SBR Workshop Report

ADB TA 7055 IND Component B
Workshop on
Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process
April 9, 2009 Amaltas Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi
Asian Development Bank

National Capital Region Planning Board
Capacity Development of the National Capital Region Planning Board
TA 7055-IND Component B
Workshop on
Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process
April 9, 2009 Amaltas Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi
A. Introduction
On Government of India’s request, Asian Development Bank (ADB) has formulated the technical
assistance (TA) to enhance the capacities of National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB)
and its associated implementing agencies. The objective of this technical assistance (TA) is to
strengthen the capacity at NCRPB, state-level NCR cells, and other implementing agencies in the
area of planning for urban infrastructure and to impart necessary skills to conceive, design,
develop, appraise and implement good quality infrastructure projects for planned development of
NCR. The increased institutional capacity of the NCRPB and the implementing agencies will lead
to effective and time scaling-up of urban infrastructure to (i) improve quality of basic urban
services in the NCR; (ii) develop counter magnet towns; (iii) reduce in migration into Delhi and
orderly development of NCR; and (iv) accelerate economic growth in the NCR.
This TA is designed in three components: A, B and C. Component B focuses on strengthening the

capacities of NCRPB and implementing agencies relating to project feasibility studies and
preparation, and detailed engineering design in the implementing agencies. Specifically this
component B of the TA will support the project preparation efforts of the implementing agencies
by preparing demonstration feasibility studies that include all due diligence documentation
required for processing of the project in accordance with best practices, including ADB’s policies
and guidelines.
Besides, this component of the TA will also:
(i) help in assessing the current practices and procedures of project identification and
preparation of detailed project reports including technical, financial, economic and social
safeguard due diligence;
(ii) support preparation of standard procedure manuals for project identification and
preparation of detailed project reports including technical, financial, economic and social
safeguard due diligence;
(iii) train the implementing agencies in the preparation of detailed project reports by using the
sample subprojects, reports on deficiency of current practices and standard protocol
manuals; and
(iv) help in developing a user-friendly web-page where different manuals and guidelines for
preparation of DPRs will be made available for the implementing agencies.
As per the requirement of the scope of services for TA (Component B), the Consultants have
planned three types training modules under training activities as follows:
• On-job Training;
• Structured Training through Workshops etc; and
• Preparation of Training Materials like Guidelines, Toolkit etc
Under the ‘workshops’ module, identified ‘Senior / Middle Management Staff’ from the
Implementing Agencies NCRPB will be given training through workshop, presentations etc along
with important deliverables. This will aim at appraising the procedures involved in the
preparation of project identification and preparation so as to help them in taking management
decisions along with better supervision control.
B. About this Workshop
As part of the series of workshops and Technical Lectures planned during the TA, the present
‘Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process’ (WS 2) was organized by
the TA Consultant in co-operation with NCRPB. The purpose of this workshop was to share the
experiences of the master plan / sector plan process the TA Team had during the sector plan
preparation for the identified sample subprojects for water supply, sewerage and drainage sectors
with all stakeholders including NCRPB, NCRPB State Cells, development authorities, ULBs and
implementing agencies involved in urban infrastructure. As a separate workshop and technical
lecture is planned subsequently for Solid Waste Management (SWM) with more focus, as
suggested by NCRPB in one of the Review Meeting, SWM Sector is not included in the present
workshop. Main objectives of the workshop include:
Objectives
1. To appraise City level Master plan/ Sector Plan need and preparation processes. for urban
core sectors and train the stakeholders
2. To discuss the findings of the ‘Interim Report’ in the area of Sector Plan preparation for
the identified urban core sectors (water supply, sewer, and drainage) and get their feed
back towards improving the prepared sector plans
3. .To share the experiences of the developments happening around in the areas of planning
and selection of technology options for the urban core sectors through invited technical
lectures
4. Strategic issues and emerging trends in urban infrastructure planning for urban core
sectors
5. Obtain an involvement and commitment from participants to support the present TA

process
6. Allow participants to provide their input into the DPR preparation in loan preparation
process
Date and Venue
The Introduction Workshop was conducted on April 9, 2009 at Amaltash Hall, India Habitat
Centre, New Delhi. Dr. Noor Mohammed, Member Secretary, NCRPB had inaugurated the
workshop and delivered the inaugural address. Photos of the Workshop proceeding are presented
in Appendix 1.
Participants
The workshop was attended by 40 participants with interest in contributing to the improvement
and maintenance of the urban infrastructure in the NCR. Participants had representation from
NCRPB, State NCR Cells, development authorities, ULBs, implementing agencies, academic
institutions, Consultants from TA components (Component A & C.) and TA (Component B)
Consultants. List of participants is attached in Appendix 2.
Toolkit
The participants were provided a toolkit containing hard copy of all presentations made during
the workshop.
C. Agenda and Process
The agenda for the Workshop is shown is given in Appendix 3. In the opening session, Member
Secretary, NCRPB had delivered the inaugural keynote address.
The Member Secretary, NCRPB, in his inaugural address, explained the role of NCRPB in the
areas of planning and development of urban core sectors in the National Capital Region.
Preparation of the Functional Plans, Integrated Mobility Plans for all the major cities and towns
in the NCR and City Development Plans (CDPs) for all the Metro and Regional Centre’s
identified in Regional Plan-2021, details of the on-going sector specific studies, need for the
planned approach with scientific approach for project identification for the controlled and desired
development of the region, the role of Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the regional
development through the present technical assistance and the proposed financial support, the role
of the present TA towards the capacity development in the areas of bankable DPRs were the
topics covered in the keynote address. Text of the inaugural address is placed at Appendix 4.
This was followed by a presentation on ‘Master Plan Concept and its relevance in Urban Core
Sectors Planning’ by the TA Team Leader. Subsequently, the following master plans/sector plans
prepared under the TA Component B were presented (Presentation copies are attached at
Appendix 5). Each presentation was followed by an open discussion in which active participation
was witnessed from the delegates.
• Water Supply Sector Plan for Panipat

• Sewerage Sector Plan for Hapur
• Drainage Sector Plan for Hapur
In the second session, the following special technical lectures were delivered by the subject
specialists, focusing the planning aspects of urban core infrastructures.
• DSS (Decision Support System) Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options

• Integrated Water Resource Management : Singapore’s Experience
First technical lecture on ‘DSS Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options’ was delivered by
Mr Subhash Verma, a renowned Sewerage Expert who had specialized in designing sewerage
treatment plants. The lecture had focused on the objective and need for Decision Support System
(DSS) on selection of treatment options, different technologies available including emerging
technologies and their details, their relevance to different conditions, their pros and cons, cost
implications, all with the reference to the requirements of NCR Region.
Second Technical lecture on ‘Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore’s Experience

‘was delivered by Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner (CRP), NCRPB. During this
technical lecture, CRP had shared his experience of recent visit to Singpore and his observation
on water resource management activities of Singapore Government in managing the available
limited water resources with future perspective. Also the presentation had focused the areas like
water recycling process, integration of different demand areas, demand-supply management, cost
recovery system, user charges etc that are more relevant to the Indian urban water supply
management.
Both technical lectures were found to be informative and mind provoking and resulted in more
intensive interaction from the participants. Most of the participants had participated in the
discussions in which Mr Subhash Verma and Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner
(CRP), NCRPB had explained for the queries from the participants.
Finally, the Workshop was concluded with the vote of thanks delivered by Shri R K Karna,
Director (A&F), NCRPB.
Appendix 1: Photographs
Appendix 3
National Capital Region Planning Board

(ADB TA 7055 – IND, Component B)
Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process

at Amaltash Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 9 April 2009
Program
Activity & Subject Delivered By Time

Registration 9.30 AM
NCRPB Way forward Dr. Noor Mohammed, 10.30 AM
Member Secretary, NCRPB
Master Plan Concept TA Team 10.45 AM
Tea 11.15 AM
Master Plan for Water Supply TA Team 11.30 AM
Master Plan for Waste Water TA Team 12.15 PM
Lunch 13.00 PM
Master Plan for Drainage TA Team 14.00 PM
DSS Technology for Wastewater Treatment Mr Subhash Verma , 14.45 PM
Options Sewerage Expert
Tea 15.45 PM
Integrated Water Management : Singapore Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief 16.00 PM
Experience Regional Planner, NCRPB
Thanks Director (A & F), NCRPB 16.45 PM
Appendix 4: Key Note Address by the Member Secretary, NCRPB
Workshop on Master Plan Preparation Process for Urban Infrastructure
(April 9, 2009, Amaltas, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi)
Experts, Ladies and gentlemen

It is my pleasure to be with you in today’s seminar on “Master Plan preparation process for urban
infrastructure development”.
A planned development is a well recognized strategy to achieve development objectives in a shorter
time and in a more effective manner. NCR Planning Board is mandated under Section 7 of the NCR
Planning Board Act, 1985
• To ensure proper and systematic programming by the participating States in regard to
project formulation, determination of priorities in the NCR and phasing of development
of the Region in accordance with stages indicated in the Regional Plan and
• To arrange for, and oversee, the financing of selected development projects in the NCR
through Central and State Plan funds and other sources of revenue.
To fulfill this mandate the Board has adopted a planned strategy and has prepared Regional Plan 2021
which is a macro plan for development of the region. It is now in the process of developing a
Business Plan, which goes to micro levels, to implement the policies and proposals of the Regional
Plan. A number of initiatives have been taken to meet the challenge.
Till now the Board lacked good projects for financing and was constrained to fund those presented
before it by the NCR constituent states. Now the Board has initiated steps to plan and develop shelf
of projects that are in sync with the overall development of the region. The more notable of these
steps are:
New Plans:
• Preparation of Functional Plan on Tourism in the NCR because well designed
tourism circuits in NCR have substantial potential to create jobs in the region.
• Preparation of Integrated Mobility Plan for all the major cities and towns in the NCR.
• Preparation of City Development Plans (CDPs) for all the Metro and Regional
Centres identified in Regional Plan-2021. Model CDPs for two centres are being
prepared through ADB assistance and the rest will be got prepared by NCRPB
through out-sourcing.
Expediting on-going studies:
• Study on the Integrated Transportation Plan for NCR was expedited. The consultant
has submitted Draft Final Report which was extensively discussed in a Seminar
organized for this purpose. The draft report has identified a number of priority
investments that need to be implemented for creating an efficient transportation
system in the NCR. The matter has been taken up with the Transport Secretaries of
the constituent states to fix priority among these projects and reserve land well in
advance for projects to be implemented in the future. In addition, dialogue has been
initiated with funding agencies such as ADB, JICA etc. to find funds for these
projects.
• Study on Augmentation of Water Supply in NCR was expedited and a seminar has
been organized to invite suggestions of the stake holders. The consultant is preparing
Draft Final Report and it is expected to be submitted soon. In the meantime, the
concerns highlighted by the consultant, particularly the one regarding the ground
water recharge, have been taken on board. A dialogue has been initiated to find funds
to address the problem and a tentative proposal has been submitted to KFW for
considering funding of ground water recharge projects in the NCR.
• Studies on Power sector and Drainage in NCR are being done at a pace slower than
desired. Efforts are underway to expedite these studies so that issues concerning
Power and Drainage can be addressed in a planned manner.
• New studies on social infrastructure, handicraft and household industries and socio-
economic study are being undertaken to prepare functional plans for development of
these sectors.
It is intended that these planned efforts bear desired fruits and for that to happen the required
capacities have to be developed. This seminar aims to emphasize importance of planned development
and disseminate the knowledge regarding preparation of sector Master Plans. The Master Plan will
take into account sustainable development and sustainability with the recognition that current
consumption and living habits may be leading to problems such as
o deficiency in service delivery for basic infrastructure
o the overuse of natural resources,
o un-optimal use of available scarce resources due to lack of co-ordination in planning
o ecosystem destruction,
o pollution,
o growing social inequality and
o large-scale climate change.
The Master Plan Approach, while keeping sustainability issues in mind, involves making choices
among the options that appear open for the future, and then securing their implementation, which
depends upon allocation of necessary resources. Thus Master plan is a tool to guide and manage the
growth of cities in a planned manner.
The master plan helps to arrest the ugliness and haphazard growth of big cities and guides the future
development in a planned planner. It also facilitates phased developments to achieve the single
development vision of ‘optimum utilization’ of available scarce resources.
Approach to the city level / regional level infrastructure development should be premised on sector
level master plans. In its comprehensive approach the first focus shall be on sector level analysis
limiting to the
o service area (city/development authority area), appraising the existing system performance
and
o identifying the problems,
o projecting the future demands and
o Improvements/ augmentations required to achieve the acceptable levels.
o Subsequently, the priority projects and components shall be identified for detailed studies
from the Sector Master Plans prepared.
It is, therefore, evident that a planned development is needed to implement the policies and proposals
of the Regional Plan of NCR.
Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance for NCRPB
The objective of the present Asian Development Bank (ADB) Technical Assistance (TA) is to
strengthen the capacity at NCRPB, state-level NCR cells, and other implementing agencies in the area
of planning for urban infrastructure. This will help to
(i) improve quality of basic urban services in the NCR;
(ii) to develop counter magnet towns;
(iii) to reduce in migration into Delhi and orderly development of NCR; and
(iv) to accelerate economic growth in the NCR.
Component B of this ADB TA focuses on to impart necessary skills to conceive, design, develop,
appraise and implement good quality infrastructure projects for planned development of NCR,
through demonstration process of preparing model projects. This component of the TA will produce
outputs like:
o Bankable Detailed Feasibility Study Reports of identified projects including all due diligence
documentation required for processing of projects for funding purpose;
o Standard Procedure Manuals for project identification and preparation
Present Workshop on Master Plan Preparation Process
Initial Outputs of the TA, in terms of Mater plan for the identified sectors (water supply, sewerage,
drainage, solid waste management and transport) for the sample towns, are prepared through the
systematic approach. Experiences and the process of Sector level Master plans prepared for the water
supply (Panipat Town), sewerage (Hapur Town) and drainage (Hapur Town) sectors are shared with
the stakeholders as part of the capacity development program in this workshop.
The Way forward
Stakeholders and their officials consisting of planners and engineers participating in this workshop
can benefit by sharing the experiences of the TA Team in approaching the projects identification for
DPR preparation through sector level master plan approach. Detailed presentations to be followed on
the Sector Plans prepared for water supply, sewerage and drainage sectors can explain the
components, process, outputs required for a typical sector plan with futuristic approach for a city
development. By having appropriate interaction through discussion process, this experience can be
transplanted in your towns, in your sectors for project identification.
In the subsequent workshops, the experiences of the DPR preparation along with the required due-
diligence activities (technical, environmental, social rehabilitation, economic and financial) will be
shared with you by the TA Team.
Demonstration of planning and implementation process for urban infrastructure projects through
‘lessons learned’ format by visiting successful projects will also have more positive impact on the
urban development. ADB TA has also proposed for few field visits to such representative successful
projects across the country for the benefit of the stakeholders in NCR.
I hope this seminar will benefit all the participants and stake holders engaged in development of NCR.
Thanks.
Urban Sector in India
Urban population has grown at about 4% p.a. vis-à-vis 1.5% growth

Capacity Development of the NCRPB in rural areas
ADB TA 7055 IND Component B
Urban population 23% in 1981 increased to 30% in 2001 and likely
to be 36% in 2011
Master Planning for Urban Infrastructure Two-thirds of the above live in Class I (lakh plus) cities
NCRPB, New Delhi
Metropolitan (million plus) cities have increased from 5 in 1951 to
April 9, 2009
27 cities in 2001
Second largest urban system in the world
Comprises of over 3700 urban local entities (municipal corporations,
councils, city-rural bodies, etc.)
1
Urbanization-boom for economy Urbanization : Provides Better Life
In India 60% of GDP and 90% of revenue comes from Urbanization promotes human development
urban although population is 30% Cities are centers of excellence for education, health care,
Higher is level of urbanization higher is GDP per capita of innovations, entrepreneurship, business, commerce,
country industry, culture and social services
Higher city size – more is productivity per capita Cities are large markets for all types of products, goods and
Cities have greater output / productivity per capita than services
rural areas Cities are primary centers for jobs, employment & livelihood
Migration to urban – more wealth of nation opportunities
Productivity of city / nation would further increase if cities
function more efficiently
Infrastructure Situation Urban Infrastructure: need
Access to safe drinking water Rakesh Mohan Committee: Rs 28000 Crore

(Piped water in house) 60% As per PM’s speech in 2004: US$150b in next 10 years
Households having water toilets 46% In terms of GDP 8% of GDP including 2% Pvt
Connected to public sewerage system 28%
Garbage collection Municipal Authorities 60% Present spending i) 2.8% of GDP(Govt.)
Living in squatter settlements 21% ii) 0.8% of GDP(Private)
China is spending appx. 7 times(US$150b/year) as

compared to India(US$20b/year)
Urban Infrastructure situation Urban Infrastructure Situation
Inadequate Water Supply and sanitation system, Unsafe In appropriate land management
Water Supply High level of urban poverty
Severe traffic congestion Low quality of life indicated by poor health standards
Proliferation of low grade housing including slums & Serious social problems as shown by increasing incidence of
informal settlement crime, violence and vandalism
Environmental degradation of air, land and water Continued urban growth is expected to compound these
Solid Waste not collected completely & improper disposal problems
Lack of financial, technical, managerial & administrative Low motivation of staff, no ownership no sense of care
capacity Poor governance
Lack of political will Inefficient and leaking water supply systems
Unplanned and Uncontrolled growth of towns Ad hoc and temporary solutions
Urban Infrastructure Situation Urban Infrastructure :Planning
Low tariffs, poor collection efficiency Investment for Urban Infrastructure is cost effective- more
Ad hoc & poor quality of maintenance benefits
No public participation Plan nuts and bolts
Unsatisfied consumers Take adequate time in planning
Urban poverty is more harsh and extreme. It is manifested Plan for Long Period
in poor quality of life, low income, low paying jobs, high More area
living costs, long journey to work, shortage of housing, Planning for Region, Sub-Region, Cluster, City
environmental risks
Sustainable Planning (environmentally & financially)
Quality of construction
Planning: Population Forecast Urban Infrastructure :Master Plan
Year Population (in lakhs)

1951 0.49
Planning Stages
1961 0.55
1971 0.71 Master Plan, Development Plan, Sector plan
1981 1.03 Phasing of Master Plan Investments
1991 1.46
Concept report, Prefeasibility Report, Feasibility Report,
2001 2.12
2011 2.78
DPR, Detailed Engineering Report
2021 3.65 Report required for approval of loan
2031 4.79
Report required for implementation
2041 6.28
Geometric Increase
Urban Infrastructure Situation
Optimum solution
Conceive vision, goal, objective
Consider local conditions
Consider policies, guidelines and applicable regulations Thank You
What is Master Plan?
It defines broad picture of Infrastructure
MASTER PLAN requirement of :
*A defined Geographical area
*Over a defined period of time
WATER SUPPLY *Should address all components of
PANIPAT particular Infrastructure
*Provide for phasing of activities, as
reqd.
opg Master Plan Water Supply Panipat 1 opg Master Plan Water Supply Panipat 2
Requirements for Master Plan Continued:
Details of existing Infrastructure Demographic history with ward-

ward-wise/area-
wise/area-
Detailed Land use Plan for the projected wise break-
break-up of the town
period of planning with boundary limits Alternative sources of water
Details of likely developments in the Detailed topographic map of the
proposed geographic area effecting development area
migration of population Problems experienced in O&M of existing
Status of existing and proposed system and deficiencies, if any
developments of other infrastuctures
Process of M.P. preparation Continued
Analyze existing water supply system Design the water production system from
Evaluate alternative sources of water from the source selected
techno-
techno-economic points of view Design distribution system
Make Demographic projections Design the O&M system
Fix the Design Criterias Define the Institutional set up for
Make water demand projections Execution and O&M
Divide the development area in Zones for Prepare block cost estimates
water distribution system design
Continued
Prioritise different components of the

Master Plan from the points of view of
technical and physical requirements
Prepare an investment plan for Phase
wise implementation
Get Environmental, Social and Economical
analysis done
AREAS OF DIFFERENT LIMITS
PARTICULARS AREA IN HECTARES
MUNICIPAL LIMIT 1717
CONTROLLED AREA I 6740
CONTROLLED AREA II 22800
MASTER PLAN 2021 7011
Population Growth Panipat Population Projections (2011 – 2041)

Mathematical Projections Projected Population
(1951 – 2001)
Year Develop Arithmet Increme Exponen Growth Growth Computed
Year Population Area Density Growth Rate ment ical ntal tial Rate by Rate Population
Plan-
Plan- Method Method Method Incremen Allocated
(ha) (ppha) (%)
2021 tal (%)
Method
1951 54981 770 71 - (%)
1961 67026 770 87 21.9 2011 5,06,866 4,42,864 4,99,438 566,637 41.0 41.34 500,543
(43%)
1971 87981 770 114 31.3
2021 7,09,612 5,31,580 7,01,302 906,619 40.4 42.87 715,105
1981 137927 1987 69 56.8 (40%)
1991 191000 1987 96 38.5 2031 6,20,296 9,59,740 1,450,59 36.9 33.33 953,484
0
2001 261740 1987 132 37.0
2041 7,09,012 12,74,75 2,320,94 32.8 28.33 1,270,597
2 4
Population as per 2001 census is 3,54,148

Population Adopted Present Water Supply sources
YEAR POPULATION System Production Capacity
2011 5 Lac 115 TW within Municipal 56.31 MLD

Area
39 TW outside Municipal 9.07 MLD
2026 8.05 Lac
Area
41 TW in HUDA Area 15.66 MLD
2041 12.70 Lac
Total capacity 195 TW 81.05 MLD
Location of Tube Wells

Panipat-
Panipat-Existing Water Supply
(Municipal Area)
Area)
Distribution System
Ground Water Exploitation status

WATER SUPPLY LEVEL Panipat District
Total Production Capacity 81.05 MLD Block Exploitation Level

Likely UFW 40% Bapoli 186 %
Net Water Supply 48.63 MLD Isarna 16 %
Population 2008 (Appox) 4.86 lac
Madlauda 129 %
Present Service Level 100 lpcd
Panipat 137 %
Samalkha 181 %
Average level for 156 %
District
opg Master Plan Water Supply Panipat 17 opg Master Plan Water Supply Panipat
Master Plan Water Supply Panipat 18
Ground Water Drop in Panipat District GROUND WATER FLUCTUATION - PANIPAT
June 1974 – June 2007
Block SWL June 74 SWL June 07 Drop in
Water Level
Panipat 3.81 21.2 (m)
17.39
Madlauda 4.57 9.49 4.92
Samalkha 5.16 20.09 14.93
Isarna 3.87 7.43 3.56
Bapoli 5.39 13.01 7.62
Tube Wells, Panipat Industrial Waste flowing in Drains
Water Demand Forecast OBJECTIVES
PROVIDE GOOD QUALITY POTABLE WATER IN

ADEQUATE QUANTITY AND WITH DESIRED
TERMINAL PRESSURE
Designed Rate of Water Supply 160 lpcd
UFW Provision 15 % PROVIDE 24X7 WATER SUPPLY
Demand 2011 with UFW 40% 112.5MLD
Demand 2026 130 MLD REDUCED UFW
Demand 2041 196 MLD

IMPROVED CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
IMPROVED COST RECOVERY
Proposed Water Supply Zones - Panipat
ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES
LOCAL GROUND WATER
DELHI PARALLEL BRANCH CANAL
YAMUNA RIVER
Munakh Regulator Delhi Link Channel at Munakh Regulator
Upstream Downstream
YAMUNA RIVER Salient Features
Water Treatment Plant 200 MLD

Clear Water Pumps 8nos. 590lps 46m
Raw Water Pumps 6nos. 625lps 8m
Pumping mains 700mm 29500m
500mm 2750m
2750m
400mm 9870m
350mm 9400m
300mm 8500m
Clear Water Reservoir 20 ML
Total OHSRs capacity 64 ML
Proposed Water Supply System - Panipat
Salient Features (Contd.)
Rehabilitation & Extension of Distribution system

Providing Water Meters 800mm 4 nos.
Zonal 32 nos.
Consumer Meters 33000 nos.
Change of all Consumer Service pipe lines with
MDPE pipes
UFW reduction Program through DMA method
Training Center
Cost Estimates
Particulars Cost (Rs.million)
Production system 804.13
Pumping main pipe lines 593.56
Zonal Reservoirs 640.00
Distribution system 170.63
Water Meters 183.30
Tube Wells Improvement 46.63
Misc. Items 200.00
Physical contingency @10% 275.88
Total 2902.00
Cost Estimate (Phase wise)

List of Zones Particulars Phase - I Phase - II
Production system 523.45 280.68
Phase I Pumping pipe lines 207.86 385.70
– 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 14 to 21, 24 to 29 Zonal Reservoirs 420.00 220.00
Distribution system 124.10 46.53
Phase II Water Meters 183.30 -
Tube Wells 46.63 -
- 6, 7, 8, 10 to 13, 22, 23, 30 to 32 Improvement
Misc. Items 100.00 100.00
Physical contingency 177.30 98.58
@10%
Total 1765.88 1136.20
Operation & Maintenance
SCADA FOR OPERATION OF RWPS,

WTP, CWPS, BOOSTER PS, TUBE THANKS
WELLS & CONTROL OF OHSR LEVELS
O & M OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM UP
TO OHSR TO BE PLACED UNDER
MANAGEMENT CONTRACT
BILLING & REVENUE COLLECTION TO
BE PRIVATISED
Existing Sewerage System in
Hapur
Capacity Development of the NCRPB Sewerage system laid in 1972
ADB TA 7055 IND Component B Covers 20 % area
15 KM sewers 150-850 mm dia
Preparation of Master Plan for sewerage One pumping station 4 turbine pumps of 30 KW each
Specific Reference for Hapur Rising Main 450 mm Cast Iron and 450 mm RCC NP2
No STP
NCRPB, New Delhi
Pumped sewage earlier used for irrigation but now
April 9, 2009
due to urbanization no takers
Existing Sewerage System in

Hapur
Existing sewers are blocked
Sewers are overflowing
Sewers discharge waste in drains
Man holes filled with solid waste
Sewage Pumping Station is very old, in bad condition
and pumps lived there normal life
One pump operates 2 hours a day against installation
of 4 pumps- Indicate 5% flow reaches SPS
EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM HAPUR

Proposals for Sewerage Scheme
UP JAL NIGAM initiated proposals for sewerage scheme

but the State Government decided to take up sewerage
schemes for district head quarters and as such at present
scheme preparation is on hold
HPDA insist that special approval for sewerage scheme for

Hapur shall be taken from state government
HPDA is laying sewers in the sectors being developed by

them but finding problem of final disposal and
comprehensive planning
Planning: Population Forecast
Planning: Horizon
Year Population (in lakhs)

BASE YEAR 2011 1951 0.49
1961 0.55
PLANNING HORIZON 2041 1971 0.71
1981 1.03
PLANNING HORIZON OF 30 YEARS TAKEN TO 1991 1.46
MATCH DESIGN PERIOD OF 30 YEARS FOR MOST 2001 2.12
OF THE ELEMENTS 2011 2.78
2021 3.65
2031 4.79
2041 6.28
Geometric Increase
Planning: Project Area Planning : Zones
Sl. No. Particulars Area in ha TOPOGRAPHY

FLAT TOPOGRAPHY –GROUND LEVELS VARY 211 M-
1 Municipal Corporation Area 1401 213 M, LEVEL NEAR STP 210 M
2 Master Plan 2005 Area 4633 MAJOR PHYSICAL FEATURES
3 Master Plan Area 2005 recently 5522 RAIL LINE/NATIONAL HIGHWAY/MUNICIPAL

extended BOUNDARY/HPDA DEVELOPMENT
4 Land Use 2007 9733
Sewerage Zones - Hapur Population Forecast
year Population Year Projected Population
1951 0.49 2011 2.78

1961 0.55 2021 3.65
1971 0.71 2031 4.79
1981 1.03 2041 6.28
1991 1.46
2001 2.12 Geometric Increase
All figures are in lakhs, UP Jal Nigam projected population of

425331 in year 2034, NCR plan 2021 proposed population
for Hapur & Pilkhua of 450000 in 2021 and 350000 in 2011
Population Density
Zonal Population
The wards with high density will now
Location Population Area in Population
year 2041 Hectares Density
grow at less rate and wards with low

Municipal Boundary 364631 1401 260 density will have high growth
Area outside 263671 4121 64
Ward populations have been projected
municipality but with in up to year 2041
project area
Zone population has been worked out
Total Area 628302 5522 114
from ward population
Design Criteria
Flow generation 80% of water supply
@135 LPCD
Ground water infiltration if sewers
below ground water level
Peak factor 3 to 1.6 as per contributing
population
Minimum velocity 0.6 m/sec in
beginning for peak flow
Design Criteria Design Criteria
Maximum velocity 2.75 m/sec Minimum cover 1 meter
Sewer flow 0.8 full at ultimate peak flow Maximum depth 8-10 meter
Man hole at each change of direction Pumping Main: Economic dia, maximum
Depth size & spacing of man hole as per IS velocity 3 m/sec
Minimum pipe dia 150 mm Pipe DI/PSCC
RCC NP3/NP4 pipe with sulphate resistant Pumping Station: Sump 5 minute
cement storage, Non clog submersible pump,
PVC/HDPE pipe in shallow streets & for pumps to take peak flow and minimum
house connections flow
Design Criteria Design Criteria

Sewage treatment process: depend on Land requirement
land cost, method of disposal of waste, Treatment Process Land required
operational cost Activated Sludge process/Trickling Filter 0.5 Acre/MLD
Waste stabilization process proposed Aerated Lagoons 1.2 Acre/MLD

due to low operation cost
Waste stabilization Plant 2.5 Acre/MLD
Provide 200 meter buffer plantation
UASB 0.42 Acre/MLD
zone
Extended aeration 0.35 Acre/MLD
Phasing of Investment Proposals

Sewers at 125 m/hectare=650 km of which 90% will
be laterals 150/200 mm dia
Rehabilitate existing sewerage & Pumping Station and
Outfall sewer 1000 mm for zone 1,1100 mm for zone 3
Extend sewerage in Municipal area and HPDA 9 Sectors
and 700 mm for zone 4
in Phase 1
PVC pipe to connect houses to sewer 410 km
Other areas in phase 2,3,4,5
Sewage Pumps For year 2026 For year 2041
Existing SPS 4 No*40 KW 4 No* 40 KW
SPS South 5 No*40 KW 300 KW
South East 3 No*20 KW 155 KW

Proposals Proposals
Waste Stabilization Plants capacity proposed and land Treated waste shall be used for irrigation. Area
required are as follows irrigated shall be as follows
STP Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 land STP Year Year Year
2011 2026 2041
STP 25 MLD 24 MLD 61 ha STP 102 ha 130 ha 219 ha
South South
STP East 5 MLD 14 MLD 19 ha STP East 18 ha 33 ha 84 ha
Estimated Cost Lack Rs

Phas Phase Phas Phase Phas Contingencies
e1 2 e3 4 e 5 Gran
S 2009- 2014- 2019- 2024- 2029- d
No Item 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033 Total The cost is based on current prevalent rates.
1 Rehabilitation of existing
system New
198 The price contingency has not been taken.
Laterals 1706
2
3759 2044 1200 1050 Provision for other contingencies taken as below
3 Trunk Mains New 1253 569 681 400 350 Physical contingencies at 10%
4 Sewage Pump House 47 45 Environmental mitigation at 1%
5 STP 900 600 540
6 Land Acquisition 1700 Social Interventions at 1%
7 Low Cost Sanitation, Mtc Eqp Institutional Development Interventions at 1%
200
Design and supervision at 5%
8 Total
8058 2875 3311 1600 1400 17243
9
With Contingencies 9508 3393 3906 1888 1652 20347
O & M Cost (Additional in each

phase) :Rs Lacks per Annum
S Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5
No Item
1 Rehabilitation 0.89
2 Sewers 12.53 5.69 6.82 4 3.5
3 M&E 1.41 1.37
4 Staff 32.5
5 SPS
SPS Energy
Energy old 18.69 Thank You
East Energy
6 SPS 3.27
7 South 18.69
8 Civil SPS 0.45
9 STP 4.5 3 2.7
10 STP Energy 60 48 28
Total 152.9 56.69 38.88 4 3.5
Drainage system-Broad Objectives
Capacity Development of the NCRPB To remove storm water and sullage for
ADB TA 7055 IND Component B minimizing:
¾ Public Health hazards
Preparation of Drainage Master Plan ¾ Inconvenience to residents
NCRPB, New Delhi ¾ Deterioration of the Environment
9 April 2009 ¾ Prevention of flooding
¾ Interference to other Infrastructure Services
Drainage – Important Aspects Drainage – Important Aspects
Retention basins Pavements and drains should always be considered

as an integrated whole
Importance of retention basins like lakes, tanks,
parks etc to be considered. During storms, drains overflow and paved roads act
¾ They store flood waters and prevent inundation of as drains. Thus storm water drains are designed
d/s areas optimally and allowed to overflow onto roads
¾ They also aid in building up GWT
Prevent flash floods Failure to provide drains when roads are laid may
damage roads and also costlier to build later
¾
¾ Provide source of water supply

Encroachment in retention basins to be Drains will not function if levels do not match with
strictly prohibited roads and are not linked to ultimate disposal
Drainage Systems Data Requirement
Combined systems:
A base map for the town with a contour
¾ Storm flows are much higher than sewage flows.
Much higher size sewers are required overlay
¾ High peak flow fluctuations in Wet and Dry seasons
cause problems for Sewage treatment Plants Short Duration Rainfall Data
Separate systems:
Natural Drains/ Streams
Storm water and sullage are carried through open
drains/pipe lines. Existing Drainage System
In general, Combined System not usually suitable for
Indian conditions Flood Prone Areas
Hapur- City Overview Approach & Methodology
Hapur - situated in Ghaziabad district - 65 Km from Collection of Secondary Data - Town

Delhi. Development Plan 2005, Historical rainfall
Almost flat topography. The general slope of the information from ‘Report on rainfall data of New
town is from North to South. RL varies from 213 to Delhi (Year 1986-2006) of UP Jal Nigam
210 m above MSL. Field Investigations - Existing storm drainage
The depth of sub – soil water in the town varies from system
9 to 12 m during different seasons. Rainfall Analysis - Design intensities were
No perennial surface source in and near the town estimated and intensity duration frequency (IDF)
curves were plotted.
Hydraulic Analysis & Capacity - Design flows
based and hydraulic capacity of the drains was
analyzed
EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Four major drains

Drain No1
Drian No 2 (Choya nallah)
Circular road drain
Delhi Garh road drain.
All the drains ultimately flow into the Kali river- south of
the town.
Drain No 1 and Choya Nallah converge at Rampur road
near Haddi meel and flow in to the Kali river.
DRAIN No 2 (CHOYA NALLAH)

DRAIN NO 1
• Main drain of the Hapur city
• Enters at Hasoda village to Kali river
• Passes through Jasroop Nagar, Adarsh Nagar, New
Ganesh nagar, Lajja puri, Ramgarhi village and Shiv
garhi village of the town.
• Length of the drain - about 4Km.
• Most problematic areas and particularly in absence of
the sewerage system the drain acts as sewer line.
DRAIN NO 2
Dastoi Road to
Hasoda to Dastoi road Modinagar road crossing
DRAIN NO 2 DRAIN NO 2
Modinagar crossing to Delhi Railway crossing to chamri road Chamri road crossing to Delhi Delhi Garh road crossing to
Moradabad railway crossing crossing Garh road crossing Ramgarhi village
DRAIN No 3
(CIRCULAR DRAIN) FLOOD PRONE AREAS
•Channeled Drain Adarsh Nagar - the choya nallah disappears and
•At start – Delhi Garh the water spreads in to the field and the colony.
Road –width – 0.3m Habitation settled on the bed.
•At Sikander Gate – • Ganesh Nagar & Lajja Puri - Densly populated;
0.8m X 0.45 m drain restricted to about 2m width and flows in
•At Garh Ghati between the houses; drain acts as sewer and is
Chowki – 3m x 2.8m blocked by solid waste.
•Length – About 2.1 • Gol market - at the Delhi Garh road; Due to break
Km in the Delhi Garh drain
•Full of Sewer
•
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Adopted - Guidelines of CPHEEO manual

Basic Design Parameters
• Frequency of storm / return period
• Depth –duration of storm
• Time of concentration
• Run off coefficient for the project area
• Flow in the channels
DESIGN PARAMETERS DESIGN PARAMETERS
The peak runoff - Rational formula Time of Concentration

Time required for rain water flow over ground surface from the
extreme point of drainage basin to reach the point under
Qp = CIA/360 consideration.
Time of Concentration Tc=Time of Entry Te +Time of Travel Tf
Where, Te = (0.87){(L^3)^0.385}/(H)
L = Distance of critical point to drain in Km
Qp - peak flow in m3 /sec
H = fall in level from critical point to drain level in meters
C – Runoff coefficient
For design – intensity of rainfall corresponding to Tc from the
I – design rainfall intensity mm/hr graph
A – Contributory area in hectares
Runoff coefficient Runoff coefficient
• Mainly residential with high density to low density,

imperviousness cover of 60% may be considered at
Type of area Imperviousness (%)
master plan stage.
Commercial/Industrial 70 to 90
Residential area :
i) High density 60 to 75
ii) Low density 35 to 60
Parks & undeveloped 10 to 20
areas
Rainfall Intensity Rainfall Intensity
• STORM FREQUENCY • RAINFALL INTENSITY AND DURATION

Sl No. Type of area Storm • Storm frequency has been adopted as
frequency
once in a year.
1 Residential areas
• RAINFALL DATA ANALYSIS
i) Peripheral area Twice a year RMSD calculation
ii) Central and comparatively Once a year i = a/ tm
high priced area
Where : i = Intensity of rainfall (mm/hr)
2 Commercial and high priced area Once in two years
a,m = Constant; t = Duration (min.)
Rainfall Intensity Rainfall Intensity

Precipitation 5 mm 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50
Duration mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
15 min • • INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY CURVE
346 346 344 319 265 229 177 162 79
30 min
256 252 206 151 73 44 44 37 18
45 min
128 95 37 24 24 18 12 8 4
60 min
58 31 16 15 13 13 12 8 7
75 min
38 13 13 12 11 9 6 5 0
90 min
12 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1
• I = 6492/(t )1.5
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Hydraulic Modelling
• Estimate Run-
Run-off discharges-
discharges- as above.
• Compared with the carrying capacity of the existing
drains.
V = 1/n x R2/3 x S1/2
Where,
V = Velocity (m/s); n = Friction Factor; R = Hydraulic
Radius (m); and S = Channel Slope (m/m)
Capacity (Q) = A x V
RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
Short Term measures for year 2009- 2011: Long Term measures for year 2011 – 2014:
De-silting and garbage removal in all drains; • Augmentation of existing drains;
Removing of weeds form Drain 1 with minor repair, • Major rehabilitation, such as construction of retaining
such as repair of damaged work masonry, coping, walls, flooring, and top cover;
plastering etc; • Construction of complete new drains;
Slab covers to be provided in Industrial Drain i.e for • Elimination of cross-connections with sewers and
section 1 of choya nallah containing industrial waste industrial discharges;
water; Rough Cost Estimates …

BLOCK COST ESTIMATE
S. No Component Length Estimated Cost

Km Rs. Million
1 Remodeling and channelization with construction of 20.0 3,70.00
Thank You
missing link
2 Provision of drain covers 2.0 25.00
3 Construction a new major drain 2.5 35.00
4 Construction/ remodeling of secondary & tertiary 1,20.00
drains
5 Sub Total 550.00
6 Physical contingencies @10% of sub total 55.00
Total 605.00
Contents
Technology DSS for z What is a DSS
Wastewater Treatment Options z Objective & Need for DSS ?
• Issues - Constraints
Subhash Verma • Technology Selection Criteria

z What Technologies
• Natural
• Intensive – ie Mechanical
NCR Planning Board z Prevalent technologies
z Emerging Technologies
9th April 2009
z Experience with technologies
ÎDiscussion
What is a DSS
Objective
¾Decision Support System
The Decision Support System aims at :
¾A uniform evaluation criteria for multi selecting the Optimal Treatment

criteria evaluation for arriving at the best Technology option for delivering waste
Option
water of specified quality for
communities
Complexity in Decision Making for What are the Issues – 1 ?

Appropriate Technology
Many Technology Options
Many Circumstances • Natural /mechanical What Treatment Standards
•topography • Anaerobic /aerobic biology
•land availability • Suspended Growth Fixed ¾ TSS < 30
•housing Film
•soil conditions • Bio Solids Separation : Gravity ¾ BOD < 20
•nature reserve Separator / Laminar Separators
• physical / chemical
¾ Coliforms < 10,000
•gray/black water separation
• Is N/P removal needed ??
•availability of collection systems
• advanced technologies z Or
UV/Ozone
• membranes / bio-membranes ¾ TSS < 10
DSS • filtration techniques
¾ BOD < 10
• evaporation / DM/ RO ??
¾ Coliforms < 1000
Many Actors
•Regulator Many effects/constraints z Or
•end-users •Treatment Standards
•technicians •environmental/soil
¾ Drinking water Quality !!!
•politicians •economical
•different ministries
•fund providers/ donors
Decision
Decision •social
• Safety
1
What are the Issues 2 ? What are the Issues 3 ?
Plant Capacity Residual Disposal
z Design Hydraulic Flow / Organic Lod ¾ Questions
• Present Requirement may be Under Capacity z Disposal of Screenings
• Future Requirement may be Over Capacity z Disposal of Grit
¾ Question z Disposal of Bio Solids
z Is there a technology that can be upgraded to up ¾ Dewatering
graded without major changes ?? z Natural : Sludge Dewatering Beds
z Mechanical : Filters ( Belt Press / Screw Press)
Centrifuge
What are the constraints Technology Selection Criteria

¾Land Availibity
Inputs:
¾Incoming Pollutant Load
¾Power Availibity & Reliability
z BOD - SS -% VSS - N-Nutrients –Coliforms
z
¾Disposal of treated wastewater
River / Nala / Pond .. Is treated water going to ¾Requirements - Treated WW Quality
be used • BOD - SS - N-Nutrients -Coliforms
Technology Options Range

Technology Evaluation
from Mechanised...
Criteria
Land Requirement
Utility requirements mechanised, state-of-the-art

Treatment,
Reliability
Operator Attention & maintenance
Water recovery potential
Residuals (Sludge-Untreated)
Capital Costs
O&M costs …. aerobic technology to

Bio Energy Generation ( Yes/ No ) is Yes How Much anaerobic technology, ...
2
to …Natural Systems Prevailing Technologies
Waste water discharged
into the nala…. 1. Natural Technologies
strong smell, BOD 400 mg/l, ¾ Waste Stabilisation Ponds
COD 800 mg/l, TN 40 mg/l
2. Natural Extensive Technologies
¾ Lagoon Systems ( Anaerobic – Completely
Mixed – Facultative Aerobic )
3. Intensive Technologies
¾ Suspended Growth
...and, 1 km downstream… ¾ Fixed Film ( Trickling Filter )
no smell, BOD 15 mg/l, COD 35 mg/l, ¾ UASB
TN 33 mg/l, Coliforms 3,000/100 ml
Waste Stabilization Ponds Waste Stabilization Ponds
POND
¾ Pros
PRIMARY
EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
¾Simple and reliable : Fit & Forget
¾Low operation & maintenance
FACULTATIVE
POND ¾Moderate ability to handle changes in influent
flows and loads
¾ Oxygen supplied by natural reaeration at surface ¾Can be used for fish culture
and algal oxidation during daytime ¾ Cons
¾ Organic material is synthesized into cells and ¾Large land area required; cannot be used for
settles to pond bottom
large systems
¾ Total HRT of 20 to 40 days required
¾High effluent TSS resulting from algae
¾ Best to use 2 or 3 ponds in series
¾Can create mosquito breeding grounds
Lagoons Systems Lagoon Systems

BLOWER BLOWER
¾ Pros
PRIMARY
EFFLUENT
LAGOON
EFFLUENT
z Biogas recovery from 1st stage
z Stable operation
z Moderate ability to handle changes in influent flows
ANAEROBIC COMPLETE-MIX FACULTATIVE
LAGOON AERATED AERATED
LAGOON LAGOON
and loads
¾ 3 Distinct stages in series: z Nitrification is possible
z Anaerobic; sedimentation and degradation z Low Operator Attention
z Aerated; aerobic stabilization ¾ Cons
z Facultative; sedimentation and degradation z Large land area requirements
¾ Total HRT is about 20 days z Aeration power requirements
z Foul and hazardous biogas from 1st stage
¾ Anaerobic stage could be UASB or Anaerobiv
Filter
3
Suspended Growth Process Activated Sludge Process
BLOWER SECONDARY
MEDIA
SCREEN
CLARIFIER
¾ Pros
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
EFFLUENT
z Reliable & proven technology
EFFLUENT
z High quality effluent
AERATION
BASIN z Highly flexible with high-
high-rate variations
RETURN ACTIVATED WASTE ACTIVATED
z Moderate land requirements
SLUDGE (RAS) SLUDGE (WAS)
z Aerobic process; innocuous working environment
¾ Common secondary treatment process
¾ Cons
¾ Several variations available z Complex aeration equipment and pumps
¾ Continuous Feed : Conventional / Step-
Step-feed /BNR / z Skilled operations & maintenance required
Extended Aeration , etc z Effluent dependent on sludge settling characteristics
¾ Batch Feed : Sequential Batch Reactors
¾ Design Basis z High power requirement for aeration
z HRT : Conventional 4-10 hr z High capital and operating costs
Extended Aeration : 16-
16-24 Hrs z High sludge production with short SRT
z SRT : 3 to 20 day
z WAS is difficult to digest
Trickling Filters Trickling Filters

¾ Pros
z Reliable & proven technology
z Good sludge settling properties
z No aeration blowers required
z Moderate power requirements
z Moderate land requirements
¾ Cons
z Primary treatment required
z High head loss; pumping required
¾ BOD load <1 kg/m3/d z Complex distributor arm mechanisms
¾ Several types of plastic media available z Moderate capital and operating costs
z Cross-
Cross-flow z Fly, snail & odour problems
z Random
z High visual impact
¾ Media up to 6 m deep
z Effluent turbidity can be a problem
UASB Process UASB : ( Upflow Anaerobic

Components of UASB Sludge
Blanket )
¾ High rate anaerobic process Digestion Zone

¾ Suspended growth system inlet mechanism
¾ Anaerobic microorganism granulate sludge bed
& settle to form a “Blanket”
sludge blanket
¾ Waste stabilization occurs as
wastewater passes through blanket Gas Liquid Solid Separator
¾ Gas produced offers excellent mixing Settler
of biomass & substrate
4
UASB : ( Upflow Anaerobic UASBs
Sludge Blanket ) ¾ Pros
z Simple, reliable technology
¾ Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors z Produces biogas for electricity generation
¾ 8-hour HRT z Moderate ability to handle changes in influent flows
z Stable biosolids produced; can also stabilize sludge
¾ Relatively long SRT from downstream polishing process
¾ 50 to 70% BOD removal ¾ Cons
z UASB effluent does not meet secondary effluent
¾ Modular process quality standards; further treatment needed to meet
30/50
z Effluent is both odorous , corrosive
z Not suitable if Sulphates in wastewater high
z Inefficient gas collection and usage Biogas is both
odorous and dangerous gas must be scrubbed for H2S
removal prior to use in generators
Need for Polishing Stage Polishing Stage Options

¾ Processes such as UASB and CEPT can achieve ¾ Fixed Film
BOD/TSS removals in the range of 50 to 70%
¾Trickling Filters (TF) / MBBR Downflow
Hanging Sponge (DHS)
¾ Both process need an effluent polishing stage to produce
a 30/50 final effluent ¾ Suspended Growth
¾Activated Sludge
¾ Effluent from UASBs is high in dissolved H2S; effluent
from CEPT is high in soluble BOD ¾ Natural
¾Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs
(WSPs))
¾ Both processes exert a high IOD on the downstream ¾Wetlands
polishing stage
MBBR ( Moving Bed Bio Reactor )

Emerging Technologies
¾MBBR ( Moving Bed Bio Reactor ) There are two main types of aerobic biological
treatment plants:
Activated Sludge – The micro-organisms are living

¾SBR ( Sequential Batch Reactor ) suspended in the wastewater creating flocks and
clusters. To prevent the micro-organisms from being
washed out of the plant and maintain a certain
¾MBR ( Membrane Bio Reactor ) amount of them, they need to be collected and
¾( Not covered – as its very expensive at pumped back into the biological stage.
present Juncture ) Biofilm Plants – In these plants the micro-organisms

are growing on a carrier (rock, plastic, ….), creating a
biofilm. There is no need for sludge recirculation in
these plants.
5
MBBR-Moving Bed
The carrier with biomass
Biofilm Reactor
• The MBBR process is centered around
specially engineered carrier media on
which microorganism reside and form a
biofilm
”a biofilm is a group of micro-organisms
and their extra cellular products,
• The carrier media privides a very large
surface area for the biofilm to form. The attached to a solid surface”
Biofilm provides a high inventory /
concentration of biomass in the reactor
• The high concentration provides a very

efficient and compact process that has a
capacity 3 to 4 times that of a
conventional activated sludge process
• Higher the surface area for the biomass,

more compact the reactor
The MBBR principle The moving bed biofilm process
¾ The technology is based on the biofilm principle, the key component

being the carriers in polyethylene with a density close to that of
water.
¾ The carriers are kept in suspension and continuous movement in
the water by aeration or mechanical mixing.
¾ The carriers are designed to give a large surface area for micro-
organisms to grow on.
¾ The reactor is filled with up to 67% of carriers, which are retained in
the tank by sieves at the reactor outlet.
¾ Diffused air provides O2 for oxidising the organics
¾ Several reactors in series may be used to develop specialized
bacteria in each stage.
MBBR - Main System Components Reduced Land Requirement

Coarse Screen Degritting Fine Screen Primary Clarifier Activated Sludge Tank Secondary Clarifier
Conventional ASP R,AS

Gas
a) Media Generation
Coarse Screen Degritting Fine Screen Primary Clarifier MBBR Secondary Clarifier
d) Reactor
c) Retention MBBR
Gas
Sieves Generation
e) Blowers b) Aeration
MBBR without Primary clarifier
System Gas
Generation
6
Reduced Land Requirement
MBBR process solutions
MBBR as sole biotreatment

Conventional ASP R,AS
Gas
Generation
MBBR as pre-treatment
Coarse Screen Degritting Fine Screen Primary Clarifier MBBR Secondary Clarifier (roughing,before ASP,)
MBBR
Gas
Generation
MBBR as post-treatment
(polishing after UASB)
MBBR in activated
MBBR w/o primary clarifier sludge, (Nitrification)
Gas
Generation
Reduced Land Requirement MBBR - Advantages

Process advantages
- Stable Operation. more tolerant to load variations & shock
Fast recovery after system upsets ( e.g Power failures)
Conventional ASP R,AS - Process specific capacity ( Nitrification, BOD, Denitrification)
Gas
Generation - Compatible with other processes.
- Can be used together with UASB, ASP
Operational advantages
- No Sludge Return ( RAS)
- Better sludge separability
MBBR
Gas - No Sludge Bulking problems
Generation
- Easier Monitoring. No SVI, F/M, WAS, etc monitoring
Coarse Screen Degritting Fine Screen MBBR Secondary Clarifier
Design Advantages
- Very small footprint
- Can easily be installed in existing tanks or basins
MBBR w/o primary clarifer
Gas - Can be expanded by increasing media quantity or with
Generation
additional modules for higher capacity, Nutrient removal ,
Upto 80% reduction in land requirement etc
SBR ( Sequential Batch

MBBR Disadvantages
Reactor )
¾ MBBR is 90 % Technology & 10 % plastic ¾ It is a Suspended Growth Technology -
medias like Activated Sludge – except it is “Batch
Operated”
¾Design Basis not established “ ie it is not a
open source technology” ¾ Batches are
1. Fill
¾Media Costly to very Cheap 2. React
¾Buyer finds it difficult to evaluate various 3. Settle
manufactures of MBBR Media 4. Decant
¾Still an emerging technology 5. Idle ( if flow is less than design )
7
SBRs have five distinct phases SBR Design Basis
\Design of an SBR is complex and requires many

assumptions
1.Assume biological characteristics to get volume of tank
F/M, MLSS, kinetic parameters, SRT e.t.c.
2.Volume of tank determined from biological modeling
Dimensions of tank are assumed
Fill React Settle Decant Idle 3.Depth of basin is assumed
(Anoxic or aerated)
the varying settling velocity of sludge is not

accounted for!
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Time, Min What does this most often lead to ?
SBRs designed without any

Effect of tank depth and sludge considerations to settling qualities of
settling time on SBR performance sludge can lead to ineffective
clarification
24
22
Settle Decant
20
6 m’
Level, ft
4.8 m
4.5 m 18
3.6 m MLSS = 2,800 mg/L
16
Liquid Level
14
Interface Level, Rapidly Settling
Assuming both SBR tanks were designed for 1-hr Interface Level, Slowly Settling
12
settling time
Æ Deeper tank needs higher sludge settling rate (1.5 m /hour) to avoid
10
solids in effluent 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time, Min
Sludge settling velocity is a Guidelines for selecting cycle

function of the MLSS concentration times
¾ Fill phase
ÆTFill,Avg = Average fill time
ÆTFill,Min = Minimum time to fill
Effect of MLSS concentration
¾ React phase
MLSS Æ Biological capacity ÆTReact = Biological reaction time
MLSS Æ Settling velocity Æ Time to Settle
¾ Settle & Decant phases
ÆTSettle = Settling time
ÆTDecant = Decant time
Settling time needs to be incorporated into the ¾ Idle phase
design of SBRs ÆTIdle = Idle time
8
SBR Designs SBR : Pros & Cons
1. MLSS concentration and sludge settling
characteristics should be used to determine the
Pros
settling and decant times ¾ Automated Technology
2. Flow peak should be used to determine the minimum ¾ Minimal Operator Attention
idle time & reactor volumes ¾ Can deliver BOD / TSS < 10 mg/l
¾ Can achieve Nitrification & Denitrification
3. React time should be determined using biological
Cons
modeling
¾ High Costs for Technology
4. Relationship between total number of tanks and cycle ¾ Automation needs skilled manpower
time should be checked for Peak flow ¾ Automation needs reliable & clean electricity
What is Recommended Thank You. Questions?
¾ For Stream Discharge Standards 20 mg/l BOD

¾ Plants of Capacity less than 20 mld -
z Extended Aeration
z MBBR
z SBR
¾ Plants of Capacity more than 20 mld
z Primary Clarifier
z Secondary Treatment Activated Sludge / MBR /. SBR)
z Bio Gas Recovery
z CAPEX is of Importance – then adopt Activated
Sludge : its old proven & reliable
9
Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience
Integrated Water Resource Management : Country

Information
Singapore’s Experience
Singapore
Presented by Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner
Land Area 704 km2
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD Population 4.6 mil
MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT, GOVT. OF INDIA Average Annual Rainfall 2,500 mm
NEW DELHI
Average Water Demand 1.6 mil m3/day
The Blue Map of Singapore
9th April, 2009
National Capital Region Planning Board 1 National Capital Region Planning Board 2 National Capital Region Planning Board 3
Work of Integrated Water Resource Management Water Cycle in Singapore

in Singapore is assigned to Public Utilities Four Sources of Water
Board (PUB) by the Ministry of Environment & Rain Sea • Local catchment
Water Resources, Govt. of Singapore
• Imported water
PUB is a Statutory Board constituted under the
Use • NEWater
ble
Public Utilities Act 2001 to provide integrated t Pota
In direc • Desalinated water
water supply, sewerage and drainage services in
Singapore with the objective to ensure an
efficient, adequate & sustainable supply of Direct Non-
Potable Use
Three Public Participatory Approaches
water to Singapore
• Conserve Water
PUB Manages the Complete Water Cycle from • Value Water
sourcing, collection, purification and supply of • Enjoy Water
drinking water, to treatment of used water and
turning it into NEWater & drainage of storm
water
1
First National Source Local Catchments Waters Local Catchments: Marina Barrage Punggol – Serangoon Reservoir Scheme Serangoon Reservoir
MacRitchie Reservoir
Expanding the First National Source
Punggol Reservoir
Creating a reservoir in the city The 16th and 17th reservoirs
• Urban catchment comprising a seventh of Singapore of Singapore
• Located at the edge of the Central Business District
Protected Punggol
• 3-in-1 function: water storage, flood control, lifestyle attraction
Unprotected Catchment
Catchment Urban • Officially opened by the Prime Minister on 31st Oct 08
Stormwater Kranji Reservoir
Collection
System
Legend
Unprotected Water Catchment
Protected Water Catchment Marina Country

Club
Proposed Water Catchment Pulau Punggol Timor
Bedok Stormwater Pond
o Half of Singapore is already water catchment

Pulau
Gatehouse area Serangoon Cofferdam Site Office
o Catchment area will be increased from half to Proposed Serangoon Reservoir

Proposed Punggol
two-thirds by 2011
Reservoir
Second National Source Third Changi NEWater Plant
Imported Water from Johor Seletar
National
Source
• Two water agreements with Johor, Malaysia
o 1961 to 2011 NEWater
Kranji
o 1962 to 2061
Kranji Expansion
9 mgd Æ 17 mgd Changi
State of Johor, Malaysia
5th NEWater
Plant
Bedok
Legend
NEWater pipeline
PUB pipelines carrying Ulu Pandan
NEWater Plant Bedok Expansion
water from Johor
Service Reservoir 7 mgd Æ 18 mgd
NEWater capacity to meet 30% of Singapore’s water needs by 2011
2
Deep Tunnel Sewerage System Ensures long term sustainability of Singapore’s
Collection of Used Water DTSS
water resources (i.e. NEWater & catchment water)
Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) will be fully completed in 2008
DEEP
DEEP TUNNEL
TUNNEL
DTSS
DTSS ($3.6
($3.6 billion;
billion; with the commissioning of Changi Water Reclamation Plant (CWRP).
2000
2000 to
to 2008)
2008)
Kranji WRP
DTSS ON SCHEDULE FOR
COMPLETION IN 2008
Seletar WRP
Completed in Feb 2005

DTSS Tunnel DTSS Pumps
Kim Chuan WRP

Ulu Pandan WRP
Bedok
Jurong WRP WRP
Changi
WRP
Water Reclamation Plants Progressive

Progressive phasing
phasing out
out of
of used
used water
water
infrastructure
infrastructure with
with DTSS
DTSS
Used
Used water
water pumping
pumping station
station
•• 33 WRPs
WRPs andand 45
45 pump
pump stations
stations will
will be
be phased
phased Basement Pipe Gallery Sludge Dewatering Digesters Sludge Scrapers
out,
out, freeing
freeing 161
161 ha
ha of
of land
land To be completed in 2008
Fourth National Source Conserving Waters Water Demand Management Measures taken for Conservation
Desalinated Water Others
UFW Control Water Conservation Water Pricing 4%

Laundry
19%
To augment and diversify our water resources Sink
Volume-based billing; 22%
Network
Sing Spring Pte. Ltd., under a 20 year DBOO Management Regulatory Mechanism Flushing Cisterns
arrangement with PUB Pricing Wash Basins
16%
10%
Plans to move towards Single Pricing for
One of the largest seawater RO plants Reflect the strategic
importance and Shower
Strict
Measures scarcity value of water
water supply and used water services 29
Leakage
Supply of 30 mgd for 20 years Legislation To Control Control
%
UFW Water Conservation Tax (WCT)

Opened on 13 Sep 05 Domestic Sector Breakdown
Percentage
Water Broad-based Tax levied by the Government to
Accurate
10.0
Metering
Conservation reinforce the water conservation message
9.0
Strategy
180
Per Capita Consumption (lit/day)

8.0 176
7.0
Mandatory Waterborne Fee (WBF) 175
172
6.0
4.4
Voluntary 170
170 170
5.0
3P approach Cut down on excessive Volume-based used water fee 166
165 165 165 165 165
4.0 flow and wastage of water 165
162
3.0 Promote ownership
160
2.0
of water Used water fee 160 158
157
conservation
1.0 155
0.0 It comprises of WBF and Sanitary Appliances
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
1990 2007 Fee (SAF) at $3/sanitary fitting per month.
3
Participatory Approach - Voluntary Measures Participatory Approach - Voluntary Measures Industrial

The 10-Litre Challenge Commercial
Promote water recycling through
Residential Promoting Water Efficient Building (WEB) in Non- Domestic Sector
• Use of Dual Flush Flushing Cisterns made mandatory from July, 2009 1. Use of NEWater (integrated approach)
In order to save 10% of their monthly water consumption in the non-
• Promote Water Volunteer Groups (WVGs) – so far 70 WVGs formed in 40 domestic sector, particularly the commercial sector, the Water Efficient • Supply through a secondary reticulation system
constituencies Buildings are being promoted • Purer water quality for process use, boilers, laundry
• Website Portal developed for water conservation – so far 130,000 hits
• air-con cooling towers
Encourage building owners to take ownership by promoting S.A.V.E.
• Promoting Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS) • further treated to produce Ultra-Pure Water for use in high-end
electronic companies
So far 500 products labelled under WELS. Survey the water usage pattern
It is proposed to mandate for some products from July, 2009 Adjust to efficient flow rates/flush volumes, avoid water leakage and use 2. Water Efficiency Fund
water efficient labelled products.
• Promoting Water Efficient Homes Value the importance of water • To encourage companies to look into efficient ways of managing their
Establish good water conservation practices in the organisation water demand through various water conservation projects such as in-
All 84 constituencies launched with the scheme. So far 40% households
house recycling
installed with water saving device
So far 1200 buildings/premises have been certified as WEB
Glimpses of NEWater Plant
4
1. Ultrafiltration
2. RO
3. UV Disinfection
4. Water Conditioning
4 3 2 1
5
6
Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience
Participatory Approach - Voluntary Measures
Residential
Website Portal
Water Efficiency
> 130,000 hits Labelling Scheme
Water Volunteer Water Efficient Homes
Groups (WVGs) > 500 products
Dual Flush LCFCs labelled under WELS All 84 constituencies
70 WVGs formed in To mandate for some launched with >40%
To mandate in Jul 40 constituencies
2009 products from Jul households installed with
2009 water saving devices
National Capital Region Planning Board 37 National Capital Region Planning Board 38

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ADB TA 7055 IND Component B

Asian Development Bank

This TA is designed in three components: A, B and C. Component B focuses on strengthening the

Besides, this component of the TA will also:

B. About this Workshop

5. Obtain an involvement and commitment from participants to support the present TA

Date and Venue

C. Agenda and Process

• Water Supply Sector Plan for Panipat

• DSS (Decision Support System) Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options

Second Technical lecture on ‘Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore’s Experience

National Capital Region Planning Board

Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process

Activity & Subject Delivered By Time

Experts, Ladies and gentlemen

Present Workshop on Master Plan Preparation Process

The Way forward

 Urban population has grown at about 4% p.a. vis-à-vis 1.5% growth

Urbanization-boom for economy Urbanization : Provides Better Life

Infrastructure Situation Urban Infrastructure: need

Access to safe drinking water  Rakesh Mohan Committee: Rs 28000 Crore

 China is spending appx. 7 times(US$150b/year) as

Urban Infrastructure Situation Urban Infrastructure :Planning

Planning: Population Forecast Urban Infrastructure :Master Plan

Year Population (in lakhs)

Requirements for Master Plan Continued:

Details of existing Infrastructure Demographic history with ward-

Process of M.P. preparation Continued

Prioritise different components of the

AREAS OF DIFFERENT LIMITS

PARTICULARS AREA IN HECTARES

MUNICIPAL LIMIT 1717

CONTROLLED AREA I 6740

CONTROLLED AREA II 22800

MASTER PLAN 2021 7011

Population Growth Panipat Population Projections (2011 – 2041)

Population as per 2001 census is 3,54,148

YEAR POPULATION System Production Capacity

2011 5 Lac 115 TW within Municipal 56.31 MLD

Location of Tube Wells

Ground Water Exploitation status

Total Production Capacity 81.05 MLD Block Exploitation Level

Madlauda 4.57 9.49 4.92

Samalkha 5.16 20.09 14.93

Isarna 3.87 7.43 3.56

Bapoli 5.39 13.01 7.62

Tube Wells, Panipat Industrial Waste flowing in Drains

Water Demand Forecast OBJECTIVES

PROVIDE GOOD QUALITY POTABLE WATER IN

Demand 2041 196 MLD

LOCAL GROUND WATER

DELHI PARALLEL BRANCH CANAL

Munakh Regulator Delhi Link Channel at Munakh Regulator

YAMUNA RIVER Salient Features

Water Treatment Plant 200 MLD

Rehabilitation & Extension of Distribution system

Pumping main pipe lines 593.56

Zonal Reservoirs 640.00

Distribution system 170.63

Water Meters 183.30

Tube Wells Improvement 46.63

Misc. Items 200.00

Physical contingency @10% 275.88

Urban population has grown at about 4% p.a. vis-à-vis 1.5% growth

Access to safe drinking water Rakesh Mohan Committee: Rs 28000 Crore

China is spending appx. 7 times(US$150b/year) as

Waste stabilization process proposed Aerated Lagoons 1.2 Acre/MLD

Existing SPS 4 No40 KW 4 No 40 KW

Retention basins Pavements and drains should always be considered

Hapur - situated in Ghaziabad district - 65 Km from Collection of Secondary Data - Town

Drian No 2 (Choya nallah)

Circular road drain

Delhi Garh road drain.

Utility requirements mechanised, state-of-the-art

Operator Attention & maintenance

Water recovery potential

O&M costs …. aerobic technology to

¾ High rate anaerobic process Digestion Zone