 1993, Five
religious Communities were included in the minority Community
by the Indian Government they are: -
(i) Muslims (ii) Sikh (iii) Christians (iv) Budhists (v) Zoroastrians
(Parsis)
(ii) Jainism has also been included in the minority community by
the Government of India on January 27, 2014.
Thus, the number of minority Community is currently six.
LEVEL - 1
1. The institution of Lokayuka was created for the first time by
the state of
(a) Odisha (b) Bihar
(c) Punjab (d) Maharashtra
2 CBI academy is located in
(a) New Delhi (b) Hyderabad
(c) Ghaziabad (d) Ahmedabad
3. Who among the following can be the Chairperson of the
National Human Rights Commission?
(a) Only a retired Chief Justice of a High Court
(b) Only a retired Chie Justice of India
(c) Any serving Judge of the High Court
(d) Any serving Judge of the Supreme Court
4. Which of the following provided for the establishment of
the National Human Rights Commission?
(a) A resolution of the Parliament
(b) An order of the Supreme Court
(c) A resolution of the Union Cabinet
(d) An Act of the Parliament
5. The Chairperson of a State Human Right Commission can be
removed by the:
(a) Governor of the state (b) President of India
(c) Parliament of India (d) State Legislature
6. A state Human Rights Commission submits its annual
report to the:
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(a) State Legislature (b) Governor of the state 17. The central Bureau of Investigation comes under the
(c) State Government (d) High Court of the State administrative control of the:
7. The salary, allowances and other service conditions of the (a) Ministry of Home Affairs (b) Cabinet secretariat
Chief Information Commission are similar to those of: (c) Prime Minister’s office (d) Ministry of personnel
(a) A judge of the Supreme Court 18. Which of the following committees/Reports recommended
(b) The chairman of the UPSC of the establishment of the central Bureau of Investigation?
(c) The Chief Election Commissioner (a) Santhanam Committee
(d) The central Vigilance commissioner (b) Administrative Reforms commission
8. The central Information commission was established in: (c) P.H. Appleby Report
(a) 2000 (b) 2002 (d) A.D. Gorwala Report
(c) 2005 (d) 2006 19. The Institution of Ombudsman was first introduced in:
9. The Central Information commission consists of a Chief (a) New Zealand (b) Norway
Information Commissioner and not more than: (c) Finland (d) Sweden
(a) Five Information Commissioners 20. Which one of the following committees recommended the
(b) Ten Information Commissioners establishment of the institutions of Lokpal and Lokayukta?
(c) Six Information Commissioners (a) Gorwala Committee
(d) Eight Information commissioners (b) Appleby Committee
10. What is the term of office of the chief Information (c) Administrative Reforms Commission
Commissioner and an Information Commissioner? (d) Ashok Mehta Committee
(a) 4 years (b) 5 years 21. The Lokayukta and Uplokayuktas Act was first passed in:
(c) 6 years (d) Not fixed (a) Maharashtra (b) West Bengal
11. The State Information commission submits its annual (c) Karnataka (d) Odisha.
report to the: 22. Lokpal and Lokayakta Bill deal with which amendment of
(a) Governor of the State (b) High Court of the State constitution
(c) State Legislature (d) State Government (a) 110th Amendment (b) 116th Amendment
12. Who of the following is not a part of the committee that (c) 109th Amendment (d) 114th Amendment
recommends the appointment of the state chief Information
commissioner and the state information commissioners?
23. Who was the first the first Woman Chief Information
(a) A judge of the state High Court Commissioner of India?
(b) The chief Minister (a) Sudhir Bhargava (b) Ranganath Misra
(c) A state cabinet Minister nominated by he Chief Minister (c) Deepak Sandhu. (d) Nittoor Srinivasa Rau
(d) The leader of Opposition in the State Legislative 24. Who was the first chief information commissioner of India?
Assembly
(a) Wajahat Habibullah (b) Nittoor Srinivasa Rau
13. The state chief information commissioner holds office for:
(c) Ranganath Misra (d) None of these
(a) 5 years or until the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
25. Who was the first chairman of the NITi Aayog?
(b) 5 years or until the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
(a) Pt. JL Nehru (b) Narendra Modi
(c) 6 years or until the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
(c) Amitabh Kant (d) Rajiv Kumar
(d) 6 years or until the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
14. The Central Vigilance commission was established on the
recommendation of
(a) Administrative Reforms Commission
(b) National Development Council
(c) Committee on Prevention of Corruption
(d) Law Commission
15. The parliament enacted a law conferring statutory status on
the central vigilance commission in:
(a) 2000 (b) 2002
(c) 2003 (d) 2005
16. The central Bureau of Investigation was set-up in:
(a) 1962 (b) 1963
(c) 1964 (d) 1965

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2. It doesn’t exercise superintendence over the functioning
LEVEL - 2 of CBI.
1. Which of the following body’s does not/do not find mention 3. It is set up by an executive resolution of the Government
in the constitution? of India.
1. National Development Council It consists of a chairman and 3-members
2. Planning Commission Select the correct answer using the codes given below
3. Zonal Councils (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
Select the correct answer using the codes given below (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 8. which of the following are true about Central Vigilance
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these Commission?
2. Delimitation of constituencies and determination of 1. It was set up in 1964.
constituencies reserved for SCs and STs are done by 2. It is statutory body.
[CDS 2012]
3. Its functions are advisory in the same sense as those of
(a) Election Commission UPSC.
(b) Delimitation Commission 4. Its mode of receiving complaints is similar to that of
(c) Planning Commission Parliamentary Commissioner for administration in UK.
(d) Election Commission with the assistance of Delimitation Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Commission (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
3. The Zonal councils have been established by (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
(a) Article 263 of the Constitution 9. Which of the following are true about the Central
(b) State Re-ortganisation Act Administrative Tribunal?
(c) Zonal Council Act 1. It was established under the Provision of Constitution.
(d) An order of the President of India 2. It was set up Presidential order.
4. Which of the following is not correctly matched? 3. It was set up in 1985.
(a) Central Bureau of Investigation – 1963 4. It was set up by an Act of Parliament.
(b) Special Police Establishment – 1942 (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) Prevention of Corruption Act – 1947 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
(d) Central Vigilance Commission - 1964 10. The planning commission of India has been constituted
5. The Position of Pre-eminence, according to Planning [CDS 2013]
Commission, is inconsistent with the conception of a (a) under constitutional provision with specific mention for
Cabinet form of Government”. The above statement is it
associated with (b) through an act of Parliament
(a) Ashok Chanda (c) through a Cabinet division in this regard
(b) K Santhanam (d) through constitutional amendment.
(c) Estimate Committee 11. Planning Commission was set up on the recommendation of
(d) Administrative Reforms Commission (a) National Planning Commission
6. Which of the following were the objectives of the National (b) Gorwala Report
Development Council?
(c) Planning Advisory Board
1. To Promote common economic Policies in all vital
(d) Constituent Assembly
spheres.
12. Central Administrative tribunal deals with
2. To secure the cooperation of states in the executive of the
plan. (a) Recruitment matters (b) Promotion matters
3. To review the working of the plan from time to time. (c) Disciplinary matters
4. To consider important questions of social and economic (d) Recruitment and all service matters
policy affecting development. 13. While appointing a Lokayukta, the Governor is most of the
Select the correct answer using the codes given below states consults
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 1. President of India
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
7. Which of the following are true of Central Vigilance 3. Leader of the opposition in the Legislative Assembly
Commission? 4. Chief justice of State High Court
1. It was set up the recommendation of Santhanam 5. Leader of the opposition in the Legislative Council
Committee. (a) 1, 4 and 5 (b) 1, 2 and 4

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(c) 3, 4 and 5 (d) 3 and 4 (a) 16.1.2014 (b) 17.12.2013
14. First Lokpal Bill was introduced in the Parliament in (c) 18.12.2013
(a) 1971 (b) 1967 (d) none of the above mention date
(c) 1968 (d) 1972 22. Who is the first lokpalp of India?
15. The institution of Lokpal is created on the pattern derived (a) Pinaki chandra gosh. (b) Sharad kumar
from which of the following country (c)K K venugopal (d) Raghuram Rajan
(a) USA (b) New Zealand 23. Who was the first lokayukta of the Rajasthan?
(c) Australia (d) UK(e) (a) Sajjan Singh kothari (b) I.D. Dua
16. The number of members in State Information Commission (c) P C Gosh (d) None of the above
including state Chief Information Commission is
24. Who was the first Central vigilance commissioner?
(a) 10 (b) 11
(a) Sharad kumar (b) Nittoor Srinivasa Rau
(c) 15 (d) 17
(c) K K venugopalan (d) None of these
17. Consider the following statement
25. Who was the first chairman of the national human rights
1. The Chief Information Commission and the Information commission?
Commissione are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of a committee consisting of the Prime (a) Justice H. L. Dattu, (b) Ranganath Misra
Minister a Chairperson, the leader of opposition in the Lok (c) Nittoor Srinivasa Rau (d) none of these
Sabha and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by PM
2. The CIC and IC hold office for a terr of 5 years or until
they attain the agent of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
Choose the correct option.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
18. Regarding NHRC, choose the incorrect statement
(a) The chairman and members hold office for a term of 5
years or until they attain the age of 70 years.
(b) President can remove the chairman and members.
(c) The commission is a multimember body consisting of
chairman and five members.
(d) The chairman should be retired Chief Justice of India.
19. With reference to Lok Adalats, which one among the
following statements is correct?[CDS 2012]
(a) Lok Adalats have the jurisdiction 10 settle the the
matters at prelitigative state and not those matters pending
before any Court
(b) Lok Adalats can deal with matters which are civil and
not criminal in nature
(c) Lok Adalats has not been given any statutory status so
far
(d) No appeal lies in a Civil Court against the order of the
Lok Adalats
20. Which of the following is/are not the recommendations of
the ARC regarding the lokayukta and lokpal?
1. They should be demonstratively independent and
impartial
2. Their appointment should be, as far as possible, non-
political.
3. Their proceedings should not be subject to judicial
interference
Chose the correct option given above
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) all of them
21. When was the lokpal bill came into force?

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Solutions
Level - 1
1. (d) Maharashtra established Lokayakta in 1971. It’s
structure is not same in all states. He is Appointed By
Governor and his tenure is of 5 years duration or 65 years
of age which is earlier.
2. (c) CBI Academy is in Ghaziabad. CBI was set In 1963 by
ministry of Home affairs &
3. (b) Only a retired chief Justice of High court can be the chair
person of the NHRC. The chairman and members of NHRC
are appointed on the Recommendations of committee
consisting of.
(1) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(2) Deputy Chairman of the Rajy “Sabha
(3) Leader of the opposition in the Rajya Sabha and Lok
Sabha
(4) Prime minister
(5) Union home minister
4. (d) NHRC of India was established on Oct 1993. NHRC is a
statutory body. NHRC consists of chairman and 7 members,
RanganathMisra was the first chairman of the NHRC.
Present chairman – H.L. Dattu.
5. (b) Removal is done by president
1. If he is adjudged on insolvent or
2. If he engages during his tenure of office in any paid
employment outside the duties of his office; or.
3. If he is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a
competent court/or.
4. If he is convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for on
office.
6. (c) The commission submits its annual or special reports to
the state government. There reports are laid before the
state legislature Along with a memorandum of action taken
on the recommendations of the commission and the
reasons for non- acceptance of any of such
recommendations.
7. (c) The salary, allowances and other service conditions of
the chief Information commissioner are similar to those of
the chief election commissioner and that of the Information
commissioner are similar to those of an election
commissioner but they cannot be variety to his
disadvantage during service.
8. (c) The central information commission was established by
the central Government in 2005. It was constituted through
an official Gazette Notification under the provision of the
Right to Information Act (2005). it is not a constitutional
body. But is a statuary body.
First Chairman –Wajahat Habibullah
Present chairman – Sudhir Bhargava
9. (b) The commission consists of a chief information
commissioner and not more than ten information
commissioners. They are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of a committee consisting of the prime
minister as chairperson, the leader of opposition in the Lok
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Sabha a union cabinet minister nominated by prime
minister.
10. (b) The chief Information commissioner and an
Information commissioner hold office for a term of 5 years
or until they attain the age of 65 years. Whichever is earlier
they are not eligible for reappointment.
11. (d) The commission submits an annual report to the state
Government on the implementation of the provisions of this
Act. The state Government places this report before the
state legislative.
12. (a) State chief information commissioner and state
Information commission are appointed by the Governor on
the recommendation of a committee consisting of
(1) The chief minister as chairperson
(2) The leader of opposition in the legislative Assembly
(3) State cabinet minister nominated by the chief minister.
13. (a) The state chief Information commissioner and a state
information commissioner hold office for a term of 5 year
or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
They are not eligible for reappointment.
14. (c) CVC was established in 1964 by an executive resolution
of the central govt. Its establishment by the Santarem
committee on prevention of corruption (1962 – 64)
First CVC commissioner –Nittoor Srinivasa Rau
Present CVC – Sharad Kumar
15. (c) CVC is the main agency for preventing corruption in
central Government It was established in 1964 by an
exceptive resolution of the central government. Its
establishment was recommended by the santhannam
committee on prevention of corruption. later in 2003, the
parliament enacted a law conferring statutory states on the
CVC.
16. (b) The CBI was set up in 1963 by a resolution of the
ministry of Home affairs later, it was transferred to the
ministry of personal and how it enjoys the stats of an
attached office. the special policeestablishments which
looked into vigilance cases setup in 1941 was also merged
with the CBI
CBI Not a statutory body. It derives its power from the Delhi
special police establishment Act, 1946.
17. (d) The CBI was setup in 1963 by a resolution of the
ministry of home Affairs later it was transferred to the
ministry personnel.
18. (a) The establishment of the CBI recommended by the
santhanam committee on prevention of corruption (1962 –
1964)
19. (d) The institution of ombudsman was first created in
Sweden in 1809 “ombid” is a Swedish term refers to a
person who acts as the representative or spokesman of
another person.
India’s first Lokpal is pinaki Chandra Ghose
20. (c) The administrative Reforms commission (ARC) of India
(1966 -70) recommended the setting up of two special
authorities designated as lokpal and lokayukta for the
redressed of citizens grievances.
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21. (d) The invitation of lokayukta was established first in
Maharashtra in 1971 although odisha had passed the Act in
this regard in 1970. It comes into force only in 1983.
22. (b) The concept of lokagukta & Lokpal is taken from
Scandinavian Institution of ombudsman. & Deals with 116
Amendment Bill – 2011 came in force from 16 January
2014.
23. (c) The first Chief Information Commissioner of India was
Wajahat Habibullah. First woman Chief Information
Commissioner was Deepak Sandhu. The present Chief
Information Commissioner of India is Sudhir Bhargava.
Nittoor Srinivasa Rau, was selected as the first Chief
Vigilance Commissioner of India, Justice Ranganath Misra
served as 21st Chief Justice of India was the first chairman
of the National Human Rights Commission
24. (a) The first Chief Information Commissioner of India was
Wajahat Habibullah. First woman Chief Information
Commissioner was Deepak Sandhu. The present Chief
Information Commissioner of India is Sudhir Bhargava.
Nittoor Srinivasa Rau, was selected as the first Chief
Vigilance Commissioner of India, Justice Ranganath Misra
served as 21st Chief Justice of India was the first chairman
of the National Human Rights Commission
25. (b) Pt. JL Nehru was the first chairman of the planning
commission while Narendra Modi is the first and current
chairman of the NITI Aayog. Amitabh kant and Rajiv Kumar
are the CEO and vice chairman of the NITI aayog
respectively.
Level - 2
1. (d) Statutory body or authority means a non-constitutional
body which is set up by a parliament. Statutory bodies are
authorized to pass the law and take the decision on the
behalf of state or country.
2. (b) The main task of the commission is redrawing the
boundaries of the various assembly and Lok Sabha
constituencies based on a recent census. The
representation from each State is not changed during this
exercise. However, the number of SC and ST seats in a state
are changed in accordance with the census. The present
delimitation of constituencies has been done on the basis of
2001 census under the provisions of Delimitation Act,
2002. It comes under article 82 of Indian constitution.
3. (b) Zonal Councils are advisory councils and are made up of
the states of India that have been grouped into five zones to
foster cooperation among them. These were set up vide
Part-III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
Article 263 is related to the Provisions with respect to an
inter-State Council.
4. (b) The Central Bureau of Investigation traces its origin to
the Special Police Establishment (SPE) which was set up in
1941 by the Government of India.
The Central Bureau of Investigation was established in
1963.
Prevention of corruption act was established in 1947.
Central vigilance commission was established in 1964.
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5. (a) The planning commission is described as the economic
cabinet by ashok chanda. The Santhanam committee is
credited with the creation of the CENTRAL VIGILANCE
COMMISSION in 1964 which was conferred statutory status
in 2003. The Administrative Reforms Commission or ARC is
the committee appointed by the Government of India for
giving recommendations for reviewing the public
administration system of India. The first ARC was
established on 5 January 1966.
6. (a) The prime function of the National Development
Council is to act as a bridge between the Union government,
Planning Commission and the State Governments. It is a
forum not only for discussion of plans and programmes but
also social and economic matters of national importance
are discussed in this forum before policy formulation.
7. (c) It was set up by the Government of India Resolution on
11 February 1964, on the recommendations of the
Committee on Prevention of Corruption, headed by Shri K.
Santhanam Committee, to advise and guide Central
Government agencies in the field of vigilance. Nittoor
Srinivasa Rau, was selected as the first CVC, and present
CVC is sharad kumar. CBI is assisting it.
8. (c) It was set up by the Government of India Resolution on
11 February 1964, on the recommendations of the
Committee on Prevention of Corruption, headed by Shri K.
Santhanam Committee, to advise and guide Central
Government agencies in the field of vigilance. Nittoor
Srinivasa Rau, was selected as the first CVC, and present
CVC is sharad kumar. CBI is assisting it.
9. (c) The Central Administrative Tribunal had been
established under Article 323 - A of the Constitution for
adjudication of disputes and complaints with respect to
recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed
to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of
the Union or other authorities under the control of the
Government It was set up by administrative tribunal act,
1985.
10. (c) After India achieved independence, a formal model of
planning was adopted, and accordingly the Planning
Commission, reporting directly to the Prime Minister of
India, was established on 15 March 1950, with Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the Chairman. Authority for
creation of the Planning Commission was not derived from
the Constitution of India or statute; it is an arm of the
Central Government of India through cabinet division.
11. (c) The planning commission was set up o the
recommendations of the planning advisory body, now
planning commission is scraped and It replaced by a new
institution named NITI Aayog in 2014.
12. (d) The Central Administrative Tribunal had been
established under Article 323 - A of the Constitution for
adjudication of disputes and complaints with respect to
recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed
to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of
the Union or other authorities under the control of the
Government.
13. (d) The lokayukta and upalokayukta are appointed by the
governor of the state. While appointing, the governor in
most of the states consults (a) the chief justice of the state
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high court, and (b) the leader of Opposition in the state 2. Their appointment should be, as far as possible, non-
legislative assembly political.
14. (c) The Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) of India 3. Their status should compare with the highest judicial
(1966–1970) recommended the setting up of two special functionaries in the country.
authorities designated as ‘Lokpal’ and ‘lokayukta’ for the 4. They should deal with matters in the discretionary field
redressal of citizens’ grievances. In May 1968 first time involving acts of injustice, corruption or favouritism.
introduced by the Congress Government headed by Indira
5. Their proceedings should not be subject to judicial
Gandhi. The Act has been brought into force with effect
interference.
from 16th January, 2014.
21. (a) The lokpal Bill has been finally passed by Rajya Sabha
15. (d) The institutions of lokpal and lokayukta were to be set
with amendments on 17.12.2013 and the Lok Sabha has
up on the pattern of the institution of Ombudsman in
agreed to the amendments made by Rajya Sabha on
Scandinavian countries and the parliamentary
18.12.2013. The Bill as passed by both Houses has received
commissioner for investigation in New Zealand. The ARC
the assent of the President on 01.01.2014. The Act has been
kept the judiciary outside the purview of Lokpal and
brought into force with effect from 16th January, 2014. The
lokayukta as in New Zealand. But, in Sweden the judiciary is
present and first lokpal of India is Pinaki chandra gosh.
within the purview of Ombudsman.
22. (a) Pinaki chandra gosh is first and current lokpal of the
16. (b) The central information Commission includes 1 Chief
India, Sharad Kumar is the current CVC, and K K
Information Commissioner (CIC) and not more than 10
venugopalan is current Attorney General of India while
Information Commissioners (IC) who are appointed by the
Raghuram Rajan was the former RBI Governor.
President of India. The first Chief Information
Commissioner of India was Wajahat Habibullah. The 23. (b)
present Chief Information Commissioner of India is Sudhir In 1973, Rajasthan Lokayukta and the Up-Lokayukta's
Bhargava. like wise state information commission also Ordinance was passed, which came into force on February
have 11 members including the chief information 3, 1973. On March 26, 1973 it received the acceptance of
commissioner. Governor, and since then it is as effective in the state in the
17. (c) CIC and members are appointed by the President of form of this Act. Then, Justice I.D. Dua became the first
India on the recommendation of a committee consisting Lokayuktaa of Rajasthan. Sajjan singh kothari was also the
of—Prime Minister as Chairperson, the Leader of Lokayukta of Rajasthan.
Opposition in the Lok Sabha; a Union Cabinet Minister to be 24. (b) Nittoor Srinivasa Rau, was selected as the first Chief
nominated by the Prime Minister. There are two woman Vigilance Commissioner of India. and sharad kumar is the
who became CIC till now first is Ms Deepak Sandhu (4th current CVC, K K Venugopalan is the current Attorney
CIC) and Second Ms Sushma Singh (5th CIC) and there term general of India.
of office is 5 year or 65 years age which ever is earlier. 25. (b) Justice Ranganath Misra served as 21st Chief Justice of
18. (c) The NHRC consists of: India was the first chairman of the National Human Rights
A Chairperson, should be retired [judge of the Supreme Commission and justice H L Dattu is the current chairman
Court] of it, while Nittoor Srinivasa Rau, was selected as the first
Chief Vigilance Commissioner of India.
One member who is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme
Court of India
One member who is, or has been, the Chief Justice of a High
Court
Two members to be appointed from among persons having
knowledge of, or practical experience in, matters relating to
human rights, one of which is to be a woman.
In addition, the Chairpersons of four National Commissions
(Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Women and
Minorities) serve as ex officio members.
19. (d) Lok Adalat is one of the Alternative dispute resolution
mechanisms in India, it is a forum where cases pending on
achu or at pre litigation stage in a court of law are settled.
They have been given statutory status under the Legal
Services Authorities Act, 1987.The first lok adalat was held
in Gujarat in 1982 and first time held in Chennai in 1986.
And no one go against the order of lok adalat in the civil
court.
20. (d) The ARC also recommended that the institutions of
Lokpal and lokayukta should have the following features:
1. They should be demonstratively independent and
impartial.

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 C L A S S E S

Indian
Polity

ª Detailed Theory of Polity Rajasthan

ª Practical Questions with Solutions AIR-24

SSC (CGL)-2011

SSC
CDS
Raja Sir
Director BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Indian Polity & Constitution

1. A federal structure for India was first put forward by the: - 27th December, 1911 in Calcutta
- Act of 1935 (SSC CPO SI. 06.09.2009)
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) 22. The Constitution of India came into force on
2. The excersize that most profound influence in framing the - 26 January, 1950
Indian Constitution? - The Government of India Act, 1935 (SSC CPO SI. 06.09.2009)
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) 23. The term ‘Caste’ was derived from - Portuguese
3. How does the Constitution of India describe India as? (SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010)
- A Union of States 24. The term “Greater India” denotes - Cultural unity
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) (SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010)
4. The system of judicial review originated in - U.S.A. 25. The two forms of democracy are
(SSC SO (Audit). 09.09.2001) - Parliamentary and Presidential
5. Preventive detention means– (SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010)
- detention without interrogation 26. The Constitution of India contains
(SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003) - 395 Articles now 448 articles
6. What was the basis for constituting the Constituent (SSC Investigator. 12.09.2010)
Assembly of India? - The Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946 (SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.06.2011)
(SSC CGL Pre. 08.02.2004) 27. In India, the concept of single citizenship is adopted from
7. From the Constitution of which country the provision of - England
Federation was borrowed while framing the Constitution of (SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.06.2011)
India? - Canada 28. The Drafting of the Constitution was completed on:
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 25.09.2005) - 26th November, 1949
8. The man who was not a member of the Constituent (SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.06.2011)
Assembly established in July 1946 is - Mahatma Gandhi 29. The President of the Constituent Assembly was
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 25.09.2005) - Dr. Rajendra Prasad
9. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution (SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.06.2011)
was - B. R. Ambedkar 30. The method of Impeachment of the President of India is
(SSC Stat. Investigators G–IV. 13.08.2006) adopted from - U.S.A.
10. India is a republic because— (SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.06.2011)
- the head of the state is elected for a definite period 31. The concept of Constitution first originated in - Britain
(SSC Stat. Investigators G–IV. 13.08.2006) (SSC CHSL (PRE)
11. The Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly of . Held on: 24.10.1999
India was - Sir B.N. Rao 32. The provisional President of the Constituent Assembly was
(SSC CPO SI. 03.09.2006) - Dr. Sachchid ananda Sinha
12. Country that is introduce “direct democracy”? (SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
- Switzerland 33. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006) Constitution was - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
13. Who was the President of the Republic of India who (SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
consistently described Indian Secularism as ‘Sarva Dharma 34. Who was the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of
Samabhav’? - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan India? - Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
14. A country which have an Unwritten Constitution - U.K. 35. “Persons may change but rules should not change” is the
(SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006) principle of - Constitutional Government
15. The Constitution of India was adopted on (SSC CHSL (PRE).13.05.2001)
- 26 November, 1949 36. The Constituent Assembly of India was set up under the
(SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006) - Cabinet Mission plan
16. A feature that in both the Indian Federation and the (SSC CHSL (PRE).13.05.2001)
American Federation 37. The two basic principles of the liberal theory of democracy
- A Federal Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution as emphasised by John Locke, are
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007) - Universal Adult Franchise and the Right to Property
17. The constitution of India describes India as (SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
- A Union of States 38. ‘Cabinet system’ and ‘Collective responsibility’ are the
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007) 1 contributions of - Britain
18. The convention that “once a speaker always a speaker” is (SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
followed in - UK 39. Direct Democracy is a system of Government in which
(SSC SO (Audit). 30.11.2008) - People take part directly in the policy making and
19. Indian Penal Code came into operation in - 1862 administration of the country.
(SSC SO (Audit). 30.11.2008) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
20. How many Articles are there in the Indian Constitution? 40. In India legal sovereignty is vested with - the Constitution
- 395 (SSC CHSL (PRE). 16.06.2002)
(SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008) 41. What is meant when the Constitution declares India a
21. When was our National Anthem first sung and where? “Secular State”?

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- The state regards religions as a private affairs of the citizen 62. The method of amending the Constitution by popular veto is
and does not discriminate on this basis found in - Switzerland
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006) (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI &
42. January 26 selected as the date for the inauguration of the DP SI. 22.06.2014)
Constitution, because 63. The inalienable attribute of the parliamentary system of
- the Congress had observed it as the Independence Day in government is - Fusion of Executive and Legislature
1930 (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI &
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006) DP SI. 22.06.2014)
43. The Unitary System of Government possesses advantages 64. The phrase “equality before law” used in Article-14 of
- Strong State Indian Constitution has been borrowed from __ - Britain
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008) (SSC CGL Tier-I Re-. (2013) 0.07.2014),
44. Which is not an element of the State is - Army 65. Democratic Socialism aims at
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008) - bringing about Socialism through democratic means
45. The concept of Sovereign Parliament originated in: (SSC GL Tier-I. 26.10.2014)
- England 66. The judgements stated that ‘Secularism’ and ‘Federalism’
(SSC MTS (Non-Technical). 27.02.2011) are the basic features of the Indian Constitution is
46. Who is considered the Architect of the Indian Constitution? - S.R. Bommai case
- B.R. Ambedkar (SSC CHSL 16.11.2014),
(SSC MTS (Non-Tech.). 27.02.2011) 67. Universal adult franchise shows that India is a country
47. The concurrent list in the Indian Constitution is adopted which is - Democratic
from the Constitution of - Australia (SSC CHSL 16.11.2014)
(SSC CISF Constable (GD). 05.06.2011) 68. The man which is not a member of the Drafting Committee
48. When was the Indian Constitution adopted? of Indian Constitution was - Rajendra Prasad
- 26th November, 1949 (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI, 21.06.2015)
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) 69. Autocracy means ______ - Absolute rule by one
49. The mind and ideals of the framers of Constitution are (SSC CGL Tier-I, 09.08.2015)
reflected in the - Preamble 70. Constitutional Monarchy means:
(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) - The King exercises power granted by constitution
50. Is Presidential form of Government, a feature of Indian (SSC CGL Tier-I, 16.08.2015)
Constitution? ( True/False) False 71. popular sovereignty is - Sovereignty of the people
51. What is the basis of classification of governments as unitary (SSC CGL Tier-I, 16.08.2015)
and federal? - Relationship between the Centre and States 72. The idea of parliamentary form of government is adapted
(SSC FCI Assist. G-III. 11.11.2012) from - UK
52. Indian Constitution is: - Quasi Federal (SSC CHSL 01.11.2015)
(SSC MTS. 10.03.2013) 73. Who proposed the suggestion for a Constituent Assembly
53. The state possesses - both internal and external sovereignty first in 1935? - M. N. Roy
(SSC MTS. 17.03.2013),) (SSC (10+2) Steno. G ‘C’ &
54. The Government of India Act, 1935 was based on: ‘D’. 31.07.2016)
- Simon Commission 74. Name of the country from which the constitutional features
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013), of procedures for amendment was borrowed by India.
54. Who described the Government of India Act, 1935 as a new - South Africa
charter of bondage? - Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (SSC CPO SI, ASI Online. 05.06.2016)
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013) 75. From which country Indian Constitution borrowed the
55. The custodian of the Indian Constitution is feature ‘The written Constitution’? - U.S.
- Chief Justice of India (SSC CPO. 06.06.2016),
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013) 76. the territorial division of governance in India was done by
56. The most important system in Democracy is - Political which act - Government of India Act, 1858
(SSC Constable (GD). 12.05.2013) (SSC CPO. 06.06.2016),
57. Where do we find the ideals of Indian democracy in the 77. Act the system of Dyarchy was introduced at the centre by
Constitution? - The Preamble which act - 1935
(SSC CHSL 10.11.2013), (SSC CAPFs (CPO) SI & ASI, DP SI. 20.03.2016)
58. The state operates through: - Government
(SSC MTS (Non-Tech.) 78. When was the constituent assembly of India started
. 16.02.2014) functioning - 1946
59. When was the first Central Legislative Assembly (SSC CPO SI, ASI Online. 06.06.2016)
constituted? - 1920 79. The Constitution __________.
(SSC MTS (Non-Tech.). 23.02.2014), - allows re-election of a person to the President’s post.
60. The Constitution of India, describes India as: (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 02.09.2016)
- Union of states 80. Act which introduced separate electorates (communal
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014) representation) for Muslims is - Act of 1909
61. The concept of “Rule of Law” is a special feature of (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 06.09.2016)
constitutional system of - Britain 81. Which type of democracy do we follow in India?
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014) - Representative
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 09.09.2016)

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82. Indian Constitution came into force on 102. Which “writ” of the High Court or the Supreme Court is
- 26th January, 1950 sought to produce in the court a person, suspected to be
(SSC CHSL (10+2) Tier-I (CBE). 15.01.2017) missing/in custody is - Habeas Corpus
83. The Constitution of India was framed by: (SSC SO (Audit). 05.06.2005)
- Constituent Assembly 103. The President must accord his sanction without sending it
(SSC CHSL (10+2) Tier-I (CBE). 16.01.2017) back for fresh consideration - Money Bills
84. Which writ come into the category of public litigation (SSC Stat. Investigators G–IV. 31.07.2005)
petition before High Court or Supreme Court? 104. Where in the Indian Constitution has “economic justice”
- against a general topic been provided as one of the objectives?
(SSC SO (Audit). year 1997) - Directive Principles
85. India is considered as a ‘Republic’ mainly because: (SSC Stat. Investigators G–IV. 31.07.2005)
- the head of the State is elected. 105. Which is not enumerated as a right in the Constitution of
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999 India is - Economic right
86. What was the exact constitutional position of the Indian (SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 25.09.2005)
Republic when the Constitution was brought into force with 106. what is not mentioned in the Preamble to the Constitution of
effect from 26th January, 1950? India? - Adult franchise
- A Sovereign Democratic Republic (SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 25.09.2005)
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) 107. The Indian Constitution recognises minorities on the basis
87. Writ which is issued by a High Court or the Supreme Court of
to compel an authority to perform a function that it was not - Percentage of the population of the Group to the total
performing is - Writ of Mandamus population
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) (SSC CGL Pre. 13.11.2005)
88. Separation of the judiciary from the executive has been 108. A writ of Mandamus can be issued by the Supreme Court to
provided in the Indian Constitution: - an official to perform public duty
- The Directive Principles of State Policy (SSC Tax Assist. 11.12.2005)
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) 109. Number of Fundamental Duties include in Indian
89. Which category of citizens of the prescribed age may be Constitution is - Eleven
registered as a voter is - Non-resident citizens (SSC CPO SI. 03.09.2006)
(SSC SO (Audit). 09.09.2001) 110. The right to vote in elections to a Parliament is a
90. Bill that can be initiated only in Lok Sabha is - Money Bill - Constitutional Right
(SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002) (SSC Tax Assist. 12.11.2006)
91. What is issued by a court for enforcement of Fundamental 111. The Fundamental Rights in our Constitution are inspired by
Rights? - A writ the Constitution of - United States of America
(SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002) (SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006)
92. Under the Directive Principles of State Policy, up to what age 112. Under the Constitution, the power to issue a writ of Habeas
of the children, they are expected to be provided free and Corpus is vested in - Both Supreme Court and High Courts
compulsory education? - 14 years (SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006)
(SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002) 113. A writ which acts as a bulwark of personal freedom?
93. The term ‘secular’ was added in the Preamble to the Indian - Habeas corpus
Constitution by - 42nd Amendment (SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006)
(SSC CPO SI. 12.01.2003) 114. The writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights are
94. Right to property is a Legal right issued by - The Supreme Court
(SSC CPO SI. 12.01.2003) (SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007)
95. Which writs/ orders of the High Court/ Supreme Court is 115. Evaluate the following statements: (I) The legal
sought to get an order of an authority quashed? interpretation of equality is chiefly influenced by equality
- Certiorari before law and equal protection of law (II) Equality before
(SSC CGL Pre. 11.05.2003) law means rule of law - Both are correct
96. Civil equality implies - equality of opportunity (SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007)
(SSC CGL Pre. 08.02.2004) 116. A writ issued by the Supreme Court compelling a
97. Word in the Preamble of the Constitution of India, which quasijudicial/ public authority to perform its mandatory
was not inserted through the Constitution (Forty Second duty is - Mandamus
Amendment) Act, 1976 is - Dignity (SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007)
(SSC CGL Pre.08.02.2004) 117. What cannot be the mode to acquire citizenship
98. Indian Parliament can rename or redefine the boundary of a - By Request
State by - a simple majority (SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007)
(SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004) 118. In which case, the Supreme Court held that fundamental
99. The source of political power in India is - We, the People rights are unamendable? - Keshvananda Bharti’s case
(SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004) (SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007)
100. Right to contest elections is a -political right 119. ‘Directive Principles’ in our Constitution are
101. Fundamental Rights in India are guaranteed by it through - non-enforceable in the courts of law
- Right to Constitutional Remedies (SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007)
(SSC CPO SI. 26.05.2005) 120. Which expressions does not figure in the Preamble to the
Indian Constitution? - Federal
(SSC CPO SI. 16.12.2007)

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121. Right to property was removed from the list of Fundamental
Rights during the rule of - Morarji Desai Government
(SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008)
122. The chapter on Fundamental Duties includes
- Duty to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired
out freedom movement.
(SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008)
123. Which part of the Indian Constitution deals with the
Directive Principles of State Policy? - Part IV
(SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008)
124. Number of writs which can be issued by the Supreme Court
- Five
(SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008)
125. The Preamble of our Constitution reads India as
- Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic
(SSC CPO SI. 09.11.2008)
126. Who is the guardian of Fundamental Rights enumerated in
Indian Constitution? - Supreme Court
(SSC SO (Audit). 30.11.2008)
127. Part of the Indian Constitution which deal with
‘Fundamental Rights’ - Part III
SSC SO (Audit). 30.11.2008)
128. Fundamental Rights are not given to - Aliens
(SSC Tax Assist. 29.03.2009)
129. ‘Consent of the people’ means consent of
- Majority of the people
(SSC Tax Assist. 29.03.2009)
130. The Directive Principles of State Policy was adopted from
the - Irish Constitution
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010)
131. Who is the guardian of Fundamental Rights? - Judiciary
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010)
132. The idea of ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ was
borrowed by the framers of the Indian Constitution from the
Constitution of - the Republic of Ireland
(SSC SAS. 26.06.2010)
133. Fundamental right which is available to Indian citizens only
- Protection from discrimination on grounds of religion,
race, caste, sex or place of birth
(SSC Investigator. 12.09.2010)
134. Which Article of the Constitution deal with the Fundamental
Duties - Article 51 A
(SSC CPO SI. 12.12.2010)
135. The Preamble to our Constitution makes no mention of
- Adult franchise
(FCI Assist. G-II. 22.01.2012)
136. Which part of the Constitution deals with the Directive
Principles of State Policy? - Part-IV
(FCI Assist. G-II. 22.01.2012)
137. Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by
- 42nd Amendment
(FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012)
138. A Secular State is one which: - has no religion of its own
(FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012)
139. Freedom of the press is implied in the right to
- freedom of speech
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999 (
140. Fundamental Rights granted to the Indian citizens
- can be suspended
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
141. A writ issued by the High Court or the Supreme Court to
protect the fundamental rights of the citizens is known as
- Habeas Corpus
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
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142. The main purpose of including the Directive Principles of
State Policy in the Indian Constitution is to
- establish a welfare State
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
143. No person shall be a citizen of India if he has
- voluntarily acquired citizen ship of another country
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)
144. Fundamental Right guaranteed by the Constitution of India
is - Right to equality
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)
145. Right to free education within certain limits is
- guaranteed as a Fundamental Right
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001)
146. No person can be employed in factories or mines unless he
is above the age of - 14 years
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001)
147. The writ of ‘Habeas Corpus’ is issued in the event of
- Wrongful police detention
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002) and 30.03.2008)
148. Political equality is found in - universal adult suffrage
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
149. List of Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian
Constitution as Part - Four
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
150. Under which writ an official can be prevented from taking
an action which he is officially not entitled - Mandamus
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
151. In the Constitution of India, the Fundamental Rights
- formed a part of the original Constitution
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002)
152. Writ which is issued to courts, corporations, government
servants or persons directing them to perform their public
duty is - Mandamus
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002)
153. In India, the right to property is now recognised as
- a legal right
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002)
154. Right to vote is a - Political right
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002)
155. Which writ literally means ‘what is your authority’?
- Quo Warranto
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
156. What is the chief source of political power in India?
- The people
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
157. A court enforces enjoyment of a Fundamental Right by
issuing - a writ
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
158. Political right does not include - Right to life
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008)
159. What is the minimum age prescribed in India for its citizens
to cast their vote? - 18 years
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008)
160. When were the Fundamental Duties of the Indian citizens
incorporated in the constitution? - 1976
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 27.11.2010) -
161. The Constitution of India assures economic justice to
citizens through - Preamble
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010)
162. ‘The Right to Public Office’ is a
- Civil right
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010)
163. “Not to destroy the Government property” is a - Civil duty
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(SSC CISF Constable (GD). 05.06.2011) (SSC CHSL 27.10.2013)
164. Who proposed the Preamble before the drafting committee 186. Fill up: 'Right _______ duties.' - implies
of the Constitution? - Jawaharlal Nehru (SSC MTS Staff (Patna). 16.02.2014)
(SSC CISF Constable (GD). 05.06.2011) 187. How many Fundamental Rights were granted initially?
165. ‘Dual citizenship’ is a feature of - Federal government - Seven
(SSC Steno. G 'C' & 'D'. 16.10.2011) (SSC MTS (Non-Tech.). 23.02.2014),
166. The essential feature of democracy is giving prominence to 188. How liberty can be limited? - By Law
the - Citizen (SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014)
(SSC Steno. G 'C' & 'D'. 16.10.2011) 189. Most important safeguard of liberty is
167. Writ which can lie only against a person holding a public - bold and impartial judiciary
office is - Mandamus (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014)
(SSC Steno. G 'C' & 'D'.: 16.10.2011) 190. Which equality is not compatible with the liberal nation of
168. India is a secular state because in our country: equality - Economic Equality
- state has no religion (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014)
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) 191. Political liberty implies
169. The case which is related to Fundamental Right is - free political activities of the people
- Golakhnath vs. State of Punjab (1967) (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014)
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) 192. When were the Fundamental Duties incorporated in the
170. Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution Constitution? - 1976
were taken from the Constitution of - Ireland (SSC CHSL 02.11.2014),
(SSC CHSL 11.12.2011) 193. How many fundamental duties are there in our Indian
171. The success of democracy depends upon the Constitution? - 11
- Right to personal liberty (SSC CHSL 16.11.2014).
(SSC CHSL 11.12.2011) 194. The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy in Indian
172. Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution Constitution is adopted from that of - US and UK
were taken from the Constitution of - Ireland (SSC CHSL 16.11.2014),
(SSC CHSL 11.12.2011) 195. In which Article, citizenship rights of people who migrated
173. Citizens of India can vote at the age of - 18 years from Pakistan to India is mentioned is - Article-6
(SSC Constable (GD) & Rifleman (GD). 22.04.1912 0 (SSC CPO. 06.06.2016),
174. According to Preamble, the ultimate power lies in the hands (SSC CHSL (10+2) Tier-I (CBE). 08.09.2016)
of: - People 196. The source of authority of the Indian Constitution is:
(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) - The People of India
175. Dual citizenship is an important feature in which form of (SSC CAPFs (CPO) SI & ASI, DP SI. 20.03.2016)
government? - Federal 197. Which attribute in the Preamble states that ‘No one should
(SSC CHSL 28.10.2012) treat a fellow citizen as inferior’? - Fraternity
176. Writs are issued by - Supreme Court and High Courts (SSC CPO SI, ASI Online. 06.06.2016)
(SSC CHSL 04.11.2012) 198. Right to Constitutional Remedies comes under ______
and SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014) - Fundamental rights
177. Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Indian (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 30.08.2016)
Constitution on the recommendation of 199. Which is not guaranteed by Indian Constitution?
- Swaran Singh Committee - Right to free education for all
(SSC DP SI (SI). 19.08.2012) 0 (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 29.08.2016)
178. In Indian Constitution, fundamental rights were taken from 200. The Preventive Detention Act curtailed - Right to Freedom
the Constitution of - USA (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 10.09.2016)
(SSC MTS. 10.03.2013), 0 201. Ideas of welfare state are contained in
179. Right to Vote is a political right - Directive Principles of State Policy
(SSC MTS. 17.03.2013),) 0 (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 10.09.2016)
180. Who can impose reasonable restrictions over fundamental 202. Indian Citizenship is granted by
rights? - Parliament - The Ministry of Home Affairs
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013), (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 04.09.2016)
181. Provisions of citizenship in Indian Constitution, became 203. The term ‘Fraternity’ in the Preamble of the Indian
applicable in - 1950 Constitution means a sense of - brotherhood
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013), (SSC MTS. 30.04.2017)
182. The fundamental duties are enshrined in which part of our 204. Stability of the Government is assured in:.
constitution - IV A - Presidential Form of Government.
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013) (SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999
183. What is meant by social justice? 205. According to the Indian Constitution, the vacancy in the
- All kinds of discrimination based on caste, creed, office of the President of India shall be filled within:
colour and sex should be eliminated.. - 6 months
(SSC Constable (GD). 12.05.2013), (SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999
184. _____ are essential for liberty. - Rights 206. In Indian Republic, the real executive authority rests with
(SSC Constable (GD). 12.05.2013) the: - Council of Ministers
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999
185. Right to vote belongs to which category - Political Rights 207. Parliamentary form of Government is also known as:

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 NEON CLASSES, JAIPUR • 9828728833/34
- Responsible Government (SSC CGL Pre. 08.02.2004)
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999 227. What is the maximum time interval permitted between two
208. The minimum age of the member of Rajya Sabha is: sessions of Parliament? - 6 months
- 30 years (SSC CGL Pre. 08.02.2004)
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999 228. The item ‘Education’ belongs to the: - Concurrent List
209. Who are not appointed by the President of India? (SSC CGL Pre. 08.02.2004)
- Vice-President 229. What is the maximum number of the elected members of
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) Rajya Sabha? - 238
210. What is the period within which a proclamation of national (SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004)
emergency made by the President is to be placed before 230. The President’s Rule is imposed on a State in India, when
each house of the Parliament for approval? - There is a Constitutional breakdown
- within one month (SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004)
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) 231. In Indian Parliament, a bill may be sent to a select
211. A money bill passed by the Lok Sabha is deemed to have committee - at any stage at the discretion of the Speaker
been passed by the Rajya Sabha also when no action is taken (SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004)
by the Upper House within: - 14 days 232. Where is the Constitutional power located enabling the
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) Central Government to legislate on cow slaughter?
212. What can be the maximum interval between two Sessions of - Art. 48 in the Directive Principles
Parliament? - Six months (SSC Tax Assist. 05.12.2004)
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000) 233. The salaries and allowances payable to the Members of the
213. Who can decide if a particular Bill is a Money Bill or not? Parliament are decided by the - Parliament
- Speaker of Lok Sabha (SSC Tax Assist. 05.12.2004)
(SSC SO (Audit). 09.09.2001) 234. The authority to prorogue the two Houses of the Parliament
214. How are legislative excesses of Parliament and Assemblies rests with the - President
checked? - Judicial review (SSC Tax Assist. 05.12.2004)
(SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002) 1 235. Who is the competent to dissolve the Parliament?
215. No Money bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha without - The President
the prior approval of the - President (SSC SO (Audit). 05.06.2005)
(SSC CPO SI. 12.01.2003) 236. The Secretary General of the Lok Sabha is the Chief of its
216. Rajya Sabha enjoys more powers than the Lok Sabha in the Secretariat and is: - appointed by the Speaker
case of — - Setting up of new All-India Services (SSC Stat. Investigators G–IV. 31.07.2005)
(SSC CGL Pre. 11.05.2003) 237. When was zero hour introduced in the parliamentary affairs
217. Point out what is not a right enumerated in the Constitution in India? - 1962
of India but has been articulated by the Supreme Court to be (SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 25.09.2005)
a Fundamental Right. - Right to privacy 238. The maximum number of members of Lok Sabha and Rajya
(SSC CGL Pre. 11.05.2003) Sabha has been fixed by the Constitution of India
218. Which Standing Committee of Parliament has no MP from respectively as - 545 and 250
Rajya Sabha is - Estimates Committee (SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 25.09.2005)
(SSC CGL Pre. 11.05.2003) 239. In order to be recognised as an official opposition Group in
219. The “Residuary Powers” (not mentioned in the Union, State the Parliament how many seats should it have?
or Concurrent lists of the Constitution) are vested in - 1/10th of the total strength
- Both Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha (SSC CGL Pre. 13.11.2005)
(SSC CPO SI. 07.09.2003) 240. What is the minimum age laid down for a candidate to seek
220. What is the composition of the electoral college for the election to the Lok Sabha? - 25 years
election of Vice-President of India? (SSC CGL Pre. 13.11.2005)
- Elected members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha 241. Tax which is exclusively and totally assigned to the Central
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 16.11.2003) Government by the Constitution is - Corporation Tax
222. The function of Protem Speaker is to (SSC CGL Pre. 13.11.2005)
- swearing in members and hold charge till a regular 242. When the offices of both the President and Vice President of
Speaker is elected India are vacant, who will discharge their functions?
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 16.11.2003) - Chief Justice of India
223. Who presides over the Lok Sabha in the absence of Speaker (SSC Tax Assist. 11.12.2005)
or Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha? 243. Who is eligible to cast the deciding vote over a bill in a Joint
- A person from the panel formed by the Speaker of the Parliamentary session? - Speaker of Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha (SSC Tax Assist. 11.12.2005)
(SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003) 244. Representation of any state in Rajya Sabha is according to
224. Indian Parliament includes: - population of the state
- President, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha (SSC Tax Assist. 11.12.2005)
(SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003) 245. The Electoral College that elects the President of India
225. What is the minimum age prescribed for becoming a consists of
member of Rajya Sabha? - 30 years - Elected members of the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State
(SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003) Assemblies
226. The Presidential Government operates on the principle of: (SSC Tax Assist. 11.12.2005)
- Separation of Powers

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246. The Constitution of India lays down that the two Houses of 264. The Indian Parliament is competent to enact law on a State
Parliament must be summoned at least - twice a year subject if - emergency under Article 352 is in operation
(SSC CPO SI. 03.09.2006) (SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008)
247. The Vice-President of India is also the 265. The President of India enjoys emergency powers of
- Ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha - three types
(SSC CPO SI. 03.09.2006) (SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008)
248. The President of the Union of India has the same
constitutional authority as the - British Monarch 266. The Vice President of India is elected by
(SSC Tax Assist. 12.11.2006) - the elected members of the Parliament
249. Which organ is the custodian of the National Purse? (SSC CGL Pre. 27.07.2008)
- Legislature 267. A Bill referred to a ‘Joint Sitting’ of the two Houses of the
(SSC Tax Assist. 12.11.2006) Parliament is required to be passed by
250. Who can be the member of the Rajya Sabha but can speak - a simple majority of the members present
both in Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha? (SSC CGL Pre. 27.07.2008)
- Ministers who are members of the Rajya Sabha 268. Constitutional head of the Government of India is
(SSC Tax Assist. 12.11.2006) - President
251. What are the ‘residuary powers’? (SSC CGL Pre. 27.07.2008)
- Powers which are not mentioned in any of the lists 269. Who certifies a Bill to be a Money Bill in India?
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006) - Speaker of the Lok Sabha
252. How many members of the Rajya Sabha are nominated by (SSC CGL Pre. 27.07.2008)
the President? - Twelve 270. In case the President wishes to resign, to whom he is to
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006) address his resignation letter? - Vice-President
253. Which is not a tool of legislative control over administration (SSC CPO SI. 09.11.2008)
in India? - Dissolution of House 271. Financial Committee of Parliament in India is (I) Public
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007) Accounts Committee (II) Estimates Committee (III)
254. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first President of Committee on Public Undertakings - I, II & III
India by - Constituent Assembly (SSC CPO SI. 09.11.2008)
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007) 272. The ‘Speaker’s vote’ in the Lok Sabha is called
255. The members of Estimates Committee are - casting vote
- elected from Lok Sabha only (SSC SO (Audit). 30.11.2008)
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 30.09.2007) 273. The Council of Ministers does not include
256. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is elected by the - Cabinet Secretary
- members of Lok Sabha (SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008)
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 30.09.2007) 274. Although Union List, State List and Concurrent List cover the
257. The President of India is elected by entire legislative business, yet there may be an item not
- elected members of both houses of Parliament and mentioned anywhere. Who will legislate on that item?
elected members of State legislative assemblies - Parliament only
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 30.09.2007) (SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008)
258. A motion moved by a member in a legislature when it is 275. The most important feature of the Indian Parliament is that
desired to have a discussion on a matter of urgent public - the Upper House of the Parliament is never dissolved
importance is called - Adjournment motion (SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008) 8
(SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007) 276. How many times the President of India can seek re-election
259. No Government Expenditure can be incurred in India except to his post? - Any number of times
with the sanction of - the Parliament (SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008)
(SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007) 277. President of India can not appoint - Speaker of the Lok Sabha
260. The majority of the provisions of the Indian Constitution can (SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008)
be amended - by the Parliament alone 278. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has recently
(SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007) raised the emoluments of the President, the Vice-President
261. In our Constitution, Economic Planning is included in and the Governors. The emolument payable to the
- Concurrent list President, has been raised to
(SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007) - Rs. 1.50 lakh from Rs. 50,000 per month
262. A candidate, to become a member of the Rajya Sabha, should (SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008)
not be less than - 30 years of age 279. Tenure of the Prime Minister of India is
(SSC CPO SI. 16.12.2007) 6 - As long as he enjoys the support of a majority in the Lok
263. The maximum strength of the elected members of the House Sabha
of the People (Lok Sabha) is - 545 (SSC Tax Assist. 29.03.2009)
(SSC CPO SI. 16.12.2007) 280. Who held the office of the Vice- President of India for two
264. How many readings does a non-money bill have in each consecutive terms? - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
House of the Parliament? - Three (SSC CPO SI. 06.09.2009)
(SSC CPO SI. 16.12.2007) 281. When there is a vacancy in the office of the President and
264. By which Bill does the Government propose collection of the Vice President at the same time, the office is held
revenues for a year? - Finance Bill temporarily by - the Chief Justice of India
(SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008) (SSC CPO SI. 06.09.2009)

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282. The Parliamentary Committee which scrutinises the report
of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India is 300.
- Public Accounts Committee
(SSC CPO SI. 06.09.2009)
283. The Prime Minister of India is - Appointed 301.
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010)
284. The Speaker of the Lok-Sabha has to address his/her letter
of resignation to - Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha 302.
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010)
285. A Presidential Ordinance can remain in force
- For six months 303.
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010)
286. How many members of the Anglo-Indian community can be
nominated by the President of India to the Parliament? - 2
(SSC SAS. 26.06.2010) 304.
287. Who can initiate impeachment of the President?
- 1/4th members of either House of Parliament
(SSC SAS. 26.06.2010) 305.
288. What can the President do if a State fails to comply with the
Directives of the Central Government?
- He can declare the breakdown of constitu-tional machinery 306.
in the State and assume responsibility for the
governance of the State
(SSC CISF ASI. 29.08.2010) 307.
289. The declaration of Constitutional Emergency in an Indian
State has to be approved by the Parliament within a period
of - 2 months 308.
(SSC CISF ASI. 29.08.2010)
290. The number of subjects in the Union List of the Indian
Constitution is - 100 309.
(SSC CISF ASI. 29.08.2010)
291. How many members of the Rajya Sabha retire from the
house every 2 years? 310.
- 1/3 of the total members
(SSC Investigator. 12.09.2010)
292. Evaluate the statements: (a) The President of India can be 311.
impeached by the Indian Parliament. (b) The President of
India can be removed by the Indian Parliament only with
the approval of the Chief Justice of India. 312.
- a is correct but b is not correct
(SSC Investigator. 12.09.2010) 313.
293. How many times was the term of the Lok Sabha extended
upto 6 years? - Once
(SSC CPO SI. 12.12.2010) 314.
294. Tax revenue of the Union Government, the most important
source is - Union Excise Duties
(SSC CPO SI. 12.12.2010) 315.
295. The maximum strength prescribed for State Legislative
Assemblies is - 500
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.06.2011) 316.
296. If the Anglo-Indian community does not get adequate
representation in the Lok Sabha, two members of the
community can be nominated by the - President 317.
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.06.2011)
297. For the election of President of India, a citizen should have
completed the age of - 35 years 318.
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.06.2011)
298. A member of Parliament will lose his membership of
Parliament if he is continuously absent from Sessions for
- 60 days 319.
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.06.2011)
299. Which innovative discussion process is introduced by the 320.
Indian parliament to the World Parliamentary systems?
- Zero hour
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(SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.06.2011)
Indian Parliament Means
- President of India - Rajya Sabha - Lok Sabha
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.06.2011)
Which methods is used to ascertain the public opinion on
important legislation? - Initiative
(FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012)
The final authority to interpret our Constitution is the
- Supreme Court
(FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012)
The Parliament can legislate on subjects given in the Union
List only in consultation with the State Government for the
State of: - Jammu & Kashmir
(FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012)
The voting age in India was lowered from 21 year to 18
years through - Constitutional Amendment..
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
Indian Constitution has divided the powers and function of
the state into - three lists
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
The president of India can nominate how many members
from the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha? - Two
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
A joint sitting of the two Houses of Indian Parliament is
presided over by the - Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
On the subjects mentioned in the concurrent list, laws may
be enacted by the - States and the Union
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
The maximum number of starred questions that can be
asked in Lok Sabha on a particular day is - 20
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
Rajya Sabha being a permanent house
- one-third of its members retire every two years
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
The Joint Session of both the Houses of Parliament is
summoned by - President
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
Supreme Commander of Forces in India is - President
(SSC CHSL (PRE). Held on: 21.05.2000)
The Residuary powers of the Indian Union are
- vested with the Centre.
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
The maximum number of nominated members to the Rajya
Sabha are - 12
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
One-third of the members of the Rajya Sabha retire
- every two years
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
The Vice-President of India can be removed by the
- Rajya Sabha with the concurrence of Lok Sabha
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
A mid-term poll is conducted when
- the Lok Sabha is dissolved before completion of its term
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
A proclamation of emergency caused by war or external
aggression must be approved by both the Houses of
Parliament with in - 1 month
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
Implementing laws is the function of - Executive
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)
Education is related to - Concurrent list
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)
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321. Can a person who is not a Member of Parliament be
appointed as a minister’?
- Yes, But he has to become a Member of Parliament within six
months of his appointment.
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)
322. Who can legislate on those residual matters which are not
mentioned in Central/ State/Concurrent lists?
- Parliament or State legislatures as adjudicated by the
Supreme Court
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)
323. The salary of the Members of Parliament is decided by
- The Parliament
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)
324. Who held the office of the Vice- President of India for two
full terms? - S. Radhakrishnan
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001)
325. If the Speaker of Lok Sabha intends to vacate his office
before the expiry of his term, he sends his resignation to
- Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001)
326. The Parliament enjoys the exclusive right to legislate on the
subjects contained in - the Union List
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001)
327. A Bill is certified as Money Bill in Lok Sabha by
- the Speaker
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001)
328. When the Vice-President officiates as President of India, he
draws the salary of - President
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001)
329. Who presides over the joint sitting of the Parliament in
India? - The Speaker of Lok Sabha
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
330. The right to nominate members to the Rajya Sabha rests
with - The President
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
331. The power to create or abolish the Upper House of the State
Legislature belongs to the - Parliament
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
332. Which type of emergency has not been declared so far in
India? - Financial emergency
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
333. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha enjoys
- the right to vote only in case of a tie
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
334. During Financial Emergency all money bills passed by the
state legislature are to be reserved for the consideration of
the - President
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
335. The committee on subordinate legislation deals with
- Delegated legislation
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
336. Rajya Sabha has no role in - the election of the Speaker
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
337. The policy that deals with the tax and expenditure policies
of the Government is called - Fiscal Policy
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
338. If the Speaker of Lok Sabha Wishes to tender his resignation
he has to address his letter to - The Deputy Speaker
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
339. Money Bills can be introduced in the Lok Sabha with prior
permission of the - President
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
340. The President of India who held office for two terms was
- Babu Rajendra Prasad
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(SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002)
341. Who nominates persons for various parliamentary
delegation to foreign countries? - The Speaker of Lok Sabha
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002)
342. A joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament may be
convened to consider a bill which was passed by one House
and kept pending by the other for - six months
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
343. Who will administer the oath of office to the person who is
to take over as President? - The Chief Justice of India
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
344. The President of the India is:
- The head of the State as well as Government
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
345. When a constitutional amendment bill goes to the President,
he - is bound to give his assent
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
346. Vice- President, Who resigned from his office to contest for
the office of the President is - V.V. Giri
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
347. Term of a Member of the Rajya Sabha is - Six years
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008)
348. The Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the
- Rajya Sabha
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008)
349. According to the Indian Constitution, the Ministers shall
hold office during the pleasure of the - President of India
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008)
350. Who decides whether a bill is a Money Bill or not?
- Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008)
351. How many ‘types of emergencies are envisaged by the
Constitution? -3
(SSC DEO. 31.08.2008)
352. Who calls the Joint Session of the two Houses of the
Parliament? - The President
(SSC DEO. 31.08.2008)
353. No confidence Motion against the Union Council of Ministers
can be initiated - in the Lok Sabha only
(SSC DEO. 31.08.2008)
354. What is the maximum age limit prescribed for the post of
the President of India? - There is no maximum age limit
(SSC DEO. 02.08.2009)
355. What is quorum required for convening the Lok Sabha?
- 1/ 10
(SSC DEO. 02.08.2009)
356. In the Parliamentary form of Government “He is the first
among equal”. Who is he?
- Prime Minister
(SSC DEO. 02.08.2009)
357. The chairman of the Public Accounts Committee in the
Indian Parliament is: - The Leader of Opposition Party
(SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). 26.09.2010)
358. The gap between first No-Confidence motion and second
No-confidence motion should be - 6 months
(SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). 26.09.2010)
359 The expenditure made on which, who does not require
budgetary approval every year in India
- Natural calamities
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 27.11.2010)
360. The Members of Rajya Sabha are elected for a term of
- Six years
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010)
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361. From which fund can the unanticipated expenditure be met - 30 members from Lok Sabha
without the prior approval of the Parliament? (SSC CHSL 28.10.2012)
- Contingency Fund of India 382. The Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected by
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010) - all the members of Parliament
362. One of the important attributes of Parliamentary form of (SSC CHSL 28.10.2012)
government is 383. Who Chairs the Joint Session of the two Houses of
- Collective responsibility of Council of Ministers to the Parliament? - Speaker of Lok Sabha
Parliament (SSC CHSL 04.11.2012)
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010) 384. The winning candidate in the Election of President of India
363. The Parliament and the Constitution are the instruments of should secure
- Economic Justice - More than fifty percent and majority of the total votes polled
(SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). 09.01.2011) (SSC CGL Tier-I. 11.11.2012)
364. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the 385. Who appoints Secretary General of the Lok Sabha?
- Lok Sabha - Speaker
(SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). 09.01.2011) (SSC FCI Assist. G-III. 11.11.2012)
365. ‘Zero Hour’ in the working of the Indian Parliament means
- Interval between Question Hour and next Agenda 386. There is a Parliamentary system of Government in India
(SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). Held on: 09.01.2011) because
366. In which year was the “House of the People” named as “Lok - The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha
Sabha”? - 1954 (SSC DP SI (SI). 19.08.2012)
(SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). 09.01.2011) 387. What are the basic, functions of Public Accounts Committee
367. Nomination of Rajya Sabha Members by the President was (PAC) ?
taken from the Constitution of:. - Ireland - to examine the statement of accounts showing the income
(SSC MTS (Non-Technical). 27.02.2011) and expenditure of state corporations, trading and
368. If the Prime Minister of India submits his resignation to the manufacturing schemes and projects.
President, it will mean the resignation of the: (SSC MTS. 10.03.2013)
- Entire Council of Ministers 388. Which part of the Indian Constitution ensures social and
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) economic democracy - Directive Principles of State Policy
369. Zero hour is at the discretion of - Speaker (SSC MTS. 17.03.2013),
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) 389. Members of the Executive under Presidential System of
370. The President of India can issue a proclamation of National Government
Emergency only on the written recommendation of - are not members of either House of Legislature
- The Council of Ministers of the Union (SSC MTS. 24.03.2013),
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) 390. The Vice-President is: - Not a member of the Parliament
371. Dismiss is not associated with - Parliament (SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013),
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) 391. Who enjoy the rank of Cabinet Minister in Union Cabinet?
372. Which type of emergency has been imposed only one time - Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission
in India - Internal Emergency (SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013)
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) 392. The vacancy of the office of the President must be filled
373. When was National emergency imposed by the President of within: - 6 months
India on the grounds of internal disorder? - 1975 (SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013)
(SSC CHSL 11.12.2011) 393. The concept of Concurrent List in Indian Constitution is
374. Committee which is NOT a Standing Committee of the borrowed from the Constitution of - Australia
Parliament is (SSC CHSL 20.10.2013)
- Consultative Committee to the Ministry of Finance 394. How many members can be nominated to both the Houses
(SSC CHSL 11.12.2011) of the Parliament by the President? - 14
375. The Ministers in the Union Government hold office during (SSC CHSL 20.10.2013)
the pleasure of the - President 395. “Residuary powers” under the Indian Constitution means
SSC Constable (GD) & Rifleman (GD). 22.04.1912 (0 - the powers, which have not been specifically
376. If Parliament appoints a Committee for a specific purpose, it enumerated in the Union List, State List and Concurrent
is known as - Ad hoc Committee List.
(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) (SSC CHSL 27.10.2013)
377. Who is the Presiding Officer of the Rajya Sabha? 396. The Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of the
- Vice - President of India Parliament is appointed by - Speaker of Lok Sabha
(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) (SSC CHSL 27.10.2013)
378. ‘planning’ figure is related to - Concurrent List 397. The President of India has the discretionary power to
(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) - appoint the Prime Minister
379. Money can be spent out of the Consolidated Fund of India (SSC CHSL 10.11.2013),
with the approval of: - The Parliament 398. Name the two non-permanent Houses in the Parliamentary
(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) setup of India. - The Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha
380. What is the time limit given to Parliament to pass the (SSC MTS (Non-Tech.). 23.02.2014),
ordinance promulgated by the President of India? -6 weeks 399. The Ministry sometimes referred to as “Green Ministry” in
(SSC CHSL 28.10.2012) India is Ministry of - Environment and Forests
381. The Estimate Committee consists of (SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014)

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400. In Presidential Government, the President is 421. Who administers the oath of office to the President?
- independent of the Legislature - Chief Justice of India
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014) (SSC CGL Tier-I Re-, 30.08.2015)
401. Residuary powers in the Indian Constitution have been 422. The President of India can be removed from his office by the
assigned to - Union Parliament only - Parliament
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014) (SSC CGL Tier-I Re-, 30.08.2015)
402. A money bill can be introduced in 423. The first President of independent India was:
- only House of the People (Lok Sabha) - Dr Rajendra Prasad
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014) (SSC Constable (GD), 04.10.2015),
403. Minimum age required to become Prime Minister of India is 424. If the President wants to resign, he shall address his letter of
- 25 years resignation to: - Vice-President of India
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014) (SSC CHSL 15.11.2015)
404. Parliamentary or Presidential Government can be 425. Impeachment Proceedings against the President for
distinguished mainly by violation of the Constitution can be intiated in:
- the legislative-executive relations - Either House of Parliament
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-. (2013) 0.07.2014), (SSC CHSL 06.12.2015)
405. The maximum strength of Rajya Sabha is - 250 426. How many members are there in Public Accounts
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-. (2013) 0.07.2014), Committee? - 22 members
406. If the President of India wants to resign, he has to address (SSC CHSL 20.12.2015)
the letter of resignation to the - Vice-President 427. Who is the only second Vice– President of India to get a
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-. (2013) 0.07.2014), second consecutive term after S. Radhakrishnan?
407. Who acts as the channel of communication between the - M.H. Ansari
President and the Council Ministers? - Prime Minister (SSC CHSL 20.12.2015)
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-. (2013) 0.07.2014), 428. The term of office of the Vice- President of India is - 5 years
408. What is the specific feature of the single member (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 11.09.2016), 27
constituency system? 429. The Prime Minister of India is - Appointed by the President
- It secures a stable majority in the legislature. (SSC SPO SI, ASI Online. 05.06.2016),
(SSC GL Tier-I. 19.10.2014), 430. First ‘Minister of Finance’ in independent India was
409. Who has got the power to create All India Services? - R. K. Shanmukham Chetty
- Rajya sabha (SSC CPO. 06.06.2016),
(SSC CHSL 09.11.2014) 431. Statement that is not correct in the context of Money Bill
410. In the provisional Parliament of India, how many members - A Money Bill can be tabled in either House of Parliament.
were there? - 296 (SSC CPO. 06.06.2016),
(SSC CHSL 09.11.2014) 432. Who was the first politician to become a Chief Minister of a
411. Who admits a new State to the Union of India? - Parliament State and Prime Minister of India? - Mr. Charan Singh
(SSC CHSL 09.11.2014) (SSC CPO. 06.06.2016),
412. The most important feature of Cabinet system of 433. ‘Garibi Hatao’ slogan is given by - Indira Gandhi
Government is - Collective responsibility (SSC CPO. 06.06.2016),
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.10.2014) TF No. 022 MH 3) 5 434. Article of Indian Constitution who deal with impeachment of
413. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the the President is - Article-61
- Lok Sabha (SSC CPO. 06.06.2016),
(SSC CHSL 16.11.2014), 435. In the Union Government, the Council of Ministers is
414. If the Union Parliament is to assume legislative power over- collectively responsible for the: - Lok Sabha
and subject included in the State List, the resolution to the (SSC CAPFs (CPO) SI & ASI, DP SI. 05.06.2016)
effect has to be passed by Rajya Sabha 436. After question hour, a motion moved by a Member of
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI, 21.06.2015) Parliament to draw the attention of Executive for discussing
415. In India, how many times has the President declared a definite matter of public importance is
Financial Emergency? - Never - Adjournment motion
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI, 21.06.2015) (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 27.08.2016)
416. The legislature gains a priority over the executive in 437. The Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of the
- A Parliamentary Government Parliament is appointed by the - Speaker of Lok Sabha
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 09.08.2015) (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 27.08.2016)
417. The legislature in a democratic country can influence public 438. First women speaker of Lok Sabha was - Meira Kumar
opinion by - Focusing attention on public issues (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 28.08.2016)
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 09.08.2015) 439. The Residuary powers of legislation under Indian
418. The name of the upper house of the Indian Parliament is: Constitution rests with - Parliament
- Rajya Sabha (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 31.08.2016)
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 09.08.2015) 440. Appointments for all India Services are made by - President
419. First speaker of the Lok Sabha was - G.V. Mavalankar (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 31.08.2016)
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 16.08.2015) 441. The Speaker of Lok Sabha addresses his letter of resignation
420. In the case of deadlock between the two houses parliament, to the - Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
the joint sitting is presided over by the: (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 03.09.2016)
- Speaker of Lok Sabha 442. In whose consultation does the President convene and
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 16.08.2015) TF No. 2176783) prorogue all sessions of Parliament? - The Prime Minister

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(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 07.09.2016) (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 27.10.2016)
443. ‘twin sister’ of the Estimates Committee is 462. President of India can be removed from his office by
- Public Accounts Committee - Parliament
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 31.08.2016) (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 03.09.2016)
444. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by 463. Who presides over the sitting of the House of People?
- Elected members of the Legislative Assembly - The Speaker
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 01.09.2016) (SSC MTS. 30.04.2017)
445. The gazetted officials of the Union Government are appoint 464. How many members of the State Legislative Council are
and dismissed by - The President of India elected by the Assembly? - 1/3 of the members
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 28.08.2016) (SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999
446. In a Parliamentary form of Government 465. The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or
- The Executive is responsible to the Legislature abolished by the
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 29.08.2016) - Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a
447. The President can dismiss a member of the Council of resolution to that effect.
Ministers - on the recommendation of the Prime Minister (SSC CPO SI. 12.01.2003)
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 30.08.2016) 466. An Ordinary bill passed by the State Assembly can be
448. Public Accounts Committee chaired by delayed by the Legislative Council for a maximum period of
-prominent member of the opposition - 4 months
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 30.08.2016) (SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004)
449. In which way the President can assign any of the functions 467. Which State has Legislative Council? - Bihar
of the Union Government to the State Government? (SSC Stat. Investigators G–IV. 31.07.2005)
- In consultation with the Government of the State 468. Chief advisor to the Governor is - Chief Minister
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 01.09.2016) (SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 30.09.2007)
450. If the name of a tribe has to be excluded from the list of 469. Money Bill can be introduced in the State Legislative
Scheduled Tribe, who has the power for such exclusion? Assembly with the prior permission of the
- Parliament - Governor of the State
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 03.09.2016) (SSC CPO SI. 16.12.2007)
451. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha can be removed from his 470. There is no provision in the Constitution for the
office by _______ impeachment of the - Governor
- a resolution passed by the Lok Sabha (SSC Tax Assist. 29.03.2009)
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 04.09.2016) 471. Who was the first Woman Governor of a State in free India.
452. Lok Sabha Secretariat comes under the direct control of - Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
- Speaker of Lok Sabha (SSC CPO SI. 06.09.2009)
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 06.09.2016) 472. The Council of Ministers in a State is collectively responsible
453. Who decides disputes regarding disqualification of to - the Legislative Assembly
members of Parliament? (SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
- The Prime Minister in Consultation with the Election 473. What is the duration of membership of State Legislative
Commission Councils? - 6 years
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 07.09.2016) (SSC CHSL (PRE). Held on: 21.05.2000)
454. What is the minimum age for membership to Rajya Sabha? 474. The Governor of a State has no power to
- 30 years - adjourn the Assembly
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 08.09.2016) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002)
455. The largest committee of Parliament of India is 475. The members of the Legislative Assembly are
- Estimates Committee - directly elected by the people
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 09.09.2016) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
456. The President can advance money to meet unforeseen 476. Money Bills originate in the State Legislative Assembly on
expenses from the - Contingency Fund the recommendation of - the Governor
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 11.09.2016) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
457. A Unitary form of government is that in which all the 477. The Chief Minister is appointed by - the Governor
powers are concentrated in the hands of (SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008)
- Central government 478. The upper house of the State Legislature in India is called:
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 07.09.2016) - Legislative Council
458. Who has the power to prorogue the Lok Sabha? (SSC CHSL 04.12.2011)
- The President 479. In case no party enjoys absolute majority in the Legislative
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 10.09.2016) Assembly of a state, the Governor will go by:
459. According to the Indian Constitution, who has the power to - his own discretion
declare emergency? - President (SSC CHSL 04.12.2011)
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 10.09.2016) 480. The Governor of an Indian State is appointed by the
460. A motion moved by Member of Parliament when he feels a - President of India
minister has committed a breach of privilege of the House (SSC Constable (GD) & Rifleman (GD). 22.04.1912
by withholding facts of a case is called - Privilege motion 481. A State cannot exist without - Some kind of government
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 11.09.2016) (SSC Constable (GD) & Rifleman (GD). 22.04.1912
461. The President of India is: 482. Who is the highest Law Officer of a State?
- the Head of State - Advocate General

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(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) (SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999
483. An ordinance issued by the Governor, without the approval 503. In case of a disagreement between the two Houses of
of the State Legislature shall be effective for a period of Parliament over a non-money bill:
- Six weeks - the President may call a joint sitting of both the
(SSC MTS. 10.03.2013), Houses to consider it.
484. The maximum time a person can continue to be the minister (SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000)
of the State Government without being a member the state 504. What amidst is not true of the general electoral roll
legislature _____. - Six months prepared through the agency of the Election Commission? It
(SSC MTS (Non-Tech.). 16.02.2014) is to be used for elections to the
485. Total assembly segments in Delhi are: - 70 - Legislative Councils of the states where these exist
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014) (SSC SO (Audit). 09.09.2001)
486. In relation to the State Government, local government 505. Right to vote is mentioned in the parts of the Constitution
exercises: - Delegated Authority relating to - Election
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014) (SSC SO (Audit). 09.09.2001)
487. An ordinance issued by Governor is subject to approval by 506. For which period the Finance Commission is formed?
- The State Legislature - 5 years
(SSC CHSL 02.11.2014), (SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002)
488. In which year were the States recognized on a linguastic 507. Who finally approves the draft Five-Year-Plan?
basis? - 1956 - National Development Council
(SSC CHSL 09.11.2014) (SSC CPO SI. 12.01.2003)
489. The State Election Commission conducts, controls and 508. The deciding authority of States share in central taxes is the
supervises Municipal elections under - Finance Commission
- Article 243 (K) (SSC CPO SI. 12.01.2003)
(SSC CHSL 16.11.2014), 509. When was the Public Service Commission, the original
490. The oath of office is administered to the Governor by the: version of the U.P.S.C. set up? - 1st October, 1926
- Chief Justice of High Court (SSC CPO SI. 12.01.2003)
(SSC CHSL 06.12.2015) 510. Which authority recommends the principles government
491. An ordinance issued by the Governor has to be passed by earning the grants in- aid of the revenues of the States out of
the Assembly within - 6 weeks the Consolidated Fund of India? - Finance Commission
(SSC CHSL 20.12.2015) (SSC CGL Pre. 11.05.2003)
492. The discretionary powers of a Governor is limited in 511. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India acts as the
- Assent to Bills chief accountant and auditor for the
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 10.09.2016) - Union and State Governments
493. First woman Chief Minister of Punjab is (SSC CGL Pre. 11.05.2003)
- Rajinder Kaur Bhattal 3 512. Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five
years? - The President
494. The minimum age limit for the membership of the Vidhan (SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004)
Parishad is _____. - 30 years 513. Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 09.09.2016) removed by the
495. Name the first woman Chief Minister of Jammu and - President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the
Kashmir? Supreme Court
- Mehbooba Mufti (SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004)
(SSC CAPFs (CPO) SI & ASI, DP SI. 05.06.2016) 514. If the Election Commission is satisfied that a candidate has
496. First woman Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh is failed to lodge an account of election expenses, within the
- Sucheta Kriplani prescribed time and in the manner, for no good reason or
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 29.08.2016) justification, what is the period for which the EC can
497. Chief Ministers of States are members of __________________ disqualify him to be a member or from continuing to be a
- National Development Council member of the elected office from the date of the order?
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 02.09.2016) - 3 years
498. Which State has bicameral legislature? (SSC Tax Assist. 05.12.2004)
- Jammu and Kashmir 515. Elections to the House of the People and the Legislative
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 09.09.2016) Assemblies of States in India are held on the basis of:
499. The Union Government on 22 May 2016 appointed whom as - adult franchise
the new Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory (UT) of (SSC Stat. Investigators G–IV. 31.07.2005)
Pondicherry? - Kiran Bedi 516. Vote-on-account means
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 07.09.2016) - Statutory acceptance of expenditure related to
500. The term of a Governor is: - 5 Years demands of grants till the passage of planning bill
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 03.09.2016) (SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 25.09.2005)
501. Postal voting is otherwise called: 517. What is the period of appointment of the Comptroller and
- proxy voting Auditor - General of India?
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.07.1999 - 6 years or 65 years of age whichever is earlier
502. One feature is common to the following bodies. Find it out. (SSC CGL Pre. 13.11.2005)
Supreme Court, Election Commission, UPSC, Office of CAG 518. In which country Financial Legislation is introduced in the
- They are constitutional bodies. Upper House of the Legislature? - Germany

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(SSC CPO SI. 03.09.2006) (FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012)
519. The Bureaucracy performs 540. The term of the Finance Commission is - Five years
- administrative as well as quasi-judicial and quasi (FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012)
legislative functions 541. The National Development Council includes:
(SSC Tax Assist. 12.11.2006) - Chief Ministers of all the States
520. A member of the Union Public Service Commission can be (FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012)
removed by the - President 542. The Finance Commission is - a quinquennial body
(SSC Tax Assist. 12.11.2006) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
521. Who is the Chief Law Officer of the Government of India? 543. The Chairman of the Finance Commission is appointed by
- The Attorney General of India - The President
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
522. Which is the highest body that approves Five Year Plans in 544. The Chief Election Commissioner of India holds office
the country? - National Development Council - for six years or till the age of 65 whichever is earlier
(SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
523. Which is NOT a central Service? 545. Who is the Chairman of the Planning Commission?
- Indian Police Service Exam. 10.12.2006) - Prime Minister
524. Heighest civil servant of the Union Government is (SSC CHSL (PRE).13.05.2001)
- Cabinet Secretary 546. In an election, electioneering has to be stopped in a
(SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006) constituency
525. Which functionary can be invited to give his opinion in the - 48 hours before the hour of commencement of polling
Parliament? - Attorney-General of India (SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001)
(SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006) 547. The Advocate–General in each state is
526. The Planning Commission of India is - a non–statutory body - appointed by the Governor
(SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
527. Being the non-member, who can participate in the 548. A person cannot contest election from
proceedings of either house of the Parliament without - more than two constituencies
having right to vote? - Attorney General (SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002)
(SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007) 549. The Election Commission of India is a:
528. The term of office of the member of the UPSC is - One-member Commission
- 6 years, or till they attain 65 years of age (SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006)
(SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007) 550. Planning Commission of India was established in - 1950
529. The authority which is not established by the constitutional (SSC DEO. 31.08.2008)
provisions is - Planning Commission 551. The Chairman of the Finance Commission must be
(SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007) - A person having experience in Public Affairs
530. Age of a candidate to contest Parliamentary election should (SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010)
not be lesser than - 25 years 552. The First Election Commissioner of India was - Sukumar Sen
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.07.2008) (SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010)
531. The annual report of the UPSC is submitted to 553. Under single transferable vote system each voter can
- The President - Indicate as many preferences as there are candidates
(SSC SO (Audit). 30.11.2008) to be elected.
532. Finance Commission is constituted (SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). 09.01.2011)
- once in five years 554. The term of office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of
(SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008) India is — - 6 years
533. For which period the Finance Commission is formed? (SSC MTS (Non-Technical). 20.02.2011)
- 5 year 555. First General Election to the Lok Sabha held in - 1951 – 52
(SSC Tax Assist. 29.03.2009) (SSC CISF Constable (GD). 05.06.2011)
534. Ex-officio Chairman of the Planning Commission. He is the 556. Parliament exercises control over public expenditure
- Prime Minister through - Comptroller and Auditor General
(SSC Tax Assist. 29.03.2009) (SSC CHSL 04.12.2011)
535. The Finance Commission 557. Which is not come under the purview of the Election
- adjudicates on the sharing of resources between Commission? - To conduct the election of PM of India.
Centre and the States (SSC CHSL 04.12.2011)
(SSC CPO SI. 06.09.2009) 558. Who acts as the Chairman of the State Planning Board?
536. Which is an extra-Constitutional body? - Chief Minister
- Planning Commission (SSC CHSL 11.12.2011)
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 16.05.2010) 559. Finance Commission is appointed by the President of India
(SSC Investigator. 12.09.2010) after every - 5 years
537. The Attorney General of India has the right to audience in (SSC CHSL 21.10.2012)
- any court of law within the territory of India 560. Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
(SSC Investigator. 12.09.2010) - President
538. Who appoints the Finance Commission? - President (SSC CHSL 21.10.2012)
(FCI Assist. G-II. 22.01.2012) 561. The Members and Chairman of the Union Public Service
539. The Planning Commission of India was established in the Commission, are appointed by the: - President of India
year - 1950 (SSC CHSL 21.10.2012)

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562. The Finance Commission in India is appointed by - The President of India
- President of India (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 30.08.2016)
(SSC CHSL 28.10.2012) 583. If a budget is defeated in the legislature of a state then
563. An electoral system under which a legislature reflects the - The council of Ministers along with the Chief Minister has to
strength of the various political parties is called resign
- Proportional representation (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 04.09.2016)
(SSC CHSL 28.10.2012) 584. Who is the Vice Chairperson of NITI Aayog? - Rajiv kumar
564. The responsibility of preparation of electoral roll in India (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 06.09.2016)
rests with the: - Election Commission 585. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India submits his
(SSC MTS. 10.03.2013) report relating to the accounts of the Union to the _______.
565. The Second Chief Election Commissioner of India was - President
- K. V. K Sundaram (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 30.08.2016)
(SSC MTS. 17.03.2013),) 586. The Comptroller and Auditor General is closely connected
566. High dignitaries, who are not members of Parliament, has with which Committees of Parliament?
the right to address it? - Attorney General of India - The Public Accounts Committee
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.05.2013) (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 02.09.2016)
567. Comptroller and Auditor General of India is appointed by 587. Which was established with a definite provision under an
the - President Article of the Constitution of India? - Election Commission
(SSC CHSL 10.11.2013), (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 11.09.2016)
568. The Attorney General of India has the right of audience in 588. Who appoints the members of the State Public Service
- any Court of Law within India Commission? - Governor
(SSC CHSL 10.11.2013), (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 08.09.2016)
569. Which body is constituted by the President of India to 589. To be a voter in India, what is the minimum qualifying age?
advise on the decision of Central Resources between the - 18 Years
centre and the state? - Finance Commission (SSC CHSL (10+2) Tier-I (CBE). 15.01.2017) 0
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014) 590. What is the minimum age to qualify for Lok Sabha Elections?
570. Comptroller and Auditor General of India acts as a friend, - 25 years
Philosopher and Guide for. - Public Accounts Committee (SSC CHSL (10+2) Tier-I (CBE). 16.01.2017) 0
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-–2013, 27.04.2014) 591. NITI Aayog is a - Think Tank
571. Bureaucracy literally means a system of government by _____ (SSC MTS. 30.04.2017)
- Officials 592. Which commission made the recommendations which
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-. (2013) 0.07.2014), formed the basis for the Punjab Re organisation Act which
572. The power to decide an Election Petition for the State is created the states Punjab and Haryana?
vested in the - High Courts - Shah Commission
(SSC CHSL 02.11.2014), (SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002)
573. Union Public Service Commission has to submit the report 593. Which state is not included in Capital Region Planning
to the - President Council - Madhya Pradesh
(SSC CHSL 02.11.2014), (SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002)
574. Which Act suggest for the post called Comptroller and 594. In which state of India is there a uniform civil code? - Goa
Auditor General? - 1935 Act (SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002)
(SSC CHSL 16.11.2014), 595. Which State in India, has given the highest number of
575. The first state to go to polls under the Delimitation was Deputy Prime Ministers? - Gujarat
- Karnataka (SSC CPO SI. 12.01.2003)
(SSC CHSL 16.11.2014), 596. Division of powers is the principle of
576. Three language formula is recommended by - Federal form of Government
- Kothari Committee (SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 16.11.2003)
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI, 21.06.2015) 597. Article 370 of the Constitution is applicable to the State of:
577. What is the plural voting system? - Jammu and Kashmir
- Eligible voter exercises one vote and some voters with (SSC CPO SI. 26.05.2005)
specific qualifications cast more than one vote. 598. Which Article of the Constitution of India accords special
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 16.08.2015) status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir? - 370
578. The Indian Constitution provides the country with three (SSC CGL Pre. 13.11.2005)
categories of civil services, namely: 599. Which are the two States (other than UP) having the highest
- administrative, police and foreign services representation in Lok Sabha? - Bihar and Maharashtra
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 16.08.2015) TF No. 2176783) (SSC CGL Pre. 13.11.2005)
579. Which is one of the characteristics of civil services in India 600. Article 370 of the Constitution of India provides for
- Neutrality and Impartiality - temporary provisions for Jammu & Kashmir
(SSC CHSL 15.11.2015) (SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 30.09.2007)
580. The members of the All India Services serve the 601. When was the comprehensive reorganisation of Indian
- both the Union and State Governments States completed in accordance with the recommendations
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 11.09.2016), of States Reorganization Commission? - 1956
581. Who holds the highest law office in India? - Attorney General (SSC CGL Pre. 27.07.2008)
(SSC CAPFs (CPO) SI & ASI, DP SI. 05.06.2016) 602. The Sarkaria Commission was appointed to review the
582. Who is not a member of the National Development Council? question of - center-state relations

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(SSC SO (Audit). 30.11.2008) (SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003)
602. Who has not been an interlocutor on Jammu and Kashmir? 623. Who is empowered to transfer a Judge from one High Court
- Shujaat Bukhari to another High Court? - President of India
(FCI Assist. G-III. 5.02.2012) (SSC CGL Pre. 08.02.2004)
603. In a federal Government the states enjoy 624. The main function of the judiciary is: - law adjudication
- powers given by the Constitution (SSC CPO SI. 26.05.2005)
(SSC CHSL (PRE). Held on: 24.10.1999 625. The salaries and emoluments of the judges of the Supreme
604. The day-to-day administration of a Union Territory in India Court are charged on: - The Consolidated Fund of India
is carried out by the— - Lt. Governor (SSC CPO SI. 26.05.2005)
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000) 626. Judges of the Supreme Court and High Court can be
605. Sikkim was granted statehood in the year - 1975 removed by - The President
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002) (SSC SO (Audit). 05.06.2005)
606. Which State enjoys the distinction of being the first 627. Where the High Courts in India first set up?
linguistic state of India? - Andhra Pradesh - Bombay, Madras, Calcutta
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006) (SSC Stat. Investigators G–IV. 31.07.2005)
607. The number of Union Territories in India is -9 628. What does the “Judicial Review” function of the Supreme
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.03.2008) Court mean?
- Examine the constitutional validity of the laws
608. The unification of Karnataka was achieved in the year (SSC CGL Pre. 13.11.2005)
- 1956 629. The Basic Structure of our Constitution was proclaimed by
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014) the Supreme Court in - Keshvanand Bharati Case
609. A federal government is in the shape of (SSC Tax Assist. 11.12.2005)
- Agreement between the Centre and the States 630. An appeal to the High Court lies in case the Session Court
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-. (2013) 0.07.2014), has awarded the punishment of - four years or more
610. The main feature of the Federal State is - Decentralisation (SSC CPO SI. 03.09.2006)
(SSC GL Tier-I. 19.10.2014) 631. The Supreme Court of India enjoys
611. The States reorganization in 1956 created __ - original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
- 14 States and 6 Union Territories (SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008)
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI, 21.06.2015) 632. The Judges of the High Court hold office
612. How many states are there in the Indian Union? - 28 - till they have attained 62 years of age
(SSC CHSL 01.11.2015), (SSC SO (Audit). 30.11.2008)
613. The Name of the Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands 633. In which case did the Supreme Court restore the primacy of
was changed, to Lakshadweep by an act of parliament in: the Fundamental Rights over the Directive Principles of
- 1973 State Policy? - Minerva Mills Case
(SSC CHSL 15.11.2015) (SSC CPO SI. 12.12.2010)
614. Which was the first linguistic state to be created? 634. Which is not the essential qualification for appointment as a
- Andhra Pradesh Judge of the Supreme Court of India?
(SSC CHSL 15.11.2015) - Should be at least 35 years of age
615. The Jammu and Kashmir State Legislative Assembly had a (SSC CPO SI. 12.12.2010)
tenure of ______ - Six years 635. Judicial review in the Indian Constitution is based on:
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 31.08.2016) - Procedure established by Law
616. The’ Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal’ was constituted to (SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.06.2011)
resolve the water sharing between 636. The judges of the Supreme Court retire at the age of:
- Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh - 65 years
(SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 01.09.2016) (SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.06.2011)
617. Who is authorised to transfer the Judge of one High Court to 637. The First Act permitting legal marriage with a person not
another High Court? - The President belonging to one’s endogamous group is
(SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002) - Hindu Marriage Validity Act
618. Why did one of the High Courts in India decree that “bandhs (SSC CHSL (PRE). Held on: 24.10.1999
are unconstitutional and punitive”? 638. The states which have a common High Court are
- It is not in exercise of a fundamental freedom - Maharashtra and Goa
(SSC CGL Pre. 11.05.2003) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
619. To whom can a case of dispute in the election of the 639. The Supreme Court is empowered to settle election disputes
President of India be referred to? - Supreme Court of India of President and Vice- President. This is its
(SSC CPO SI. 07.09.2003) - Original Jurisdiction
620. What is the category in which the negotiating strategy of a (SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999
strike by the Government employees falls? - Legal Right 640. Which two states have a common High Court?
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit).16.11.2003) - Haryana and Punjab
621. Which is at the apex of the subordinate criminal courts? (SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
- Court of Sessions Judge 641. Judges of the Supreme Court retire at the age of - 65 years
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 16.11.2003) (SSC CHSL (PRE). 21.05.2000)
622. Which court has the original jurisdiction to hear petition 642. who held the offices of Judge of the Supreme Court and the
and give decision challenging election of the Lok Sabha/ Speaker of the Lok Sabha - K.S. Hegde
Vidhan Sabha? - High Court of the State (SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)

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643. The first woman judge to be appointed to Supreme Court 667. To become a Judge of the High Court one must be a
was - M. Fathima Beevi practicing advocate of the High Court for at least: - 10 years
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001) (SSC CHSL 15.11.2015)
644. First woman Chief Justice of a High Court of a state in India 668. Who is the first law officer of the country?
is - Leila Seth - Attorney General
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002) 3 (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 10.09.2016)
645. To whom can a case of dispute in the election of the 669. Which one of the following is related to Advisory
President be referred? - Supreme Court of India Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002) - President of India seeks opinion on law or facts
646. Which is the highest law of the land? - Indian Constitution (SSC CAPFs (CPO) SI & ASI, DP SI. 20.03.2016)
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002) 670. Which Institution has the final authority to interpret the
647. The Supreme Court of India acts as a Federal Court when it Constitution of India? - Supreme Court of India
deals with - Inter-State disputes (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 31.08.2016)
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006) 671. The power of the Supreme Court of India to decide disputes
648. Chief Justice of India which had the opportunity to act as between the Centre and the States falls under its
President of India? - Justice M. Hidayatulla - Original jurisdiction
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006) (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 04.09.2016)
649. ‘Equality before law’ in India is derived from - Constitution 672. What is the meaning of “Public Interest Litigation” PIL?
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006) - A case brought by anyone to court involving public interest
650. Who interprets the Constitution? - Judiciary (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 28.08.2016)
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010) 673. Subordinate courts are supervised by _______ - High Court
651. A law made by the Judiciary is known as - Case law (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 03.09.2016)
(SSC CHSL DEO & LDC. 28.11.2010) 674. All doubts and disputes in connection with election of the
652. The Judges of High Court are administered oath of office by President are inquired into and decided by __________.
- The Chief Justice of High Court - the Supreme Court
(SSC CHSL 04.12.2011) (SSC CGL Tier-I (CBE). 07.09.2016)
653. The Pension of a High Court Judge is charged on the 675. The Committee appointed in 1977 to review working of the
- Consolidated Fund of the State Panchayati Raj was chaired by: - Ashok Mehta
(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) (SSC CGL Pre. 27.02.2000)
654. The High Court which has the distinction of having the first 676. Which is not an administrative function of a Village
woman Chief Justice is: - Himachal Pradesh High Court Panchayat? - Providing college education
(SSC CHSL 21.10.2012) (SSC CPO SI. 07.09.2003)
655. Supreme Court is the guardian for - Fundamental Rights 677. Which legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier
(SSC DP SI (SI). 19.08.2012) Panchayati Raj system?
656. Judges of the district court are appointed by: - Governor - 73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013), (SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003)
657. District Judge is under the control of - High Court 678. Panchayati Raj was first to adopted by - Rajasthan
(SSC Constable (GD). 12.05.2013), (SSC CPO SI. 05.09.2004)
658. Division of Powers and Independent Judiciary are the two 679. The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was associated with—
important features of - Democratic form of Government - Panchayati Raj
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.05.2013) (SSC Tax Assist. 11.12.2005)
659. The Indian Judiciary is headed by: - The supreme court 680. The 3-tier of the Panchayati Raj System consists of
(SSC MTS (Non-Tech.). 16.02.2014) - Gram Sabha, Panchayat Samiti, Zilla Parishad
660. Who appoints the judges of the Indian Supreme Court? (SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008)
- President 681. Which is not the concern of the local government?
(SSC MTS Staff (Patna). 16.02.2014) - Law and Order
661. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the (SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.06.2011)
- President 682. The three-tier Panchayat Raj system in India was proposed
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.10.2014) by the – - Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
662. How many judges are there in Supreme Court? (SSC CPO (SI, ASI & IO). 28.08.2011)
- 34 683. Through which Constitutional Amendment was the
(SSC CHSL 02.11.2014), Nagarpalika Bill passed? - 74th
663. The Supreme Court at Calcutta was established by (SSC CHSL (PRE). 13.05.2001)
- Regulating Act of 1773 684. The Panchayat Raj system in India was introduced under
(SSC CHSL 16.11.2014), the direction of which article of the constitution? - 40
664. Correctly match is (SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). 26.09.2010)
- ADM Jabalpur case-Rights of citizens under emergency 685. The expression ‘Gram Sabha’ correctly refers to
(SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI, 21.06.2015) Electorate for the Panchayat
665. Ordinary Law is (SSC Steno. (G 'C' & 'D'). 09.01.2011)
- Laws made and enforced by the Government 686. Panchayati Raj system is based on the principle of
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 09.08.2015) - Decentralisation
666. Which comes under the jurisdiction of both the High Court (SSC CHSL 04.11.2012)
and the Supreme Court? - Protection of Fundamental Rights 687. Example of direct democracy in India, is - Gram Sabha
(SSC CGL Tier-I, 16.08.2015) (SSC MTS. 10.03.2013),

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688. Panchayati Raj System was implemented first in the pair of 705. What Constitutional provision enables the Central
states - Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan Government to provide reservations in jobs and educational
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013) institutions for the weaker sections of the society?
689. What is the system of Local Self Government in the - Article 16
Panchayati Raj set up? (SSC Tax Assist. 05.12.2004)
- Three tier structure at village, block and district level 706. What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central
(SSC Constable (GD). 12.05.2013) Government to impose the service tax and to expand its
690. In the year 1977, an official committee was appointed to span? - Residuary Powers under Article 248
examine Panchayat Raj, under the Chairmanship of (SSC Tax Assist. 05.12.2004)
- Ashok Mehta 707. Set of Articles which deals with ‘Emergency Provisions’.
(SSC CHSL 16.11.2014) - Articles 352, 356 and 360
691. The “Recall Provision” to remove the elected office bearers (SSC Tax Assist. 05.12.2004)
from the local Self Government institution has been 708. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees Indian
executed in: - Madhya Pradesh citizens:
(SSC CHSL 06.12.2015) - Equality before law and equal protection of the laws
692. What is the structure of Panchayati Raj? (SSC CPO SI. 26.05.2005)
- Zilla Panchayat ® Block Panchayat ® Gram Panchayat ® 709. Article 19 of the Indian Constitution provides:
Gram Sabha - 6 freedoms
(SSC CPO. 06.06.2016), (SSC CPO SI. 26.05.2005)
693. A law can be enacted, or executive order issued, even 710. Article 15 is related to - (3Discrimination
contrary to Article 19, during proclamation of emergency (SSC SO (Audit). 05.06.2005)
- caused by war or external aggresssion 711. Article of the Indian Constitution who include the
(SSC SO (Audit). 09.09.2001) Fundamental Duties of the Indian citizens is - Article 51A
694. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution was for the first (SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006)
time amended by the - 42nd Amendment 712. Article of the Constitution of India which is abolishes
(SSC SO (Audit). 09.09.2001) untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
695. Right to untouchability related to - Article 17 - Article 17
(SSC SO (Audit). 09.09.2001) (SSC SO (Commercial Audit. 26.11.2006)
696. languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution 713. Article of the Indian Constitution who provide for the
pick out the one which is the official language of a State: institution of Panchayati Raj is - Article 40
- Kashmiri (SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006)
(SSC CGL Pre. 24.02.2002) 714. Article 1 of the Constitution declares India as
697. Article 243 of the Constitution of India inserted by a - Union of States
Constitutional Amendment deals with (SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006)
- Panchayati Raj System 715. How many schedules does the Constitution of India contain?
(SSC CPO SI. 07.09.2003) - 12
698. What is the maximum period up to which a proclamation (SSC SO (Audit). 10.12.2006)
issued by the President under Article 356 of the 716. The articles 17 and 18 of constitution provide
Constitution and approved/extended by the Parliament - social equality
may, normally, remain in force? - One year (SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007)
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 16.11.2003) 717. How many languages are contained in the VIIIth schedule of
699. Where is the objective of “social justice” articulated in the the Indian Constitution? - 22
Constitution of India? - Preamble (SSC CGL Pre. 04.02.2007)
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 16.11.2003) 718. A proclamation of emergency, under Article 352, on account
700. Under which Article of the Constitution can an Emergency of war or aggression requires approval of the Parliament
be declared in India on account of war or external within - one month
aggression? - Article 352 (SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007)
(SSC SO (Commercial Audit). 16.11.2003) 719. Article 370 of the Indian Constitution upholds
701. Constitution of India considers free and compulsory - special status of Jammu and Kashmir State
education to children up to– - 14 years (SSC Tax Assist. 25.11.2007)
(SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003) 720. Which Constitutional Amendment gave precedence to the
702. Article of the Indian constitution who provide for the Directive Principles of State Policy over Fundamental
employer to give maternity benefits to its employees is Rights? - 42nd
- Article-42 (SSC CPO SI. 16.12.2007)
(SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003) 721. The basic features of the Indian Constitution which are not
703. Articles of the Indian Constitution provides for State amendable under Article 368 are - Sovereignty, territorial
emergency and suspends constitutional arrangement in a integrity, federal system, judicial review and
State is - Article-356 parliamentary system of government.
(SSC SO (Audit). 14.12.2003) (SSC SO (Audit). 06.01.2008)
704. During emergency, imposed under Art. 352, which 722. Which Amendment Act introduced changes in the preamble
Constitutional provisions stands suspend to the Indian Constitution?
- Fundamental Rights - the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
(SSC Tax Assist. 05.12.2004) (SSC CGL Pre. 27.07.2008)

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723. By which Amendment were ‘Fundamental Duties’ added to (SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013)
the Constitution? - 42nd Amendment 742. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution, the decision
(SSC CGL Pre. 27.07.2008) of the Central Administrative Tribunal can be challenged in
724. A Financial Emergency can be declared by applying the Supreme Court? - 323 A
- Article 360 (SSC CGL Tier-I. 19.05.2013)
(SSC Tax Assist. 14.12.2008) 743. languages which is not specified in the Eighth schedule of
725. Two words – ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ inserted in the the Indian Constitution is - English
Preamble on the behalf of - 42nd (SSC CAPFs SI & CISF ASI. 23.06.2013)
(SSC CPO SI. 06.09.2009) 744. Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for equal
726. In the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which opportunities for all citizen in Public employment?
languages were added subsequently? - Article–16
- Sindhi, Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (SSC CAPFs SI & CISF ASI. 23.06.2013)
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 26.06.2011) 745. Under which Article of the Constitution can an individual
727. The seventy third Amendment Act, 1992 of the Indian move to the Supreme Court directly in case of any violation
Constitution was passed to - strengthen Panchayati Raj of Fundamental Rights? - Article 32
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999 (SSC CHSL 20.10.2013)
728. Articles 74 and 75 of Indian Constitution deal with matters 746. Which Article of the Indian Constitution directs the State
of - the Council of Ministers Governments to organise Village Panchayats? - Article 40
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 24.10.1999 (SSC CHSL 10.11.2013),
729. A proceeding under Article 226 in case of detention of a 747. Which Article empowers the President to impose Financial
person is a - Criminal proceeding Emergency? - Article 360
(SSC CHSL (PRE). Held on: 24.10.1999 (SSC CHSL 10.11.2013),
730. Schedule of the Constitution which deal with the 748. Which Article of the Indian Constitution empowers the
disqualification of elected members on the ground of Parliament to regulate right of citizenship? - Article 11
defection is - 10th (SSC MTS (Non-Tech.). 16.02.2014)
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 27.05.2001) 749. Which article of IPC is related to unnatural sex? - 377
731. According to Article 75 of the Constitution of India the (SSC MTS (Non-Tech.). 16.02.2014)
Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the 750. Which Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution gave
- Parliament constitutional status to Panchayati Raj System? - 73rd
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002) (SSC MTS Staff (Patna). 16.02.2014)
732. The two words that were inserted by the 42nd Amendment 751. Article 1 of the Constitution of India declares India to be a
to the Preamble of the Constitution are - Socialist, Secular - Union of States
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002) (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI. 22.06.2014)
733. 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1985 deals with 752. How many times was the Preamble of the Constitution
- Defection and disqualification amended? - Once
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 05.05.2002) (SSC CHSL 02.11.2014),
734. In the Constitution of India, the ‘Right to Constitutional 753. The Election Commission is established under the Article
Remedies’ has been provided in Article - 32 - Article-324
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 12.05.2002) (SSC CHSL 16.11.2014)
735. Which amendments to the Constitution provide for the 754. Which Article of the Constitution enjoy the State to establish
reservation of one-third seats in the Municipal Boards and Village Panchayat? - Article 40
Village Panchayats for women? (SSC CHSL 16.11.2014)
- 73rd and 74th Amendments 755. Reservation for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 16.06.2002) in the service has been provided in the Indian Constitution
736. By which constitutional amendment political defections under - Article 335
were banned? - The Fifty-second amendment of 1985 (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI, 21.06.2015) 7
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 16.06.2002) 756. Article of the Indian Constitution which define the duties of
737. The system of privy purses in respect of former rulers of the Chief Minister is - Article 167
Indian States before Independence was abolished by the (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & DP SI, 21.06.2015)
Constitution through - 26th Amendment Act, 1971 757. Which amendment of the constitution lowered the voting
(SSC CHSL (PRE). 30.07.2006) age from 21 years to 18 years? - 61st Amendment
738. Which constitutional Amendment deleted the Right to (SSC CHSL 15.11.2015)
Property from the list of Fundamental Rights? 758. Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with Election
- 44th Amendment Commission? - Article 324
(SSC DEO. 31.08.2008) (SSC CHSL 15.11.2015)
739. By which Constitutional Amendment Bill, did the Parliament 759. The 73rd Constitutional amendment act is related to:
lower the voting age from 21 to 18 years? - 61st - Panchayat Raj
(SSC CHSL 28.10.2012) (SSC CHSL 06.12.2015)
740. The National Emergency in India declared by the President 760. Article 368 of the Indian Constitution deals with
of India due to the external aggression or armed revolt - Amending Procedure
through - Article-352 (SSC (10+2) Steno. G ‘C’ & ‘D’. 31.07.2016)
(SSC CGL Tier-I. 21.04.2013), 761. Which period below depicts internal emergency in India
741. Right to Property is become a legal right under under article 352? - 20th June, 1975 to 20th March, 1977
- 44th Amendment act (SSC CPO SI, ASI Online. 05.06.2016),

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