Acknowledgement

This project has been developed in the chemical laboratory of

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA,PITAMPURA. For successful
completion of the project named,“STUDY OF DIFFUSION OF
SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS”
I would like to thanks our working chemistry teacher Mrs.Saroj
singh for her guidance and help I would like to thanks
Mr.Lakshman singh for providing me the lab apparatus.
At the end I would like to thanks all those who where
associated with me, whose cooperation made the development of
the project a worthy experience.

Avinash
Roll no.- 12

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 INTRODUCTION

When substances are brought in contact with each other, they

intermix. This property of intermixing is known as diffusion. This
property of diffusion takes place very rapidly in case of gases and to a
lesser extent in case of liquids whereas solids do not show this
process of diffusion with each other. But what we can observe in case
of solids is that the diffusion of solids in liquids takes place at a very
slow rate.
If a solid is kept in contact with an excess of solvent in which it is
soluble, some portion of the solid starts dissolving. After some time a
stage reaches when whole of the solid gets dissolved. We know that
this process is known as dissolution of the solid in a liquid and this
process has taken place due to the diffusion of solid particles into the
liquid.
We know that molecules of solutes in solutions are in constant
random motion due to the collisions between molecules of solute and
that of the solvent. Also as the temperature is raised, kinetic energy
of molecules increases which thereby increases the number of
collisions. Particles of different substances move at different rates
e.g., when different coloured inks are placed in water at constant
temperature, they diffuse at different rates. The speed of the
movement of solid particles depends upon (a) Temperature (b) Size of
the particles (c) Mass of the particle.

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As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles which
thus increases the diffusion. Also the rate of diffusion if the size of
the particle increases.
In case the upward rate of diffusion is measured, the particles of
larger mass will have slow rate diffusion because force of gravity
slows down the upward rate of diffusion.

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 Experiment 1

To study diffusion when copper sulphate (solid) is brought in

contact with water (liquid).

REQUIREMENTS
Copper sulphate crystals, 100 mL beaker.

PROCEDURE
1. Take about 2 g of copper sulphate crystals in 100 mL
beaker.
2. Add about 50 mL of water and allow to stand for few
minutes.
3. Note the development of blue colour in water.
4. Allow to stand further when it will be observed that
whole of the copper sulphate disappears.
5. Note the blue colour change in water.

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OBSERVATION
Weight of CuSO4.5H2O added in each beaker = 1.00 g
Volume of water taken in each beaker = 150 mL
Room temperature = 27°C

Beaker No. Treatment given Time taken for complete

dissolution of CuSO4.(s)
1. Undisturbed
2. Heated
3. Stirred

DISCUSSION

Stirring and heating facilitate the diffusion of the copper sulphate in

water. This is probably due to increase in the kinetic energy i.e.,
randomness of the molecules of solid particles by both stirring and
increase in temperature of the system.

CONCLUSION
Rate of diffusion of a solid in a liquid increases on stirring and heating.

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 EXPERIMENT 2

To study the rate of diffusion of solids in a liquid as

dependent on the molecular mass of the solids.

REQUIREMENTS
Two 250 mL beakers, measuring cylinder, stop watch, pestle and
mortar and weight box.

CHEMICALS
Potassium dichromate, copper sulphate and distilled water.

PROCEDURE
1. Powder potassium dichromate and copper sulphate well
in a clean pestle and mortar weigh 1.10 g of each.
2. Take 100 mL of distilled water in a clean beaker with
the help of a measuring cylinder.
3. Add 1.10 g of potassium dichromate into it and
immediately start a stop watch. Note the time for
complete dissolution of the dichromate.
4. Similarly, Find out thee time for complete dissolution
of 1.10 g of the powdered copper sulphate in 100 mL of
water.

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OBSERVATION
Room temperature = 27°C
Weight of the solid taken = 0.10 g
Volume of distilled water taken each time = 100 mL
Time for complete dissolution of K2Cr2O7 = _ _ secs.
Time for complete dissolution of CuSO4.5H2O = _ _ secs.

DISCUSSION
It is observed that time taken for complete dissolution of CuSO4.5H2O
is less as compared to the time taken for complete dissolution of the
same amount of potassium dichromate. Thus, it can be said that rate
of diffusion of a solid in a liquid depends upon the nature of the solid
and their molecular masses, other conditions remaining same. Diffusion
rate of potassium dichromate having higher molecular mass than
copper sulphate is slower as compared to copper sulphate. That is,
rate of diffusion of solids in liquids is inversely proportional to the
molecular mass of the solid, if other conditions are same.

CONCLUSION
Rate of diffusion of a solid in a liquid depends upon molecular mass of
the solid.

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 CERTIFICATE
This is certified that Avinash of Class
XII-C , ROLL NO-12 has successfully completed
his Project “SUTDY OF DIFFUSION
OF SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS” in
CHEMISTRY.
I have thoroughly checked the
Report and found it to be correct.

MRS. SAROJ
SINGH

( PGT,CHEMISTRY)

viii
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT:-
Rate of diffusion depends on three factors viz. temperature, size
of particle and mass of particle. In this project we aim at illustrating
these facts experimentally by taking crystals of copper sulphate,
potassium permanganate and ammonium dichromate.

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