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We have two independent equations to solve for two unknown variables. We can
solve simultaneous equations algebraically using substitution and elimination
methods. We will also show that a system of simultaneous equations can be solved
graphically.
Use the simplest of the two given equations to express one of the
variables in terms of the other.
Substitute into the second equation. By doing this we reduce the
number of equations and the number of variables by one.
We now have one equation with one unknown variable which can be
solved.
Use the solution to substitute back into the first equation to find the
value of the other unknown variable.
The following video shows how to solve simultaneous equations using substitution.
Video: 2FD5
The coefficients of yy in the given equations are 1\text{1} and −1-\text{1} . Eliminate
the variable yy by adding equation (1)\left(1\right) and equation (2)\left(2\right)
together:
This section can be included in the chapter on functions and graphs with graphs of
linear equations. Before beginning this section it may be necessary to revise plotting
graphs of linear equations with your learners.
It is also important that learners are either given the graphs or are encouraged to
draw accurate graphs on graph paper to help them solve simultaneous equations
graphically. Graph sketching software can be used in this section to ensure that
graphs are accurate.
Simultaneous equations can also be solved graphically. If the graphs of each linear
equation are drawn, then the solution to the system of simultaneous equations is the
coordinates of the point at which the two graphs intersect.
For example:
The intersection of the two graphs is (2;1)(2;1) . So the solution to the system of
simultaneous equations is x=2x=2 and y=1y=1 . We can also check the solution
using algebraic methods.
You can use an online tool such as graphsketch to draw the graphs and check your
solution.
From the graph we can see that the lines intersect at x=−2x = -2 and y=−3y = -3
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From the graph we can see that the lines intersect at x=2x = 2 and y=−3y = -3
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Solve for xx :
Substitute the value of xx into the second equation and solve for yy :
−4x+10y=−9−4(110)+10y=−9−410+10y=−9100y=−90+4y=−86100=−4350\begin{alig
n*} -4x + 10y & = -9 \\ -4\left(\frac{1}{10}\right) + 10y & = -9 \\ \frac{-4}{10} + 10y & = -
9 \\ 100y & = -90 + 4 \\ y & = \frac{-86}{100} \\ & = \frac{-43}{50} \end{align*}
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3x−14y=03x - 14y = 0 and x−4y+1=0x - 4y + 1 = 0
Write xx in terms of yy :
x−4y+1=0143y−4y+1=014y−12y+3=02y=−3y=−32\begin{align*} x - 4y + 1 & = 0 \\
\frac{14}{3}y - 4y + 1 & = 0 \\ 14y - 12y + 3 & = 0 \\ 2y & = -3 \\ y & = -\frac{3}{2}
\end{align*}
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Write xx in terms of yy :
x=5x = 5
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Write yy in terms of xx :
y=2x+1y = 2x + 1
Substitute value of yy into second equation:
x+2y+3=0x+2(2x+1)+3=0x+4x+2+3=05x=−5x=−1\begin{align*} x + 2y + 3 & = 0 \\ x +
2(2x + 1) + 3 & = 0 \\ x + 4x + 2 + 3 & = 0 \\ 5x & = -5 \\ x & = -1 \end{align*}
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2x+3y=232(69+4y5)+3y=232(69+4y)+3(5)y=23(5)138+8y+15y=11523y=−23∴y=−1\b
egin{align*} 2x+3y &= 23 \\ 2 \left(\frac{69+4y}{5} \right) +3y &= 23 \\ 2(69+4y) +3(5)y
&= 23(5) \\ 138+8y+15y &= 115\\ 23y &= -23 \\ \therefore y &= -1 \end{align*}
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If we multiply the first equation by 2 then the coefficient of yy will be the same in both
equations:
Solve for xx :
Substitute the value of xx into the first equation and solve for yy :
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If we subtract the second equation from the first then we can solve for yy :
Solve for yy :
Substitute the value of yy into the first equation and solve for xx :
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Substitute the value of xx into the second equation and solve for yy :
5x+5y=15x+5(85)=15x+8=15x=−7x=−75\begin{align*} 5x + 5y & = 1 \\ 5x +
5\left(\frac{8}{5}\right) & = 1 \\ 5x + 8 & = 1 \\ 5x & = -7 \\ x &= \frac{-7}{5} \end{align*}
Therefore x=−75 and y=85x = - \frac{7}{5} \text{ and } y = \frac{8}{5} .
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Solve for xx :
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Let
2(x2+2)−3x2+2=2−3x2+22x2+4−3=2(x2+2)−32x2+1=2x2+10=0\begin{align*}
\frac{2(x^2 + 2) - 3}{x^2 + 2} &= 2 - \frac{3}{x^2 + 2} \\ 2x^2 + 4 - 3 &= 2(x^2 + 2) - 3 \\
2x^2 + 1 &= 2x^2 + 1 \\ 0 &= 0 \end{align*}
Since this is true for all xx in the real numbers, xx can be any real number.
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y=−2xy = -2x
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x=−2y+1x = -2y + 1
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y=6x+2y = 6x + 2
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y=−2x+5y = -2x + 5
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y=−x+5y = -x + 5
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