a.

Anilines are used in the rubber industry for the

Intro: Blue jeans - have you ever wondered about the
dye used to give them their color? One of the
chemicals that is used to make the indigo dye used
for our jeans is a substance called aniline.
ANILINE- C6H7N or C6H5NH2
- Anilines are the organic compounds which are
also called as aminobenzene or phenylamine.
- The aniline compounds are said to have the
formula C6H5NH2 wherein the amino group is
supposed to be attached to the Phenyl group.
Synonyms:
Benzenamine
Phenylamine
Aminobenzene
 Physical properties
Aniline is a colourless to brown, oily liquid which
darkens on exposure to air and light. It has a
characteristic amine odour, Hedonic tone; pungent
(detectable at 0.6 to 10 ppm ) and burning taste.
Hygroscopic. Moderately soluble in water. Aniline is
miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, carbon
tetrachloride, acetone, and most organic solvents.
processing of rubber chemicals and products
such as car tyres, balloons, gloves, etc.
b. It is used as a dyeing agent in the manufacture
of clothes such as jeans, etc
c. It is employed in the production of drugs such
as paracetamol, Tylenol, acetaminophen.
d. It is used as a pesticide and fungicides in the
agricultural industry
 Natural Sources:
 Small amounts of aniline may be found in some
foods, such as corn, grains, rhubarb, apples,
beans. Aniline has also been found as a volatile
component of black tea.
 Chemical sources
A. Preparation of aniline from benzene
There are two steps to prepare aniline from benzene.
1. Benzene to nitrobenzene- Benzene reacts with
concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid
on heating about 400C and give nitrobenzene. A -
NO2 group is substituted to the benzene ring.
2. Nitrobenzene to aniline- Aniline is prepared by the
reaction of nitrobenzene and Sn / concentrated HCl /
excess NaOH with nitrobenzene. In this reaction,
nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline salt by Sn /
concentrated HCl. Then aniline is recovered by adding
NaOH.

a. Melting Point: -6.2°C

b. Boiling Point: 184°C
c. Specific Gravity: 1.0217

 Chemical properties
 Hazards
a. Combustible.
b. Darkens on exposure to air and light.
c. The substance is a weak base.
d. Reacts with metals such as sodium, potassium,
and calcium, producing flammable hydrogen
gas.

 Physiological use and chemical use

a. Toxic if swallowed
b. Toxic in contact with skin
c. Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious
eye damage/eye irritation]
d. Toxic if inhaled
e. Suspected of causing genetic defects
f. Suspected of causing cancer
g. Causes damage to organs through prolonged
or repeated exposure
h. Very toxic to aquatic life

 Precaution

a. Follow good hygiene procedures when

handling chemical material
b. Do not eat, drink, smoke or use
products when handling chemical
substance.
c. Follow chemical hygiene plan.
d. Use only in well ventilated areas
e. Avoid splashes or spray in enclosed
areas
f. Avoid open flames, heat sources or
hot surfaces
g. Do not breathe vapour or aerosols.
h. Stor e n a cool location. Provide
ventilation for containers.
i. Store away from oxidizing agents
j. Protect from sunlight