Aspects of Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a potential method to either treat or cure genetic-related human illnesses.

• Researchers are studying gene theraphy for a number of disease, such as:

 Severe combined immuno-deficiencies (SCID)

 Hemophilia
 Parkison's disease
 Cancer
 HIV

• 1960: The Concepts of Gene Theraphy was Introduced

1970: Friedmann and Roblin author of paper in Science titled “Gene theraphy for human genetic disease?”
cite the first attempt to perform gene theraphy
1990:
The first approved gene theraphy case at the National Institute of Health , U.K. It was performed on a
four year old girl named Ashanti DaSilva. It was treatment for a genetic defect that left her with an immune
system deficiency

• HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GENE THERAPHY

• 2007-2011: Research still ongoing and the number of diseases that has been treated successfully by the
gene therahy increases.
2011: Medical Community, Gero Hutter has a cured man from HIV using gene theraphy

• Two different forms of Gene therapy depending on which types of cells are treated:

• Somatic gene therapy: transfer of a section of DNA to any cell of the body that doesn’t produce sperm or
eggs. Effects of gene therapy will not be passed onto the patient’s children.
 Types of Somatic Gene

Ex Vivo
Cells are modified outside the body and then transplanted back in again
Called Ex Vivo because the cells are treated outside the body

In Vivo
Genes are changed in cells when the cells are still in the body
Called In Vivo because the gene is transferred to cells inside the patient's body

• Germ-line gene therapy: transfer of a section of DNA to cells that produce eggs or sperm. Effects of gene
therapy will be passed onto the patient’s children and subsequent generations.
Stem Cell Gene Therapy are mother cells that have the potential to become any type of cell in the body.
One of the main characteristics of stem cell is their ability to self-renew or multiply while maintaining the potential
to develop into other types of cells.

• Stem cells are derived from 2 different sources

Embryonic stem cells

• From the very earliest stage of pregnancy, after the sperm fertilizes the egg, an embryo forms.

• Around 3–5 days after a sperm fertilizes an egg, the embryo takes the form of a blastocyst or ball of cells.

• The blastocyst contains stem cells and will later implant in the womb. Embryonic stem cells come from a
blastocyst that is 4–5 days old.

• When scientists take stem cells from embryos, these are usually extra embryos that result from in vitro
fertilization (IVF).
Adult stem cells
Also called tissue-specific or somatic stem cells, adult stem cells exist throughout the body from the time an embryo
develops. The cells are in a non-specific state, but they are more specialized than embryonic stem cells. Day-to-day
living means the body is constantly renewing its tissues. In some parts of the body, such as the gut and bone marrow,
stem cells regularly divide to produce new body tissues for maintenance and repair.

• Challenges of Gene therapy

I. Delivering the gene to the right place and switching it on:

• it is crucial that the new gene reaches the right cell

• delivering a gene into the wrong cell would be inefficient and could also cause health problems for the
patient
II. Avoiding the immune response:

• The role of the immune system is to fight off intruders.

• Sometimes new genes introduced by gene therapy are considered potentially-harmful intruders.

• This can spark an immune response in the patient, that could be harmful to them.

• Scientists therefore have the challenge of finding a way to deliver genes without the immune system
‘noticing’.

• This is usually by using vectors that are less likely to trigger an immune response.
III. Making sure the new gene doesn’t disrupt the function of other genes:

• Ideally, a new gene introduced by gene therapy will integrate itself into the genome of the patient and
continue working for the rest of their lives.

• There is a risk that the new gene will insert itself into the path of another gene, disrupting its activity.

• This could have damaging effects, for example, if it interferes with an important gene involved in regulating
cell division, it could result in cancer.
IV. The cost of gene therapy:

• Many genetic disorders that can be targeted with gene therapy are extremely rare.
 • Gene therapy therefore often requires an individual, case-by-case approach. This may be effective, but may
also be very expensive.

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The information age
The history and emergence of the Information age
Timline of the Information age
3000 BC
Sumerian writing system used pictographs to represent words.

■Sumerian cuneiform is the earliest known writing system.It’s origins can be traced back to about 8,000 BC
and it developed from the pictographs and other symbols used to represent trade goods other and livestock on clay
tablets.Originally the sumerians made small tokens out of clay to represent the items.
2900 BC
Beginnings of Egyptian heiroglyphic writting
The amazing Diversity and history of Egyptian Heiroglyphics

■Egyptians started to use the hieroglyphic script, thousand of years ago.

■Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in ancient Egypt.It combined logographic, syllabic, and
alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters.Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious
literature on papyrus and wood.
1300 BC
Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used
Tortoiseshell and Oracle bone

■In ancient china the scholars who sought the message from the Heavens usedd a novel way of getting an answer.

■They would interpret the way that the bone splint as divine message just other ancient civilizations used all sorts of
portens (the flight of birds, thunders, and earthquakes.

■What is more significant is that the bones are old.About 3,500 years old and the writing on the bones is an early
form of the chinese language.

■When this was discovered by archaeologist in the early 1900s, it confirmed that chinese is the oldest language still
in widespread.
500 BC
Papyrus roll was used
 ■The ancient Egyptians used the stem of the papyrus plant to make snails, cloth, mats, cords and above all,
paper.Paper made from papyrus was the chief writing material in ancient Egypt, was adopted by the Greeks, and was
used extensively in the Roman Empire.
220 BC
Chinese small seal writing was developed

■Small seal script, formely romanized as Hsiao-chuan and also known as SEAL SCRIPT, LESSER SEAL
SCRIPT,and QIN SCRIPT, is an archaic form of chinese calligraphy.
100 BC
Book (Parchment Codex)

■A codex (/’koudeks) from Latin “CAUDEX”means”Trunk of a tree” or “Block of wood”,book).

■The book is usually bound by stacking the pages and fixing one edge a BOOKBINDING,which may just be
thicker paper (paper back or soft back),or with stiff boards, called a HARDBACK.It is the example of historical
binding.
105 AD
Wood block printing and paper was invented by the chinese

■CHINESE WOODBLOCKS were first used to Print design on silk cloth, beginning around the 4th or 5th
century.The technology found its way to another substance invented in china, paper. Only the later song Dynasty
(960-1279) were WOODBLOCKS first used to PRINT image.

1455
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press using movable metal types.

■Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany is acknowledged as the first to INVENT a METAL MOVABLE
TYPE PRINTING system is Erope, the PRINTING PRESS.Gutenberg was a goldsmith familiar with techbiques
of cutting punches for making coins from moulds.
1755
Samuel Johnson’s dictionary standardized English spelling

■A dictionary of the English Language published John Son, A dictionary of the Englis Language, sometimes
published as Johnson’s dictionary, is among the most influential dictionaries in the history of the English language.

■Samuel Johnson’s dictionary of the English Language is one of the most famous dictionariesb in history.First
published in 1755, the dictionary took just over eight years to compile, required six helpers, and listed 40,000
words.

1802
•The ribrarya of congress established
 •Invention of the carbon arc lamp.

■The library of congress is the oldest cultural institution in the nations capital, the library of congress occupies a
unique place in america civilization.
>It is theWorlds Largest library.
It has a three massive structure on Capitol Hill
>The Thomas Jefferson
> The John Adams
>The James Madison Memorial buildings.

• Minerva by elihu vedder

->is sepicted as a guardian of civilization and promoter of the arts and sciences.

■An Arc lamp or Arc light is a lamp that produce ligth by an electric arc.The carbon arc light, which consist of
an arc between carbon elctrodes in air, invented by HUMPHRY DAVY in the first decase of the 1800’s, was the
first practical light.
1824
Research on presistence of vision published

■This been believed to be the explanation for motion perception in cinema and animated films, but this theory
has long been discarded by scientis.
1830s
First variable design for a digital computer.
Auguta lady byron writes the worlds computer program.

• The English inventor Charles Babbage, however, is generally credited with having conceived
the firstautomatic digital computer. During the 1830s Babbage devised his so-called Analytical Engine, a
mechanical device designed to combine basic arithmetic operations with decisions based on its own
computations.

• Ada lovelace Augusta ada King , countess of lovelace (nee byron,10 December 1815-27 November
1852) was an english mathematecian and writer, chiefly known for her work on charles babbage’s proposed
mechanical genaral- purpose computer the analytical engine.

• 1837

• invention of the telegraph in great britain and the united states.

• An electrical telegraph was independently developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel
Morse. ... The Morse telegraphic apparatus was officially adopted as the standard for
European telegraphy in 1851. OnlyGreat Britain with its extensive overseas empire kept the
needle telegraph of Cooke and Wheatstone.

• 1861
• Motion pictures were projected onto screen.

• These early peephole toys and experiments with sequence photography indicate that the premise of the
movies—that is, a sequential series of pictures on cards or film passed by the eye fast enough tosuggest
continuous movement—was well in place before the first motion pictures were made andprojected
onto a screen.

• 1876

• Dewey decimal system was introduced.

• The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system is a general knowledge organization tool that is
continuously revised to keep pace with knowledge. The system was conceived by Melvil Dewey in 1873 and
first published in 1876.

• 1877

• Eadweard muybridge demonstrated high-speed photography.

• Eadweard Muybridge was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in .... Muybridge
gained notice for his landscape photographs, which showed the grandeur and expansiveness of the .....
pioneered stroboscopic and high speed photography and film, producing an Oscar-winning short movie

• 1899

• First magnetic recording were released.

• Magnetic Tape. The idea of recording and playing back sound by recording amagnetic signal on a
conductive medium was first thought of by American Oberlin Smith in 1888, and the first practical device
to do so -- using wire as the medium --was Danish inventor Valdemar Poulsen's Telegraphone, patented
in 1898.

• 1902

• Motion picture special effects were used.

• One of the earliest "special effects" flicks was 1902's Le Voyage Dans ... Melies brought together the
effects used in these other films into one ... He then pulls the other items out of thepicture and
the picture's expression changes as they ... from stop-motion animated monsters,

• 1906

• Lee De forest invented the electronic amplifying tube(triode)

• Leming invents the vacuum tube diode. In 1906, Lee de Forest invented the Audion later called the triode,
an improvement on the 'Fleming Valve' tube. In 1913, William D. Coolidge invented the 'Coolidge Tube',
the first practical Xray tube. In 1920, RCA began the first commercial electron tube manufacturing.

• 1926

• Fisrt practical sound movie.

• The earliest feature-length movies with recorded sound included only music and effects. The first feature
film originally presented as a talkie was The Jazz Singer, released in October 1927. A major hit, it was made
withVitaphone, which was at the time the leading brand of sound-on-disc technology.

• 1939

• Regularly scheduled television broadcasting began in the US.

• Before television became a firmly established medium, however, the United States entered World War II,
and television set production halted. In 1946, television sets went on sale again, and networktelevision
began to provide programming, although there were only ten licensed television stations in the country.

• 1946

• ENIAC computer was Developed.

• ENIAC was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania, U.S. ... In
1946, the researchers resigned from the University of Pennsylvania and formed the Eckert-
Mauchly Computer Corporation. ENIAC was a modular computer, composed of individual panels to
perform different functions.

• 1958

• first intergrated circuit.

• Half a year after Kilby, Robert Noyce at FairchildSemiconductor developed a new variety of integrated
circuit, more practical than Kilby's implementation. Noyce's design was made of silicon, whereas Kilby's
chip was made of germanium.

• 1960s

• Library of congress developed LC MARC(machine-readable code).

• MARC (MAchine-Readable Cataloging) standards are a set of digital formats for the description of items
catalogued by libraries, such as books. Working with the Library of Congress, American computer scientist
Henriette Avram developed MARC ... was low, and space precious, MARC uses a simple three-digit
numeric code ...

• 1971

• intel introduced the first microprossesor chip.

• Intel with the help of Ted Hoff introduced the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 on November 15,
1971. The 4004 had 2,300 transistors, performed 60,000 operations per second (OPS), addressed 640
bytes of memory, and cost $200.00.Intel introduced the 8008 processor on April

• 1972

• Optical lasedisk was developed by philips and MCA.\

• Optical video recording technology, using a transparent disc, was invented by David Paul Gregg and James
Russell in 1958 (and patented in 1961 and 1990). The Gregg patents were purchased byMCA in 1968. By
1969, Philips had developed a videodisc in reflective mode, which has advantages over the transparent
mode.
• 1974

• MCA and philips agreed on a standard videodisc encoding format.

• Videodisc. Videodisc (or video disc) is a general term for a laser- or stylus-readable random-access disc that
contains both audio and analog video signals recorded in an analog form. Georges Demeny on 3 March
1892 patented a 'phonoscope', designed in 1891, that projected chronophotographic pictures on a glass
disc.

• 1975

• Altair Microcomputer kit was released.. First personal computer for the public.

• The Altair 8800 is a microcomputer designed in 1974 by MITS and based on the Intel 8080 ...
Thecomputer bus designed for the Altair was to become a de facto standard in the .... When the 8080
wasintroduced in April 1974, Intel set the single unit price at $360 ... The first 50 IMSAI computers
shipped in December 1975.

• 1977

• Radio shack introduced the first complete personal computer.

• In 1977, two years after the MITS Altair 8800, Radio Shack introduced the TRS-80, one of the first
mass-produced personal computers. This was a complete pre-assembled system at a time when many
microcomputers were built from kits, backed by a nationwide retail chain when computer stores were in
their infancy.

• 1984

• Apple macintosh computer was introduced.

• The first Macintosh was introduced on January 24, 1984, by Steve Jobs (see the lower photo) and it was
the first commercially successful personal computer to feature two old known then, but still unpopular
features—the mouse and the graphical user interface, rather than the command-line interface of its
predecessors.

• Mid 1980s

• Artificial intelligence was separated from information science.

• Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the process of human thought can be mechanized.
The study of mechanical—or "formal"—reasoning has a long history. Chinese, Indian and Greek
philosophers all developed structured methods of formal deduction in the first millennium BCE.Timeline
of artificial intelligence · Progress in artificial intelligence

• 1987

• hypercard wa developed by bill atkinson recipe box metaphor

• HyperCard is a software program that can be used to author an application of the user's ... It waswritten
by Bill Atkinson and released with the System 6 Macintosh ... With HyperCard, the relevantmetaphor is a
stack of cards, similar to a card ... The HyperTalk programming language was created in 1986-87 by Dan
Winkler.
• 1991

• Four hundred fifty complete works of literature on one CD ROM was released.

• A CD-ROM is a pre-pressed optical compact disc which contains data. The name is an acronym ... Oneof a
set of color-bound books that contain the technical specifications for all ..... The first 12× drive was
released in late 1996. ... consumer DVD-ROM drives capable of consistent 36× CD-ROM speeds (4×
DVD) or higher.

• “Truths of the information age”

• According to Robert Harris detailed some facts on the information age

• Information must compete.

• Newer is equated with truer.

• Selection is a viewpoint.

• The media sells what the culture buys.

• You are what you eat and so is your brain.

• Anything is great demand will be counterfeited .

• Media presence creates ate story. People behave much differently from the way they would if being filmed
when the media are present , especially film news or television media.

• The medium selects the message .

• The whole truth is a pursuit.

• U ndead information walks ever on.

• How to check the reliabilty of web sources

• The following guidelines can helps us to check the reliability of web sources that we gather. It is noteworthy
to consider and apply the following guidelines to aviod misinformation (Lee College Library, n.d)
1. Who is the Author of the artilce/site? - look for About or More about the Author(s)
2. who published the site? – http://www.lee.edu/library the domain is “Lee.Edu” .Edu=education
.mil=Military .org=nonprofit .com=commercial .Gov=government.
3. what is the main purpose of the site ? Why did the author write it and why did the publisher post it?-
4. Timeless: when was the website first published? It is regularly updated? Check for dates at the bottom
each page on the site.

• Example of useful and Reliable web sources

• . AFA e-Newsletter ( Alzheimer’s Foundation of Newsletter)

• 2. American Memory The library of Congress historical digital collection

• 3. Barleby.com Great books Online – The library Of congress Historical Digital Collection

• 4. Chronicling America- Search and view pages from American Newspaper from 1880-1922

• 5. Cyber-Bullying - free Collection of E-books from library plus additional report and documents to
help better understand and take action against this glowing concern.

• 6. Drug Information Website:

• National Library

• Drugs.com

• PDR health

• Global Gateway: World Culture and Resources ( from the Library of congress)

• 8. Google Books

• 9. Googlescholar.com

• 10. The History sites with primary documents

• AMDOCS:

• Avalon Project

• Internet Modern History Sourcebook

• TeacherOz ‘s Kingdom of History

• 11. Illinois Digital Archives-

• 12. Internet Archive

• 13. Internet Archive for CARLI digitized resources

• 14. Internet public Library

• 15. ip2 – a merge of librarians internet index and internet public library

• 16. Librarians internet index

• 17. Maps from the University of Texas at Austin Collection.

• 19. Nation Master

• 20. Nursing Site:

• AHRQ( www.ahq.gov)

• National Guidelines Clearinghouse (www.guideline.gov)

• PubMed (www.nlm.nih.gov)
 • 21. Project Gutenberg

• 22. Shmoop- is the guidelines for assignments, literature, guide for science , math and etc.

• 23. State master

• 24. Virtual Reference

• computer

• Are among the most important contribution of advances in the information age to society.A computer is an
electronic device that stores and process data (information). It runs on a program that contains the exact ,
step-by step direction to solve a problem(Ushistory.org,2017)

• TYPES OF COMPUTER
1. Personal computer(PC)
It is a single user instrument . PCs were first known as microcomputers since they were a complete computer
but built on a smaller scale than the enormous system operated by most businesses.

• 2. Desktop Computer
It is described as a PC that is not designed for portability. The assumption with a desktops is that it will
be set up in a permanent pot.
3.Laptop
These are portable computers that integrate the essentials of a desktop computer in a battery-powered
package. Which are somewhat larger than a typical hardcover book. They are commonly called notebook
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
These are tightly integrated computers that usually have no keyboard but rely on a touch screen for user input.
PDAs are typically smaller than a paperback , lightweight , and battery-powered (Ushistory.org, 2017)
5. Server
It refers to a computer that has been improved to provide network services to other computers. Servers
usually boast powerful processors, tons
Of memory , and large hard drives (UShistory2017).
6. Mainframes
These are huge computer systems that can fill an entire room. They are used especially by large firms to
describe the large, expensive machines that process millions of transactions everyday. The term “mainframe” has been
replaced by enterprise server. Although some supercomputers are single computer system, most comprise multiple ,
high –performance, parallel computers working as a single system.
7. Wearable computers
They involve materials that are usually integrated into cellphones , watches and other small objects or
places. They perform common computer application such as databases, email ,multimedia and schedulers
GROUP 9 INFORMATION AGE
MEMBER: GALANG APRIL JOYCE
BAUTISTA THERESA
SIBULBORO JEAN MARIEL

WHEN TECHNOLOGY
AND
HUMANITY CROSS
The ever-growing society has made people see technology as some from of necessity. Tracing back it's origins , the
word "technology " came from the Greek word techno and logos which mean art and word, respectively. Taking the
two words together, technology means a discourse on arts . It first appeared in the seventeenth century where the
concept was only used to talk about the arts, specifically applied arts.
However, as technology progressed, the concept also started to have a wide range of meaning where art is no longer
the only topic included. Concept like machine and tools were also attached to the word "technology " which is the
more popular sense of the concept nowadays.
* The roles played by technology these days are very crucial not only to a few but also to everyone . In one way or
another , each person in the society is direct and indirectly affected by technology whether he wills it or not .
It is with great effort that people were able to achieve such great inventions. It can clearly be seen from the simplest
task at home at the most complicated ones inside the office or laboratory. Technology these days enjoys such fame
and glory because of the many different benefits it brings to mankind.
Different activities that technology can offer to people like
* It allows people to listen good music wherever they are.
* It allows them to communicate with their loved ones anywhere in the world.
*It allows them to surf and play games anytime anywhere.
At present, people work very hard in order to save money to buy these "necessities"
while in the past, people only used their money for the thing s that would help them to survive like
 FOOD
 HOUSING
 CLOTHING
However, that is no longer the case at present.
Technology keeps on progress due to not only the changing times and environment but also to the ever-progressing
mind of mankind.
 Brilliance
 Creativeness
 Power of the mind
However, it is also important to note that anything too much is bad . Although it has been very helpful to people, it
is still not immune to criticisms and backlash.
* Isolation
* Lack of Social Skills
* Obesity
* Depression
* Poor Sleep Habits
* Increased Bullying
* Lack of Privacy
* Addiction
* Lack of Empathy
* More Violence
In this lesson, several technological devices will be properly introduced, the roles they play in society and their
effects, particularly to the lives of the people will be identified, and the problems they face will also be examined
thoroughly.
First, according to Kantar Media, one of the most trusted television audience measurement providers, in the
Philippines, 92 percent of urban homes and 70 percent of rural homes own at least one television set. This survey
simply shows that almost all Filipinos use this particular type of device. In fact, Filipinos are believed to have this big
fascination for television. Kantar Media also reported that in the Philippines, the current count of households with
television set already reached 15.135 million .
Television was a product of different experiments by various people.
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
a german student, in the late 1800s was successful in his attempt to send image through wires with the aid of a
rotating metal disk. This invention was called the "elctric telescope " that had 18 lines of resolution.
In 1907 , two inventors, * Alan Archibald Capmbell-Swinton
In 1907 , two inventors,
* Alan Archibald Capmbell-Swinton
Who was an English scientist and
* Boris Rosing
who was a Russian scientist, created a new system of television by using cathode ray tube in addition to the
mechanical scanner system . This success story gave rise to two types of television systems, namely;
 Mechanical Television
 Electronic Television
These experiments inspired other scientist to improve the previous inventions, which led to the
 Modern Television
Second, Filipinos love to use their moblie phones anywhere, anytime. They use it for different purposes other than
that for communication. In 2010, global research agency Synovate conducted a survey and declared 67 percent
product ownership in the country. To prove that Filipinos really love to use their mobile phones, the Ipsos Media
Atlas Philippines Nationwide Urban 2011-2012 survey results showed that one in every three Filipinos cannot live
wothout a mobile phone. In other word 30 percent of the Philippine Urban population nationwide said that mobile
phones are necessities in life .
Philippine streets are full of people using their mobile
Not only this, there are some Filipinos who even own more than one mobile phone.
Mobile phones have a very interesting background story. On April. 3 , 1973 , Martin Cooper
a senior engineer at Motorola, made the worlds first mobile phone call. He called their rival telecommunications
company and properly informed them that he was making the call from mobile phone .
In 1983 Motorola made their first commercial mobile phone available to the public it was known , Motorola
DynaTAC 8000X
Just like Television sets and mobile phones, computers and laptops also have a long background history of trial and
error.
Charles Babbage
a nineteenth-century English Mathematicians professor, who designed the Analytical Engine which was used as the
basic framework of the computers even until the present time.
Analytical Engine
Before, the first design of computer was so big that it could occupy whole floors of buildings. It was not long before
people started dreaming that they could bring their devices to any place they wished. They hope that someday it
would be possible for these devices to be portable.
The first true portable computers was realesed in April 1981 it was called OSBRE
THANK YOU!

• Robotics and humanity

• ROBOT

• Is an actuated mechanism programmable in two or more axes with a degree of autonomy, moving within its
environment, to perform intended task.
 The earliest conception of robot can be traced around 3000 B.C from the Egyptians.
 And it was the Egyptian Water Clocks used human figurines to strike the hour bells.
 While In 3500-4000 b.c
 Archytas of Tarentum

• Was a renowned mathematician and politician, but according to some ancients sources, he may also be the
grandfather of robotics.

• He build and design the steam-powered Wooden Dove or he called it “The Pigeon”.
However, the earliest robots as people know them were created by GEORGE DEVOL.

• “Unimate” was his first invention from the word “Universal Automation”.

• Unimate was the first industrial robot.

• The Internal Federation of Robotics (IFR) and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
(UNECE) made it their task to formulate a working definition for service robots

• A preliminary extract of the relevant definition is (IFR, 2012)

• Types of robot

• A service robot – is a robot that performs useful tasks for human or equipment excluding industrial
automation application.

• There are two kinds of service robot:

• Industrial robot

• It is a robot used for manufacturing.

• Service robot

• It assist human beings, typically by performing a job that is dirty, dull, distant, dangerous or repetitive,
including household chores.

• A personal service robot or service robot for personal use – is a service robot used for noncommercial task,
usually by laypersons.

• A professional service robot or service robot for professional use- is a service robot used for a commercial
tasks, usually operated b a property trained operator.

• GERMANY
 Was one of the first countries to develop service robots. As part of the German Federal Ministry of
Education and Research’s “Service Robotics Innovation Lead Initiative,” it sponsored a collaborative
project called DESIRE.
DESIRE
- Deutsche Servicerobotik Initiative-Germany Service Robotics Initiative.
- Was launched on October 1, 2005
-DESIRE has the following individual objectives (DESIRE, 2009) :
o To achieve a technological edge toward attaining key functions and components that are suited for
everyday use
 o To create a reference architecture for mobile manipulation
o To promote the convergence of technologies through integration into a common technology platform.
o To conduct pre-competition research and development activities for new product and technology transfer
in start-up enterprises in the field of service robotics

• ROLES PLAYED BY ROBOTICS

• Robots play different roles not only in the lives of the people but also in the society as a whole.

• They are primarily used to ease the workload of mankind.

• They were invented to make life more efficient and less stressful.

• There are also robots which are made for pleasure to entertain people.

• There are also some robots which were made to serve as toys.

• Just like people living in the society, Robots also have their own set of rules and characteristics that define
what a good robot is.

• These laws were formulated by Isaac Asimov back in the 1940’s.

These are the following:
 Law One:
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow human being to come to harm.

 Law Two:
A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law.
 Law Three:
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.

• Ethical dilemma/s faced by robotics

The Dilemmas faced by robots:

• SAFETY
: Who should be held accountable if someone’s safety is compromised by a robot?

• EMOTIONAL COMPONENT
: What if robots become sentient? Should they be granted robot rights? Should they have their own set of
rights to be upheld, respected, and protected by humans?

• PARTIAL AUTONOMY

• Includes active human-robot.

 • FULL AUTONOMY

• Excludes active human robot interaction.

Roles played by these TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY

 TELEVISION
It is mainly used as a platform for advertisement and information dissemination.

MOBILE PHONES
They are primarily used for communication.
COMPUTERS/laptops
It can be used to surf the internet and communicate.
People prefer to do their job using either personal computers or laptops than mobile phones.
ETHICAL DILEMMA FACED BY THESE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
BEHAVOUR AND HEALTH
health or physical dilemma
Most parents would argue that these devices make their children lazy and unhealthy.
These type of people are already overly dependent on these technological devices.
People have the tendency to be unaware of the time.
Effects of technology to the people
Technology can affect life both positively and negatively
Technology can affect life both positively and negatively