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WELDING INSPECTION - STEELS

CONTENTS PAGE

TERMINOLOGY 3

THE DUTIES OF A WELDING INSPECTOR 9

CODES AND STANDARDS 12

THE WELDING PROCEDURE 14

DESTRUCTIVE TESTING 20

SYMBOLS 27

MATERIALS 32

FOUR FACTORS FOR ESTABLISHING A WELD 37

WELDABILITY 38

RESIDUAL STRESS AND DISTORTION 44

HEAT TREATMENT 47

CALIBRATION 49

DEFECTS DETECTED BY SURFACE INSPECTION 50

INTERNAL DEFECTS 54

MACRO EXAMINATION 58

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING 61

REPAIR BY WELDING 66

CONSUMABLES 70

WELDING POSITIONS 75

WELDING PROCESSES

MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING 78

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TUNGSTEN INERT GAS WELDING 83

METAL INERT GAS WELDING 88

SUBMERGED ARC WELDING 94

AUTOMATIC METAL ARC WELDING 101

ELECTRON BEAM WELDING 103

ELECTRO-SLAG WELDING 105

TERMINOLOGY

Use of the correct terminology is important. CSWIP uses BS 499 standard. Frequently the terms
‘weld’ and ‘joint’ are used incorrectly. Exact definitions are given in BS 499 PT 1 1983 - ‘Welding
terminology’ and BS 499 Pt 2: 1980 ‘ Weld symbols’.
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TYPES OF WELD

Butt Weld

Fillet Weld

Edge Weld

small indentations
at each weld

Spot Weld
(Illustration depicts resistance weld.
Spot welds can be made with MIG
or TIG processes.)

The four basic welds can be used to join various types of joints.