Sie sind auf Seite 1von 68

INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT

On

KITEX LIMITED, KIZHAKAMBALAM

Submitted by

JEMINI VARGHESE

MES College Nedumkandam


Chembalam, P.O : Idukki Dist.

MES College, Nedumkandam


1
INTRODUCTION

MES College, Nedumkandam


2
Introduction to Industry and its Evolution

New innovations in clothing production, manufacture and design came during


the industrial revolution – these new wheels, looms, and spinning processes changed
clothing manufacture forever. There were various stages –from a historical
perspective-where the textile industry evolved from being a domestic small-scale
industry, to the status of supremacy it currently holds. The ''cottage stageʺ was the first
stage in its history where textile were produced on a domestic basis.

Clothing manufactured during the industrial revolution formed a big part of


the exports made by Great Britain they accounted for almost 25% of the total exports
made at that time doubling in the period between 1701 and 1770. The center of the
cotton industry in Great Britain was Lancashire –and the amount export from 1701 to
1770 had grown ten times .However, wool was the major export item at this point of
time. In the industrial revolution era, a lot of effort was made to increase the speed of
the production through inventions such as the flying shuttle in 1773, the flyer-and-
bobbin system, and the Roller spinning machine by John Wyatt and Lewis Paul in
1738.

During this period cloth was made from materials including Wool, flax and
cotton .The material depended on the area where the cloth was being produced, and
time they were being made. In the latter half of the medieval period in the northern
part of Europe ,cotton come to be regarded as imported fiber .During the later phase
of the 16th century cotton was grown in the warmer climes of America and Asia

During the Industrial Revolution, new machines such as spinning wheels and
handlooms came into the picture; making clothing material quickly became an
organized industry-as compared to the domesticated activity it had been associated
with before. A number of new innovations led to the industrialization of the textile
industry in Great Britain. In the initial phases, textile mills were located in and around
the rivers since they were powered by water wheels. After the stream engine was
invented, the dependence on the rivers ceased to a great extent .

MES College, Nedumkandam


3
In the later phase of the 20thcentury, shuttles that were used in the textile
industry were developed and became faster and thus more efficient .This led to the
replacement of the older shuttles with the new ones. Today , modern techniques,
electronics and innovations have led to a competitive, low –priced textile industry
offering almost any type of cloth or design a person could desire .With its low cost
labor base ,china has come to dominate the global textile industry.

Global Scenario

According to statistics, the global textile market possesses a worth of more


than $400 billion presently. In a more globalize environment the industry has faced
high competition as well as opportunities. It is predicted that global textile production
will grow by 25% between 2002 and 2010 and Asian region will largely contribute in
this regard .High production of wool, cotton and silk over the world has boosted the
industry in recent years.

Japan, India, Hong Kong and China became leading producers due to their
cheap labor supply, which is an important factor for the industry the World Trade
Organization (WTO) has taken so many steps for uplifting this sector. In the year
1995, WTO had renewed its MFA and adopted Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
(ATC), which states that all quotas on textile and clothing will be removed among
WTO member countries. However the level of exports in textiles from developing
countries is increasing even if in the presence of high tariffs and quantitative
restrictions by economically developed countries. Moreover the role of
multifunctional textiles, eco-textiles and customized textiles are considered as the
future of the textile industry.

Indian Scenario

Textile industry in India is the second largest employment generator after


agriculture. It holds significant status in India as it provides one of the most
fundamental necessities of the people. Textile industry was one of the earliest
industries to come into existence in India and it accounts for more than 30% of the
total exports .In fact Indian textile industry is the second largest in the world, second
only to China.

MES College, Nedumkandam


4
Textile industry is unique in terms that it is an independent industry, from the
basic requirement of raw materials to the final products, with huge value addition at
every stage of processing. Textile industry in India has vast potential for creation of
employment opportunities in the agricultural, industrial, organized and decentralized
sectors rural and urban areas, particularly for women and the disadvantaged. Indian
textile industry is constituted of the following segments: Readymade Garments,
Cotton Textiles including Handlooms, Man-made Textiles, Woolen Textiles,
Handicrafts, Coir and Jute.

Till the year 1985, development of textile sector in India took place in terms of
general policies. In 198, for the first the importance of textile sector was recognized
and a separate policy statement was announced with regard to development of textile
sector .In the year 2000, National textile policy was announced. Its main objective
was to provide cloth of acceptable quality at reasonable prices for the vast majority of
the population of the country, to increasingly contribute to the provision of sustainable
employment and the economic growth of the nation and to compete with confidence
for an increasing share of the global market. The policy also aimed at achieving the
target of textile and apparel exports of us$ 50 billion by 2010 of which the share of
garments will be us$ 25 billion.

Characteristics of Indian Textile Industry

a. India has rich resources of raw materials of textile industry. It is one of the
largest producers of cotton in the world and is also rich in resources of fibers
like polyester, silk, viscose etc.
b. India is rich in highly trained manpower .the country has a huge advantage due
to lower wage rates. Because of low labor rates the manufacturing cost in
textile automatically comes down to very reasonable rates.
c. India is highly competitive in spinning sector and has presence in almost all
processes of the value chain
d. Indian garment industry in very diverse in size, manufacturing facility, type of
apparel produced, quantity and quality of output, cost, requirement for fabric
etc.. It comprises suppliers of ready-made garments for both domestic or
export markets.
e. Indian textile industry is highly fragmented in industry structure, and is led by
small scale companies. The reservation of production for very small

MES College, Nedumkandam


5
companies that was imposed with the intention to help out small scale
companies across the country, led substantial fragmentation that distorted the
competitiveness of industry. Smaller companies do not have the fiscal
resources to enhance technology or invest in the high –end engineering of
processes. Hence they lose in productivity.
f. Indian labor laws are relatively unfavorable to the trades and there is an urgent
need for labor reforms in India.
g. India seriously lacks in trade pact memberships, which leads to restricted
access to the other major markets.

Problems Facing by Textile Industry in India

The cotton textile industry is reeling under manifold problems. The major
problems are the following;

Sickness:-

Sickness is widespread in the cotton textile industry. After the engineering


industry, the cotton textile industry has the highest industry incidence of sickness. As
many as 125 sick units have been taken over by the Central Government. Sickness is
caused by various reasons like the problems mentioned below.

Obsolescence:-

Plant, machinery and technology employed by a number of units are obsolete.


The need today is to make the industry technologically up-to-date rather than expand
capacity as such. This need was foreseen quite some time back and schemes for
modernization of textile industry had been introduced. The soft loan scheme was
introduced a few years back and some units were able to take advantage of the
scheme and modernize their equipment. However, the problem has not been fully
tackled and it is of utmost importance that the whole industry is technologically
updated.

Govt. Regulations:-

Government Regulations like the obligation to produced controlled cloth are against
the interests of the country. During the last two decades the excessive regulations

MES College, Nedumkandam


6
exercised by the government on the mill sector has promoted inefficiency in both
production and management. This has also resulted in a colossal waste of raw
materials and productive facilities. For example, the mills are not allowed to use
filament yarn in warp in order to protect the interest of art silk and power loom sector
which use this yarn to cater to the affluent section of society.

Textile Industry in Kerala

The first cotton textiles mill was established in 1883 in Kallai near Kozhikode by P.S
Santhappa Chettiyar and M. Guptan Namboothiripad, known as Malabar Spinning
and Weaving Mill. The commercial production was started in 1887. Later in 1976 the
mill was taken over by Government of Kerala and handled over to Kerala state
textiles corporation. The second mill presently called Parvathi Mills Ltd. Was started
in 1884 by James Darragan, an English man using 19 acres of land donated by the
Maharaja of Travancore. In 1888, the mill was sold to another British industrialist
named AT VIN. In 1932 the management was taken over by Kerala Textiles
Corporation. In April 1974, the mill was nationalized under sick textiles undertaking
(nationalization) Act and was made a unit of National Textiles Corporation (NTC)
Limited Bangalore, which is a subsidiary of NTC Delhi. Sitaram Textiles Ltd.,
another oldest mill was established in 1903 as a Private Limited Company. Balarama
Iyyer started it. Later due to mismanagement and labor trouble, company was
liquidated in 1954.

The factory was gutted down due to fire in 1959 and spinning production was
completely stopped. The Government of Kerala purchased this unit as a result of
liquidation and public auction in 1972, with the modest start of these mills, the
number of cotton textile mill rose to 31. The government of Kerala has announced in
state assembly on March 29, 1994, its Willingness to start 5 more spinning mills, one
each of Kazargod, Kozhikode, Trissur, Kottayam and Malapuram along with the
commissioning of corporative spinning mill at Alappy with a spindle capacity of 6000
spindles.

Cotton textiles industries are concentrated in district of Trissur and Palakkad


followed by Ernakulum and Kannur. These four districts together account for nearly

MES College, Nedumkandam


7
3/4th of the spinning mills in Kerala. The numbers of existing composite mills are
quite low i.e., only four in number, its growth during the last 10 years is nil. Due to
the unprofitable nature of composite mill, Malabar spinning and weaving mill
discontinued its weaving operation and concentrated on spinning only. Calicut
modern spinning mill once turned sick is now taken over by a financially sound third
party and found earnings before the last, decade. There are 7 cotton textile mills in
Trissur including one composite mill. Kottayam stands last in the list with only one
state owned mill.

There are 16 private mill in Kerala of which 14 are spinning mills and the rest
2 are composite mills. The national textile corporation has got under it, 4 spinning
mills and 1 composite mill. The corporate sector owns only 2 spinning mills. In
Kerala the Trissur corporative spinning mills with an installed spindle capacity of
12,000 spindles is the smallest mill followed by Kathayee Cotton Mills Limited with
14,860 spindles.

Another welcome feature was that a 100% export oriented unit, Past Pin India
Ltd. Started commercial production at Palakkad. These units are located at Palakkad
near Tamilnadu border. Another corporative mill, Allepey Corporative spinning mill at
Kayamkulam is yet to be commissioned. Out of the 31 mills in Kerala, 14 are private
sector, 8 under National Textiles Corporation, 4 under Corporative Sector and 5 under
K.S.T.C.

Industry Competitor Analysis


Indian textile industry is one of the oldest and most significant industries in the
country. It accounts for around 4 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP), 14 per
cent of industrial production and over 13 per cent of the country's total export
earnings. In fact, it is the largest foreign exchange arning sector in the country.
Moreover, it provides employment to over 35million people. The Indian textile
industry is estimated to be around US$ 52 billion and is likely to reach US$ 115
billion by 2012. The Domestic market is likely to increase from US$ 34.6 billion to
US$ 60 billion by 2012. It is expected that India's share of exports to the world would
also increase fromthe current 4 per cent to around 7 per cent during this period.
Textile industry provides one of the most fundamental necessities of the people. It is

MES College, Nedumkandam


8
an independent industry, from the basic requirement of raw materials to the final
products, with huge value-addition at every stage of processing. In fact, it is estimated
that one out of every six households in the country directly or indirectly depends on
this sector .Here we analyze the sector's dynamics through porter's five-force model.

Competitors in Textile Industry

a. Raymond ltd. Mumbai


b. Grasim Industries Ltd. Nagda
c. S.Kumar. Kolkata
d. Reliance Industries Ltd. Mumbai
e. Mafatlal Industries. Mumbai
f. Arvind Mills Ltd. Ahmadabad
g. Nirmala Fabrics. Thane
h. Ramraj Cotton Mills
i. The Bombay Deying&Mfg Pvt ltd. Mumbai
j. MCR Cotton Mill

a) Threat of New Entrants

Indian Textile Industry is very dependent on personal contacts and experience.


The new actors would have to bring some kind of client base along with the new
establishment. Product differentiation may constitute a barrier of entry as
manufacturers are heavily dependent on references and word of mouth. Without any
established client portfolio it is difficult to attract, endure increased costs in creating
sample collections to show potential customers .Hence, in startup phase costs are not
only associated with the manufacturing required but also with the costs for designers
and creating samples. In the sense of reference dependency, barriers of entry are
considered as very strong. As the new entrant has limited experience in textile
manufacturing and there are no built up relationships with customers, they might
experience disadvantages relative to the established competitors. Governmental
policies do affect the business environment to some extent. An example of this is
subsidies, which are offered to company’s establishing production in certain regional
areas .In addition to these potential barriers of entrance, new entrants may have
second thoughts about entering the new market, if existing manufacturers may
retaliate on new entrants. The Indian textile industry though, has such a large
population of manufacturers so any new actors may hardly be noticed by the
competition, which minimizes the risk for retaliation.

MES College, Nedumkandam


9
b) Bargaining Power of Customers (Demand Scenario)

Global textile & clothing industry is currently pegged at around US$ 440 bn.US
and European markets dominate the global textile trade accounting for64% of
clothing and 39% of textile market. With the dismantling of quotas ,global textile
trade is expected to grow (as permckinsey estimates) to US$650bn by 2012 (5 year
CAGR of 10%). Although China is likely to become the 'supplier of choice', other low
cost producers like India would also benefit as the overseas importers would try to
mitigate their risk of sourcing from only one country. The two-fold increase in global
textile trade is also likely to drive India’s exports growth. India's textile export (at
US$ 15bn in 2005) is expected to grow to US$ 40bn, capturing a market share of
close to 8% by 2012. India, in particular, is likely to benefit from the rising demand in
the home textiles and apparels segment, wherein it has competitive edge against its
neighbors. Hence, the bargaining power of customers is strong. For that reason, it is of
importance for a producer of apparel to differentiate their products or production so it
will not compete with price as primary mean. Differentiation is accomplished either
by quality or service. Differentiation can be considered as especially important in the
Indian textile industry since contracts are usually set on short-term basis and are
rarely set more than six months ahead. Hence, there is a need to tie the customer to
manufacturers without the need of explicit contracts. And thus, the bargaining power
for the Customer is improved.

c) Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Supply Scenario)

India is a country where we have numerous players in textile industry which all
are varied in terms of size and power. There has been increase in production and
supply of textile products in last few decades globally, mainly due to rapidly changing
social and economic structure of the countries worldwide. In past few years,
especially after the removal the trade related tariffs and non-tariff barriers in 2005,
Asian countries such as India, china, Hong Kong and Japan have emerged as major
players in this particular industry, mainly due to their changes on economic front and
infrastructure developments. The large number of available suppliers in India gives an
initial indication of a weak bargaining position for the supplier group. Additionally,
the supplier group lacks switching costs and has a low level of product differentiation.

MES College, Nedumkandam


10
This leads to great possibilities for textile manufacturers to scout the supplier group
for best terms and prices for production. As a result, manufacturers can contact a large
number of suppliers and play suppliers against each other. Such behavior weakens the
bargaining power for suppliers and as a result pushes prices down and makes prices
similar among suppliers.

An advantage which the Indian Suppliers group has capitalized on is, Due to
their ability to integrate forward in value added chain, they have achieved a better
bargaining position towards textile manufacturing. As previously seen, companies in
the textile and apparel sector have established forward to create vertically integrated
company groups. Deep relationships between manufacturers and suppliers illustrate
how important the textile manufacturing industry is for the supplier group. An
example of this is how suppliers and manufactures interact in activities such as
research and development (R&D). By this process the supplier obtains knowledge on
what customers downstream in the value added chain demands.

d) Threat of Substitute Products

Here the Industry is dealing with production and marketing of Lungies, Mull, Bed
sheets, Innerwear’s etc. These products are used for a specific purpose only. So none
of the Different category product can’t be replace the product. There are variations in
types of clothing and material. Variations in textile segment can also be identified as
trends in fashion and styles. Hence products within the apparel segment can act as
substitutes but the general conclusion still stands there’s no substitute products.

e) Competitive Rivalry within the Industry

The textile manufacturing segment in India is made out of numerous


manufacturers which all are varied in terms of size and power. It is a massive sector
with thousands of companies producing apparel. The apparent high growth rate of
total textile exports indicates that the rivalry between manufacturers is low. The
growth rate is high in some product segments but even negative in others. Hence, the
rivalry between apparel manufacturers is diverse since they enjoy different growth

MES College, Nedumkandam


11
rates. Additionally, textile as a perishable product group is in the risk of temptations to
cut prices when demand slackens. For example, when there are recessions in the
business cycle apparel prices will drop significantly in price. Both these factors
exemplify and indicate that the rivalry between manufacturers is high. As Indian
apparel manufacturers are pressured to lower prices in order to stay competitive with
companies abroad, the overall rivalry within the industry gets companies to expand
their customer base in order to keep profits up. It is therefore reasonable to believe
that such expansions may occur on the behalf of competitors if possible, and thereby
increase the rivalry in the industry.

MES College, Nedumkandam


12
COMPANY PROFILE

3 Introductions to ANNA Group of Companies

More than three decades age in 1968, when Mr.M.C.Jacob founded the Anna
Aluminum Company, he made a break with the past. Belonging to an affluent family
of plantation owners, he ventured in to the risk world of manufacturing industry and
hoped for the best, while working very hard to make his maiden venture to a great

MES College, Nedumkandam


13
success. Today the group is involved in manufacturing of aluminum sheets, circles,
vessels and utensils, spices, and fabric, school bags, garments and marine exports etc.
The ‘Anna’ range vessels and utensils are highly popular in domestic market and in
the Middle East, U.S.A, Africa, and Australia. The group of turnover is around 200 cr.

Anna Group, a multi core success story began in 1968 is now spread heading
the thrust in to the new millennium. From a company devoted to the manufacture of
aluminum vessels and utensils, it involves spices and fabric, school bags, garments
and marine exports. It has emerged as a Multidimensional giant with interest in
various fields ranging from textiles to spices to baggage. Anna Group, where quality
the buzz word has opened new vistas of exciting challenges. Today Anna ranges of
product are very popular in domestic market and overseas.

Anna-Kitex group is one of the leading industrial groups in the state of Kerala
employing more than 12,500 personnel for the past 40 years. The group is engaged in
the manufacture of diverse products like garments, textiles, school bags, travel bags,
umbrellas, aluminum utensils, kitchen appliances, branded spices, curry powders and
ready to eat food which is marketed in the famous brands of Kitex, Scooby-day, Anna
aluminum, Chackson and Saras. The Anna-Kitex group is a pioneer in the fashion
industry Anna Group, Where quality - the buzzword - has built success.

Anna range of vessels and utensils are highly popular in the Middle East, USA,
Africa and Australia. The organization comes under Anna Group are as follows:
a. Kitex Limited
b. Anna Aluminum Company (Chackson)
c. Sara’s spices
d. Kitex Garments
e. Scoobeeday products pvt ltd

1Kitex Limited

Anna Group’s weaving unit, Kitex Limited was established in 1975. The company is
engaged in the production of fabrics made of cotton and other blends, grey cloth, bed
sheets and lungies. Through the years, the company has carved a niche for itself in
this highly competitive industry with its tradition of world class quality.

MES College, Nedumkandam


14
Kitex is engaged in production of fabrics made of cotton and other blends,
grey cloth, bed sheets and lungies are available in four various types-Executive,
Medium Super, Medium and Economy all are priced differently. Kitex white gives us
an array of white dhothies single as well as double. It becomes with streaks of colors
and gold to add to the looks our dhothies. We also have beautiful and wide range of
bed sheets under the label of Sweet Dreams. Through the years the company has
carved a niche for itself in this highly competitive industry with its tradition of world
class quality.

Kite has a well-organized production department and is committed to cent


percentage quality in all the production process. In the production department Kitex
has 383 power looms and 22 automated loom. There are about 390 workers in the
plant. They use both automated and power looms in the production process. The
annual sales range is in between US $10 million – US $50 million. Kitex follows a
line organizational structure and their span of management is narrow due to this they
have the advantage like reinforcing authority relationship by emphasis of status given,
preventing cross communication etc.

Kitex products are marketed through 2000 authorized dealers. Kitex fabrics
are now exported to many parts of the world. Kitex is going in for a major expansion
plan to augment the production capacity. At the dawn of the new millennium Kitex
entered in to the luggage and baggage industry under the brand name of scoobeeDay.

VITAL STATUS

Name : Kitex Limited

Address : Kizhakkambalam, Aluva

Registered Office : Kizhakkambalam

Nature of the incorporation: privet Limited Company

Nature of Business : Manufacturing of cotton textiles & bag

MES College, Nedumkandam


15
Nature of Product : Industrial Products & Consumer Products

Brand Name of the Product: Kitex

Total Built up area : 16, 50,000 sq.feet,

500 modern looms,

20million sq.meter of cotton, & cotton Blends.

Employment potential :1400

Production Capacity : 3,500 sq.per day

Total Capital Employed : Rs 3, 39, 01,060

Annual Sales Range : 200 crores

Growth : Steady

Founder : Sri: M.C.Jacob

Chairman : Mr Bobby.M.Jacob

Director : Mrs: Mini Bobby Jacob

Managing Director : Mr Sabu jacob

Auditor : Mr. Anil Kumar & Co

Banker : Federal Bank, ICICI, Canara Bank

ISO CERTIFICATION

Kitex got ISO 9001-2000 IN February-2007. They are committed to manufacture


and deliver quality. Kitex Limited is the leading manufacturer with ISO 9001 - 2000
in South India of all varieties of Greige Fabrics, Yarn dyed fabrics, Dobby and Leno
dobby fabrics made of Cotton, Polyester cotton, Cotton Nylon, Cotton Flax, Linen,
Cotton Linen, Cotton Lycra, Polyester Lycra etc. They can do any weaves / qualities
like cambric’s, sheeting’s, poplins, mulls, casements, drills, twills, linos, satins, bed

MES College, Nedumkandam


16
fords, oxfords, stripes etc. They have 525 running Looms of Sulzer, Picanol, Dornier
& Cimmco making around 13,00,000 Mtrs of fabrics every month.

They are the leading manufacturer with ISO 9001 - 2000 in South India of all
varieties of Greige Fabrics, Yarn dyed fabrics, Dobby and Leno dobby fabrics made
of Cotton, Polyester cotton, Cotton Nylon, Cotton Flax, Linen, Cotton Linen, Cotton
Lycra etc

World Class Manufacturer

Customer Policy strategy Quality, Leadership,


process and Teamwork
people

Vision and Mission

1Vision of KitexLtd

a. To reach the excellent quality standards in the coming year


b. To keep in place with modern technologies and concepts
c. To organize supply of materials with minimum cost to maximum extent
possible without any compromise in quality
d. A world class manufacturing company focusing on all round business
excellence through Total Quality Management System with committed
leadership effective team work delighted customers and satisfied
employees in an environment friendly organization.

MES College, Nedumkandam


17
2Mission of Kitex Limited

Fabrics and processed fabrics as per the customer specification efficiently in a


professional and environment friendly manner, on time, and at the right cost with at
most customer specification to become a world class organization through
improvement.

Objectives

1. Increase sales of value added item by 20% from the existing level.

2. Reduce rejection by 10% from the present level.

3. Reduce customer complaint by 10%.

4. Increase product range by introducing new inner garments

2Product Details
2.1 Lungies
a. Executive
Superior quality lungies available in various designs and colors.
b. Medium Super
Comfortable lungies you would love to drape. Available in various designs
and color combinations.

MES College, Nedumkandam


18
c. Medium
Experience freedom and coolness with Medium range of lungies; comes to
you in warm colors and in various designs.
d. Economy
After a hard day’s work, jump into lungi to ease your tension, to sooth
your senses and to feel relaxed.

2.2 Dhothies
a. Smartline
White single dhothy with streaks of either dark red or dark blue or dark
green lines, which can be worn equally at home and outdoors.
b. Smartline Gold
Cream color single dhothy with streaks of Gold Jerry lines for special
occasions.
c. Ready wear
Plain white single dhothy you'll love to drape. The anywhere, anytime
wear.
d. Samrat
Pure cotton white double dhothy with lines in 5 different colors to choose.

2.3 Bed Sheets


Following are the types of bed sheets
a. Sweet dreams 50
b. Sweet dreams 60
c. Sweet dreams double sheet
d. Dbl.Side 60 bed sheet + 2 pillow covers
e. Solitude double sheet
f. Sweet dreams king knight
g. Duplex / solitude bed sheets + 2 pillow covers
h. Soft dreams king size + 2 pillow covers
i. Sweet dreams DS + 2 pillow covers

MES College, Nedumkandam


19
2.4 Scoobee Products
At the dawn of new millennium the new generation was presented with an innovative school
bag from Kitex, the main offshoot of Anna Group. ScoobeeDay bags are compactly designed
with unique features that make it durable, colorful, comfortable and easy to carry. The bag
features anti strain shoulder padding’s and acupressure buds specially designed to minimize the
strain on the back and shoulders.

Following are the types of bags:-


a. School Bags
b. College bags
c. Kinder garden bags

2.5TrawelldayBags
The company has ventured into a new segment of bag production as TREWELLDAY bags.
This wide ranges of luggage and baggage products with latest trends and design and is made
from imported raw materials. The bags are priced premium and has good market share. The
price range is from Rs.650/- to Rs.3000/-. The range includes
a. Trolley bags
b. Travel bags
c. Business bags
d. Lap- top bags
e. Back- pack bags
f. Beauty case bags

2.6 Dago Bert Shirting and Suiting


Dago Bert Shirting and Suiting are woven from the finest cotton, using the toughest materials
that are soft to touch when draped on your body. Featuring the most contemporary designs
along with the latest weaving techniques, Dago Bert Shirting and Suiting are available in
variety of colors and shades.

2.7 Agna and Adonis Inner Wear

Kitex has made its foray into the untapped lingerie segment with brand names Adonis
and AGNA. ADONIS-inner wear for men and AGNA- inner wear for ladies, with

MES College, Nedumkandam


20
Anna group promise of quality, both comes competitively priced and ensure complete
value for money. ADONIS a range of refined vests and briefs and AGNA a range of
Bras and Panties ensure seamless fit and finish. Both brands use specially processed
fabric which feels smooth and healthy even on the soft skin of newborns. It provides
ample space for stretching, bending and rigorous exercise without tearing

3 Organization Structure

Kitex Ltd follows the line or military organizational structure. Managing Director is
the top level, other functional managers followed by him. The span of management in
the organization is narrow span. The main advantage of this type of control is that
close supervision, clear chain of command, and close control and fast communication
between subordinates and supervisors. The model of the organization design is
mechanistic model.

An efficient management system plays a dominant role in the success of all


business units. It is this section that declares the levels of output, its product in
pattern, pricing technique, marketing style and even the mode of conduct to its
executives.

Managing director who are the representatives of the shareholders take the
important decisions of the group concerns. They perform strategic planning and
policy making functions of Kitex ltd. For their help General Manager, top executives
of the company management are appointed. General manager is responsible for the
smooth, efficient and productive functioning of the units from the production to the
marketing.

The middle level management comprises of production manager, marketing


manager, financial manager, personnel manager and purchase manager, and store
manager and quality controller.

Average Qualification of Employees

a) Top Level: Professionally qualified having sufficient industry experience.

b) Middle Level: Graduation and above with experience in the relevant areas (both
technical and managerial)

MES College, Nedumkandam


21
c) Junior Level / First line management: Diplomas / industrial training certification
in the textile industry and experience.

ORGANIZATION CHART

MES College, Nedumkandam


22
Chairman & M.D

THE ORGANISATION
Vice President

General Manager

MES College, Nedumkandam


Manager Personnel & Administration
Quality Manager
roduction Manager Purchase Manager Store ManagerFinance Manager General Manager

Shift In charge Manager Finance Asst.manager


Quality InspectorPurchase Ofcer
Ofce Assistant

Supervisor ExecutiveManager Administration


Manager Personnel
Assistant Inspector
Assistant Ofcer

23
Workers
Manager executive Manager executives Executive
THE DEPARTMENTS

MES College, Nedumkandam


24
Finance and Accounts Department

Finance is the life blood of business. Finance department consists of all the
managerial activities of raising funds and effective utilization. Finance department lies
in decision making area of investment, finance and dividend. Recruitment and
promotion in production are the activities of H.R Department. But it requires the
payment of wages, salaries and other benefits; these are done by finance department.
Finance manager is the head of finance in Kitex. He decides when and where to
acquire funds to meet firms investment needs. He should determine the proposition of
equity debt. The finance department should strive for obtaining the optimum capital
structure for the organization.

Functions of Finance Department

The activities expected from a finance department cover a wide range from basic
bookkeeping to providing information to assisting managers in making strategic
decisions. What to expect from your finance department will depend largely on
factors such as how much involvement the owner/manager has in the organization.

At the base level, your finance department will be responsible for all the day to
day transactional accounting for the business. This will include the tracking of all
transactions and the management of any government reporting. In very small owner-
managed businesses this role is often filled by a family member with accounting
experience. An outside accounting firm is usually used for annual financial statements
and returns. In larger organizations this role will extend right through to preparing the
financial statements with an external auditor engaged for assurance purposes.

The finance department is also responsible for management of the organization’s


cash flow and ensuring there are enough funds available to meet the day to day
payments. This area also encompasses the credit and collections policies for the
company’s customers, to ensure the organization is paid on time, and that there is a
payment policy for the company’s suppliers. In most organizations there will be some

MES College, Nedumkandam


25
form of forecast prepared on a regular basis to systematically calculate the ongoing
cash needs.

Where there are cash needs beyond the day to day working capital, the finance
department is responsible for advising and sourcing longer term financing. Financing
may be obtained though bank or private lender debt or, in applicable firms, share
issues to private investors. If the organization is ready to target angel investors or
venture capitalists the finance department will be key in preparing the documents
required for these presentations and may work with outside consultants on a company
valuation. In larger firms considering public share offerings the finance department
will assist with the preparation of the offering documents but will likely also use
outside consultants to advise on this complicated process.

With the must-do’s taken care of, the finance department can now start to
contribute to the management and improvement of the operations by measuring and
reporting regularly on key numbers crucial to the success of the organization.
Management accounting information is information that managers can use to monitor
the operations and decide where further attention may be required. It will likely
include some non-financial information and should be communicated to managers in
a way that is easy to understand. In smaller owner-managed businesses this resource,
though extremely important, is often overlooked or ignored.

Looking forward, the finance department will work with managers to prepare the
organization’s budgets and forecasts, and to report back on the progress against these
throughout the year. This information can be used to plan staffing levels, asset
purchases and expansions and cash needs, before they become necessary. Some
organizations often ‘plan’ by the seat of their pants, while organizations know it is
important to have some idea of where you want to go before you start going there.

Finally, the finance department should be called upon to provide information to


assist managers in making key strategic decisions, such as which markets or projects
to pursue or the payback periods for large capital purchases. The finance department
can often contribute an objective perspective based on special financial assessment
techniques.

MES College, Nedumkandam


26
In summary, some organizations know the finance department should be
considered a resource to assist managers in the running of the business. With the
growing popularity of outsourced finance departments, it is possible for even small
businesses to have access to all of the benefits of a full finance department, through
part time professionals, at a fraction of the cost of employing a full time finance
department.

a. Recording day to day business transaction – accounting


b. Preparation of various statements regarding stock, receivables etc…
which are to be submitted to various authorities like bankers, insurers
etc…
c. Planning and controlling of the expenses or funds for production
d. Approving and making payments to different parties or creditors or
suppliers
e. Receiving payments from customers or dealers in specific time
f. Raising short term loan or credit from bank and other financial
institutions
g. Preparation of sales budget or revenue budgets and expenditure
budgets on a quarterly basis
h. Preparation and maintenance of costing records
i. Preparation of fund flow and cash flow statements every month
j. Timely preparation and filling of financial reports and records
k. Preparing and filling of quarterly and financial income tax returns
l. Preparation and implementation of cost reduction and cost control
programs

In addition to the above mentioned works, the following reports prepared by the
finance department

a. Annual reports containing past performance and current financial figures


b. Profit and loss account
c. Balance sheet
d. Fund flow statement
e. Cash flow statement
f. Cost sheet

MES College, Nedumkandam


27
g. Cost variance report
h. Bank reconciliation statement
i. Comparative statements
j. Budget reports etc…

Functional Areas of Financial Department in Kitex


a. Determine financial needs
b. Determining sources of funds
c. Financial analysis
d. Optimal capital structure
e. Cost volume profit analysis
f. Profit planning and evaluation
g. Capital budgeting

Chairman &
Managing Director

General Manager

Manager (Finance) Manager


(Accounts)

Assistant Manager Assistant Manager

Executive Executive Executive Executiv


(Bank) (Data Entry) (Tax) e
(Central
Excise)

Cashier

Structure of finance Department

MES College, Nedumkandam


28
Production Department
Production is the process by which raw materials and other inputs are
converted in to outputs. Among all functional areas of management, production is
considered to be crucial in any organization like Kitex Ltd. In Kitex Ltd, mainly the
production of Greige clothes takes place under the production department. The
production manager is known as Weaving Master.

Functions of Production Manager

a. To produce good quality fabrics in accordance with the requirements and


maintain high productivity standards
b. Raw materials, industrial scheduling and co-ordination with purchase
department
c. Prescribing required quality control measure and implementing the same
d. Arranging dispatch of fabrics, process as per the requirements of sales
department
e. Arranging recruitment through personnel and administrative department and
arranging training for required personnel
f. Implementing perceptive maintenance style for equipment’s and machines
installed.

Functions of Production Department

The following are the main functions of production department.

a. Design of product
b. Design of production system
c. Production planning and control
d. Layout of plant
e. Selection of location
f. Selection of plant and equipment
g. Research and development

MES College, Nedumkandam


29
Director, chairman and managing
director

General Manager

Manager Manager

Shift in charge Preparatory in Electrical


charge engineer

Supervisor Maintenance super


wiser

Jobber Helper

Weaver

MES College, Nedumkandam


30
Structure of Production Department

Production Capacity Utilization and Modernization

The production department or factory has installed capacity of 383 power


looms. 100 % capacity is utilized for production; in addition to the power looms the
company has installed 22 modern looms. It is called Sulzer Looms.

It is imported from Switzerland. The advantage of Sulzer Looms are high aped
and more production than power Looms. It is fully automated and high quality of
goods produced and manpower is less. Width of the cloth produced by modern looms
are more than power looms

Modern Sulzer Looms are operated by qualified and highly experienced


personnel. They are hired from other textile mills and paid well. Other workers are
trained to operate the modern looms under the experienced worker

Ordinary power looms required two persons per loom. Two modern looms
require one person. That means 505 of labor expense can be saved by modern looms.
The ordinary looms are also in the process of automation and modernization. 75 % of
modernization work is completed.

Raw Materials Used for Production

100 % cotton yarn of different specification for different variety of Greige


cloth from the major raw materials used in the production. The other raw materials are
sizing chemicals, starch adhesives. All these form of direct materials for production
the other indirect materials are different consumable stores, spares, cleaning

MES College, Nedumkandam


31
chemicals.

The company never faced any raw material shortage. This is due to efficient
supply chain management, scientific estimation of raw material requirements and
timely procurement of raw materials. The purchase department plays active role in the
effective and timely procurement of raw materials. The total average consumption of
100 % yarn / month.

Production Program

The process of textile industry is broadly divided in to two:-

a. Spinning

b. Weaving

In spinning, the yarns of various counts are manufactured. Count is the measure of
fines of the yarn. The process of manufacturing the pure cotton Greige cloth from this
cotton yarn is called weaving.

In Kitex Ltd, the weaving of cotton Greige cloth is the major process. The basic
output of this unit is 100 % cotton Greige cloth, which is the raw material of most of
the cotton textile industries. About 85% 0f the total sales of these units are from the
sales of lungies, mull, bed sheets, and dhothies prepared from this cotton Greige cloth

Production Process

There is a lot of process should be given to cotton yarn before it undergoes the
process weaving and whole department is known weaving preparation. It is the heart
of weaving mill in the preparatory department the yarn undergoes the process namely

a. Warping
b. Sizing
c. Beam Draw-In

MES College, Nedumkandam


32
d. Pirn Winding
e. Weaving
f. Folding
g. Recounting
h. Grading
i. Bailing

a) Warping

The yarn from spinning mills gets in the form of ones, copies etc… The warping
process consist in winding of a known number of warp threads of a definite length
parallel to each other on warping beam or weavers beam from the cones according to
the number of ends from particular quality there a limit for the number of ends to be
taken in a warping beam. It is known as creel capacity of warping machine. In Kitex
Limited, warping machine is made from Amritha lakshmi Machines Works, Mumbai.
Its real capacity is 564. Before taking a new quality in warping, we have to know
about the construction details of fabrics quality at least the total number of warp ends
in the particular quality. The speed of warping machine might be variable according to
the count of the yarn depending up on the kind of stock yarn and processing
technique.

Sizing (to weave well and size well)

It is the process of strengthening the yarn wound on beam (warp). In this process, the
warp is passed through sized chemicals, which are mainly starch and other adhesives.
This process makes the yarn more rigid and this prevents from breaking while
weaving. The purpose of sizing is to ensure processing of warp in looms with
minimum breakings.

b) Beam Draw-In

The warp from sized beam is first drawn through dropped wires, healds and
clothes and then read dents according to the design to weave (plain/ twill, drill, stain,
weave etc. These drawn beams are gaited or knotted in the loom for weaving. Trained
and experienced beam drawers do this work manually

c) Pim Winding

MES College, Nedumkandam


33
It is the process of winding gain on pirns for perception of weft yarn for
weaving. This yarn need not require sizing most often weft pirns for use in automatic
shuttle loom (power loom) for using looms equipped with a weft feeler, the weft pirns
are wound with a bottom bunch. Due to weft yarn winding the parameters of the pirns
are changed, the yarn quality improved to the estimation of dust, fluff and spinning
faulbs. After winding, the yarn has more uniform and balanced structure. There are
two types of winding machines in this company.

-Automatic pirn winding machines


-Circular pirn winding machines

d) Weaving

The method or process of interacting two yarns so that they cross each
other at right angles to produce fabrics. The warp threads length wise fabrics and
filling threads (weft and picks) run front side to side. The weaving looms may be
classed in to two groups that is looms are intermitted fabric formation and looms for
continuous fabric formation the woven fabric cut down from the loom is again
unwounded and checked the quality by supervision of trained checkers and re
checkers before folding and bailing. The checking inspection is as per American 4
Point System.

e) Folding

After classified the fabrics is folding by machine (1 meter pinning) and


counting the meter length and marked.

f) Recounting

The meter length is again recounted and assured the fabric and sealed and
gone for bailing

g) Grading / Sorting
In the quality department, the following operations are carried out
-Sorting or grading of Greige fabrics
-Checking all technical conditions stipulated for fabrics from fluff, thread ends
-Knots and tags putting a speed mark with a pen on the ends of the fabric piece

MES College, Nedumkandam


34
indicating the fabric style, measure and grade

h) Bailing

The graded or sorted fabrics packed in bailed condition under the supervision on the
basis of quality. The standard packing in one ball contains 1000 meters. For bailing,
the company has a bailing press which is in good working condition

Production is undertaken on the basis of orders received for Greige cloth.


Since the company is having regular orders, there is a continuous production
throughout the year. About 85 % of the Greige cloth produced is selling as such to
parties. The remaining portion of the Greige clothes produced is converted in to
lungies, dhothies, bed sheets and mulls. These are selling to the ultimate consumers
through a dealer network of more than 1600 in numbers spreads all over Kerala and
Tamil Nadu. The companies processing work is doing by various textile dying and
printing units in Erode, Tirupur and Ahmadabad. The conversion process includes
bleaching, dyeing, resizing, printing etc…After the work is done, and different
varieties of goods are recovered back quality checked, packed and marketed by the
company.

Safety is of greater importance in any industrial undertaking. The company


has established safety measures as provided in the Factories Act, 1948. The company
regularly conducts safety awareness programs and training classes for its plant
workers and supervisors. The production units have several safety mechanisms like
firefighting equipment’s, alarming systems, first aid facilities etc… The company has
its own ambulance service to face any emergency. As a result of the strict safety
measures adopted, the company has never come across any major accidents or
breakdowns. The production unit is properly ventilated and has sufficient exhaust fan
and good working conditions.

Pollution Control

The company doesn’t have any pollutant products or bye products. The only
pollutant may be cotton particles that may get spread in the loom shed. To prevent
this, the factory is having sufficient humidifier to help the cotton particles settle on the

MES College, Nedumkandam


35
ground. In addition to this, the factory and premises are cleaned on a regular basis.
The sound of weaving mills is also causes pollution. The company provides sound
deafening materials to the workers to protect their ear drums.

Yarn

Warping Pirn Winding

Sizing

Beam Draw in

Knotting Weaving

Greige Cloth

1st Piece Un Winding Cutting


Inspection

MES College, Nedumkandam


36
Checking Folding Recounting

Dispatch Packing Grading

Production Flow Chart

Marketing Department

Marketing is the activity through which a company is able to generate the revenue for
the functioning of the organization. Kitex Ltd. Has got a very good marketing
department controlled by efficient and dynamic marketing manager. Marketing
manager reports to General Manager and Managing Director. Marketing department is
divided in to three such as Marketing (Greige fabric), Marketing (finished fabric /
bags) and Advertising and Sales Promotion. Under each section, Assistant Managers,
Marketing Executives, Sales Executives and Sales are there to assist him

Kitex markets its processed products like lungies, dhothies, bed sheets and mulls
etc… mainly through dealers. Almost all Kitex products are available at the dealer
shops. The products are transported to the dealers by deliver vans. Sales Executives
take orders of different items from the dealers once in a month

The company is having 1000’s dealers spread all over Kerala. In Greige market,
garment manufactures all 54rrffover India use various textile sorts manufactured by
the company. The company is selling their Greige fabrics as such to various garment
exporters to Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Chennai, Calcutta, Ahmadabad etc… 75 % of

MES College, Nedumkandam


37
the sale is done through authorized agents on commission basis and balance is
through Direct Marketing. The garments manufactured by the group under the brand
name Kitex are accepted all over the world.

Marketing manager is the one who decides the marketing strategies for every
major decision, which effects marketing. But while making some strategic and
important decisions, approval of the Managing Director is required

After collecting the orders, Marketing Managers forward their order to


Production Department. Marketing Manager and Production Manager sits together
and decides the production plan

1 Marketing Policy

This company has a strategic marketing policy. The company mainly targets
its customers and promotional activities are based on the above aspects. The company
doesn’t entertain any middle man. They deal directly with their dealers. The company
is following a hierarchical channel of distribution.

Company

Dealers

Consumers

2. Marketing Function

Kitex has a dealer’s network of more than 2500 dealers spread all over Kerala. The
sales of customer goods are concentrated on Kerala, Tamilnadu, and Karnataka. In
addition the company has direct outlets in Kerala and Tamilnadu. Dealership is
allotted only after assessing the credit worthiness, efficiency, and the products are
delivered through the van of the company either at the dealers goes down or at the
dealer’s show room. The company is selling their Greige fabrics as such to various
garment exporters to Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Chennai, Calcutta etc. 75 % of the

MES College, Nedumkandam


38
sales is done through authorized agents on commission basis and balance is through
direct marketing. The garments manufactured by the group under the brand name
KITEX are accepted all over the world.

3. Marketing Strategies

The marketing department is one of the efficient and effective departments in Kitex.
This department is always vigilant about its environment and very conscious about the
market potential, major competitor’s strategies, weaknesses etc. Maintaining the
efficiency and effectiveness the top management appointed a General Manager for
marketing department. The present GM (marketing) is an experienced management
professional.

In the case of all major companies, the margin is very high when they sell their
products to dealers. However, in the case of Kitex Ltd the margin is comparatively
low. The major problems of competitor’s products are poor quality, poor color dyeing
etc. Compared to other products, most customers choose Kitex brand because of its
high quality despite of it’s a bit high pricing.

Kitex products achieved the maximum market share in the period if festivals like
Onam, Christmas, Ramzan and Vishu. In normal case, profit margins of the products
are 15% to 20%.In the case of technical competence Kitex introduced new automatic
waving suzion looms, which are imported from Switzerland. The only competitor
having this type of technology is Janson. The quality, usage and brand image of Kitex
products in the market is very high.

3.1. Market Segmentation

Marketing consist of buyers of different in one or more aspects. They may differ in
their wants, purchasing power and geographical location, buying attitudes and buying
practices. Any one of the variables can be used to segment a market. The market
segmentation procedure of Kitex mainly focuses on survey.

The marketing manager conducts the survey process. The staff of R&D department is
responsible for it. It includes informal interview, with focus group of consumers to
gain insight in to their motivation, attitude and behavior using their findings, the
researcher prepares a formal questionnaire which is administered to sample of

MES College, Nedumkandam


39
customer to collect data on:

a) Attributes and the important rating.


b) Brand awareness and brand rating.
c) Product usage pattern.
d) Demographic, psychographic and media graphic details of respondents.

3.2. Co-Ordination of Marketing Activities

All Sales Executives are directed to report to the Assistant Managers (sales)
every day. The Assistant Manager and the Marketing Manager are in constant touch
with all Sales Executives who are in the field. All Sales Executives are expected to
submit the Daily Sales Report (DSR) on all Mondays. On all Mondays there is a
meeting of all personnel in Marketing Department preceded over by the General
Manager. In this meeting all the activities and achievements of the departments are
discussed, new plans and strategies to increase sales are formulated and other issues
connected with marketing are discussed.

Show Rooms

The company has showroom sales in addition to sales to its authorized dealers
and franchisees. There are about 20 show rooms speeded all over the major towns in
Kerala.

Customers

The companies customers are average and above average income earners.
Agriculturalists constitute a large portion of the customers

3.3. Pricing Strategies

a. Prestige pricing
b. Penetration pricing
c. Price skimming
d. Price lining
e. Dual pricing

Channels of Distribution

Distribution of Consumer Goods

Producer Consumer

MES College, Nedumkandam


40
Producer Retailer
Consumer

Producer Whole sale Retailer Consumer

Distribution of Industrial Goods

Producer Industrial customers

Producer Agent Industrial


customers

3.4. Price Mix

Price is one of the important elements of marketing mix which has bearing as a
company and its corporate. A well formulated pricing policy provides guidelines to
the marketing manager to enroll appropriate pricing decision. The company follows
skim pricing. The company’s products are premium priced.

Kitex Ltd follows stabilized pricing policy. The company has maintained stable price
for a long period. Price of the product depends upon the price of the yarn. The
reputation of the firm has helped to maintain growth in demand and hence requires
lesser investment in advertisement and promotion.

3.5.Place Mix

The unit of Kitex ltd is located in Kizhakkambalam, Aluva. The company uses their
own distribution channel for supply. The orders were taken by the agents and
according to the order supply will be done on the time suggested by the dealer. The
company also sells through their own factory outlets.

3.6. Promotion Mix

Kitex mainly uses advertisement to promote its products. The basic function of
advertisement is to influence and motivate people to buy products. Various
advertisement agencies are called up and given brief idea about what to advertise and
the agencies prepare a pre-demonstration. After submitting the copy of the same to the
company the advertisement manager, marketing manager, general manager marketing
and general manager direct analyze there and select the best among them and entrust

MES College, Nedumkandam


41
the agencies for drawing up and covering out with their advertisement plan. Then
comes the media selection. Kitex chooses the following media:

T.V : D.D, Asianet , Surya

Video ads :C.E.E videos, SAN videos

Closed circuit TV :K.S.R.T.C,, Railway station

Print media :All dailies ,Vanitha, Grihalakshmi,etc.

Demonstrations and sponsors events

Banner, metal board, wallpaper etc.

In addition, the customer gets valuable information from company’s website.

www.annaaluminium.in

KITEX-STAGES IN THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

 Idea research

 Screening analysis

 Product development

 Market testing

 Commercialization

KITEX-STAGES IN THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

 Introduction

 Growth

 Maturity

 Decline

MES College, Nedumkandam


42
PRICING STRATEGEIS

 Prestige pricing
 Skimming pricing
 Penetration pricing
 Price lining
 Dual pricing

Chairman & Managing Director

General Manager

Manager
Manager Manager (Processed
(Advertisement &
Fabrics)
Sales Promotion)

Assistant Manager Assistant Manager


Assistant
Manager

Marketing Marketing Executive Media Art


Executive

MES College, Nedumkandam


43
Sales Executive
Sales Executive

Marketing Department Structure

Personnel and Administration Department

Now days, Human Recourse is considered as one of the important asset of an


organization. Behind every success company their need a great people making
recruitment and retention. Companies must find new ways to engage the knowledge,
experience talents of the employees to find the hidden values in organization and
leverage that value to achieve strategic goods.

Kitex Ltd has a good HR Department and it maintains good relations with the
employees. This helped the company to achieve tremendous growth. All the
employees’ related activities are managed by this department.

The company employees over 800 workers and does not have any trade union
problems. The workers and management sit across the table and negotiate their
demands and rights. The company has an efficient administrative department which
carried out the several functions.

1. Functions

The main function or role of personnel manager and Administration manager

i. Advisory Role: Industrial psychology and Sociology.


ii. Operative and Service role.
iii. Conciliators Role.
iv. Specialist advisory Role.
a. Formulation of HRD function and suggesting the HRD needs of the
organization.

MES College, Nedumkandam


44
b. To find out ways and means of implementation of HRD Function.
c. Monitoring the HRD activities of the organization.

2. Role of Personnel Manager

a. To create necessary infrastructure for HR development activities.


b. To lease with HR manager in identifying areas for HR development.
c. To arrange proper placement to trained employees.
d. To activate association and employees to take part in HR development
activities which are beneficial to both employee and Management.
e. To monitor utilization and effectiveness of HR development training.

Criteria for Evaluation of Managerial and Supervisory Level

a. Conceptual skills - Innovation, creativity


b. Decision making skills - Analysis problem solving
c. HR skills - Motivation, communication, built team spirit
d. Organizing skills - Organizing on work and other work

3 The Activities Normally Associated with this Department are:

a. Human Resource Planning

Human resource planning is understood as the process of forecasting an


organization future demand for, and supply, of the right type of people in the right
number. In Kitex Ltd, The concerned department is always updating the list of
people (after all preliminary formalities).

b. Recruitment

Recruitment is a process of searching for and obtaining applicants for jobs from
among whom the right candidate can be selected. Recruitment process is done after
the job analysis and job design which specifies the taste and duties of job and

MES College, Nedumkandam


45
qualification expected from the respective job holders.

In Kitex Ltd, the personnel and administration department have a clear cut
recruitment planning. For this they give advertisement in newspaper and other
medias. After collecting all application, department sorts these application and call up
the right candidate for the interview. This process comprises of 5 interrelated stages.
They are:

i. Planning
ii. Strategy Development
iii. Searching
iv. Screening
v. Evaluation and control

In Kitex Ltd, internal recruitment also takes place. This includes present employees,
employee referrals, formal employees and former applicants. For the recruitment of
office staff and managerial personnel, external sources like advertisement in
newspapers, employees weekly etc are used. Other sources are advertisement in
company website, employee references and resumes of the candidates which the
company passes. While selecting the weaver trainees and helpers, qualification along
with sufficient experience in the industry is also required. They can directly appear for
interview. Sometimes selection order is on the basis of the recommendation from the
known person. For skilled jobs like fitter, electrician, instrument technician, jobber
etc. Information is passed through advertisement. For this, experience in respective
field is good advantage.
c. Interview And Selection

The selection is made through direct interview with references of application.


There is no specializing interview board for the company. Those who have applied for
skilled posts will have to appear for skilled tests. By recommendations and proper
reference also employees were selected.

d. Selection Procedure

A person before being appointed to any levels of management a thorough


analysis of post is to be done. Through print media, various vacancies are informed to

MES College, Nedumkandam


46
prospective candidates.

e. Training and Development

Employees are given proper training and development after they have been
recruited, selected and induced. The company gives training to develop and increase
skills for performing a specific job for each trainee. The company also assures
education through companies own community college to increase general knowledge
and to understand total environment.

f. Performance Appraisal

Yearly evaluation of performance is done for the employees. The evaluation


criteria for the managerial and supervisory levels are:

a. Conceptual skills ability


b. Decision making skills ability
c. HR skills ability
d. Organizational skills ability
e. Personal characteristics
f. Job ability
g. Integrity and honesty.

g. Employee Remuneration

Remuneration insisted by the Government of India and Government of Kerala


includes

a. Wages and salaries


b. Incentives

The elements of companies employee reward is as BP + HRA + DA +


Children education allowance

MES College, Nedumkandam


47
h. Bonus

Based on previous year’s profit, 8.33 % - 20 % is given as bonus every year.


Gratuity is paid to employees who have completed 5 years of service

i. Statutory Rules for Employees

EPF, ESI, Medic-Claim insurance and maternity benefit also provided for
employees

j. Leave Rules

Earned leave is calculated at one leave per 20 days and it will be less than15
days per year. In addition to casual leave, 16 annual holidays

k. Shifts

The company is undertaking production on job order basis. The production


department works in 3 shifts

l. Ambulance and Bus Facilities

Company has its own ambulance for emergency use for both workers and
public medical facility in the organization is also good

m. Drinking Water Facilities

Water coolers are installed in the company where ever necessary for the
employees. This company is very cautious about the health of their employees who
faithfully work for their company. Employees strictly agreed that drinking water
provided by the organization is very good.

n. Employee Welfare Measures

In India labor welfare measures can be divided in to statutory welfare measures


and non-statutory or voluntary welfare measures.

MES College, Nedumkandam


48
a) Statutory Welfare Measures
a. Accident Benefit
If the employee, who is covered under the Employee State Insurance Scheme
(ESI), during the works, suffered with an accident he will be paid as per ESI scheme.
If the employee is not covered under ESI, the company will meet all expenses and
grant him special leave in case of any accident. A group accident policy is also taken
by the company by which all the employees will be benefited.

b. Annual Bonds
The company pays annual bonds to its employees based on the company’s
performance in the previous year. 8.33% to20% of the profit is given as bonus every
year.

c. Canteen
The company has separate canteen for male and female employees. For
drinking water, coolers are also installed in the company wherever necessary.

d. Gratuity
Kitex Ltd maintains a gratuity scheme for its employees who have completed 5 years
of experience including training period.

e. Provident Fund
The company contributes 12.5% in the employee P.F scheme.

b) Voluntary Welfare Measures

a. Attendance Allowance
b. Uniform Allowance
c. Children’s education allowance
d. Free tea and coffee for office staff
e. Funeral expenses on the death of family members of the employees
f. Saving schemes for employees
g. Stands as guarantee for the employees to buy vehicles and house holder on
hire purchase
h. Leave- Earned leave for 15days is granted to employees. Maternity leave of
12weeks is granted to the female employees

MES College, Nedumkandam


49
i. Free accommodation is granted to female employees
j. Night shift allowances and OT allowance
k. One day tour program is conducted once in every 2 years
l. Health and Safety measures.

o. Hostel

In Kitex Ltd, organization provides separate hostel facilities for the ladies and
gents. It includes canteen, accommodation, and entertainment facility. For the purpose
of administration of ladies hostel, organization has appointed a hostel warden and two
assistant warden and hostel staff. In every weekend the P&A manager or personnel
officer visits and check the facilities and function of the hostel. Also the department
conducts performance appraisal and annual day celebration for the employees.

p. Security Department

For the security and discipline of Kitex Ltd, the organization provides a security
department under the P & A Department. This includes a security officer and staff.
The main function of the security officer is to check the baggage and carriers coming
into the organization and the products delivered from the packing section. The
security department marks in the register the quantity of the product, place, time etc.

q. Trade Unionism

There are companies which are non- unionized. Kitex Ltd is such a company. In
Kerala we can see a lot of trade unions and problems created by them. In this case this
is great privilege for the company as a union free company. This is maintained in
Kitex through good employee relation.

r. Industrial Relation

Industrial relation is concerned with the relationship between management and


workers. In Kitex Ltd and all other Anna group of companies the management is very
conscious about maintaining good industrial relation between management and
workers and the role of regulatory mechanism helps in resolving any industrial

MES College, Nedumkandam


50
dispute.

s. Promotion

Promotional activities contribute to the employee’s satisfaction and motivation.


If mishandled it leads to discontentment, frustration among employees and culminates
in a high rate of labor turn over. In Kitex Ltd within the limitation the personnel
department, it lays down a sound promotional policy and ensures its implementation.

t. Transfer

Transfer involves a change in the job (accompanied by the change in the place
of the job) of an employee without change in responsibilities or remuneration

u. HRD Services
HRD activity is undertakes in an integrated manner. It is one of the several
organizational process evolved to cope with the changing environment and to
maintain the organization at its best. The focus is on the overall development of a
personality rather control. Their responsibility starts right from recruiting the right
person at right place at the right time till the retirement. It also includes training and
development, provision for good working conditions up to retirement plans.

4. HRD Department of the Company is Based on Three Aspects;

a. Competency Building
This is usually done by three ways like, improving the knowledge of employees
and creating the right attitude in the mind of them. For this they will be given training
and development programs.

b. Culture Building

It is having a great importance, as right culture will create employee satisfaction.


Every employee of KITEX LIMITED loves to work in the organization because
of good g culture prevailing in the organization. Culture mainly indicates the good
attitude towards employees and vice versa.

c. Motivation Building
Enhancing the motivation of employees and thus enabling the organization to

MES College, Nedumkandam


51
achieve its goals is another inevitable function of this department. The employees are
being motivated by providing various monetary benefits and also morale boost like
promotion etc. Industrial relations are yet another major area coming under HRD
department. And also good relationships are maintained within the organization.
d. Payment of wages and salaries

The employees other than the office and plant workers come under the piece
rate system. 80 % of the workers are under the system in which the payment is made
according to the quality produced on monthly basis. Salary is paid along with
payment slip which contains the details of the pay. A copy of the pay slip is signed by
the employee. When he recollects the salary, it will be filled on this department

e. Standing Orders

According to the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946, the


company has a proper standing order to make explicit conditions of work and
employment and also to ensure uniformity of the same for all workers. Also specifies
the duties and responsibilities of employers and workers

f. Fringe benefits

Five techniques for good housekeeping. They are as follows

a. Sorting
i. Segregate required, usable, rework able and absolute items
ii. Dispose of unwanted items
b. Systemizing
i. Use labels, colors, codes for easy identification
ii. Use index for files, records, drawings etc…to facilitate
c. Shining
i. Inspect and clean the supply lines, warehouse, scrap yards and gardens
ii. Identify the root cause of loud noise vibration heat buildup in
equipment and take medical action
d. Standardizing
i. Develop standards
ii. Establish checking procedures
iii. Care visual controls
e. Self-disciplines
i. Develop action plan for maintain the set standards
ii. Conduct self-audit

MES College, Nedumkandam


52
f. Compensation benefits

General
Manager

Manager(P Manager(Adm)
ersonnel)

Securi
Welfare Front Time Sten ty
Ofcer Ofce Ofcer ogra Chief
Executive pher
Security
Ofce Ofce Asset Guards
Asst.
Constructio
n Workers

Asst. Hostel Canteen


Manage Canteen Warden Supervisor
Ofce
MES College,
r Nedumkandam
Supervis
(Gents)
Asst.
(Trainin or 53
Cook Helpe
Asst. Supervisor
Asst. Warden CookAsst. Supervisor
Helper
(Ladies)
Drivers

Structure of Personnel and Administration Department

5PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
The Purchase department plays a very important role in the company and it has its
effect on every vital factor concerning the manufacture, quality, cost efficiency, and
prompt delivery of goods to customers. Its function is to procure materials, supplies,
services, machines, and tools favorable terms consistent with maintaining the desired
standard of quality. Purchasing is the important function of materials management as
the moment an order is placed for materials a substantial part of the companies
finance is committed which effects cash flow position of the company.

The company is having a centralized Purchase department headed by the


purchase manager. He is assisted by 2-purchase officers and an office assistant.
Mr.Venugopal is The Purchase manager of Kitex Limited he is assisted by two
purchase officers and an office assistant. the Purchase manager reports to the General
Manager and Managing Director. the Purchase manager coordinates the entire
purchase activities. In case of local purchase or minor items which are frequently
required, it is the responsibility of the purchase officers to ensure the timely
procurement of materials as the purchase requisitions issued by the stores when the
items of materials have reached the re-ordering level.

The basic objective of setting up a separate purchasing department is to ensure


continuous availability of quality materials, so that production is not held up and

MES College, Nedumkandam


54
reduce the cost of finished product according to their proper plan.

1Duties and Responsibilities of Purchase Manager

1. To make continuous availability so that there may be uninterrupted flow of


material for production.

2. To make purchase competitive and price at the most economical form.

3. To make purchase in reasonable qualities to keep investment in material


minimum.

4. To purchase proper quantity of material to have minimum possible wastage of


material and loss in production.

5. To develop alternative source of supply so that material can be purchased from


those alternative source if particular supplier fails to supply the material.

6. To adopt the most advance method of purchase to ensure smooth delivery of


material from supplier and to avoid the risk of any dispute and financial loss.

7. To serve as an information centre on the material knowledge relating to


purchase, source of supply specification and mode of supply.

2Factors considering while selecting supplier

1. Manufacturing capacity.

2. Reliability of suppliers.

3. Financial condition of the suppliers.

4. The management of supply firms.

5. Price quoted.

6. Terms of payment

MES College, Nedumkandam


55
7. Terms of delivery.

8. Specification to which products are manufactured.

9. Quantity for which price quoted is applicable.

Materials Purchased

the following are the major items of materials purchased by the company.

1. 100% cotton yarn of different specifications.

2. Sizing chemicals alpenol, tapioca starch, adhesives etc….

3. Loom Spares.

4. Electrical equipment and accessories.

5. Packing materials and office stationary.

The company is having a centralized system of purchases .almost all purchases are
managed by the purchases department and controlled by the top management.
Purchase officer assist the purchase manager. They co-ordinate the entire purchase
activities. In the case of local purchases or minor items, which is frequently require, it
is the responsibility of purchase officer to ensure timely procurement of materials.
The purchase department purchases the materials as per the purchase requisitions
issued by the stores when the items of materials have reached the re-ordering levels.

Purchasing procedure

1. Identifying the materials

2. Exploring the sources of suppliers.

3. Issuing purchase order.

4. Receiving and inspecting materials.

5. Checking and passing of Bills for payment

MES College, Nedumkandam


56
STORES DEPARTMENT
The stores department headed by stores manager. He is assisted by four persons; two
in general shift and one each in other two shift. The store’s manager is reporting to
the general manager .storage of all items of raw materials including sizing
chemicals ,yarn of different specifications,

Adhesives, spare parts, electrical items, lubricants, tools, office stationery packing
materials, etc.. are the responsibility of the stores department .functioning of the stores
department is controlled /administered by the store’s manager. Materials storage is
planned by the store’s manager with the help of the purchase/production department.
yarn and packing materials are stored in the production department go down and
packing section respectively, due to lack of sufficient space in the store and to
facilitate easy handling both the items .but the stores department controls the issue of
both these items.

1PROCEDURE OF ISSUE OF RAW MATERIALS

When particular item of raw material spare parts or tools are required for production,
the supervisor of the concerned section of the production department issues a material
requisition. on receipt of the materials requisition note or material indent, the store’s
manager sees whether the item demanded in stock in the stores. If the required item is
sorted in the stores, it is issued to the concerned department or section and the
acknowledgement for the same is obtained and field in the stores. If the particular
item or material is not available with the stores or the same has re-ordering level, the
stores department informs the purchase department and issuing purchase requisition.

The quantity, quality and other specification of the item issued are recorded in
the issue are recorded in the store ledger control account, prepared and maintained by

MES College, Nedumkandam


57
the stores. Issue and usage of cotton yarn and packing materials are recorded in the
stores ledger control account even though they are not stored in the stores

The store department is fully computerized .A special software package is


designed and installed for inventory management in stores. All the receipts and issues
are recorded in the company.ABC analysis of inventory is done regular basic .physical
stock taking is done once in every month by the stock taking by the statutory auditor.
The stock verification is done independent of the store keeper and stores manager .All
stock of raw materials and spare parts are stored in assigned areas only .Access to
those areas is restricted. All stock of raw materials, spare parts, tools, etc are insured
against fire and hail damage. A record is maintained for the insurance policies are
duly complied with perpetual stock records are kept for races materials ,stores, spares,
work-in-progress and finished goods .these records are periodically reconciled with
accounting records

2 MATERIALS CONTROL SYSTEM

The company has a materials control system, which ensures that right quality of
materials is available in the right quality at the right time and right place with the right
amount of investment. it is a comprehensive frame work for the accounting and
control of materials court designed with the objective of maintaining materials
suppliers at a level so as to ensure uninterrupted production, but at the same time
minimizing investment of funds. Because materials constitute such a significant part
of product cost and since this cost is controllable. The company has proper planning,
purchasing, handling and accounting for materials. Two levels of material control trust
in the company—quality control and financial control. Production manager and stores
manager are primarily interested in quality control, because it is their responsibility to
see that there should be no stock out problem. Finance manager, on the other hand is
interested that too much money should not be invested in materials and every rupee
spends on materials should be effective and efficiently utilized.

TECHNIQUES OF MATERIAL CONTROL

MES College, Nedumkandam


58
The following are the main techniques of material control used by the stores
department

 Level setting, economic order quantity

 ABC analysis

 Perpetual inventory system

 Material turnover ratio

 Material cost report

The company does not have any stock in public warehouse or with consigns .some
stocks are lying with job workers, which are given to them for processing (bleaching,
dyeing and printing).

Features of Material Control System

 Continuous availability of all types of materials in the factory.

 No excessive investment in stock materials.

 While purchasing materials, it is seen that it is purchased at reasonable low


price by the store department.

 Information about availability of materials is continuously made available by


the store manager.

 There is proper co-operation and co-ordination among departments.

 As a part of material control system there exists an internal check on material


so as to avoid misappropriate of store items.

QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

Kitex is very much concerned about the quality of the product and some export is
also made .so high quality must be ensured to meet international standards. The

MES College, Nedumkandam


59
company has ISO certification. The company has different equipments and
machineries to ensure at different stages of production. The main aim is to provide
maximum quality at minimum cost.

Before purchasing yarn the quality parameters is checked and getting assurance from
the yarn supplier reading to count, strength, twist etc.. for checking or measuring the
above parameters various equipments are available in the company .the company used
to purchase good quality yarn i.e, auto cone ,auto spliced, electronically siro cleaned
combed yarn for making 100% dying standard quality fabric for export garments

The standard quality of greige fabric will depend on the buyers requirement .Even

though the company follow stated quality policy ‘4point system’ from the textile

distributors association .Inc,USA and American textile Manufacfectstures Institute

.Inc ,Newyork .The penalty or demerit points are calculated according to the length

Defects in the fabric .The American 4 point system

1METHOD OF GRADING

FIRST QUALITY-A piece is graded as ‘first’ if the total penalty point does not exceed
the total yardage of the piece.

SECOND QUALITY-A piece is granted as second if the total penalty point exceed the
total yardage of the piece. In increase of not more than 10%in penalty points will be
allowed on ‘first’ quality goods over 50 inch width.

3Total quality management(TQM)

Total quality management (TQM) journey started at ANNA group in 6 th june 2005. It

MES College, Nedumkandam


60
is a long journey toward success.

Quality means 100% quality in attitude ,speech ,people, work ,discipline


,surroundings ,products etc

The company introduced 5 ‘s’ techniques are a Japanese method . it help the company
to

 Improve productivity
 Save time
 Solve space constraints
 Improve morale to employees

5 ‘s’ techniques

5 ‘s’ techniques for good housekeeping .they are as follows


1. SEIRI (SORTING)
 Segregate required ,usable ,re-workable and absolute items
 Dispose of the unwanted item
 Clear off walk ways
(one picture is worth more than a thousand words)
2. SEITON(SYSTEMATIZING)
 Use labels , colour codes for easy identification
 Use index for files ,records, drawings etc to facilitate
retrievability
 Plan storage with accessibity
(a place for everything and everything in its place)
3. SEISO (SHINING)
 Inspect and clean the supply line ,go down ,scrap yards and
gardens
 Clean up work place, machines and tools after use
 Identify root causes of loud noise, vibrations. Equipment and
take remedial action
(Spic and span leads to zero breakdown)
4. SEIKETSU(STANDDARDIZING)
 Develop standards
 Establish checking procedure
 Create visual controls
 Devise ways and means to expose problems
 (action speaks louder than words)
5. SHITSUKE(SELF DECIPLINE)

MES College, Nedumkandam


61
 Develop action plan for maintaining the set standards
 Give unambiguous advice instruction to the work associates
 Carry o 5’s activities as a manner of habit and enthuse to
practice 5’s
(conduct self audit)

4Quality policy of kitex limited

They are committed to manufacture and deliver quality fabric and processed fabric as
per customer specification, efficiently in a professional and environment friendly
manner, on time and at the right cost with utmost customer satisfaction ,while driving
to become a world class organization through continual improvement

 Increase production by 60% from the present level by adding essential


machinery, manpower and solving space constraints
 Reduce the present product reduction by 50%
 Reduce the specific fuel and electricity consumption by 10%
 Reduce the customer complaints by 50%(improving quality products and
service)

Organizational contribution to society

Corporate social responsibility

As a part of the organizations contribution towards the society the kitex ltd provide

 The company provides employment opportunity to about 2000 people


 It also provides good working environment to the workers and also ensure
their safety and interests
 The goods produced are eco friendly and do not cause any harmful hazards to
the environment
 An ambulance service is provided to all BPL families of kizhakkambalam
panchayat
 The company has strict pollution controlling measures
 The company provides free school bags to the anganavady students of
kizhakkambalam panchayat

MES College, Nedumkandam


62
5Environmental policy

 Effective utilization of resource to reduce waste


 Abide by environmental law and regulations
 Continual improvement of environment performance
 Establish awareness among employees and business associates
 It follows all the norms set by pollution control board

6.POLLUTION CONTROL

The company does not have any pollutant products/bye products. The only pollution
may be the cotton particles that may get spread in the loom shed. To prevent this, the
factory is having sufficient humidifier to help the cotton particles settle on the
ground .In the addition to this, the factory and premises are cleaned in a regular basis.

Awards Won

Mr. Jacob, the founder of Kitex Limited has won several awards for his
meritorious contributions in the field of business. To mention a few:

 He has won the TRANSWORLD TRADE FARE Gold medal in the year 1975.
 He has been awarded the UDYOG PATHRA Award by the then Vice President
of India Sri. B. D .JETTI in the year 1979.

MES College, Nedumkandam


63
 A Memento was presented to Mr. Jacob in December, 1992 for his valuable
contribution to the Evangelistic Convention held at Puthencruz.
 Considering his outstanding contribution as an Industrialist Mr. Jacob was
awarded the BUSINESS MAN OF KERALA 1999 award by the BUSINESS
DEEPIKA, the business daily from one of the oldest Malayalam Newspaper
Group.
 KRISTHU JAYANTHY award for the year 2000 was conferred to Mr. Jacob
during the 82nd ALL KERALA CATHOLIC CONGRESS for his noteworthy
contribution to the economy of Kerala.
 For the meritorious services of Mr. Jacob to the community, he was awarded
by Major Arch Bishop Mar VARKEY VITHAYATHIL in the year 2000, on
behalf of the Most Gracious IGNATIUS MOOSA 1 st, PATRIARCH OF
VATICAN.
 AKSHAYA AWARD 2000 for his outstanding contribution to ‘Malayanma’.
 The Ernakulam Chamber of Commerce the Joseph Chakola Memorial
‘Vyavasaya Jyothi’ Award to Mr. Jacob for the year 2000-2001.
 Department of Catechism Ernakulam-Angamaly has recognized his
contribution by giving a Memento for special service rendered to Catechism
Teachers.
 Bharat Aluminum Company Ltd (A Government of India Enterprise) Service
recognition Award.
 Samman Patra of Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of
Revenue for outstanding revenue performance.
 Advertising Industries media presented a Memento ‘Kerala Adifest 2007.

MES College, Nedumkandam


64
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTION

Findings
The company has a good market in both inside and outside the country. Their
customer service is an important one. Kitex Ltd is more concentrating the quality of

MES College, Nedumkandam


65
their products. This practice is the success behind their triumph.

Today’s life, people are more concentrating quality and price. Most of the
customer’s belonging to middle class family. Majority of the people living in our
country are from middle income group. In my understanding, my major findings are

a. Kitex textile products have great demand in Kerala


b. The Kitex customers have better brand loyalty
c. Kitex lungies have little competition
d. Kitex is more familiar in the middle aged people
e. MCR is the nearest competitor for Kitex dhothies in the market.
f. Kitex ltd provides good facilities for their employees.
g. There is no trade union exist in the organization because of the good
relationship between employees and management.
h. Majority of the workers are women.
i. Can venture into more and more textile products as the distribution
channel is strong
j. The unavailability of local work force
k. The factory is situated at an ideal place
l. The dealer-factory interaction is strong

Suggestions

a. Provide risk free and modern methods of money transaction


b. Give sufficient training to the employees
c. Increase the promotional budget in the form of scratch &win, Buy one
Get one in the Dhoti & inner wear segment to increase the market
share.
d. Promote quality circles
e. Provide more employee empowerment

MES College, Nedumkandam


66
f. Expand the distribution to rural areas also
g. Complete the computerization process
h. Introduce more modern looms

8. CONCLUSION
The visit was conducted at Kitex Ltd, Kizhakkambalam, Aluva. The data with
regarded to the visit report collected from the Kitex helps to understand the process of
production of textiles. Each department in Kitex was visited by me and I came to
know that various processes are controlled and monitored under skilled supervision
and hardworking workers.

The visit has given information about the manufacturing process, different
product; organizational structure of the company, departmental functions and gives a
good knowledge about the market position of the company. The co- operation and
interaction extended by the employees and management of Kitex have made it
possible for the detailed understanding.

MES College, Nedumkandam


67
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Company Profile.

 Company Manuals.

 Production Management (Aswathappa).

 Production Management (Edwin.b. Flippo)

 Marketing management ( Philip kotler)

Websites

 www.textileindustry.com

 www.annaaluminium.com

 www.kitexltd.com

MES College, Nedumkandam


68

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen