Standard Proctor Test

Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Campus
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
FIELD DENSITY TEST

AND
STANDARD PROCTOR TEST
Submitted by:
Abigail Marie Guerrero
Romel Decenilla
Angelo Mangoba
Jesser Ramses Soller
1
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. TITLE PAGE 1
II. TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
III. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 3
IV. IMPORTANCE 3
V. OBJECTIVES 4
VI. METHODOLOGY 4
VII. OBSERVATION AND COMPUTATION 7
VIII. DATA, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 8
IX. CONCLUSION 9
X. DOCUMENTATION 10
XI. REFERENCES 11
2
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
The dry density of the compacted soil or pavement material is a common measure of the
amount of the compaction achieved during the construction. Knowing the field density test and
field moisture content, the dry is calculated. The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method
of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will
become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. The process is then repeated for
various moisture contents and the dry densities are determined for each.
IMPORTANCE
The basic principle of sand replacement method is to measure the in-situ volume of hole
from which the material was excavated from the weight of sand with known density filling the
hole. The in-situ density of material is given by the weight of the excavated material divided by
the in-situ volume.
The Standard Proctor Test establishes the maximum unit weight that a particular type of
soil can be compacted using a controlled compactive force at an optimum water content.
OBJECTIVES
The Field Density Test determines the field density of soil or the in-situ density of natural
or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders.
The Standard Proctor Test determine the optimal moisture content of a particular soil at
which a give soil type will become densest and achieve its maximum dry density.
3
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
METHODOLOGY (for FDT)

Calibration of Sand Density
1. The volume of the calibrating container was determined from the dimensions of the
container.
2. The sand pouring cylinder was filled with sand within 10mm of its top. The mass of
the cylinder has been determined.
3. The sand pouring cylinder was vertically on vertically on the calibrating container. The
shutter opened to allow the sand run out from the cylinder. The shutter closed when
there is no further movement of the sand in the cylinder.
4. The sand pouring cylinder was lifted from the calibrating container and have been
weighed.
5. Again, the sand pouring cylinder was filled with sand within 10mm of its top.
6. The sand pouring cylinder was placed over a place surface, such the big tray. The
shutter opened. The sand filled the cone of the cylinder. The shutter closed when no
further movement of sand takes place.
7. The sand pouring cylinder removed. The sand left on the big tray collected. The mass
of sand that had filled the cone was determined by weighing the collected sand.
8. The dry density of sand was determined
Measurement of Soil Density

1. An area of about 450 mm square on the surface of the soil mass was exposed. The
surface down to a level surface using a chisel and hammer was trimmed.
2. The metal tray with a hole was placed on the level surface.
3. The soil though the central hole of the tray was excavated by using the hole in the
tray. The depth of the excavated hole should be about 150mm.
4
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
4. All the excavated soil in the metal container was collected and the mass of the soil
was determined. The excavated soil was dried using a denatured alcohol to determine
the water content.
5. The metal tray was removed from the excavated hole.
6. The sand pouring cylinder was filled within 10mm of its top. The mass of the cylinder
was determined.
7. The sand pouring cylinder was placed over the excavated hole. The sand allowed to
run out the cylinder by opening the shutter. The shutter closed when the hole is
completely filled and no further movement of the sand is observed.
8. The sand pouring cylinder was removed from the filled hole. The mass of the cylinder
was determined.
9. A representative sample of the excavated soil was taken. Water content on dry
density were determined.
5
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
Methodology (for SPT)

1. Take sufficient quantity of soil, air dry and pulverize it with a rubber mallet.
2. Sieve the soil through sieve no.10 and use the soil passing the sieve.
3. Take about 5 kg of sieved soil, add water to bring its water content to 10% for the first
trial. Then mix it thoroughly.
4. Clean the mold, measure its diameter and height. Weigh it without the collar.
5. Fit the collar and compact the moist soil in three equal layers by the rammer with
evenly distributed blows to each layer. 25 blows per layer.
6. Remove the collar, trim the compacted soil even with the top of the mold with a
straight steel edge. Clean outside of the mold and base plate and weigh it.
7. Remove the soil from the mold, mix it with the remaining soil in the pan. Add more
water to increase the water content by 2% and repeat the compaction procedure for
each increment of water until the mass of the compacted soil decreases.
8. Plot the compaction curve between water content as abscissa and dry density as
ordinate.
9. Note the water content against the peak of the curve as optimum moisture content
and the corresponding dry density as maximum dry density.
6
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
OBSERVATION AND COMPUTATION

Sand Bulk Density
Volume of Container, m3 4.27x10-3
Sand Mass to fill Container, kg 6.7468
3
Bulk Density of Sand, kg/m 1580.0468
Sand Mass to fill Cone
Mass Jar, Cone & Sand, kg 8.530
Mass Jar, Cone and Sand after filling Cone, kg 7.1661
Mass Sand to fill Cone, kg 1.3639
Density of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method (T 191)
Original Mass Jar, Cone & Sand, kg 8.530
Final Mass Jar, Cone & Sand, kg 4.175
Mass of Sand Used, kg 4.355
Moist Mass, Container & Total Material from hole, kg 4.040
Mass Container, kg 7.5x10-3
Moist Mass, Total Material from hole, kg 4.0325
Wet Mass, Moisture Sample & tin, g 621.4
Mass of tin, g 370.2
Wet Mass Moisture Sample, g 251.2
Dry Mass Moisture Sample % e, g 591.8
Dry Mass Moisture Sample, g 221.6
Moisture Content, % 13.36
Dry Mass of Materials from test hole, kg 3.5573
3
Volume of hole, m 1.893x10-3
Dry Density of Tested Material, kg/m3 1879.1865
3
Lab Dry Density, kg/m
% Compaction
7
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
DATA RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The objective of sand replacement test is to determine the field density of natural using
sand pouring cylinders. The relationship between the dry density with known moisture content
is.
𝜌
𝜌𝑑 =
1+𝜔
𝜌𝑑 = Dry density
𝜌= Density of the excavated soil
𝜔= Moisture content
Dry density (𝜌𝑑 ) of the soil, density (𝜌) of the excavated soil is a bulk density of the soil that we
get from the measurement of the soil density and moisture content (𝜔), is the percentage of
water content of the soil sample that we heated in the oven for 24 hours. If the amount of
moisture content is low, the amount of dry density is high.
There are several errors in the experiment that we must correct. In Measurement of Soil Density,
we make sure that the excavated hole must be equal to the volume of the calibrating container.
While calibrating the bulk density of sand, we make sure that great care has to be taken.
8
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
The apparatus that we need in this test are sand pouring cylinder, tools for excavating holes,
cylindrical calibrating container, metal tray and weighing balance. The different method for the
determination of field density of soils instead of sand replacement method for the determination
of field density of soils instead of sand replacement method such as core cutter method which is
suitable for cohesive soil, rubber balloon method which is like as sand replacement method but
it uses water in this experiment and nuclear gauge method which is the easier way to measure
both bulk and water content of in situ soil.
FOR STANDARD PROCTOR TEST:

Table 1 shows the recorded mass and dimensions of the cylindrical mold that was used for
the computation for its volume:
Measurement of the mold

Mass 3.135 kg
Diameter 4 inches (0.1016 m)
Height 4.125 inches (0.1048 m)
Volume 8.494x10-4 m3
The initial mass of the air dried soil sample that was used in the experiment was 4.829 kg in which
10% moisture was added and was used in the first trial. For each of the succeeding trials, 2% (or
0.09658 kg) moisture was added. Note that the mass of the empty mold is 3.135 kg.
9
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
Trial Mmold + Moist Soil Moist 𝜔 Dry Denisty Dry Unit

Moist soil (kg) Density (kg/m3) Weight
(kg) (kg/m3) (kN/m3)
1 4.9 1.765 2077.937 10% 1889.034 18.531
2 4.945 1.81 2130.916 12% 1902.604 18.665
3 4.96 1.825 2148.575 14% 1884.715 18.489
4 4.92 1.785 2101.483 16% 1811.623 17.772
Next is to present the moist (total) and dry density, and dry unit weight of the compacted soil in
each trial. First to calculate the total density we use the equation:
Where 𝜌𝑚 is the moist density of the compacted specimen in kg/m3, MS is the mass of the moist
compacted soil in kg, and V is the volume of the mold which is equal to 8.494x10-4 m3.
The dry density of the compacted soil sample can be computed using the equation below:
In which 𝜌𝑑 is the dry density of the compacted soils in in kg/m3, 𝜌𝑚 is the moist density of the
compacted soil in kg/m3 shown in Table 4, and 𝜔 is the moisture content of the soil in percent
as shown in the table above.
10
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
Finally, the dry unit weight of the compacted soil sample can now be acquired using this equation:
9.81
𝛾𝑑 = (𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 1)
1000
…………………. TABLE…………..
The optimum water content and the maximum dry unit weight of the soil sample are acquired
through analyzing the curve and getting the coordinate values of the maximum point, which is:
Optimum Moisture Content: 12%
Maximum Dry Unit Weight: 18.665 kN/m3
The main purpose of compacting soils is to reduce subsequent settlement under working loads.
Compaction also increases the shear strength of the soil, reduces voids ratio making it more
difficult for water to flow through soil and prevent the buildup of large water pressures that cause
soil to liquefy during earthquakes. Thus, it is essential to identify the maximum unit weight of the
soil in order to maximize the usages mentioned above through identifying the quantities or
qualities of the factors that affect compaction such as water content, the type of soil being
compacted, and the amount of compactive energy that was used.
11
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
Soil types affect compaction of the soil because of its particle sizes and characteristics. The table
below presents the typical values of maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content
for some common types of soils.
Although the table above presents only typical values which must not be used in design because
soils exhibits great variability, we can still compare the computed values of maximum dry unit
weight of 18.665 kN/m3, and optimum moisture content of 12% to SC or Sandy Clay.
12
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
CONCLUSION
For our conclusion, we strongly conclude that to determine the density of the soil, sand
replacement method must be used in determining the compaction degree of a soil. The degree
of compaction is measured by dry unit weight and depends on the water content and compaction
effort. The factors will affect the compaction and density are nature and type of soil such as sand,
clay, grading or plasticity; water content at the time of compaction, site conditions include with
weather, type of site, layer thickness; and compaction effort.
And for the Standard Proctor Test, it has been concluded that the maximum dry unit weight of
18.665 kN/m3 can be achieved using 12% moisture content. The values attained can be of great
use in construction using the test sample if maximum compaction is wanted in order to support
the maximum load possible. There was no way in order to compute the error of the experiment
and thus it is recommended to perform the experiment more than once in order to provide more
precise and accurate data.
13
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
DOCUMENTATION
For FDT
Removing of soil
Pouring sand from
using chisel the Sand in the hole
cylinder
Weighing soil sample from

Hole
Weighing cylinder
14
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
For SPT
Compacting the
soil in the mould
Sieving for sample using
using a rammer
Sieve no. 10
15
Carig Campus
Tel. No. (078) 304 – 9432
REFERENCES
http://www.prbdb.gov.in/files/Quality%20Control%20Training/Tests%20on%20Soils/Field%20D
ensity%20Test%20by%20Sand%20Replacement%20Method.pdf
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~madhav/expt3.html
http://www.scribd.com/doc/177196267/DETERMINATION-OF-FIELD-DENSITY-OF-SOILS-BY-
SAND-REPLACEMENT-CORE-CUTTER-METHOD
American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM D698: 12 Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-
m/m3)). E-book.
Das, Braja M. Principles of Geotechnical Engineering. Published on 2002. Ebook.
Intelligentcompaction.com. Fundamentals of Compaction . retrieved
www.intelligentcompaction.com/downloads/IC_RelatedDocs/SoilCmpct_Fundam
entals%20of%20Soil%20Compaction.pdf on April 27, 2016.
16

Standard Proctor Test

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Standard Proctor Test

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

FIELD DENSITY TEST

METHODOLOGY (for FDT)

Measurement of Soil Density

Methodology (for SPT)

OBSERVATION AND COMPUTATION

DATA RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

FOR STANDARD PROCTOR TEST:

Measurement of the mold

Trial Mmold + Moist Soil Moist 𝜔 Dry Denisty Dry Unit

Weighing soil sample from

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen