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Platyhelminthes derived from Greek word, Platy means flat and helminthes
means worm. Platyhelminthes is triploblastic acelomates organism. This phylum is
classified into three main classes; cestoda, trematoda, and tubellarian.
The life cycle started when the egg (gravid prologtid) of T. solium or T.
saginata in human feces released in the environment. These eggs then adhere in
the grass. The grass then eaten by cow (for T. saginata)
saginata or pig (for T. solium).
The eggs hatches become oncospheres and move to the animal’s flesh. There,
oncospheres develop become cycsticerci. The human who eats the infected
animal in raw condition will be infected too. Cysts attach to the small intestine by
their scolex. Adult tapeworms develop, up to 2 to 7 m in length and produce
prod less
than 1000 proglottids, each with approximately 50,000 eggs and reside in the
small intestine for years.
One thing that differentiate T. solium and T. saginata is their hook. T.
saginata don’t have chitin hook while T. solium have.
W. bancrofti carry out their life cycle in two hosts. Human beings as the
definitive host and mosquitoes as their intermediate hosts. The adult parasites
reside in the lymphatics. They are viviparous. The first stage larvae are known
as microfilariae. The microfilaria are present in the circulation. The microfilaria
migrate between the deep and the peripheral circulation. During the day they
are present in the deep veins and during the night the migrate to the
peripheral circulation. Next, the worm is transferred into a vector; the most
common vectors are the mosquito species: Culex, Anopheles and Aedes.
Inside their second host, it matures into motile larvae. When its current host
feeds, and it is egested into the blood stream of its new human host. The
larvae moves to the lymph nodes, predominantly in the legs and genital area,
and develops into adult worm over the course of a year. By this time, an adult
female can produce microfilariae itself.