BRT CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND ITS

IMPACT ON LOCAL BUSINESS

(A Case Study of BRT Peshawar, KP)

Submitted To:

DR. AMJID AMIN

Submitted By: 

ALI RAZA 

BS(Hons) Economics 
 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS 
UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
Session 2014­18

BRT CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND ITS

IMPACT ON LOCAL BUSINESS

(A Case Study of BRT Peshawar, KP)

This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Economic University of
Peshawar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of
Bachelor in Economics. 

Submitted To:

DR. AMJID AMIN
 Submitted By: 

ALI RAZA 

BS(Hons) Economics 

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS 
UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
Session 2014­18

APPROVAL SHEET

This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Economic University of
Peshawar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of
Bachelor in Economics. 

Supervisor:
DR. AMJID AMIN
Department of Economics 
University of Peshawar.

External Examiner:
Chairman: 
DR. ZILAKAT KHAN MALIK
Chairman Department of 
Economics 
University of Peshawar.

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS 
UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
Session 2014­18
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am thankful to Almighty Allah who gave me the courage and power for completing

this   thesis   successfully.   I   am   thankful   from   the   core   of   my   heart   to   my   parents

especially my mother whose prayers, courage and help made my thesis successfully

completed. 

I feel pride in expressing my deepest sense of gratitude to my honorable supervisor

Mr. Amjid Amin Assistant Professor in Department of Economics in University of

Peshawar, who is the source of initiation for this thesis. 

Least but not the least, I present my obligations a heartfelt admiration to my loving

parents, brothers and sister, because my success is really the fruit of their support and

devoted prayers.  

ALI RAZA 

1
 ABSTRACT

The main objective of the study is to investigate, “Does transit construction negatively

affects business sales and survival during the construction period”. In this regard data

was collected from primary sources such as questionnaire to investigate on the desire

objective. 

The study concluded that the BRT construction activities in Peshawar city have a

great   negative   impact   on   the   local   business   community.   There   is   need   for   the

systematic   re­planning   for   the   flow   of   businesses   during   construction   period.

Therefore it is a challenge for provincial authorized department to reduce the impact

led by these construction activities. This thesis investigated a negative impact on local

business through collection of primary data. 

The study concludes that t6he following steps should be taken: 
 It is very important to investigate the effected resources for business
community and introduce a proper improvement measurement with a pave and
sensitive plan, like proper implementation procedures, specified
implementation responsible institution and reporting etc.
 Dust which has shown a negative impact on air quality and also disturbs
businesses. To reduce the impact during construction phase it is necessary to
periodically spray water during rush hours (2-4 times per day)to reduce dust
and air pollution.
 The raw material using during construction should be site carefully or another
way material, equipment at material site should be shifted to specified rented
area chosen for this purpose. This will provide a relief on obstruction to
business activities.
The knock on effect of loss of business would be reduced turnover and potential
business relocations and/or closures. This would result in reduced economic activity
and the loss of industry jobs which are an important source of employment. Thus its is

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necessary for provincial government to assist these loses carefully and provide a
strong support for the confidence of the effected business community.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Topic Page No.

Acknowledgement  i
Abstract  ii
CHAPTER­1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of The Study 1
1.2 Problem Statement  2
1.3 Aims 3
1.4 Objectives  3
1.5 Significance of the study  3
1.6 Organization of the study  4
CHAPTER­2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Summary 14
CHAPTER­3 RESEARCH METHDOLOGY 16
3.1 Introduction 16
3.2 Data and Data Sources  16
3.3 Research Area  16
3.4 Sampling size and sampling technique  17
3.5 Theoretical Framework  17
CHAPTER­4: ANALYSIS OF DATA 19
4.1 Introduction  19
4.2 Business Data  19
4.2.1 Industry Sector  19
4.2.2 Business forecast before construction phase  21
4.2.3 Business forecast during construction phase  22
4.3 Services satisfaction level  23
4.4 Construction effect on economic activities of business 25
4.5 Shift of business to alternative locations  28
4.6 Conclusion  29
4.7 Discussion 29
CHAPTER­5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS  32
5.1 Conclusion 32
5.2 Recommendations  32
References  34

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 LIST OF TABLE 

Page No.
4.2.1 Industry Sector 20
4.2.2 Business forecast before construction phase  21
4.2.3 Business forecast during construction phase  22
4.3.1 Satisfaction of business operations during construction  23
4.3.2 Overall conditions of road along business  24
4.3.3 Satisfaction with the operation on road construction  25
4.4.1 Dust and noise impact on business operations 26
4.4.2 Customer lose due to construction activities  27
4.5.1 Shift of business to alternative locations  28

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Page No.
Figure 1 Industry Sector 20
Figure 2 Business forecast before construction phase  21
Figure 3 Business forecast during construction phase  22
Figure 4 Satisfaction of business operations during construction  23
Figure 5 Overall conditions of road along business  24
Figure 6 Satisfaction with the operation on road construction  25
Figure 7 Dust and noise impact on business operations 26
Figure 8 Customer lose due to construction activities  27
Figure 9 Shift of business to alternative locations  28

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study

Transportation construction projects can affect motorists and businesses in many

ways. Even though construction projects are temporary situations, many businesses
worry about the level of impact during construction and the length and magnitude of
the recovery period. Transportation construction may cause a temporary loss of
customers, revenue, and property value as well as create noise and air pollution and
other problems. Typically, business owners are very concerned when a Transportation
construction project is proposed near their businesses. Currently there is little
information available that quantifies the estimated business impacts. The Peshawar
Sustainable Rapid Bus Transit Corridor Project (PSBRTCP) aims at establishing a
rapid bus transit corridor to improve Peshawar’s urban transport system and helping
to improve living standards by providing an alternative transportation system to its
residents. BRT system in Peshawar, the feasibility report has completed. Five
corridors are identified in the study, route from Chamkani road to Karkhano market
road via Suneheri Masjid road considered as corridor. The project construction phase
is expected to last in 6 months with the activity is commenced in the fourth quarter of
2017 and it will be completed by the 3rd quarter of 2018, as the contract period for
Reach 3 is for 6 months. The final detail design for Reach-3 proposes a total of 14 bus
stations (1 elevated and 13 at grade) with an average of 922 meter distance. The
longest station to station distance is 1,620 meters and lowest is 530 meters. The length
of longest bus station is 205 meters while shortest one is 55 meters. The Project is
expected to cause temporary adverse impact on the livelihoods of 7 roadside static
vendors who will lose their business locations during the construction period. All of
the vendors need to relocate their stalls. These vendors were permitted to self-relocate
themselves at market nodes of secondary and feeder roads or in commercial markets
before start of construction of BRT. Potential location for Spin Jammat vendors is
identified i.e. in front of Sherpao Hospital Emergency Gate, Rahatabad Road parallel
to the boundary wall of Peshawar University. In order to identify the affected people
and understand their socio-economic conditions, a brief census was conducted with all
the affected seven vendors. The affected vendors run their businesses on public land

1
(ROW) without any legal permission or license. There will be temporary impacts on
mobility and access of people due to construction of the BRT, which will be managed
by the civil works contractors during the construction period, to ensure no
inconvenience to the people. A traffic management plan has also been prepared for
this purpose as part of the environmental management plane (EMP). The contractor
must identify the impacts and address them during the construction. The preliminary
design identified impact on a number of public utilities. These include water supplies,
drainage system, telecommunication infrastructure, gas and electricity supply poles
and transformers, temporary ambulance stations, police/ security check posts will also
need to be relocated. PDA has already held meetings with the utility institutions to
submit their plans for relocation or redesign of these utilities and the process
payments for relocation of utilities companies/departments is already started. The
detailed design consultants will keep on reviewing these plans and suggest remedial
measures to avoid damages or disruptions of services during civil works. The main
objective of this research effort is to address the concerns of individual business
owners. The case study information along with quantified estimates of both perceived
and actual business impacts from previous projects can be used to address the
concerns of business owners. Also, this study includes a state-of-the practice review
of mitigation techniques for use in future projects to minimize construction impacts
and foster better relationships with business owners.

1.2 Problem statement

During the construction period it is difficult for the business communities to roll the
wheel of their businesses. Peshawar BRT construction is flowing through the main
business hubs. The economic impacts play a major role in society and should be taken
into consideration during the construction phases of a mega project. Although its
importance is pressing, economic losses are rarely deliberated because of the positive
impacts construction can have on surrounding businesses. Once construction is
complete, land prices may rise, development begins or continues, and access and
mobility is improved; all of these advantages are economic stimuli that make it
difficult for a contractor to evaluate the negative impacts a construction project may
have on the area bordering a construction project. Yet in some cases, the damages
such as loss of income or customers, decreased productivity, or property destruction
are irrevocable and businesses are forced to close or relocate. . In this context the

2
study explore the following research question. The main research question is “Does
transit construction negatively affects business revenue and survival during the
construction period?”

1.3 Aims

To find the economic impact of construction period on local businesses and to suggest
a recommendations to minimize these kinds of negative impacts.

1.4 Objectives

This paper aims to recognize the economic impact of BRT construction activities on
the adjusted businesses. BRT is a very first mega project in KP, the province of
Pakistan. The route follows through major business hubs in Peshawar, the capital of
KP. More interestingly from the past two or three years most new businesses were
entered in these economic hubs which also include multinational companies. Thus this
thesis intends to agenize the economic touch of businesses situated inbound to BRT
construction realm.

1.5 Significance of the study

The effects of transit construction on businesses have not been studied. As a result,
predictions of effects on business sales are often a source of contention between
business community members and transit agency managers during the construction
process (Fan and Guthrie, 2012). But as both sides are for the most part unable to
support their claims with evidence, they instead most often revert to language of fear
on the business side and dismissal on the transit side. At a minimum, the research
reported in this thesis can provide some evidence using primary dat, while at best it
could serve as a model for predicting effects during future projects. A second area of
importance is how construction’s activities effects on business. If transit construction
destabilizes businesses through a loss of sales, they are more vulnerable to
displacement via higher rents and/or displacement of the customer base. Additionally,
business death rates are of interest as the reason given for ignoring construction
impacts is their temporary nature. Business death, on the other hand, is presumably a
permanent impact that is significant for the owner and potentially the neighborhood.

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1.6 Organization of the study

Chapter 1 provides the background of the study, Objectives of the study, Significance
and Organization of the study.

Chapter 2 includes a review of literature.

Chapter 3 describes research methodology, collection of data, universe of study and

purpose of the study.

Chapter 4 is analysis of the data

Chapter 6 provides conclusion and recommendations.

4
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
Xue, X., Zang, R., Jing, R. Yang & Li, H.(2015) executed a study on rapid urban
development in which they focused an investment on increasing subway projects.
They postulated that although these kinds of projects alleviate transportation pressure
in cities and makes citizen’s life easier yet it raises many economic, environmental
and social problems during the construction process. China subway construction site
usually lie in the most dense business district, construction caused part of the traffic
jams bought about a negative impact on the benefit of the shops. They approached
through stockholder theory. They used structural equation modeling (SEM) a
statistical technique for testing and estimating casual relationships. The data was
collected through questionnaires which is an important tool of data collection. Two
surveys with semi structural interviews near the subways construction site on Xidazhi
Street. The study concluded that there are four top negative factors of urban subway
constructions including commute impact factor, transportation impact factor,
environmental impact factor and lives impact factor. Thus the study woke the negative
impacts on the citizen.

Ray,R. Singerman(2017) conducted a study on the Effects of Los Angeles Metro

Rail construction on adjacent businesses in which he highlighted the effect of transit
construction on businesses and business survival during construction activity. The
paper took a step toward filling that gap by evaluating the survival rate on an older
transit project, the second segment of the Red Line in Los Angeles, and by exploring
one potential mechanism of business failure, the loss of revenue due to construction
nuisance. It finds that revenue loss does not appear to be the main mechanism of
business failure and suggests that other factors such as rising rents may be more
salient. Businesses on corridors slated for transit construction face two headwinds,
one temporary and one long-lasting. The first is the effect of construction on revenue
through lost access, loss of parking (temporarily for staging or long-term), water and
electricity service interruptions, and experiential nuisances like dust and noise. The
second is the rise in property values, if the business is renting its space. Rising land
values are benefits to owners, but rent increases in expectation of rising land values
force businesses to adapt or exit, and not all sectors or business structures are equally

5
able to survive such churn. The result of the study showed that there is a negative
impact on business survival from station construction while business owners report
lost revenue from construction activity but the paper also mentioned that the result
from the revenue analysis is insignificant, suggesting that lost revenue is not the
primary mechanism through which business failure occurs. The leading candidate for
an alternate mechanism is transit construction spurring turnover in property ownership
and lease agreements. Transit access has been shown to increase commercial property
values, which can often affect businesses in the form of increased rents. Thus the two
mechanisms reveal a negative impact of the construction of transit corridor on the
business survival.

Kae, R.Young, Wolffing, C. & Tomasini, M.(2005) directed a study on highway

construction impacts on Wyoming business in which they studied twelve highway
construction projects, which were all completed in Wyoming between 1998 and 2001.
One of the largest projects examined was located in Cody (population 49,644). It
affected 50 businesses and cost over $8 million. Projects ranged in size and location
down to an $87,000 project in Moorcroft (population 807), which affected three
businesses. The researchers used a survey to identify the perceived impacts of
business managers to revenue from construction. A total of 98 surveys were returned.
Responses were then compared to actual tax data from the Wyoming Department of
Revenue for projects with a large enough number of businesses to complete a
statistical analysis. Forty-two percent of the survey responses about perceived impacts
during construction were found to be more pessimistic than actual impacts to revenue.
The authors found that most businesses experienced reduced positive growth as
opposed to negative growth in sales during construction. The authors further classified
businesses by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and examined impacts to
businesses by business category. Some business categories were particularly
susceptible to negative impacts during construction, namely the food-related retail,
gas service and hotel service categories.The researchers also sent out a survey to all
fifty state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) to assemble a list of common
practices implemented to address business owner concerns and to mitigate impacts to
businesses during construction of transportation projects. All fifty DOTs responded.
The results showed that DOTs emphasized communications to businesses through
television, radio, newspapers and websites as a way of disseminating information

6
about construction schedules, closures and other related information. State DOTs
tended to emphasize maintaining access to businesses as the primary mitigation
measure employed. Special signage to denote business access was highlighted, though
states were split on whether or not individual business names should be used on signs.
Contractor incentives or penalties were also common measures implemented by DOTs
to encourage efficient construction practices.

De, H. Solminihac & Harrison, R. (1993) conducted a study on construction phase

impacts to businesses from urban highway rehabilitation projects examined an 11.6-
mile highway reconstruction project along the Southwest Freeway (US-59) in
Houston, Texas. Construction activities were broken into four segments and took
place from August 1989 to December 1992. The study examined sales data for
businesses along the corridor and compared actual sales data during construction to
predictions of sales based on pre-construction sales data. Businesses were broken
down into ten categories to determine which sectors were most impacted by
construction. Based on this quantitative analysis, the paper found that negative
impacts from construction were most severely felt by businesses in four retail
categories: food stores (37 percent drop), automotive outlets (32 percent drop),
general merchandise (28 percent drop) and home furnishings (17 percent drop). The
paper also conducted a business survey to ask managers to quantify impacts to their
businesses. About 49 percent reported being considerably affected by construction and
an additional 32 percent said they were somewhat affected. Of the 66 respondents,
22.7 percent said their sales either improved or did not change during construction.
Another 22.7 percent reported sales dropping between 10 to 20 percent. Only 12
percent of businesses surveyed reported experiencing a sales drop of 40 percent or
more during construction.

Wildenthal, M. & buffington, J. (1996) conducted a study checked out of widening of

a 2.3-mile stretch of State Highway 21 in Texas. Construction on the project occurred
between 1991 and 1993 in Caldwell, Texas, a town of 3,000. The transportation
construction project differs greatly from the central corridor light rail transit (CCLRT)
project in its location and project type. . Data collected during and after construction
include information about the abutting businesses' estimation of the impact of
construction on their businesses profits and property values and on the traffic
volumes, travel times, and accident rates of the highway. The number of most

7
businesses' usable parking spaces, customers per day, and full-time and part-time
employees decreased slightly during construction. The study surveyed managers of
abutting businesses to obtain information on sales figures, number of employees and
number of available parking spaces before and during construction. Survey data on
sales were cross-checked with actual sales data, where available. Of the 54 survey
respondents, 34 (63 percent) reported a decline in sales and 20 reported a decline of
25 percent or more. Twenty-three businesses reported actual sales data for 1990
(before construction) and 1991 (less than one year into construction). Of those 23
businesses, slightly over half experienced a decline. The aggregate sales data from
these 23 businesses showed a five percent decrease in sales between 1990 and 1991.
Meanwhile, gross sales data for all businesses in Caldwell (obtained from the state
comptroller’s office) showed a five percent increase in sales during this period.
Approximately 80 percent of business managers reported no change in the number of
employees during construction.

Krieg, A. (2009) in master thesis investigated the impacts of Central Link LRT
construction on neighborhood business activity along a commercial corridor in the
Rainier Valley neighborhood of Seattle, WA. This section of the Central Link LRT
involved the construction of a center-aligned, at-grade track along 4.5 miles of Martin
Luther King Jr. Way South, a main commercial corridor in the ethnically diverse
neighborhood. Though this analysis focused on data collected before LRT and after
construction, a few of the findings presented speak to impacts on business activity
during construction. According the study, 268 businesses were open a year before
construction began and 57 businesses were forced to relocate due to construction.
Despite these 57 relocations, 234 businesses were open in 2009, when Central Link
operation began. While business turnovers did occur during the six-year study period
(from 2003, a year before construction began, until 2009, when Central Link
operation began), the total number of open businesses peaked during the middle of the
construction period in 2006. Total revenue reported by businesses along the corridor
that paid business taxes grew by 30 percent between 2001 and 2008 (adjusted for
inflation). However, businesses with gross annual revenues below $50,000 during this
period were tax exempt, and are thus excluded from this figure. The number of
businesses above the threshold was relatively stable during construction, but the
number of businesses below the threshold fluctuated and many of these businesses

8
demonstrated losses. Business impact mitigation measures included a Supplemental
Mitigation Assistance (SMA) program, which disbursed $15.1 million in business re-
establishment payments, business interruption payments and loans for business
improvements. The business re-establishment payments were geared towards
businesses forced to relocate off of the corridor. The business interruption payments
were targeted at small businesses staying on the corridor, which were required to
demonstrate losses to be eligible. One hundred sixty-eight businesses out of a
universe of 310 businesses received business interruption payments.

Agnew, S., baum, P., Croaston, M., Janzen, A., Jerabek, E., Jorgenson, B. , Senn, A. &
yang, J. (2010) studied the business impacts of LRT construction and mitigation
strategies employed in four US cities: Seattle, Portland, Phoenix and East Los
Angeles. The student researchers also completed an inventory of University Avenue
businesses between Lexington Parkway and Rice Street and classified businesses by
sector. Based on a literature review, the authors identified eight factors that influence
the extent of LRT construction impacts to a given business. These included, in order
of importance, the financial state of the business (at the start of construction),
mitigation measures taken, parking and accessibility, marketing, type of customer
base, property value changes, proximity to new developments or vacancies (possible
future sites for new development), and whether a business owned or leased their
space. The authors then completed a sectorial analysis of businesses in this study area
based on the eight factors outlined above. The researchers found that businesses in the
personal care services sector, the largest sector in the study area, were not expected
not to be particularly affected during construction due to their regular clientele. Full-
service restaurants were expected to see impacts due to loss of walk-in business
during construction. Businesses in the automotive repair and maintenance sector were
expected to have relatively low survivability as compared to other sectors due to loss
of accessibility during construction.

Harrison, R., Benjamin, T. Waldman, Tamer, E. Diraby & James, T. o’connor.(1998)

examined the impacts to business associated with the reconstruction of an 18-mile
stretch of the North Central Expressway (NCE) and the construction of an adjacent
Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) light rail transit (LRT) in Dallas, TX. The
researchers surveyed businesses along two sections of the corridor where construction
had already been completed as well as businesses abutting two sections that were

9
under construction at the time of the survey. Harrison and Waldman supplemented the
business owner perceptions gained through the surveys with an analysis of more
objective sales data reported to the Texas state comptroller. The research team further
examined business openings and closings during construction and trends in multi-
tenant real-estate market. Based on two previous reports (WisDOT, 1989; de
Solminihac and Harrison, 1993) and correlation with NCE surveys, the researchers
identified the four most sensitive sectors to transportation construction work: retail,
other; retail, food; retail, auto; and services. Harrison and Waldman collected sales
data for the businesses within these sectors along the NCE project corridor. They then
compared the data from before construction began to sales data from the construction
period. They further compared sales data for businesses along the NCE construction
corridor to sales data for these sectors in Dallas as a whole. Both of these comparisons
yielded no significant difference in business sales. Surveys of business openings and
closings along the four sections showed 60 business openings and 36 business
closings occurred during construction. Finally, analysis of quarterly absorption,
occupancy and rental rates for multi-tenant office buildings showed a low point from
1991 to 1992, when occupancy rates in the project area were 10 percent below the city
average. However, the statistics showed a steady rise from 1992 to 1996, when
occupancy in buildings of this type was 87 percent along the NCE project corridor –
four percent above the city average .Survey responses from businesses in the two
completed sections primarily highlighted negative impacts to sales and driving
patterns. Some also noted communication issues between the Texas Department of
Transportation (TxDOT), the construction contractor and businesses. Surveys that
were administered to businesses as they were experiencing frontage road
reconstruction activities yielded similar results to those in the completed sections.
However, these business owners noted less adverse impacts from construction than
those surveyed in the completed sections. Harrison and Waldman hypothesized that
this could mean that TxDOT, the contractor and businesses had learned from the
experiences from the already completed sections.

Ellis, R. and washburn, S. (2005) surveyed and interviewed businesses along four
reconstruction corridors to determine their perceptions of impacts to their businesses
during construction. The four projects were 1) A 2-year major reconstruction of San
Jose Boulevard (Jacksonville). 2) A 13-month (400-day) major reconstruction of 1.6

10
miles of SR 121 (MacClenny). 3) A 20-month major reconstruction of 1.16-mile
stretch of Mahan Drive (Tallahassee). 4) A major reconstruction of 3 miles of US 192
(Kissimmee). Using information gathered from interviews and focus groups with
business managers along the four corridors, Ellis and Washburn rated the construction
impacts of highest concern to businesses. The highest rated concerns were related to
customer access/parking and delivery access followed by business visibility and
signage concerns. The prevailing perception of the business managers was that
customers had a difficult time accessing their businesses. The next impacts of highest
concern, according to the FDOT report, were utility outages and disruptions during
construction. Construction-associated congestion and changes in traffic patterns were
determined to be another set of impacts that concerned business managers. Based on
information gathered from businesses on their perceptions, the report concluded that
destination businesses (e.g. banks, specialty retailers, insurance agencies) were less
likely to feel negative impacts on business due to traffic pattern changes than other
businesses such as fast-food retailers. The study further expounded a number of
accommodation strategies to address the business concerns that were identified. The
authors broke down these recommendations into three areas: 1) strategies to Improve
Communication with Businesses. a) Hold a public meeting to introduce mitigation
efforts and project personnel before construction starts. b) Install a project sign that
includes basic information about the project and contact information. c) Regularly
distribute information to businesses via flyers. d) Provide project information and
updates on a project website. 2) Business Signage A) Mount signs on posts to
increase visibility. 3) Business Access, Parking and Traffic Congestion a) Develop
traffic control plans which take into account construction impacts to automobile
traffic; other traffic including pedestrian, bicycle and bus; business access; and
parking availability. The development of the plan should also include accident
analysis and level of service analysis of the existing corridor, pre-construction. b)
Base part of contractor incentive pay on the successful implementation of business
accommodation efforts.

Bibi, H., Yasmeen, S., Ghafoor, A. Chaudary & Aaiman, S. Hadi (2015) conducted a
study effects of mega metro project on rawalpindi’s socioeconomic and cultural life.
The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of mega metro project on
Rawalpindi’s socio-economic and cultural life. The objective of the research was to

11
study the “effects of metro project on the socio-economic and cultural life of business
community of the locale. “Research was conducted in the area near 6th road
Rawalpindi. Mega metro project have more negative effects in the lives of the
residents and business community than positive effects. The study was conducted in
the area near 6th road Rawalpindi. The study Business community has been badly
affected as a result of mega metro project, as congested roads led to reduced number
of customers due to inconvenience because of lack of parking lots, roads blockage,
traffic jams and longer alternate routes. On one hand all these aspects lead to the
reduction in customer’s number, which adversely affected the economic conductions
of the business community, while on the other hand it also enhanced work
opportunities for the labor class. “Ephemeral employment for construction work
increased the economic activity but the local businesses reduced due to disrupted
access. Data was driven through structured questioners from a selective sample of 50
respondents. The sample size was selected by using non-probability sampling in
which quota sampling technique was used to gather required information. The study
of mega metro project revealed that it is not required for the citizens of Rawalpindi,
people were facing more serious issues which need to be enlightened which have
made their life a miserable plight rather than transportation facilities. Although public
transport is used by most of the population but there should be some other convenient
and cheaper solution instead of publicizing mega metro project which have more
adverse effects than benefits, the solution which should not affect their business and
personal lives.

Michael, W. Babcock & Jose, A. Davalos(2014) conducted a study on The Economic

Impact of Highway Bypasses in Kansas the study gain that construction of highway
bypasses has resulted in many economic benefits both for intercity motorists as well
as residents of towns with bypasses. Despite the benefits of bypasses, they remain
controversial. Local business owners in the town being bypassed fear that the
reduction of traffic passing through the town will adversely affect the sales. The
purpose of this study is to add to the literature concerning the economic impact of
highway bypasses on small towns. The measured impacts are (1) Total employment of
bypass towns, (2) Retail sales of the towns' travel-related businesses, (3) Employment
of the towns' travel-related businesses, (4) The bypass town as a whole. To measure
the impact of the bypasses on total employment of bypass towns, each of the nine

12
sample towns was matched with a group of control towns. Total employment of each
bypass town was regressed on total employment of its control towns and a bypass
dummy variable used to measure the effect of the bypass. The equations were
estimated by ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The other three impacts were
obtained by interviewing the owners and managers of 54 travel-related businesses
located in the nine bypass towns. The statistical results are consistent with the
hypothesis that the bypass did not have a statistically significant effect on total
employment of the bypass towns. In the opinion of most of the owners and managers
of the travel-related businesses the bypasses had a negative impact on their retail sales
and employment, and on the town as a whole. There was a substantial variation in
opinion regarding the impact of the bypass on company retail sales, employment, and
on the town as a whole among the industry groups in the sample.

Krieg, A. (2009). Results of the Supplemental Mitigation Assistance Program on

Businesses Impacted by Light Rail Construction in the Rainier Valley. Gainsville, FL:
University of Florida. Krieg explained how the $50 million that was available for
business mitigation for Seattle’s Central Link was used. He states, “An 85 percent
survival rate for primarily small, independent, ethnic/immigrant-owned businesses in
the face of a massive infrastructure construction project speaks to the success of the
program.” Also included was a section breaking down all of the different mitigation
products that were available to businesses.

Collins, R. (2007). Light Rail Transit Construction Impact Mitigation Strategies.

Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. Reuben Collins examined seven case studies
of LRT mitigation strategies, for the purpose of advising policymakers on the CCLRT.
The report documented the successful mitigation strategies implemented by other
cities clearly in a table. The table also rates the popularity and the effectiveness of all
of these strategies. He states, “The plan should be designed to provide all of the
necessary information businesses will need before construction begins and timely
information throughout construction.” Collins stresses the need for a business
mitigation plan that adheres to the unique character of University Avenue.

Crossley, D., J. Blazek Crossley, R. Cagney, and G. Wells. (2006). a study mitigate
business interruption during LRT construction projects to present “a toolkit of tested
mitigation practices” for future projects, particularly those in the City of Houston.

13
Data on methods used in these cities, along with mostly anecdotal appraisals of
success levels, were collected via interviews with City officials, rail project officials,
business community members and others involved (e.g. officials from banks or
nonprofit lending institutions involved). Effective methods employed in Dallas, Los
Angeles, Minneapolis, Portland, Salt Lake City, and San Diego were broken down
into five key areas for successful mitigation. These areas, along with the various
strategies highlighted by Houston Tomorrow, are listed below. 1. Financial assistance
programs: a)Small loan programs that offer low-interest or interest-free loans. b)
Loans administered by a third-party, non-profit institution 2. Community relations: a)
A single point of contact for businesses and the broader community. b) 24-hour
construction hotline 3. Construction guidelines and project management: a) Meeting
with utility companies to coordinate construction schedule. b) Flexibility in design. c)
Early communications with businesses about construction plans. d) Completing
construction in sections. e) Maintaining vehicle access to parking and pedestrian
access to business entrances 4. Contractor incentives: a) Incentive pay determined
based on appraisal of calls into the complaints hotline and on the votes of community
representatives 5. Marketing: a) Distribution of coupon books. b) Promotional mail
alerting neighbors that shops are open. c) Special signage along corridor. d) Placing of
ads on buses. e) Placing of full-page ads for specific geographic clusters of businesses
as they were experiencing construction on their doorstep. f) Establishment of Lunch
Bus program to bring project-related employees to eat at restaurants along the
construction corridor

Summary

Most relevant studies are concerned about the general construction activities.
Although mega projects of construction of transports like LRT and BRT after
completion can bring about a huge change in social, environmental and economic
perspectives but the prescribed literature is mainly focused on the economic impacts
of construction activities on the local businesses. According to analysis of the relevant
literature (Xue, Zang, Jing and Li, 2015) during the period of construction the
businesses lie on the line of the construction severely felt a negative impacts by
decline in the revenue during the time of construction. Revenue is not the only factor
but factors like property value addition and so on also can be study in the realm of
business activities, it may cause a business to be better-off or worse-off. The impact of

14
mega projects of transportation refers adverse effects on the traffics along the
construction line. Factors including like traffic jams, damages of road utilities and
parking chaos are worse for the construction lines business communities to regulate
their business activities, it tends to decline in the visit and attention of consumer of
particular business due to the factors mentioned above as a result businesses along the
construction line felt a negative influence. The relevant literature (Solminihac and
Harrison, 1993) also pick out some other very important factors like basic needs i.e.
water, gas, electricity and working emotions. Suspensions of factors like these can
badly hurt the business habits like, Food market which necessarily cannot survive in
the absence of gas and water observed negative shocks. Furthermore markets like
furniture which uses heavy machines to roll the wheel of the business. The disruption
of electricity due to construction can be a emphasis threat for their revenues. The
services sectors are also not exempted from the effect of construction activities, but
the businesses in personal care services sector were not expected not to be particularly
affected during construction due to their regular clientele. The relevant study
(Harrison and Weldman, 1998) also woke some mitigation suggestions, like how to
overcome the losses suffered by business during construction activities, like business
mitigation programs which amplifies business re-establishment payments, business
interruption payments and loans for business improvements. Analysis of literature
(Alexander Krieg, 2009) evoked that business re-establishment payments were geared
towards businesses forced to relocate off of the construction line. The business
interruption payments were targeted at small businesses staying on the construction
points, which were required to demonstrate losses to be eligible. Thus in conclusion it
can be stated that most of the relevant study fired up the negative impacts of
construction period on the local businesses.

This paper aims to recognize the economic impact of BRT construction activities on
the adjusted businesses. BRT is a very first mega project in KP, the province of
Pakistan. The route follows through major business hubs in Peshawar, the capital of
KP. More interestingly from the past two or three years most new businesses were
entered in these economic hubs which also include multinational companies. Thus this
paper intends to agenize the economic touch of businesses situated inbound to BRT
construction realm.

15
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction

The purpose of this chapter is to deeply investigate the problem stated in this study.
This chapter mainly deals with the analysis of the data, collection of the data and the
required procedure of the study. Thus this chapter deals the responses made for the
investigation of the problem.

3.2 Data and Data sources

Primary data were used through questionnaire. Questionnaires are distributed among
businesses situated near construction area of BRT.

Data were on restaurants, convenience stores, retails, auto and truck repair shops,
furniture and beauty parlors/cosmetics which were situated near the zones of
construction area.

The collected data was then analyzed through computer accessories by using Excel,
Ms Words and finally the data were represented in the forms of tables, graphs and
description.

3.3 Research area

Transportation construction projects can affect motorists and businesses in many

ways. Even though construction projects are temporary situations, many businesses
worry about the level of impact during construction and the length and magnitude of
the recovery period. Transportation construction may cause a temporary loss of
customers, revenue, and property value as well as create noise and air pollution and
other problems. Typically, business owners are very concerned when a Transportation
construction project is proposed near their businesses. This thesis analyses the
economic impacts of BRT construction activity on local businesses in the capital city
Peshawar situated in the province of Khyber Pashtun Khawa. As this BRT project is
the first mega project of transportation in this city. The thesis analyse the impact of
construction activities on local industry sectors like restaurants, convenience stores,
retail, auto and truck repair shops, furniture and beauty pallor/ cosmetic.

16
3.4 sampling size and sampling technique

BRT project was stared since fourth quarter of the 2017 and the construction is still on
the way. The entire engineering project is located on the main city roads passing
through main business hubs. Many inconvenience and problems have been brought to
residents and business life. the sample technique used in this thesis were stratified
random sampling with sample size of 100(n=100). Stratified or proportional sampling
aims to find a population for the entire population and for the subgroups within
population. the population is divided in to four subgroups i.e Hayatabad , university
town, tehkal payyan and sadder. These subgroups were made to analyze the
inconvenience and problems faced by the business community due to the construction
activates of BRT project.

3.5 Theoretical Framework

Stakeholder theory The origin of stakeholder management literature can be traced

back to 1963, when the word first appeared in an international memorandum at the
Stanford Research Institute (Freeman, 1984). A stakeholder can be defined as: “any
identifiable group or individual who can affect the achievement of an organization's
objectives or who is affected by the achievement of an organization's
objectives”(Freeman and Reed, 1983). Stakeholders must be involved in the process
to facilitate the success of sustainability. Walker (2000) identified that “stakeholders
can provide tangible value and valuable feedback information about how they are
affected and can cooperate in delivering the output”. A construction project comprises
a series of complex activities. construction project development, execution, and
delivery often include a large number of stakeholders. Different stakeholders can
influence the implementation of sustainable construction (Wang et al, 2014).
Governments are one of the most important stakeholders in the subway construction.
The importance of government can be reflected by various ways. For example, they
develop environmental policy plans to define sustainability goals (Bllaauw and
Premus, 2000), and set environmental standards for contractors and project
participants to improve subway environment performance. The governance regimes
must adapt to the specific project and context, deal with emergent complexity, and
change as the project development process unfolds (Miller and Hobbs, 2005).
Governments establish codes and levels of performance, and authorities and private

17
organizations have to work within the boundaries of the rules (Ngowi, 2001).
Contractors may be obligated to improve their environmental performance to respond
to a community's requirements. Contractors need to take actions for planning and
managing the work regarding the minimization of environmental impacts related to
the construction process(Qietal.,2010).They can use an environmental management
system integrating the environmental issue in the organizational processes and
procedures (Yip, 2000), and choose sustainable materials and sustainable design
alternatives to cater to environmental regulations (Rohracher, 2001). A subway project
is an important infrastructure for serving residents. Therefore the public interests have
close association with the sustainability of a construction project. The praise and
complaints of a community on a construction site represents an important factor
affecting the project's sustainability performance. According to Walker (2000), the
environmental impact becomes a crucial issue especially when the interests of the
public are affected, in particular, for those large-scale engineering projects. Zhang et
al. (2008) show that those pressures from the community play significantly positive
roles in engaging firms in improving environmental management performance.

18
 CHAPTER 4

ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Introductions

This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings from 100 questionnaires
completed by business personals following the route of construction. The purpose of
this thesis was to identify the impact of construction activities on the business
community.

The objective of the thesis was to identify

 Impact of construction activities on business community

Questionnaires were given to business personals running business on the construction

zone. After willingness to participate these business personals completed the
questionnaires. Total 100 out of 100 questionnaires were filled completely. The data
from the questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The SPSS version 20.1 is used to
analyze data. The findings are discussed through sections of questionnaires. The three
sections of questionnaires were

 Section A: Business data

 Section B: Services satisfaction level

 Section C: Construction effect on economic activities of business

 Section D: Shift of business to alternative locations

4.2 Business data

This section of questionnaire covers the industry sector in which business is operating
and business forecast before the construction phase and during construction phase.

4.2.1 Industry sector

The respondent were asked about in which industry sector does their business is
operating. Table 4.1 describes the respondent industry sector.

19
Table 4.1 Respondent industry sector

Sectors Frequency Percent

Restaurants 13 13.0

Convenience Stores 21 21.0

Retail 15 15.0

Auto & Truck Repair Shops 15 15.0

Furniture 17 17.0

beauty parlors/cosmetics 19 19.0

Total 100 100.0

(Source: Field Survey 2018)

Fig 4.1

Respondent were in six different industry sector which include restaurants,

convenience stores, retail, auto and truck repair shops, furniture and beauty
parlors/cosmetics.

20
4.2.2 Business forecast before construction phase

The respondents were asked to mark the business forecast before the construction
phase. Table 4.2.2 shows the actual sales before the construction phase i-e January to
September 2017.

Table 4.2 Actual sales before construction phase

Responses Frequency Percent

Less than 10% higher 59 59.0

Between 10% and 20% higher 20 20.0

Over 20% higher 20 20.0

Less than 10% lower 1 1.0

Total 100 100.0

(Source: Field Survey 2018)

The table shows that overall actuals sale were higher before the construction phase.
99% of the actual sales were higher at less than 10%, between 10% to 20% and over
20%.

Fig 2: How would you assess your actual sales in the period of January to September 2017?

21
4.2.3 Business forecast during construction period

The respondents were asked to marked business forecast during the phase of
construction i-e five months. Table 4.2.3 shows the business forecast during
construction phase of five months.

Table 4.2.3 Business forecast during construction phase

What is yours business forecast for last five months?

Responses Frequency Percent

Less than 10% higher 6 6.0

Between 10% and 20% higher 8 8.0

Over 20% higher 1 1.0

Less than 10% lower 19 19.0

Between 10% to 20% lower 63 63.0

Over 20% lower 3 3.0

Total 100 100.0

The table shows that 15% of business recorded increase in sales. Remaining 85% of
the business sales recoded decrease in sales. Among them highest percentage 63% of
respondent marked 10% to 20% decrease in sales.

Fig 3: What is your business forecast for last five months?

22
4.3 Services satisfaction level

In this section respondents were asked questions about the satisfaction level of
business services during the period of construction. Respondent were asked that how
satisfied are they at rendering services in the construction period, how satisfied are
they with overall conditions of roads along their business and how satisfied are they
with the operations of construction on roads. Table 4.3.1 4.3.2 and 4.3.3 shows the
statistical description of the respondents.

Table 4.3.1 Satisfaction of business operations during construction

How satisfied are you with your business operation during construction phase of BRT?

Responses Frequency Percent

Satisfied 10 10.0

Dissatisfied 40 40.0

vary dissatisfied 50 50.0

Total 100 100.0

The table shows that only 10% are satisfied with their business operations and 90%
are dissatisfied and very dissatisfied respectively.

Fig 4: How satisfied are you with your business operation during construction phase of BRT?

23
Table 4.3.2 overall conditions of road along business

How satisfied are you with overall condition on roads along your business?

Responses Frequency Percent

vary satisfied 4 4.0

Satisfied 2 2.0

Valid Dissatisfied 41 41.0

vary dissatisfied 53 53.0

Total 100 100.0

Table 4.3.2 shows that only 8% respondents are satisfied and very satisfied and rest of
98% are dissatisfied and very dissatisfied.

Fig 5: How satisfied are you with overall condition on roads along your business?

24
Table 4.3.3 Satisfaction with the operation on road construction

How satisfied are you with operations of on road construction i-e controlling, warning and traffic
through and around work area?

Responses Frequency Percent

vary satisfied 3 3.0

Satisfied 4 4.0

Valid Dissatisfied 38 38.0

vary dissatisfied 55 55.0

Total 100 100.0

This table also shows the highest percentage of dissatisfaction and very
dissatisfaction. Thus from this section the respondents shows dissatisfaction from the
services of their business during the construction period.

Fig 6: How satisfied are you with operations of on road construction i.e. controlling, warning and
traffic through and around work area?

4.4 Construction effect on economic activities of business

In the section respondents were asked questions about the construction impacts on
their business economic activities. Table 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 shows its statistical
description.

25
Table 4.4.1 dust and noise impact on business operations

Rate the degree at which dust and noise does affect your business operations?

Responses Frequency Percent

vary much 42 42.0

Somewhat 40 40.0

Valid Neutral 17 17.0

not at all 1 1.0

Total 100 100.0

Table 4.4.1 shows that noise and dust due to construction have 42% and 40% very
much and somewhat impact on the economic operations of business.17% responded
neutral and just 1% responded no impact.

Fig 7: Rate the degree at which dust and noise does affect your business operations?

26
Table 4.4.2 Customer lose due to construction activities

Approximately how many customers due you lose during construction activities?

Responses Frequency Percent

vary much 45 45.0

somewhat 37 37.0

Valid Neutral 7 7.0

not at all 11 11.0

Total 100 100.0

Table 4.4.2 describes that 82% of respondents responded in the right of customer loss
7% remain neutral and 11% responded against customer loss.

Thus this section concluded that due to construction activities a high percentage of
impact found on the economic activities of the business along the route of
construction.

Fig 8: Approximately how many customers due you lose during construction activities?

27
4.5 Shift of business to alternative locations

This section asked question about the shift of business to alternative locations. Table
4.5.1 show respondent response on this question.

Table 4.5.1 Shift of business to alternative locations

To what extent you need your business to shift at alternative locations?

Responses Frequency Percent

vary much 1 1.0

Somewhat 1 1.0

Valid Neutral 2 2.0

not at all 96 96.0

Total 100 100.0

The table 4.5.1 shows that 96% of respondents answered against the shifting of
business to alternative location meanwhile 2% remain neutral and 2% answered on
behalf of the shifting.

Fig 9: To what extent you need your business to shift at alternative locations?

4.6 Conclusion

28
This chapter discussed the data analysis and interpretation with reference to the
literature review. The aim of this study was to identify impact of construction
activities on the local businesses The main findings of the investigation were
summarized in each section.

4.7 Discussion

The research has been conducted in the realm of brt construction zone. Businesses
following the construction zone have been questioned and surveyed. The thesis topic
was BRT construction activities and its impact on the local business. The main
objective of the thesis was to find out the adverse impact of construction activities on
the sales and revenue of the particular business. According to this the thesis explored
the effects of the construction on the lives of the businesses. The business community
following the route of the construction was badly affected. The biasness community
faced los sales. Due to construction the individuals transport route have changed and
people have suffer in more specific business operators were suffered a lot. In the due
course business managers and operators was surveyed and questioned. The route of
BRT Peshawar flowing from Hayatabad , University Town, Tehkal Payan and Sadder.
The occupying business on the route was fall in the free discussion about construction
and their business activities. The industry sectors were divided into six main business
occupied on these places including convenience stores, retails, restaurants furniture
and beauty polar /cosmetics. The discussion raised key concept about the impact of
construction activities and raised vital questions about the business recipient
satisfaction effects, sales effects and persistence expenses etc.

The searcher discussed the construction activities with the managers and operators of
the business. Majority of the manger had told that when the project was starting there
was no information available to us to take precautionary actions. Due to this course
we didn’t involve in the precautionary measurements and walk in sale are cut now
during heavy construction phase. The sales which incurred before construction was
higher than the sales now a days i-e during construction. The business operators on
the route covered by heavy construction told that neither they get any advice
committee from the authorities to guide them how to get their business operate
normally during the period of construction phase nor any information about the
project stating. We have no information about project timings and work. The

29
information about basic necessities are hidden. We have not informed when they
conduct work on electricity poles. Due to this power supply has been cut for long last
and we cannot run our operations. Same is the case with the telephone and other
necessary resource like telecommunication and water supply. The roads were
congested already and it is even more congested from prior, as of ongoing machine
work on the roads. Service roads are fully demolished and parking spots are
completely eliminated. It causes a rough flow of traffic and extreme rush of cars on
the road. Due to traffic customer are effected a lot they used to make a way on the
alternative routes. Due to this our customer are lose. Employ also get late due to
traffic issues. Even it takes 1 to 2 hours to cover distance of 4-6 KM. due to hurdles in
the traffic employ and costumers became inactive. Thus resulting difficulty for
business to make a smooth way. The managers were asked future benedicts after
construction. Majority response in appositive manners one of the human resources
manager at plaza expressed that, Economics play important role in the most decisions,
including construction. We have been expecting a positive result in the upcoming
phase i-e after completion of the construction. Business operators often claim that
new construction will creates an economic boom. In the response of the question
about alternative route most t of the businesses shown dis agreement at shifting to
alternative locations. Some of the small business usually operating on street side
shown interest to shift to alternative location if they were provide with an opportunity.

In the area of Hayatabad the business managers shown a normal behavior over the
flow of business. They told that at Hayatabad roads are not to congested and business
operating there are in a small number, there is an issue of traffic but not for long time,
traffic van shined in no time so by this reason business are in normal position.
Secondly small number of businesses operating in this area have its own parking for
their customers which is sufficient to handle the issue of parking so customer can feel
ease while getting business services. This is the main reason the business operating in
the area of Hayatabad have their normal business operation.

The only business which had shown an increase in the revenue was the auto and truck
repair shops. They argued that due to construction, heavy excavations, poor road
conditions and dust it is difficult o maintain the conditions of the vehicles’ perfect.
They argued that almost 50% of increase in sale is due to these factors. We have seen
customer in the due course whose vehicles have damaged due to a large number of
30
culverts , worse condition of roads and water spot on the roads. Thus after the
discussion with the mangers and business operators situated near the construction
zone it can be concluded that , the route followed by BRT construction ,business at
university town, Tehkal Payan and sadder have a huge impact on the business sales.
The majority of the mangers responded satisfied during construction and the auto and
truck repair shop have shown normal business operation and shown an increase in the
revenue. Thus to evaluate overall , the construction phase of BRT Peshawar
construction activities destroyed 90% of local businesses with a huge financial and
customer lose.

31
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions

The BRT construction activities in Peshawar city have a great negative impact on the
local business community. There is need for the systematic re-planning for the flow of
businesses during construction period. Therefore it is a challenge for provincial
authorized department to reduce the impact led by these construction activities. This
thesis investigated a negative impact on local business through collection of primary
data.

5.2 Recommendations

 It is very important to investigate the effected resources for business

community and introduce a proper improvement measurement with a pave and
sensitive plan, like proper implementation procedures, specified
implementation responsible institution and reporting etc.

 Dust which has shown a negative impact on air quality and also disturbs
businesses. To reduce the impact during construction phase it is necessary to
periodically spray water during rush hours (2-4 times per day)to reduce dust
and air pollution.

 The raw material using during construction should be site carefully or another
way material, equipment at material site should be shifted to specified rented
area choosen for this purpose. This will provide a relief on obstruction to
business activities.

 Making priority to finish culverts installation in-front of business holds to help

them perform normal business activities.

 The uncertainty associated with the development and how it may impact in
business, it is difficult for business to plan for future. This is particularly
challenging for small and independent businesses inbound to construction
area. There is a need for provision of a point of contact advice and support

32
 services for businesses. The following steps for provincial government are
necessary.

 Providing professional advice

 Business planning supports

 Legal advice

Thus this will enable effected businesses to plan ahead, minimize disruption and
provide a greater confidence for decision making and investments. Secondly The
business advice service should provide advance information about construction work.

 Street vendors mainly a small restaurants and street food business are effected
by demolition. For those businesses of street vendors it is necessary that
support should be available to find similar alternative accommodations.

 For businesses affected by the construction or operation impact, advance

funding should be a great precautionary measure. It will enable the continuity
of the work and customer environment. This can be delivery through
compensation funds.

 After the completion of the construction project, there is a need of survey on

affected businesses to talk measures to support their losses. It may be by direct
financial support or may on another alternative help.

 Alternatively the authorities have to compensate the extra expense incurred

due to construction by the local business. Extra expense means reasonable and
necessary expenses incurred in the time phase of construction.

 There is need for mobilization of resources i.e. equipment’s and workers to

reduce construction time. Shorten the construction period; the less will be the
losses to business community.

The knock on effect of loss of business would be reduced turnover and potential
business relocations and/or closures. This would result in reduced economic activity
and the loss of industry jobs which are an important source of employment. Thus its is
necessary for provincial government to assist these loses carefully and provide a
strong support for the confidence of the effected business community.

33
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Appendix

QUESTIONNAIRE

 Note: all answers must be given taking the construction under

consideration.

Name of Business:

Gender: a) Male b) Female

Read and answer the following questions for carefully accurate evaluation.
Circle the answer which best represents your opinion.

1. In which industry sector your business is operating?

a. Restaurants b. Convenience Stores c. Retail

d. Auto and Truck Repair e. Furniture f. Beauty parlors
Shops

2. Which type of business do you have?

a. Corporation b. Partnership c. Sole proprietor

3. How would you asses your potential sales over the following period?
1) Fourth quarter of 2017 i-e October-December to march-April.

a. Less than 5% increase b. Between 5% to 10% c. Over 10% increase

increase
d. Less than 5% decrease e. Between 5% to 10% f. Over 10% decrease
decrease
2) First quarter of 2018 i-e March-April

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 a. Less than 5% increase b .Between 5% to 10% d. Over 10% increase
increase
d. Less than 5% decrease e. Between 5% to 10% f. Over 10% decrease
decrease

4. How would you assess your actual sales in the period of January to September
2017?

a. Less than 10% higher b. Between 10% and c. Over 20% higher
20% higher
d. Less than 10% lower e. Between 10% to 20% f. Over 20% lower
lower
5. How would you assess your actual sales for the period of October 2017 to March
2018?

a. Less than 10% higher b. Between 10% and 20% c. Over 20% higher
higher
d. Less than 10% lower e. Between 10% to 20% f. Over 20% lower
lower

6. What is your business forecast for the last five months?

a. Less than 10% higher b. Between 10% and 20% c. Over 20% higher
higher
d. Less than 10% lower e. Between 10% to 20% f. Over 20% lower
lower

Read and answer the following questions carefully for accurate evaluation.
Circle the answer which best represents your opinion.

1 = very satisfied 2 = satisfied 3 = dissatisfied 4 = vary dissatisfied

Q. Question 1 2 3 4
No
1 How satisfied are you with your customers
and employ ability to assess your business
by car?

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2 How satisfied are you with your business
operation during construction phase of BRT?

3 How satisfied are you with the flow of

traffic?

4 How satisfied are you with your customer

and employ ability to assess your business
by walking or public and private transport?

5 How satisfied are you with the loading and

unloading area along roadway?
6 How satisfied are you with on street parking
for customers?
7 How satisfied are you with overall condition
on roads along your business?

8 How satisfied are you with the services you

render?
9 How satisfied your customer are to access to
your services?

10 How satisfied are you with operations of on

road construction i-e controlling, warning
and traffic through and around work area?

11 How satisfied are you with your business at

existing location?
12 How satisfied will you be if you shift your
business to alternative locations?

Read and answer the following questions carefully for accurate evaluation.
Circle the answer which best represent t your opinion.

1= very much 2= somewhat 3=neutral 4=not at all

Q. Question 1 2 3 4
No
1 Rate the degree at which your business relies
on traffic and transportation system?
2 Rate the degree at which dust and noise does
affect your business operations?

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3 Approximately how many customers due you
lose during construction activities?
4 Approximately how many customers due you
lose during construction activities?

5 Rate the degree at which construction

activities destroyed your economic
activities?

6 To what extent you think that your business

suffering financial loss?
7 To what extent do you think that your
customers are away from your services?

8 To what extent do you think your customers

are satisfied with the availability of parking?
9 Approximately to what extent your loading
and unloading activities destroyed?

10 To what extent you think that your business

facing economic crisis?

11 To what extent do you think your business

should stay at the same location?
12 To what extent you need your business to
shift at alternative locations?

Please briefly state your opinion regarding BRT project. Is this mega project is a right
decision by provincial authorities?

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