EME408 Image processing and

vision

Module overview

Dr. Thilini Rajakaruna

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Image processing and vision
The analysis and manipulation of a digitized image, especially in order to
improve its quality.
Computer Vision is concerned with the high-level interpretation of images.

Low Level Process Mid Level Process High Level Process

Input: Image Input: Image Input: Attributes
Output: Image Output: Attributes Output: Understanding
Examples: Noise Examples: Object Examples: Scene
removal, image recognition, understanding,
sharpening segmentation autonomous navigation

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Image processing Vs. Computer vision
 Low-level image processing is concerned with noise reduction, contrast
enhancement, and image sharpening. The input is an image and the output
is an image.

 Mid-level image processing is concerned with segmentation, object

description, and classification of objects. The input is an image, and the
output is a set of attributes.

 High-level image processing is concerned with making sense of images,

interpreting the scene, and performing more cognitive analysis.
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Learning Outcomes
• Explain functionality of human vision system and digitizing of images

• Apply basic image transformations, enhancements and scaling operations

• Identify core concepts in camera calibration

• Analyse image for feature detection, segmentation and pattern recognition

• Apply basic motion detection and segmentation techniques

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Module outline
1. Digital Images: Definition of an image; Digitization; Criteria for sampling and
quantization

2. Human Vision System: Physiology of the human vision system; Psychophysical

experiments, results and implications; Visual perception, Dichromatic reflection
model, Colour

3. Image Transformations: Matrix and vector representation of images;

Orthonormal bases; Linear operators; 2D transforms; Singular Value
Decomposition of matrices; 2D Finite Fourier, Walsh, Hadamard and Haar
transforms; Karhunen-Loeve transform; Principal component analysis
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Module outline contd
4. Image Enhancement: Histogram modification; Smoothing; Sharpening; Other

enhancement filters

5. Image scale space representation: Basic scale-space theory; Gaussian kernel

and its derivatives; Scale-space pyramids; Interpolation

6. Geometry of Vision: Camera model; Homogenous coordinates; Geometric image

transformations; Camera calibration; Stereo Vision

7. Feature Detection: Basic image structures; Feature detection algorithms; Image

descriptors; Similarity measures

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Module outline contd.
8. 2D pattern representation: Hough transform; Shape detection; Matching
algorithms; RANSAC; Registration; Image Restoration

9. Segmentation: Thresholding; Split and merge algorithms; Region growing;

Recent segmentation methods; Clustering algorithms

10. Motion Analysis: Motion estimation techniques; Tracking; Motion based

segmentation

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Module Delivery
Lectures:

Thursday 9.00 am - 12.00 am (3 hours per week)

ground floor computer lab

In-class continuous assessments: Open-book quizzes

We will use MATlab® Image processing toolbox and OpenCV library with C/C++
(NetBean IDE) for computer based continuous assessments. There will be a few
written assignments as well.
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Mode of assessment
Continuous assessment : 50%

Mid-semester evaluation: 30%

Practical : 10%

Assignments : 10%

End semester examinations : 50%

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Reference Materials
Main Text:
 Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 4th Ed,
Pearson, 2017
 Gonzales RC., Woods P., Eddings, Digital Image Processing using Matlab, 2nd
Ed, 2009

Software Tools:
 MATLAB® (Image processing toolbox) R2015a or above
 C/ C++ and OpenCV library (NetBeans IDE)

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