DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

JNTUA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KALIKIRI -517234
2019-2020
 A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT
ON
“ IMPLEMENTAION OF WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK FOR
SMART IRRIGATION”
A SEMINAR REPORT SUBMITTED ON PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
BY

S.MOHAMMAD RAFI - 16KA1A0117

S.ALIYA AFRIN -16KA1A0118
M.NIKHIL -16KA1A0119
T.SANDHYA -16KA1A0120
S.SRINIVASULU -16KA1A10121
CONTENTS:
1.ABSTRACT
2.INTRODUCTION
3.IRRIGATION
3.1.SMART IRRIGATION
4.WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
5.IOT IN AGRICULTURE
5.1 WATER MANAGEMENT
5.2 CROP MONITORING
5.3 SOIL MONITORING
5.4 FARMERS DETECT CROP DISEASES
6.ARCHITECTURE OF WSN PLACED IN AGRICULTURAL FIELDS
7.BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WSN AGRICULTURE
8.SENSORE NODE REMOTE STATION
9.SMART IRRIGATION STUDY CASE
10.APPLICATIONS
11.CONCLUSION
12.REFERENCES
ABSTRACT:
Water is the basis of any form of life on Earth, the existence of
humans, animals and plants depends on it. Among the three,
plants are considered the major consumer of the world’s water
resources. The amount of water intended for irrigation
represents 70% of the total water. In order to reduce water
consumption without compromising the status of agriculture,
which is an economic mainstay for many countries of the world,
more emphasis must be laid on the development of an
irrigation strategy that takes advantage of recent technological
advances which call for the use of modern methods and means
in order to reduce water consumption. The aim of this paper is
to present a state of the art of smart irrigation strategy using
wireless sensor networks communication. This will enable to
envisage a smart irrigation system, based on the use of WSN
etc.
INTRODUCTION:
• It is widely known that water resources are decreasing all
over the world.
• On the other hand, rapid urbanization, population growth,
industries and agriculture expansion increase the demand
for fresh water.
• In most countries water is used for irrigating land more
than any other purpose and any decrease In water supply
can compromise Production and yield.
• The key is to implement water management strategies and
up-to-date technologies that improve water use efficiency
without decreasing yield.
• Introduction of more efficient technology is the need of
the hour for providing the better management of water
resources.
• Within this framework, wireless sensor network is a
promising technology for irrigation management using soil
conditions and actual weather.
IRRIGATION:
Irrigation can be defined as artificial implementation of
water in agriculture and is regarded a very significant
constituent of agrarian activity Irrigation comes in many
forms.
• Old technologies are rapidly being replaced by more
efficient means of transporting water and applying it to
the soil.
• Moreover, there are many different types of irrigation
systems, depending on how water is distributed
throughout the field like surface irrigation, sprinkler
irrigation, drip irrigation and sub-irrigation.
Smart irrigation using WSN
SMART IRRIGATION:
• A smart watering system is a system that gives water to
the plants where water is needed with the required
amounts at the correct location and the best time to
increase productivity and enhance the goodness of plants.
• When compared with the traditional watering systems
that work on the principle of timer-based irrigation where
it gives water to the plants randomly without any
feedback. In order to improve production efficiency and
goodness a smart irrigation system is used .
• It is difficult to develop a unified irrigation system suitable
for all situations.
• Every day there are new developments and technologies
in the field of irrigation strategies, wireless networks and
microelectronic, which accounts for the great variety of
scenarios and systems in section .
• This does not prevent the establishment of standards and
commonalities shared among most praised and used
irrigation systems:
- The system must be sensitive to climatic changes.
- The system must respond in real time to the
detection of an event, such as soil moisture changes,
temperature increase (to indicate that there is a fire
in the field for example), etc.
 - The system must be adaptable to any type of plants
and be effective during the different growing stages.
- The system must be reliable with any irrigation
strategy (sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, etc.)
- The communication interface between the network
and the end user must be as simple as possible and
does not require any training for use.
- The most important rule in the establishment of a
smart irrigation system lies in its architecture, so that
the irrigation system must include four components:
sensor nodes sink node, transmission network and
the terminal monitoring as is shown in figure below.
- Sensor nodes: The number of sensor nodes varies
according to the wide of the monitored area, and its
type depends on the climatic factors used to
determine the amount of irrigation water such as soil
moisture, temperature, wind speed, etc.
• It is important that the irrigation system includes at least
one kind of sensor such as soil moisture sensor.
• A variety of sensors can be used in the irrigation field.
• Each sensor has specific characteristics such as
measurement range, response time and price.
• The most advised sensors are presented in Sink node: a
powerful node, stores and process collected data, and acts
as a bridge between the WSN and the server.
• This is the aim of Zigbee communication protocol which
provides a best battery life of nodes and with low cost.
• Transmission network: The sink node transmits the
collected data to the terminal monitoring.
• The choice of the communication protocol depends on the
number of sensors, the price range, the available power
system and the wide of the study area.
• For example, Bluetooth is used for small networks of 7
nodes or less, to send small amount of data over short
distances.
• WIFI is much encouraged for a network of 32 nodes or
more for sending a large amount of data over long
distances; these nodes are more expensive than the nodes
of the other protocols with high power consumption.
• Wireless sensor network applications need the
transmission of small amount of data (environmental data)
over long distances and with the minimal possible power
consumption.
• Terminal monitoring : The user can verify the state of its
field by an online application through computer,
smartphone .
 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK :

• The main technology used here is Wireless Sensor

Networks (WSNs) which have gotten attention in recent
years.
• This technology enhances the conventional watering
system and allows irrigation system to be a highly efficient,
and low water usage.
• WSN is used for gathering, storing and sharing sensoring
data.
• Wireless networks are also known as wireless sensors and
actor-network. These sensors generally look at physical or
environmental conditions as temperature, pressure sound,
wet etc. and it co-operatively passes this info via a
network to the foremost location.
• WSN is constructed of few to many thousand nodes,
wherever every node is connected to devices every sensor
network node has usually many parts: a radio transceiver
with associated internal/external antenna, a
microcontroller, associated electronic circuit for
interfacing with sensors associated an energy supply like a
battery.
• The applications of these wireless sensors include area
monitoring, healthcare monitoring, environmental
sensing, earth sensing, air pollution monitoring, forest fire
sensing, lands liet detection, water quantity monitoring,
natural disaster prevention etc.
IOT IN AGRICULTURE:

Agriculture is the main backbone of India’s Economic growth.

The most important barrier that arises in traditional farming is
climatic change. The major effects of climatic change include
heavy rainfall, most intense storm and heat waves, less rainfall
etc.
• Due to these effects the productivity decreases.
• Climatic change can additionally raise the environmental
consequences such as seasonal changes in the life cycle of
plants. To boost the productivity and minimize the
barriers in the agriculture field, there is need to use
innovative technology and techniques called the Internet
of Things.

a. Water Management:
• The sensors within the farmland are capable of notifying
during a period concerning the wet level in lands and may
stop spoiling of water to unravel this downside sensible
irrigation systems high-powered by latest IOT technology
will facilitate conservation of water resources higher by
watching irrigation through remote sensing technologies.
• This capability is more aggravated if the period detector
information will trigger action within the motor by switch
it off or on.
 • The motor is mechanically switched on or off looking on
the necessity for irrigation and level of the water resource.

b. Crop Monitoring:
• Web of Things empowers the cultivation and crop
observation straightforward and skillful to upgrade the
efficiency of the product and henceforth benefits for the
rancher.
• Wireless sensing element system and sensors of assorted
types area unit utilized to collect information of yield
conditions and natural changes and these data area unit
utilized to collect information of yield conditions and
natural changes and these data area unit transmitted
through the system to the cultivator that starts remedial
activities.
• Ranchers area unit associated and aware of the states of
the agriculture field at whenever and anywhere on the
earth.

c. Soil Monitoring:
• Internet of things (IOT) for an agricultural atmosphere it
includes monitoring of various agricultural environment
factors such as soil humidity, temperature, and moisture
along with other factors can be of significance.
• A standard to compute these factors in a farming
atmosphere meant farmers physically taking
measurements and examine them at numerous times.
d. Farmers Detect Crop Diseases:
• Farmers are able to notice several diseases within the
season's crop through mobile phones, attributable to
sensible wireless sensors employed in the sector and
conjointly exploitation tiny drones to acknowledge the
sickness of plants by exploitation sensors & WSNs in a very
drone.
• Then data can send to ranchers mobiles concerning the
knowledge concerning the sickness of a plant.
• Agricultural specialists area unit able to gauge the crop's
condition to sickness supported soil and weather
(humidity, temperature, and rainfall) parameters.
• Anticipate plant stress, weed germination, persecutor
infestations and different factors, we’ll use less water to
flush salts from the profile.
ARCHITECTURE OF WSN PLACED In
AGRICULTURAL FIELDS:
• The Architecture consists of various WSN nodes placed in
the field area under irrigation and a base station located
nearer to the field which is at a particular defined distance
to record, monitor and analysis the data received from the
multiple WSN nodes.
• The base station is microcontroller in which the operations
have been performed.
• The Implementation of WSN nodes provides easy way to
measure the field information data and communicates
with each other through wireless communication during
the operations and results in more effective irrigation
system.
• The implementation of Unmanned Irrigation system
provides an easy way to monitor the crops and reduces
the wastage of water resources.
• This system is also capable of real time monitoring control
over the crops.
• The sensors connected to the microcontroller which
processes the data and performs a particular action in the
field.
• Due to the reduction in water resources, this will play
major role in the irrigation system.
Wireless sensor network for agriculture:
Basic block diagram of WSN agriculture:

• The block diagram consists of various Subsystems such as

Solar Energy harvesting PV cells , Boost converter, storage
devices for the storage of energy in future and Low power
Microcontroller is attached with Radio modules.
• The sensing unit is within the microcontroller circuit used
to detect the moisture content in the soil.
• Low power microcontroller processes the data and
performs the operation .
• The operations are the water filling and pesticide spraying.
Each nodes implemented in the observed zone has the
same subsystems mentioned in the block diagram.
Sensor Nodes Remote Station:

• Sensor Nodes Remote Station The Wireless Sensor Node in

the observed field with various subsystems.
• Sensor is used to detect the moisture content and soil
fertilities.
• The output of the sensor is in form of digital, it may be
either 0 or 5v. These values are processed through the
microcontroller.
• Whenever the corresponding sensor gives high output
then corresponding motor is turned on and water flows to
that field.
• The on stream camera that monitor all through the fields
• pesticide is detected; this energy efficient programming
algorithm saves as much as harvested Energy in the
storage device
• for the future gives one of the input to comparator.
• The output values are efficiently processed by
Microcontroller, The microcontroller is programmed
efficiently to analyse the sensed data and it sends the
value to the Base station through Xbee Radio Modules
integrated in the nodes.
• The Microcontroller remains in sleep mode when the soil
is wet and no pesticide is detected.
• It switches to active mode if soil is dry and use.
Smart Irrigation Study Case:
• The most basic issue for an agriculturer is “do I need to
irrigate today?” While this question could seem trivial, it
must be first understood that plant water needs vary
among species, seasons and microclimate, and an
incorrect decision can decrease water supplies .
• Various studies were carried out by researcher to achieve
water saving using wireless sensor network technology; for
instance, a low-cost framework of irrigation controls.
• The prototype is based on the use of sensors to access
temperature, humidity, ambient light, soil moisture and
collect the environmental parameters, a sink node and an
actuator node to switch ON/OFF the sprinkler.
Conclusion:
• Smart irrigation is an important technology in saving water
for the plant which requires more attention especially in
water scarcity places.
• As viewed from this work, the correct irrigation system,
when properly scheduled and maintained, holds great
potential in realizing sound water economy and lowering
water bills.
• Through this paper, the most advanced models have been
presented to provide guidelines about the implementation of
wireless sensor networks and recent technology in the
irrigation domain.
REFERNCES:
• Development Of Surface Irrigation System By Adamala .
• A Wireless Application Of Drip Irrigation Automation
Supported By Soil Moisture Sensors By Durson & ozden .
• Smart Irrigation Technique Using Vocal Commands
International Journal Of Engineering And Technology.