1.The principal notes that the mean reading test score of Ms. Bates's class is 35.

5 this year but

was 37.5 last year. Any question before we recommend that he have a talk with her about
"shaping up"?

2.You are a "person-in-the street" interviewer for a radio station. Take as your population those
who come close enough that you might buttonhole them for an interview. Name four biases that
you think might prevent you from obtaining a truly random sample of interviewees.

3.In recent years, shopping malls have become a favorite site for companies to test consumers'
responses to new products through interviews. These interviews, called "mail intercepts," have
largely replaced door-to- door interviewing because they are relatively quick and inexpensive.
Research has shown that 95% of American households shop at malls at least once a year and that
two-thirds shop at malls at least once every two weeks. (a) Can consumers interviewed in this
manner be considered a random sample of the population as a whole? Explain. (b) Is the sample
a random sample of people who go to malls? Explain. (c) What about just for people who go to
that mall? Explain.

4.Consider the X scores in Data 9B. Using the table of random numbers (Table C in Appendix F)
and the with out-replacement sampling plan, select a sample of 20 scores from this set of 60
scores. Describe the steps in your procedure, including how you used the table of random
numbers.

5. Consider Table 13.2. In random sampling, what is the probability of obtaining a sample mean
(a) of 3.0 or less? (b) Of 4.0 or 5.0 or 6.0? (c) Greater than 5.0?

6. Consider a population of five scores: 1, 2, 4, 7, and 11. (a) Find the mean and standard
deviation of this set of scores. (b) List the 25 possible samples of size 2 that may be drawn from
this population by sampling with replacement. (c) Calculate the mean of each of the 25 samples
found in (b). (d) Cast the 25 means into frequency distribution. (e) Find the mean and standard
deviation of the distribution formed in (d). (f) Calculate the standard error of the mean of
samples of size 2: σ͞ x = σ / √2. (g) Does μ͞ x = μx ? (h) Is σ͞ x as calculated in (f) the same as the
standard deviation calculated in (e)? (i) The population of five scores does not form a sym
metrical distribution. Does the distribution of means found in (d) appear to follow the normal
curve? If not, does it seem closer to a normal distribution than the distribution formed by the
population of five scores? What principle is involved?
 7. Suppose you measured everyone's height (X) in your class to the nearest one-half inch and
obtained the following results:

63.0 76.5 70.0 68.5 63.0 58.0

72.5 67.0 65.5 70.0 65.5 69.5
64.5 66.0 63.5 67.5 69.5 68.5
58.5 65.5 59.0 73.5 72.5 60.0
70.0 60.5 66.0 59.0 64.5 75.0

Consider this to be your population and calculate μ͞x. Now suppose that you did not really have
time to com plete this assignment, but that you did have time to select two students at random
from the class and obtain the mean of this little sample to make a "best guess (inference) about
the population mean. To do so, assign each subject's height a number and, using your table of
random: numbers (Table C in Appendix F), draw your sample of 2 and calculate ͞X. Does ͞X =
μx ? Repeat this 19 more times. Do any of your 20 values of ͞X equal μx? How many different
values of ͞X did you get? Construct the partial sampling distribution for the 20 values of ͞X͞ and
calculate μ͞ x (the estimate of μx). Does μ͞ x = μx Why not? Is it close?
Now try the same thing again using samples of size
6. Do any of your values of ͞X equal μx ? Construct the partial sampling distribution for the 20
values of ͞X and calculate μ͞ x.
Reflect for a moment what you have just learned about statistical inference. When we infer
the population mean from the sample value, how often will we be cor rect? Although we may not
be correct, we want to be when close. Were mos: of the values of ͞X closer to μx when n =2 or
when n = 6? What can you conclude about tihe effect of sample size?

8. Given: A normally distributed population with μ = 150 and σ = 24. If samples of size 36 are
drawn at random, what is the probability of obtaining (a) a sample mean of 154 or higher? (b) A
sample mean that differs from 150 by 6 points or more?

9. Given: A normally distributed population with μ = 120 and σ = 10. If samples of size 25 are
drawn at ran- dom, what is the probability of obtaining (a) a sample mean of 118.25 or lower?
(b) A mean that differs from 120 by 2 points or more?

10. Given: A normally distributed population with μ = 150 and σ = 25. If samples of size 100 are
drawn at random, what is the probability of obtaining (a) a sample mean of 156 or higher? (b) A
mean that differs from 150 by 7 points or more?
11. For the data of Problem 8, (a) what sample mean is so great that it would be exceeded only
1% of the time in random sampling? (b) Within what central limits would 99% of the sample
means fall?

12. For the data of Problem 9, (a) what sample value is so small that the probability of one
smaller is .02? (b) Within what central limits would 95 % of the sample means fall?

13. For the data of Problem 10, (a) what sample mean is so high that 10 % of means wouid be
higher? (b) Within what central limits vould 90% of the sample means fall?

14. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is standard ized to have a mean of 100 and a standard
deviation of 15. If we draw random sample of 25 people from the population, what is the
probability of obtaining (a) a sample with a mean IQ of 95 or less? (b) A sample with a mean IQ
of 105 or greater? (c) Within what central limits would 95% of the sample means fall?

15. For Problem 14, suppose instead that we draw a random sample of 100 people. What is the
probabi!ity of obtaining (a) a sample with a mean IQ of 95 or less? (b) A sample with a mean !Q
of 105 or greater? (c) Within what central limits would 95% of the sample means fall? (d)
Compare these answers with those for the last ques- tion. What general conclusion can you
make?

16. Look again at Table 13.3. (a) Calculate the mean for each sample. (b) For each sampling plan,
calculate the mean of the sample means. (c) For each sampling plan, calculate the standard
deviation of the sample means. (d) What principle is demonstrated by your results? (See Note
13.2.)

17. By what percentage would the standard error of the mean for sampling with replacement
(Formula 13.2) be reduced if sampling were done without replacement and if (a) N = 1001, ռ =
50? (b) N = 1001, ռ = 100 ? (c) N = 1001; ռ = 500? See Note 13.2.