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STUDENT’S BOOKLET

Teen 1
Inglês • 7. o ano • Nível 3

n
7

BOOKLET
CONTENTS
ÍNDICE

GLOSSARY Pág.
BASIC GRAMMAR Pág.

Unit 1 Physical description..........................................3 Unit 1 Personal pronouns...........................................17


Names of countries.........................................4 Verb to be..........................................................17
Music....................................................................4 Indefinite article...............................................18
Numbers.............................................................5 Possessive determiners..................................18
Adjective..........................................................18

Unit 2 Daily Routine......................................................5


Food......................................................................6 Unit 2 Simple present: regular verbs......................19
Hobbies...............................................................6 Present continuous..........................................19
Sports..................................................................7 Interrogative pronouns...................................20
Interrogative adverbs....................................20
Interrogative determiners..............................20
Unit 3 School...............................................................7 Adverbs of frequency....................................20
Types of schools..............................................7
Subjects ........................................................8
Facilities/rooms..............................................8 Unit 3 Conditional sentences...................................20
School objects / materials..............................8 Modal verbs.....................................................21
Activities .....................................................9 Simple past: to be...........................................22
People.............................................................9 Simple past: regular verbs............................22

Unit 4 The family...........................................................9 Unit 4 Personal pronouns: object.............................24


The house.........................................................10 Adjectives: comparative...............................24
Simple past: irregular verbs.........................25
Possessive case..............................................25
Unit 5 The city..............................................................11
Shops / stores...................................................11
Means of transport.........................................12 Unit 5 Prepositions of time........................................26
Weather.............................................................12 Prepositions of place.......................................27
Prepositions of movement............................27
Adjectives: superlative...................................27
Unit 6 Holidays..............................................................13 Verbs: past continuous...................................28
Places/destinations..........................................13
Activities............................................................13
Description of places....................................13
Unit 6 Verbs: present perfect....................................28
Relative pronouns............................................29
Working places................................................14
Noun plurals.....................................................30
Jobs....................................................................14

Unit 7 Hallowe’en........................................................14
Unit 7 Imperative..........................................................31
Christmas and New Year...............................15 Future: going to...............................................31
Saint Valentine’s Day......................................16 Future: will.........................................................31
Independence Day..........................................16 Indefinite adjectives and pronouns............32
Indefinite adverbs and pronouns.................32

2
GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY
UNIT 1 Who is who?

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
DESCRIÇÃO DE PESSOAS

Body corpo Eyes olhos blue azuis


fat gordo/forte small pequenos
strongly-built bem constituído big grandes
slim/slender elegante brown castanhos
thin magro dark negros
hazel verdes

Height altura Mouth boca


large grande
tall alto small pequena
short / small baixo smiling sorridente
of medium height médio serious séria

Arms braços Nose nariz


long (conk) comprido (penca)
short curto
long compridos
turned-up arrebitado
short curtos
pointed pontiagudo
round redondo

Legs pernas Skin/Complexion


pele
long compridas
pale pálida
strong fortes
dark escura
thin magras
brown morena
short curtas
light clara

Face cara Hair cabelo


wavy ondulado
round redonda curly frisado, encaracolado
square quadrada short curto
rectangular rectangular long longo
light claro
dark escuro
black negro
blond/fair loiro
EXAMPLES brown castanho
He’s quite handsome. He’s of medium height, his skin is pale. He’s got blue eyes red ruivo
and straight fair hair. His nose is a bit pointed. He isn’t slim but he isn’t fat either.
pony tail rabo de cavalo
3
GLOSSARY

NAMES OF COUNTRIES
NOMES DE PAÍSES

United Kingdom Canada – Canadian Australia – Australian France – French


Reino Unido Canadá – canadiano/a Australia – australiano/a França – francês/esa

England – English Switzerland – Swiss


Inglaterra – inglês/esa Countries Suíça – suíço/a
países
Scotland – Scottish Countries Poland – Polish
Escócia – escocês/esa países Polónia – polaco/a

Wales – Welsh Spain – Spanish


País de Gales – galês/esa Espanha – espanhol/a

Germany – German India – Indian


Alemanha – alemão/alemã Índia – indiano/a

Austria – Austrian Portugal – Portuguese


Áustria – austríaco/a Portugal – português/esa

Northern Ireland – Irish


Irlanda do Norte – irlandês/esa
NOTICE
An Englishman – um inglês Republic of Ireland / Eire – Irish
An Englishwoman – uma inglesa República da Irlanda – irlandês/esa
A Scot / Scotsman – um escocês United States of America – American
An Irishman – um irlandês Estados Unidos da América – americano/a
A Welshman – um galês

MUSIC
MÚSICA
piano clarinet cello saxophone
classical piano clarinete violoncelo saxofone
pop
clássica Types pop
tipos Musical instruments
instrumentos musicais
choral jazz
guitar bass
coral jazz
guitarra baixo

metal alternative
violin recorder keyboard
metal alternativa
violino flauta de bisel keyboard/teclado
rock country
rock country
band People
banda pessoas vocalist
vocalista
singer
cantor/a orchestra
orquestra

groups players
grupos conductor
instrumentistas
maestro

EXAMPLES
Nowadays many teenagers play musical instruments. Boy and girl bands are becoming more and more popular. They play pop
music. They have their favourite bands and buy their CDs. This is commercial music. Others prefer listening to classical music;
most children learn how to play the piano, the recorder or the violin. They sometimes go to concerts and join in school choirs.
4
GLOSSARY

NUMBERS
NÚMEROS

1 one 5 five 9 nine 13 thirteen 17 seventeen 21 twenty- 50 fifty 90 ninety


2 two 6 six 10 ten 14 fourteen 18 eighteen -one 60 sixty 100 one / a
3 three 7 seven 11 eleven 15 fifteen 19 nineteen 30 thirty 70 seventy hundred

4 four 8 eight 12 twelve 16 sixteen 20 twenty 40 forty 80 eighty

UNIT 2 Life is tough!

DAILY ROUTINE
ROTINA DIÁRIA
have dinner / dine comb one’s hair wrist watch church clock
jantar pentear-se relógio de pulso relógio de igreja

Daily routine Clocks


sleep rotina diária have lunch relógios
dormir almoçar alarm clock digital clock
relógio digital
despertador
wake up get washed
acordar lavar-se

grandfather clock
get up have breakfast get dressed
relógio de caixa alta
levantar-se tomar o pequeno almoço vestir-se

Time
morning tempo afternoon
manhã tarde
sunset
pôr-do-sol
evening (5 pm-9 pm)
tardinha/noite
sunrise night
nascer do sol noite
EXAMPLES
It’s 3 o’clock = it’s 3 am/3 pm. It’s 3.15 – it’s a quarter past 3. I usually get up at 7.30
São três horas. São três e um quarto. when the alarm clock
rings. My classes begin at
It’s 10 o’clock = it’s 10 pm. It’s 6.20 – it’s twenty past six. 8.30 every day. I don’t
São dez horas. São seis e vinte. have any classes on
Saturday. We generally
It’s 12 o’clock. 8.50 – it’s ten to nine=it’s eight fifty. have lunch at 1.30, when I
São doze horas = é meio dia. São dez para as nove / oito e cinquenta. get home from school and
we have dinner at 8
It’s 3.30 – it’s half past 3. 12.00 am = midday/noon o’clock in the evening. At
São três e meia. meio-dia am = before midday weekends I always get up
around 10 and go to bed
It’s 10.45 – it’s ten forty five 12.00 pm = midnight later at night. Most shops
= it’s a quarter to eleven. meia-noite pm = post midday open at 9 am and close at
São dez e quarenta e cinco = 5.30 pm.
é um quarto para as onze.
5
GLOSSARY

FOOD
COMIDA

Food produtos

• milk leite • yoghurt iogurte • vegetables legumes


• bread pão • eggs ovos • chips batatas fritas
• butter manteiga • cheese queijo • soup sopa
• corn flakes flocos de aveia • ham fiambre • fruit juice sumo de fruta
• coffee café • meat carne • beer cerveja
• fruit fruta • fish peixe • wine vinho

Types tipos Meals refeições


traditional food comida tradicional breakfast pequeno almoço

fast food comida pronta a comer lunch almoço

vegetarian food comida vegetariana tea chá

exotic food comida exótica dinner jantar

take away comida para levar para casa supper ceia ou jantar
snack refeição ligeira
EXAMPLES
Nowadays most people take care about the food they eat. Teenagers love fast food but they also try not to put on too much
weight. They have light breakfasts and avoid greasy food like chips. Some prefer yoghurts and milk to meat or fish. In general
hamburgers and crisps are still popular among teenagers. Older people prefer traditional food, soup, meat or fish and a lot of
vegetables and fruit. Some British people are vegetarian.

Places
locais
cafeteria cafetaria restaurant restaurante
sweet shop confeitaria, pastelaria café café
pub bar coffee shop casa de chá

HOBBIES/SPORTS
PASSATEMPOS FAVORITOS/DESPORTOS

spare time listening to music computer games watching TV


tempos livres ouvir música jogos de computador ver TV

weekends Hobbies cinema


passatempos favoritos
fins-de-semana cinema
holidays painting
férias pintura
leisure dancing
lazer dança
pastimes drama
passatempos teatro
games knitting
jogos fazer malha
reading writing letters surfing the net playing cards cooking
6 leitura escrever cartas navegar na net jogar às cartas cozinhar
GLOSSARY

bike riding athletics surfing karate horse riding


andar de atletismo surf karaté equitação EXAMPLES
bicicleta/ciclismo
Sports football/soccer Most teenagers spend their spare time doing
hockey
desportos futebol some hobbies or practising sports.
hóquei
The most popular hobbies nowadays are
swimming computer games or surfing the net. Those
natação who are not so keen on technology watch TV
tennis or listen to music. At school they play foot-
ténis ball, basketball or volleyball. At the weekend
they go jogging, mountaineering, swimming
skiing jogging gymnastics basketball mountaineering or bike riding.
ski jogging ginástica basquetebol montanhismo

UNIT 3 School

SCHOOL
ESCOLA

break class exam term school bus EXAMPLES


intervalo turma exame período autocarro escolar My school report was excellent this
term.
timetable school report We will use the school bus for the
horário
School boletim escolar
escola study trip.
I hope I don’t fail this year. My
study / field trip essay marks were not very good.
visita de estudo trabalho escrito

fail homework
reprovar trabalho de casa

test mark pass bell lessons


teste nota passar campainha lições / aulas

kindergarten / nursery school private school state school special school


jardim infantil escola privada escola pública escola de educação especial

primary / elementary school (US) Types of schools boarding school


escola primária / 1º. ciclo tipos de escolas colégio interno

preparatory school
escola preparatória
EXAMPLES
secondary school / high school (US) Mark goes to a boarding school. He
escola secundária only comes home at the weekend.
When I finish secondary school, I
middle school / junior high school university / college want to go to university.
escola do 2º e 3º. ciclo ensino superior
7
GLOSSARY

German Portuguese
Religious Education Alemão Português
Biology
Religião e Moral
Biologia
French
History Subjects Francês
disciplinas
História
Physical Education (P.E.)
Maths Educação Física
Matemática
Art
Music Arte / Educação Visual
Música term
Craftswork período
Geography Trabalhos Manuais bar
bar playground
Geografia Chemistry
gym recreio
Química
ginásio
English
library school office
Inglês
biblioteca secretaria
swimming pool
piscina toilets
Facilities / rooms casas de banho
teacher’s staff room instalações / salas / divisões
sala de professores football field
campo de futebol
students’ common room
sala dos alunos classroom
sala de aula
headteacher’s study
sala do director / Presidente reception
laboratory recepção
laboratório
video room
sala de vídeo
EXAMPLES Arts room
sala de Educação Visual
Our Arts room is really great. I also love the gym.
Our students’ common room isn’t big.
When we don’t have classes, we like to go to the video room and the library.

school uniform chalk pencil notebook


uniforme escolar giz lápis caderno de apontamentos

microscope
microscópio School objects / material watercolours
material escolar aguarelas
dictionary EXAMPLES
dicionário I didn’t play football today because
computer I forgot my training shoes.
desk computador Today my satchel is very heavy. I’m
carteira carrying three notebooks and two
dictionaries.
In my opinion, school uniforms
overhead projector pen training shoes / trainers (inf.) are not a good idea.
retroprojector caneta sapatilhas
8
GLOSSARY

dance club English club journal sports club


clube de dança clube de Inglês jornal clube de desporto classmate
colega de turma
drama club music club
clube de teatro
Activities
actividades clube de música student
competition estudante
exhibition
competição, prova exposição partner
pottery club companheiro de carteira
clube de olaria
teacher
People
multimedia club professor
pessoas
clube de multimédia environment club quiz
clube do ambiente concurso pupil
aluno

school secretary
funcionário de secretaria
EXAMPLES
classmate
This year all my classmates are great, especially my partner. colega de turma form teacher
We are making a journal for the English club.
director de turma
Rui is our form leader. Everybody likes him. school pal
colega form leader
delegado de turma

UNIT 4 Home sweet home!

THE FAMILY
A FAMÍLIA

grandfather grandmother
avô avó
godmother
The family godfather
father mother in-laws madrinha
a família padrinho
pai mãe parentes por afinidade
nephew
son daughter aunt Relatives sobrinho
filho filha parentes
tia
niece
uncle sobrinha
brother children sister
tio
irmão filhos irmã cousin
sister-in-law primo
cunhada
brother-in-law father-in-law mother-in-law
cunhado sogro sogra
EXAMPLES
My family is quite big. There are six of us at home. My father is 42, my mother is 40. There are three children, two sons and a
daughter. My grandmother is also living with us. My grandfather died last year.
Uncle Tom and aunt Nina live in the neighbourhood with my cousins, Jim and Laura.

birth nascimento birthday dia de anos divorce divórcio


baptism / christening baptismo wedding casamento death morte 9
GLOSSARY

THE HOUSE
A CASA

terraced house semi-detached house block of flats floor


casa térrea casa geminada bloco de apartamentos/prédio chão (dentro de casa)
detached house council house wall
Types of houses
moradia casa da câmara parede
tipos de casas
manor house Parts of the houses chimney
casa senhorial partes da casa
chaminé
cottage ceiling
casa de campo
tecto
bungalow door
moradia num só piso porta garden
gate window roof jardim
portão janela telhado

bedroom drawing room bathroom


quarto de cama sala de visitas casa de banho
children’s room
quarto das crianças
kitchen Rooms
divisões cellar
cozinha chest of drawers
cave
armchair cómoda

study pantry sink maple cupboard


escritório dispensa banca armário

dining room living room Furniture


table
sala de jantar sala comum mobília
mesa
bed
cama
sofa
oven chair sofá
forno cadeira
freezer bookcase bedside table closet / fitted wardrobe
vacuum cleaner / hoover
arca congeladora estante mesa de cabeceira guarda-fatos
aspirador

fridge
Electrical appliances frigorífico
electrodomésticos
washing machine
máquina de lavar roupa

dishwasher ornament clock mirror shelf


máquina de lavar loiça bibelot relógio espelho prateleira

TV set picture
hi-fi system aparelho de televisão quadro Decoration vase
aparelhagem de som decoração vaso
cooker / stove
curtain
fogão
cortina
EXAMPLES carpet
tapete
I love my house. It’s my sanctuary, where I feel at home. It’s cosy and
warm. It’s a detached house with a small garden, near the woods. It
has got six rooms. The kitchen is quite large and we have our meals lamp fireplace coffee table
there. We’ve got all modern appliances and the furniture is simple. candeeiro fogão de sala mesinha de café
10
GLOSSARY

UNIT 5 Places around you

THE CITY
A CIDADE

building corner market hostel hotel bus stop


edifício esquina mercado estalagem hotel paragem de autocarro
hospital block of flats
hospital bloco de apartamentos
The city
theatre a cidade youth hostel
teatro albergue de juventude
cinema shopping mall
cinema centro comercial
avenue restaurant
avenida restaurante
square post office
praça correios
street(s) police station
rua(s) esquadra
park garden church bridge museum skyscraper
parque jardim igreja ponte museu arranha-céus

EXAMPLES
When we visited London last month we stayed in a youth hostel.
I must go the post office to receive a package.
My sister lives in a block of flats, next to the park. There is a bus stop right in front of her building.

menswear shop drugstore grocer’s stationery women’s clothes


loja de modas (homem) drogaria mercearia papelaria loja de modas (senhoras)

greengrocer’s newsagent’s
pomar Shop / stores tabacaria
lojas / armazéns
chemist’s butcher’s
farmácia talho

hypermarket fishmonger’s
hipermercado peixaria

supermarket bookshop
supermercado livraria

music shop sweetshop baker’s ironmonger’s / hardware store (US)


artigos musicais pastelaria padaria loja de utensílios domésticos / ferragens

EXAMPLES
My mother likes to shop in big shopping malls such as Harrods because she can find everything she needs there.
Paul avoids going to hypermarkets. He prefers to shop in his neighbourhood shops, such as the grocer’s and the butcher’s.
Where’s the chemist’s? I need to buy a pill for my headache.
11
GLOSSARY

motorbike ship van train


motocicleta barco carrinha comboio

Means of transport
car taxi
meios de transporte
carro táxi EXAMPLES

A car is faster and probably safer but I prefer


plane bus the bicycle. When I need to travel longer
avião autocarro distances I use the train.
The undeground is the fastest way to move
around in the city. The bus is also efficient,
bicycle lorry underground
but not as fast.
bicicleta camião metropolitano

Directions direcções
go straight on walk down the street take the second turning on the left/right
seguir em frente descer a rua virar na segunda rua à esquerda/direita

turn left go through the park


virar à esquerda ir através do parque EXAMPLES

turn right cross the bridge To get to the museum you need to turn left, walk
virar à direita atravessar a ponte along the street and go through the park. Then,
cross the bridge and take the second turning on
walk up the street go along the street the right. The museum is opposite the hospital.
subir a rua seguir ao longo da rua

WEATHER
TEMPO ATMOSFÉRICO

• forecast previsão • winter Inverno


• fog nevoeiro • summer Verão
• sleet granizo • autumn Outono
• shower aguaceiro • spring Primavera
• thunder trovão • heat calor
• wind vento • climate clima
• lightning relâmpago • hurricane ciclone
• storm tempestade • north norte
• sun sol • south sul
• cloud nuvem • east este
• rain chuva • west oeste

Adjectives adjectivos

• rainy chuvoso • light leve, fraco, desanuveado • damp húmido • warm quente
• cloudy nublado • snowy nevado • wet molhado • northern de norte
• stormy tempestuoso • windy ventoso • fine bom • southern de sul
• sunny solarengo • cool fresco • dry seco • eastern de leste
• heavy forte • cold frio • hot muito quente • western de oeste

EXAMPLES
The forecast says there will be thunder and lightning tomorrow morning, but it will be fine in the afternoon.
What’s the weather like in your region?
It’s usually sunny and warm this time of the year, but in winter it is always cloudy and very cold.
12
GLOSSARY

UNIT 6 To work or not to work

HOLIDAYS
FÉRIAS

beach desert island coast mountains


praia deserto ilha costa montanhas

monuments open spaces


monumentos
Places / destinations
lugares / destinos espaços ao ar livre
ruins
river(side)
ruínas
(beira-)rio
lake
lago

city explore wild regions


cidade country(side) sea(side)
explorar regiões selvagens
campo (beira-)mar
indoor spaces
have fun go on a safari
espaços fechados
divertir-se fazer um safari
fly
enjoy peace and quiet voar practise sports
desfrutar de paz e sossego praticar desporto
Activities
go to a disco / the casino actividades get a suntan
bronzear-se
ir a uma discoteca / casino
take photos
go sightseeing
tirar fotografias
visitar (locais famosos ou interessantes)
sit in a café
relax / rest
sentar-se num café
descontrair-se / descansar
sail admire landscapes camp
velejar admirar paisagens acampar
EXAMPLES
I’ve decided to spend these summer holidays at the seaside.
Mark likes to explore wild regions but his wife prefers to go sightseeing.
You will risk your health if you spend too much time lying in the sun to get a suntan.
I don’t like anything too dangerous or exciting during my holidays. All I want is to enjoy peace and quiet.

DESCRIPTION OF PLACES
DESCRIÇÃO DE LUGARES

Positive positivo Negative negativo


awful horrível
beautiful belo
dirty sujo
peaceful sossegado
noisy barulhento
pleasant agradável
dull monótono
entertaining divertido
dangerous perigoso
green verdejante
uninteresting desinteressante
relaxing repousante
unpleasant desagradável
clean limpo
polluted poluído
exciting excitante
boring aborrecido 13
GLOSSARY

WORK
TRABALHO
company factory
companhia, firma fábrica

Working places
bank locais de trabalho shop
banco loja

stage court
palco tribunal

office surgery studio


escritório consultório estúdio

Jobs profissões / ocupações

• actor actor
• actress actriz
• astronaut astronauta • journalist jornalista • driver motorista
• pilot piloto • lawyer advogado • electrician electricista
• boss patrão • manager gerente • executive executivo
• cameraman operador de câmara • model modelo • fisherman pescador
• pianist pianista • musician músico • fireman bombeiro
• policeman polícia • painter pintor • gardener jardineiro
• psychiatrist psiquiatra • writer escritor • dancer dançarino
• reporter repórter • photographer fotógrafo • cook cozinheiro
• secretary secretária • dentist dentista • coach treinador
• singer cantor • detective detective • dustman homem do lixo, varredor
• shop-assistant empregado(a) • plumber canalizador • shopkeeper comerciante, lojista
• inventor inventor • doctor / physician médico • mechanic mecânico

UNIT 7 Let’s celebrate!

HALLOWE’EN – 31st October


DIA DAS BRUXAS – 31 de Outubro

broom candle sweet costume ghost lantern witch goblin


vassoura vela doce fato fantasma lanterna bruxa duende maléfico

mummy pumpkin
múmia Hallowe’en abóbora
dia das bruxas
trick wizard
partida feiticeiro

beach All Hallows


praia Todos-os-Santos

mask nightmare
máscara pesadelo
14
GLOSSARY

EXAMPLES
Verbs verbos Adjectives adjectivos
On Hallowe’en, kids wear
costumes, knock on doors • to frighten / scare assustar • funny engraçado
and say ‘Trick or treat’. • to knock on the door bater à porta • amusing divertido
People carve pumpkins • to play a trick (on) pregar uma partida (a) • frightening / scary / spooky assustador
and put candles inside to • to scream / shout / yell gritar • strange estranho
make them look scary. • to wear vestir • traditional tradicional
• to carve esculpir • cross zangado

CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR


25th December and 1st January DIA DE NATAL E DE ANO NOVO – 25 de Dezembro e 1 de Janeiro

Dates datas
Boxing Day 26 de Dezembro
Christmas Eve Véspera de Natal
New Year’s Eve Véspera de Ano Novo
New Year’s Day Dia de Ano Novo

sleigh presents
Father Christmas
trenó presentes
Pai Natal
stocking Saint Nicholas
meia, peúga S. Nicolau

Santa Claus / Father Christmas


coal Pai Natal fireplace
carvão lareira

North Pole toys


Pólo Norte brinquedos

reindeer chimney
sack / bag
rena chaminé
saco
EXAMPLES

Boxing Day is a holiday on the first


weekday after Christmas.
Some children believe Santa Claus
comes down the chimney on
Christmas Eve and leaves a present in
the stocking they put on the fireplace.

Customs and traditions costumes e tradições

• Christmas cards cartões de Natal • Christmas tree árvore de Natal • mistletoe visco
• Christmas decorations decorações de Natal • (boughs) of holly (ramos de) azevinho • tinsel ouropel
• Christmas carols canções de Natal • midnight mass missa da meia-noite • snow neve
• Christmas greetings saudações de Natal • New Year’s resolutions resoluções de Ano Novo • crib presépio 15
GLOSSARY

toast Food mince pie


comida
brinde pastel com recheio de frutas

Christmas pudding Christmas cake EXAMPLES


pudim de Natal bolo de Natal
The Christmas tree looks beautiful with
raisins (roast) turkey tinsel and snow.
uvas passas peru (assado) Mince pie and Christmas pudding are
my favourite food at Christmas.
On New Year’s Eve people drink a toast
and make New Year’s resolutions.

SAINT VALENTINE’S DAY


14th February DIA DE S. VALENTIM – 14 de Fevereiro

darling / sweetheart date surprise heart


querido/a, adorado/a encontro surpresa coração

kiss patron saint


Nouns
beijo santo padroeiro
nomes

gift soul
presente alma

postbox / letter box boyfriend girlfriend Valentine


marco / caixa do correio namorado namorada postal de S. Valentim
o/a eleito/a

Verbs verbos

• to cry chorar • to miss sentir falta (de) • to sign assinar


• to fall in love apaixonar-se • to need precisar • to smile sorrir
• to love amar, gostar muito • to send enviar
• to lie mentir • to share partilhar

INDEPENDENCE DAY
4th of July DIA DA INDEPENDÊNCIA – 4 de Julho

picnic fireworks
piquenique fogo-de-artifício

parade flag
Countries bandeira
parada países

band colony
banda colónia

barbecue declaration
churrasco declaração
16
BASIC GRAMMAR

BASIC GRAMMAR
UNIT 1 Who is who?

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
PRONOMES PESSOAIS

Subject

Singular Plural EXAMPLES


I we I am Portuguese.
you you Do you play the piano?
he they He is English.
She can play the guitar.
she We don’t speak English.
it They love ice cream.

VERB TO BE – SIMPLE PRESENT


VERBO TO BE – PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO

Simple Present (To Be)

Affirmative Negative Interrogative


I am I’m I am I ‘m Am I
You are you’re You are You ‘re Are you

He he’s He He he
She is she’s She is She ‘s Is she
= not = not ?
It it’s It It it

We we’re We We we
You are you’re You are You ‘re Are you
They they’re They They they

As respostas curtas são:


EXAMPLES
Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
I’m English.
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. Yes, they are. No, they’re not = they aren’t. He’s Spanish.
We’re students.
Usa-se o verbo to be, em certas condições, quando falamos de: He isn’t tired.
They aren’t Portuguese.
naturalidade – I’m from Porto. distância – It’s 50 km from here. Are you French?
Is he hungry?
idade – I’m thirteen. preço – It’s $2.
Are they ill?
altura – I’m 1 metre 50. horas – It’s 4.30.
peso – I’m 50 kilos. datas – It’s 4th July today.
tamanho – This room is 20 square metres. fome, sede, cansaço – I’m hungry. I’m thirsty. I’m tired. 17
T7B-2
BASIC GRAMMAR

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE


O ARTIGO INDEFINIDO

a utiliza-se antes de palavras que começam por an utiliza-se antes de palavras que começam por
consoante. vogal.
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES

We’ve got a big car. Take an umbrella. It’s going to rain.


Take a seat! Give me an example, please.
A sandwich, please. I’d like an ice cream, please.

• antes de palavras começadas por y, u (som j) e w não se deve utilizar “an”.


He’s got a yellow pullover.
Is there a university here?
England is a European country.
She’s a wonderful teacher.
NOTA
• antes de h (h mudo) utiliza-se “an”. Não se utiliza “a” ou “an” no plural.
The plane arrives in an hour. Boys and girls go to the school bar regularly.
He’s an honest man. He buys books every month.

POSSESSIVE DETERMINERS
DETERMINANTES POSSESSIVOS

Possessive determiners
Singular Plural EXAMPLES
my our What’s your address?
your your My mother is a teacher.
his His uncle works for ‘Virgin’.
Our house is quite big.
her their Have you got your tickets?
its They lost their books.

ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVO

• O adjectivo é invariável em inglês. É igual no mascu- • O adjectivo vem sempre antes do substantivo (pessoa,
lino, feminino e plural. lugar ou coisa).

EXAMPLES EXAMPLES

a blue dress three blue dresses a fat woman an expensive house


a beautiful house two beautiful houses a young man a modern car
it’s very heavy they are very heavy a beautiful story a heavy satchel

NOTA NOTA
Pode-se usar mais de um adjectivo antes do substantivo sem O adjectivo vem sempre depois do verbo to be.
and entre eles. She’s slim and smart.
It’s a new English dictionary. He is late.
She’s a nice young woman. They are angry.
18
BASIC GRAMMAR

UNIT 2 Life is tought!

SIMPLE PRESENT: REGULAR VERBS


VERBOS REGULARES: PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO

Affirmative Negative Interrogative


I I I I
work do don’t Do
You You You you

He He He he

She works She does not She doesn’t Does she


= work work?
It It work It it

We We We we

You work You do You don’t Do you

They They They they

NOTA
Com o presente do indicativo usam-se advérbios de tempo como:
always • often • usually • sometimes • rarely • generally • normally • seldom • frequently • never • regularly • etc.

EXAMPLES

Affirmative Negative Interrogative


We go to school every day. We don’t go to school by bus. Does she usually wear bikinis?
She loves ice-creams. She doesn’t speak English. Do they listen to music?
I live in Oporto. I don’t like bananas. Do you like football?
He often drives to work.
He lives in Baker Street. NOTA
Verbos terminados em: consonant + -y – acrescenta-se -ies cry – cries
-sh, -s, -ch, -x – acrescenta-se -es wash – washes
-o – acrescenta-se -es go – goes

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
VERBOS REGULARES: PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO

Affirmative Negative Interrogative


I am I am not Am I

You are You are not (aren’t) Are you

He He he

She is She is not (isn’t) Is she


sleeping. sleeping. sleeping?
It It it

We We we

You are You are not (aren’t) Are you

They They they


19
BASIC GRAMMAR

O present continuous usa-se para indicar acções que estão a decor- EXAMPLES
rer no momento em que se está a falar. Também serve para indicar While Lisa is studying, Joe is listening to music.
um hábito que nos incomoda ou é negativo. O present continuous é She’s always teasing me.
usado ainda quando nos referimos a uma acção futura já planeada. Mum is talking on the phone to her friend
As respostas curtas são: Maureen.
Who’s knocking on the door?
Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Are you leaving now?
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. She’s travelling to Paris next week.
I’m staying at home tonight.
Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.

QUESTION WORDS
PERGUNTAS

Interrogative Pronouns Interrogative Adverbs Interrogative Determiners


Pronomes interrogativos Advérbios interrogativos Determinantes interrogativos

Who… ? Where… ? What... ?


What… ? When… ? Which (of them)... ?
Which… ? Why… ? How many… ?
How… ?
Usam-se com interrogativas directas, para formular perguntas.

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
ADVÉRBIOS DE FREQUÊNCIA

usually regularly sometimes seldom never


often always every day rarely occasionally

Usam-se para indicar uma acção frequente, um hábito.

UNIT 3 School

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
FRASES CONDICIONAIS

São constituídas por duas orações – a oração condicional (if-clause) e a oração principal (main-clause) – traduzindo,
como o próprio nome indica, condições, isto é, situações que podem acontecer, levando a determinados resultados.
Quando a if-clause surge no simple present, podem ocorrer duas situações na main clause:

1. If + Simple Present --------------------- Simple Present (TYPE 0)

20 Este tipo de frase traduz hábitos, situações repetidas com frequência, factos tidos como verdadeiros.
BASIC GRAMMAR

NOTA
Nas orações condicionais TIPO 0, a conjunção if tem o significado de when(ever) (quando, sempre que).

EXAMPLES

If (= When) I don’t have anyone to go out with, I stay at home. I spend the summer holidays at home.
If (= When) it’s cold, I don’t go out so often.
If (= When) it rains a lot, it is very dangerous to drive fast.

If + Simple Present ------------------ will + infinitive


2. (TYPE 1)
will not (won’t) + infinitive

Usamos frases deste tipo para exprimir forte possibilidade / probabilidade.

EXAMPLES

If you don’t behave, you won’t (will not) have bacon and eggs for breakfast tomorrow.
If I have the courage, I’ll ask Doris to marry me.
Melissa will miss the beginning of the class if she doesn’t hurry.
If you come with me, you won’t (will not) be late for class.

MODAL VERBS
VERBOS MODAIS

Affirmative Negative Interrogative


can can can’t / cannot Can
could could couldn’t Could
may may — May
might might mightn’t Might
I will I will not = I won’t Will I ?
would would wouldn’t Would
shall shall shan’t Shall
should should shouldn’t Should
must must mustn’t Must

NOTA Usam-se para indicar, por exemplo:


Os verbos modais:
capacidade ability: can, could
• são sempre seguidos do infinitivo de outro verbo;
• nunca levam -s na 3.a pessoa do singular; permissão permission: can, may
• não se formam com auxiliar na negativa e interrogativa. dever duty: should
probabilidade probability: can, might
pedido request: can, could, would
EXAMPLES possibilidade possibility: can
She can play the guitar. He cannot swim. necessidade necessity: must (have to)
Would you do me a favour? May I open the window, sir?
It might rain today. Could you bring me that chair?
obrigação obligation: must (have to)
We must go now. You should go to the dentist. proibição prohibition: mustn’t
They shouldn’t speak so loud.
oferta offer: can, would, shall
21
BASIC GRAMMAR

VERB TO BE – SIMPLE PAST


Simple Past (To Be)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I was I was I wasn’t Was I
You were You were You weren’t Were you
He He He he
She was She was She wasn’t Was she
not = ?
It It It it
We We We we
You were You were You weren’t Were you
They They They they

Singular Plural
Yes, I was. Yes, we / you / they were.
No, I was not (wasn’t). No, we / you / they were not (weren’t).
short answers Yes, you were.
respostas curtas No, you were not (weren’t).
Yes, he/she/it was.
No, he/she/it was not (wasn’t).

• O verbo to be não precisa de verbo auxiliar


para formar a negativa e a interrogativa. EXAMPLES

• Ao contrário do que acontece com os Who was at the party yesterday?


outros verbos, no simple past o verbo to Oh, there were many people there.
Were there any friends from school?
be apresenta duas formas diferentes: was
No, there weren’t any. But, Jane was there with her sister. They were very nice.
e were.

SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS


Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I I I I
visited did didn’t Did
You You You you
He He He he
She visited She did not She didn’t Did she
= visit visit?
It It visit It it
We We We we
You visited You did You didn’t Did you
They They They they

Singular Plural
Yes, I / you did. Yes, we / you / they did.
short answers No, I / you did not (didn’t). No, we / you / they did not (didn’t).
respostas curtas Yes, he / she / it did.
No, he / she / it did not (didn’t).
22
BASIC GRAMMAR

• Para formarmos o simple past de verbos regulares, acrescentamos -(e)d à forma infinitiva.
NOTAS
a) Aos verbos terminados em -e acrescentamos só -d:

to dance danced
to live lived
to prepare prepared

b) Os verbos terminados em consoante + -y mudam o -y final para -ie antes de -d:

to copy copied
to enjoy enjoyed
to study studied
Compara: to play played
to worry worried

c) Os verbos de uma sílaba terminados em consoante + vogal + consoante dobram a consoante final antes de -ed:

to grab grabbed
to plan planned to join joined
Compara: to explain explained
to stop stopped

d) Os verbos com mais de uma sílaba só dobram a consoante final antes de -ed se a sílaba tónica for a última:

to permit permitted
to listen listened
to refer referred
Compara: to remember remembered
to regret regretted

e) Todos os verbos terminados em -el dobram, no inglês britânico, o -l final antes de -ed:

to cancel cancelled
to rebel rebelled
to travel travelled

• A interrogativa faz-se com did + sujeito + infinitivo.


• A negativa faz-se com did + not + infinitivo.
• Usa-se o simple past para descrever acções iniciadas e acabadas num tempo passado, definido pelo contexto ou
por algumas expressões de texto:

– yesterday
– last (summer / year / Christmas / month / week(end) / Sunday / night)
– (two hours / five days / three weeks / six months / a year) ago

• O simple past dos verbos regulares é igual em todas as pessoas.

EXAMPLES

Today I didn’t travel to school by bus. My mother decided to drive me.


Did you talk to your teacher about the test?
Yes, we did. She agreed with us.
23
BASIC GRAMMAR

UNIT 4 Home sweet home!

PERSONAL PRONOUNS: OBJECT


PRONOMES PESSOAIS: COMPLEMENTO

Object

Singular Plural
me us
you you
him EXAMPLES

her them She called me a liar. If you like them, take them.
He came with her to the party. Speak to him.
it
Can you help us? I’m speaking to you.

Estes pronomes são geralmente utilizados na função de complemento directo, indirecto ou a seguir a uma preposição.

ADJECTIVES: COMPARATIVE
ADJECTIVOS: COMPARATIVO

Usa-se para comparar duas pessoas ou coisas.


Acrescenta-se -er ao adjectivo quando ele tem uma sílaba ou duas, terminando em -er, -le ou -y.

EXAMPLES

The Smiths are richer than the Jones. English is easier than German.
Mary is smarter than her brother. Her hair is darker than yours.

Se o adjectivo é longo, com duas, três ou mais sílabas, acrescenta-se more.


EXAMPLES

This programme is even more boring than the other. The film is more interesting than the book.
Maths is more difficult than Portuguese. The countryside is more beautiful than the city.

Bad e good formam comparativos irregulares.


EXAMPLES

The book is better than the film. I’m worse at sports than at languages.
That restaurant is good but the other is much better.

Para comparar também se pode usar as... as, not as... as or not so... as.
EXAMPLES

She’s as nice as her sister. April is not as warm as June. Simon is not so tall as Vera.
24
BASIC GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST: IRREGULAR VERBS

Affirmative Negative Interrogative


I I I I
went did didn’t Did
You You You you
He He He he
She went She did not She didn’t Did she
= go go?
It It go It it
We We We we
You went You did You didn’t Did you
They They They they

Singular Plural
Yes, I / you did. Yes, we / you / they did.
short answers No, I / you did not (didn’t). No, we / you / they did not (didn’t).
respostas curtas Yes, he / she / it did.
No, he / she / it did not (didn’t).

• Ao contrário dos verbos regulares, para formarmos a afirmativa do simple past dos verbos irregulares não pode-
mos usar uma regra. Assim, é necessário saber antecipadamente qual a forma irregular. Para aprender as formas
certas, é melhor consultar a lista de verbos no final do manual.
• A interrogativa e negativa do simple past dos verbos regulares e irregulares formam-se da mesma maneira.
• Tal como nos verbos regulares, o simple past dos verbos irregulares é igual em todas as pessoas.
EXAMPLES

I didn’t bring the new book to class.


Did you bring your new satchel?
No, I didn’t, but I brought the magazine you wanted to read.

POSSESSIVE CASE
CASO POSSESSIVO

Usa-se para indicar posse quando o possuidor é uma pessoa.


Coloca-se um ’s (apóstrofo + s) após o nome do possuidor.

EXAMPLES

Tim’s bicycle is new. Her mother’s dog disappeared.


My friend’s house is small. The president’s visit to Britain was successful.
João’s telephone number is 270 45 28. The student’s books are there.

• Se o nome está no plural e termina em -s, só se acrescenta um ’ (apóstrofo).


EXAMPLES

The boys’ surname is Jones. The babies’ bottles are in the cupboard.
The teachers’ room is over there. The girls’ friends will come at 6.
25
BASIC GRAMMAR

• Se o nome está no plural mas não termina em -s acrescenta-se o ’s.


EXAMPLES

That’s the children’s room. Women’s clothes department.

• Se o nome acaba em -s e está no singular acrescenta-se ’s.


EXAMPLES

St. James’s park is beautiful in the summer. Charles’s sister is coming today.
Note: Jesus’ life

NOTA
Para indicar posse também se usa of (coisas). That’s the end of the story. The walls of this room need to be painted.

UNIT 5 Places around you

PREPOSITIONS (time)
PREPOSIÇÕES (tempo)

EXAMPLES
at usa-se com:
• horas I must hurry. My lessons start at 9 a.m. / 9 o’clock.
I don’t have to go to school at Christmas or at Easter.
• celebrações anuais I always wake up late at weekends.
I never go out at night. It’s very dangerous.
• weekends / the weekend
• night

EXAMPLES
on usa-se com:
• dias (da semana) We don’t have classes on Sunday.
Is your birthday on October 15th or October 16th?
• datas My English test is on Tuesday morning.
They got married on the first day of August.

in usa-se com:
• partes do dia
(excepções: at night / on Monday morning) EXAMPLES

• meses I don’t have Geography lessons in the afternoon.


We don’t go to school in August.
• anos What about you? Do you have classes in summer?
• estações I’m going to be a university student in 2007.
Don’t be so old-fashioned! Were you born in the 18th century?
• séculos
EXAMPLES
before e after usam-se para indicar a ordem das
acções (“antes” e “depois”). I always get up before 8 o’clock.
Don’t you feel hungry after a match?

EXAMPLES
during usa-se para indicar a duração (período de
tempo) de uma acção. I like making new friends during the holidays.
During the break we talk to each other.
26
BASIC GRAMMAR

PREPOSITIONS (place)
PREPOSIÇÕES (lugar)
Usam-se para falar da posição ou lugar de uma pessoa ou objecto.
• Seguem verbos como: be, stand, lie, sit, etc.
above behind in on over
at below in front of on top of under
away from beside near opposite
EXAMPLES

The fireplace is in front of the table. There is a basket beside the desk.
The bookcase is on the wall. The photo is hanging above the fireplace.
The dog is in the garden. The baby is under the chair.

PREPOSITIONS (movement)
PREPOSIÇÕES (movimento)
Usam-se para indicar movimento, deslocação de uma pessoa ou objecto.
across through up down out of
past along into round / around
to from from… to towards
EXAMPLES

To get to the library you must go across the bridge. John walked past me this morning but didn’t see me.
Paul ran out of the door and into the street. She climbed to the top of the mountain alone.

ADJECTIVES: SUPERLATIVE
ADJECTIVOS: SUPERLATIVO
Usam-se para comparar três ou mais pessoas ou coisas.
Se o adjectivo tem uma sílaba ou se termina em -er, -e ou -y acrescenta-se -est ao adjectivo.
EXAMPLES

John is the youngest of the three. Lisbon is the biggest city of Portugal.
Estrela is the highest mountain in Portugal.

Se o adjectivo é longo (tem duas sílabas ou mais), usa-se (the) most.


EXAMPLES

Camões is the most famous Portuguese poet. That is the most interesting chapter of the book.
His films are the most exciting I know of.

Good e bad têm superlativos irregulares.


EXAMPLES

He’s the best player in the world. She is the worst actress I know.

NOTA
Em alguns casos, as terminações dos adjectivos sofrem alterações:
big – biggest nice – nicest easy – easiest
hot – hottest strange – strangest happy – happiest 27
BASIC GRAMMAR

VERBS: PAST CONTINUOUS


Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I was I was I wasn’t Was I
You were You were You weren’t Were you
He He He he
She is She is not She wasn’t Is she
writing = writing writing?
It It writing It it
We We We we
You were You were You weren’t Were you
They They They they

Usa-se para indicar uma acção que estava a decorrer em determinada altura no passado ou quando outra ocorreu
(simple past).
EXAMPLES

I was having breakfast when she called. They were playing when the light went off.
Were you playing? I wasn’t doing anything when the teacher came in.
We were reading when she began to laugh. I wasn’t waiting for you when she arrived.
She was working when we came in.

NOTA
Com o past continuous usam-se muitas vezes as conjunções while ou as.

UNIT 6 To work or not to work

VERBS: PRESENT PERFECT


Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I I I I
have have haven’t Have
You You You you
He He He he
She has She has not She hasn’t Has she
slept = slept slept?
It It slept It it
We We We we
You have You have You haven’t Have you
They They They they

Singular Plural
Yes, I / you have. Yes, we / you / they have.
short answers No,I / you have not (haven’t). No, we / you / they have not (haven’t).
respostas curtas Yes, he / she / it has.
No, he / she / it has not (hasn’t).

28
BASIC GRAMMAR

• Para formarmos o present perfect, usamos o verbo auxiliar to have, no simple present, e o particípio passado do
verbo principal.

NOTAS
a) O particípio passado dos verbos regulares é igual à forma do simple past, isto é, forma-se acrescentando -(e)d ao infinitivo:

Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle


to decide decided decided
to invent invented invented
to plan planned planned
to work worked worked

b) O particípio passado dos verbos irregulares pode ser…


…igual à forma do simple past: …diferente do simple past:

Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle
to buy bought bought to be was been
to have had had to break broke broken
to find found found to come came come
to spent spent spent to sing sang sung
to tell told told to write wrote written

• A interrogativa faz-se com have / has + sujeito + particípio passado.


• A negativa faz-se com have / has + not + particípio passado.
• O Present Perfect usa-se, basicamente, em duas situações:
1. Para descrever acções que começam no passado, mas que têm uma ligação ao momento presente.
a) Sem qualquer tipo de referência temporal: Where have you put my slippers? I have washed my hair.
b) Com since e for:
I’ve worked in Oporto since 1996. (I still live in Oporto)
My wife has had a job in Coimbra for two years. (She still has that job)
Nota: – since + ponto no tempo; – for + período de tempo
2. Para descrever acções passadas sem referência temporal específica.
a) Sem qualquer tipo de referência temporal: The taxi has arrived.
b) Com referências temporais do tipo already, just, still e yet (tempo recente):
I’ve just seen Mary. She has already finished her degree, but she still hasn’t found a job. Maybe she hasn’t
looked in the right places yet...
c) Com ever / never / yet / so far / … : – Have you ever visited China? – No, I’ve never been abroad.
d) Com referências a situações habituais / repetidas com frequência: I’ve often talked to her on my way
home. We’ve always discussed this matter with the children.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS (who / which / that / whose)


PRONOMES RELATIVOS
Os pronomes relativos usam-se para ligar frases, dando informação acerca da pessoa ou coisa de que se está a falar.
• WHO, WHICH e THAT substituem substantivos ou pronomes pessoais.
a) WHO / THAT – remetem para pessoas:
EXAMPLES

The little girl who / that is crying is lost.


Those are the students who / that went on a school trip to Paris last year.
29
BASIC GRAMMAR

b) WHICH / THAT – remetem para coisas e animais:


EXAMPLES

Portugal is the country which / that has the most beautiful beaches.
This is the restaurant which / that serves the best meals in town.

• Quando o pronome relativo tem função de complemento pode omitir-se.


EXAMPLES

The person (that) you are looking for doesn’t live here any more.
The Port (that) we drank was delicious.

• WHOSE substitui adjectivos possessivos e usa-se para indicar a que(m) pertence ou se refere algo.
EXAMPLES

The driver whose car was damaged was very angry.


The workers whose factory was closed are worried about the future.

NOUN PLURALS
PLURAL DE SUBSTANTIVOS
• Em inglês, regra geral, o plural dos substantivos forma-se acrescentando -s.
EXAMPLES

hammer hammers plane planes tool tools

• Os substantivos terminados em -ch, -sh, -o, -(s)s, -x e -z formam o plural com -es.
EXAMPLES

match matches flash flashes tomato tomatoes


bus buses box boxes quiz quizzes

• Formam o plural só com -s os substantivos terminados em -o de origem grega ou latina ou terminados em vogal + -o.
EXAMPLES

kilo kilos photo photos piano pianos radio radios studio studios

• Substantivos terminados em -f(e) fazem o plural com -ves.


EXAMPLES

knife knives leaf leaves thief thieves wolf wolves


life lives shelf shelves wife wives

Atenção: chiefs / handkerchiefs / roofs / proofs / dwarfs / safes / gulfs.


• Se um substantivo terminar em consoante + -y, transformamos o -y final em -ie para fazer o plural.
EXAMPLES

baby babies secretary secretaries guy guys bay bays


lorry lorries Comparar: key keys

• Plurais irregulares
a) EXAMPLES

child children foot feet goose geese


man men mouse mice ox oxen
tooth teeth woman women
30
BASIC GRAMMAR

b) Plural = singular
EXAMPLES

1 (rein)deer 2 (rein)deer / 1 fish 2 fish / 1 sheep 2 sheep

c) Substantivos só usados no plural


EXAMPLES

the Portuguese !! (a Portuguese man) the rich !! (a rich man)


the good !! (a good man) the blind !! (a blind man)

d) nomes colectivos
Alguns substantivos representam grupos de coisas ou pessoas, podendo também ser usados no plural. No singular,
podem ser seguidos de verbo no singular ou plural.
EXAMPLES

The audience is/are waiting for the actors. This musician likes to play to different types of audiences.
The football team is/are playing tonight. The teams are ready to start the game.

UNIT 7 Let’s celebrate!


IMPERATIVE
IMPERATIVO
• O imperativo forma-se com o infinitivo sem to (ex.: go) e usa-se EXAMPLES
sempre sem nome ou pronome antes do verbo. Pass me that book, please.
• A negativa forma-se com don’t + infinitivo sem to (ex.: don’t go). Don’t scream. The baby is sleeping.
Press the red button and push the door.
O imperativo pode ser usado para fazer pedidos ou dar ordens, Don’t disturb other readers in the library.
instruções e conselhos. Don’t drive so fast. You may cause an accident.

GOING TO - FUTURE
Podemos usar a expressão going to + infinitivo quando planeamos e temos a intenção clara de fazer algo no futuro.
EXAMPLES

I am going to visit my grandmother in the Algarve.


They are going to watch a film tomorrow. (já decidido e/ou planeado)
We are going to buy a new video.

WILL - FUTURE
A expressão will + infinitivo (sem to) pode ser usada para indicar acção futura. Contudo, o seu uso é diferente do
da expressão going to + infinitivo, pois não é usado para expressarmos acções futuras decididas anteriormente.
EXAMPLES

I think I’ll visit Mark tomorrow.


If you hurry up, you will catch the bus.
I will always live in this city.
One day you will be a successful musician.
I hope it won’t rain tonight.
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BASIC GRAMMAR

INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS


ADJECTIVOS E PRONOMES INDEFINIDOS

EXAMPLES
Usamos some
Some of my best friends are in my class.
• em frases afirmativas; There are some mistakes in this text.

EXAMPLES

• quando oferecemos alguma coisa; Would you like some biscuits?


Can I get you some tea?

EXAMPLES

• quando pedimos alguma coisa. Could you show me some of your photos?
Can I have some chocolate cake, Mum?

EXAMPLES
Usamos any
Do you have any lessons on Saturday?
• em frases interrogativas; Are there any English dictionaries in the library?

EXAMPLES
• em frases negativas I don’t have any lessons on Saturday.
(ou com sentido negativo*). There aren’t any English dictionaries in the library.
* My brother often goes to school without any books.
Usamos no
EXAMPLES
• em vez de any ou not, antes de um subs-
There’s no school like mine. (There isn’t a school like mine.)
tantivo, em frases que, apresentando o
I’ve got no problems there. (I haven’t got any problems there.)
verbo na afirmativa, têm sentido negativo.

Usamos every EXAMPLES

• em vez de all (enfatizando a ideia de todos/as Every student has a locker. (All the students have lockers.)
Every question is tricky. (All the questions are tricky.)
e cada um/a), antes de um nome singular.

INDEFINITE ADVERBS AND PRONOUNS


ADVÉRBIOS E PRONOMES INDEFINIDOS
(some / any / no / every + -body / -one / -thing / -where)
A partir destas palavras, podemos fazer várias combinações e obter advérbios e pronomes indefinidos que nos
permitem falar de: Pessoas Coisas Lugares
somebody = someone something somewhere
anybody = anyone anything anywhere
nobody = no one nothing nowhere
everybody = everyone everything everywhere
EXAMPLES

– No one likes me at school!


– Don’t be silly, Louise! Everyone thinks you’re wonderful.
– Really? So why isn’t anyone coming to my birthday party?
– Well... there’s someone at the door. Go and open it. It’s probably your first guest!
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