National Power Corporation

Quezon Avenue corner BIR Road

Diliman 1100 Quezon City, Philippines

Infrastructure (Dams)
Preparedness
by
GREGEL B. REDUBLADO
Department Manager
Dams, Reservoirs & Flood Forecasting

PCIERD-DOST
Technical Forum on Climate Change
Hyatt Hotel, Manila ♦ 17 March 2010
 Presentation Outline
Part III. Emergency Preparedness
Part I. Introduction
a. Preventive & warning systems
a. Benefits of dams b. Operation rules & warning procedures
b. Dam owners in the Philippines c. Types of responses
c. The National Power d. Adaptation to rainfall, flooding, and
Corporation (NPC) drought
d. EPIRA e. Systems of communications
e. NPC Dam Safety Program f. Notification flowchart
Part II. Dam Emergencies g. Strategies to address impact of climate
change to dam operation.
a. Types of dam emergencies h. San Roque Dam Emergency Action Plan
b. NPC Dam Emergency (EAP)
Organization i. Angat Dam Sub-area FFWSDO Hotline
c. Reporting dam distress numbers
d. Emergency Conditions/
Response level Part IV. Philippine laws related to
Dam Safety
Part V. Parting Words

2
 I. Introduction
a. Benefits of dams
Domestic Water Supply
La Mesa Dam
(http://frjessie.files.wordpress.c
om)
om

Agricultural/
Industrial Use
(http://www.ndc.gov.ph/images/nia.jpg)

Hydropower

(http://energy-elink.com/files/images)
Flood Control
Pantabangan Dam (NIA))
(NIA)

Water Management
& Regional
Development
Caliraya Dam
Inland Navigation/Recreation Agus 6 (Ma. Cristina Falls) in Iligan C
3
 ANGAT SPILLWAY Angat HEP Dam Benefits
RESERVOIR UMIRAY
FLOOD CONTROL RIVER BASIN

A1 6MW
22 cms A2 6MW Domestic
A3 6MW Water IPO DAM
A4 10MW Supply
A5 18MW 97% OF MM
DOMESTIC
M1 50MW WATER

36 cms M2 50MW LA MESA DAM

Irrigation BUSTOS DAM
M3 50MW
HYDROPOWER M4 50MW
31,000
HECTARES FLOOD CONTROL
BENEFITS IS
MANAGE THRU
THE USE OF
ONE OF THE BENEFITS IN ANGAT SPILLWAY IN
DAM IS ALSO INLAND NAVIGATION. COOPERATION
MWSS EQUIPMENT ARRIVE UMIRAY
WITH PAGASA
PROJECT THRU ANGAT RESERVOIR ANGAT
RIVER

Water allocation is HAGONOY

managed by NWRB

4
 I. Introduction
a. Benefits of dams

Agus 6
(Ma. Cristina
Falls) in
Iligan City

Water Management & Regional Development

5
 I. Introduction
b. Dam Owners in the Philippines
1. National Power
Corporation (NPC):
dams for power generation
2. National Irrigation
Administration
(NIA): for irrigation
3. Metropolitan
Waterworks &
Sewerage System
(MWSS): for domestic
water supply
4. Department of Public
Works & Highways
(DPWH): for flood
control
5. Private mining
firms: for proper
disposal and control of Example of a mine tailings dam
mine tailings
6
 I. Introduction
c. The National Power Corporation (NPC)

• Manages 90% of large

dams in the Philippines.
• Dam construction
period: 1929 to 2000 with
a total of 22 dams
constructed
• Dam type:
Embankment and
concrete gravity
• Oldest dam: Botocan
Dam; concrete gravity;
commissioned in 1930;
height 30.48 m; for
hydropower. San Roque Dam in Pangasinan - earth
core embankment dam; commissioned
in 2003; 200-meter high; multipurpose.

7
 BAKUN
MAGAT

AMBUKLAO
BINGA

SAN ROQUE CASECNAN

PANTABANGAN-
PANTABANGAN-
ANGAT
MASIWAY

BUHI-
BUHI-BARIT

CALIRAYA-
CALIRAYA-LUMOT-
LUMOT- BALONGBONG
BOTOCAN
CAWAYAN

AGUSAN

LOBOC
AMLAN PULANGI
IV

AGUS HEP
COMPLEX
TALOMO

Location map of Philippine Dams 8

 I. Introduction
d. Electric Power Industry
Reform Act (EPIRA) RA 9136
EPIRA Implementing Rules and Regulations
Part IV Privatization of National Power Corporation
Rule 23 Privatization of the Assets of NPC
Section 6 Privatization of Hydroelectric Generation Plants

¾ Privatization of all NPC power generating plants

including hydroelectric plants.
¾ Retention of ownership, management, operation
and maintenance of the non power components
(dam structure and all other appurtenant
facilities) to NPC, PSALM or NIA.
¾ O & M agreement with the private operator to
cover the dam structure & appurtenant facilities.
9
 I. Introduction
e. NPC Dam Safety Program
™ Dam Safety – the art
and science of
ensuring the integrity
and viability of dams
such that they do not
present unacceptable
risks to the public,
property, and the
environment.

10
 I. Introduction
e. NPC Dam Safety Program
Main Activities
1. Inspection:
surveillance
(daily, weekly,
monthly);
semi-annual
inspection
(twice a year);
and periodic
inspection
(once every five
years).

Ambuklao-Binga Inspection and Monitoring Team

11
 I. Introduction
e. NPC Dam Safety Program
Main Activities Groundwater
2. Monitoring and pressure
Assessment: monitoring
instrumentation
(piezometers,
inclinometers, movement
survey monuments), data
management, and
evaluation.

3. Readiness: emergency
action plans (identification,
operation and repair, Seepage
notification, training, monitoring
exercises and coordination).

Movement Survey Monuments (MSM)

12
 II. Dam Emergencies
a. Types of Dam Emergencies

1) Earthquake Occurrence 2) Severe flooding & overtopping

3) Embankment
deformation or
cracking 4) Embankment seepage or piping

13
 II. Dam Emergencies
a. Types of Dam Emergencies

5) Upstream dam failure 6) Severe reservoir landslides

7) Abnormal instrumentation 8) Sabotage

reading 14
 II. Dam Emergencies
b. NPC Dam Emergency Organization

Finance Senior Vice Chairman (Local) /

President Plant Manager DRFFD

DRFFD-
DRFFD-Dams, Reservoirs &
Flood Forecasting Dept.
™ Dams, Reservoirs and
Legal Corporate Environmental Waterways Division (DRWD)
Services Communication Management Assistant
™ Flood Forecasting and
Chairman
Warning System for Dam
(Local)
Operations (FFWSDO)
Task Force

Contingency
Response
Team

Disaster Rescue Communication Medical Evacuation Security Transportation Supply

Control Team Team Team Team Team Team Team

Members Members Members Members Members Members Members Members

15
II. Dam Emergencies
c. Reporting Dam Distress
Before the accident ¾ Report evidence of distress
immediately to the highest
personnel on-duty.

¾ Report it to the Plant Manager if

evaluation of evidence indicates
the need for immediate remedial
action.

¾ Conduct post distress joint

inspection to evaluate damages
After the accident
or changes.

¾ Implement restrictions if the

distress is significant enough to
require operational restrictions.

Accident at Sayano-
Sayano-Shusyenksaya HE
Power Plant in Russia due to sudden
water pressure surge known as “water
hammer.”
hammer.”.
16
 d. Emergency Conditions/Response Level
LEVEL 1 : An emergency exist at the
dam but there’s no immediate threat
to the integrity of the dam.
Emergency Response Agencies to be
on alert and await further advisory.

LEVEL 3 : An
actual dam failure
has occurred or is
most likely to
LEVEL 2 : A developing threat
occur.
to the safety of the dam that Emergency
may pose a significant hazard if Response
conditions worsen. Emergency Agencies
Response Agencies organize initiate
the Response Team at various
evacuation
level and await further
procedures.
advisory.
17
 III. Emergency Preparedness
a. Preventive & Warning Systems

Measures to prevent dam emergency conditions

from developing include the following :
a) State-of-the-art engineering
standards used for design,
construction, operation,
maintenance and surveillance.

b) Maintenance staff who are

skilled and well trained in
operation and maintenance
practices and timely response to
emergencies.
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 III. Emergency Preparedness
b. Operation Rules &
Warning Procedures
Spilling operation in Angat Dam
¾ Flood Operation Rule
¾ Flood Warning Manual
¾ Dam Discharge Warning
Manual
c. Response during darkness
¾ All on-call personnel and senior
management will be notified.
¾ The dam’s principal structures are
equipped with appropriate external
lighting.
¾ Back-up/standby generator and/or
emergency lighting are available at the
main structures, powerhouse, control
room, and other key stations.
¾ Additional floodlights to aid in the
inspection of the generally unlit areas.
19
 III. Emergency Preparedness
c. Response during weekends &
holidays
9 Responsibilities of the
Operator’s staff and
Notification procedure
remains unchanged.
9 The Senior Operator becomes
the EAP Coordinator and the
operations staff on duty will
conduct initial preventive or
mitigative actions.
9 Immediately thereafter, all
on-call personnel and senior
management will be advised
and appropriate response
actions initiated.
c. Adverse Weather Condition
Heavy rains can
cause local flooding
& provincial road
washouts, loss of
normal telephone
service, poor
visibility & difficult
working &
inspection
conditions.
1) Typhoon conditions with high
winds.
2) Storms with intense rainfall.
3) Prolonged rains
* Heavy rains can cause local
flooding and provincial road
washouts, loss of normal
telephone service, poor visibility
and difficult working and
inspection conditions.
20
 III. Emergency Preparedness
c. Response during adverse weather

¾ Dam operators to obtain and

interpret weather forecasts.
¾ Typhoon tracking via satellite.
¾ An appropriate number of the
Operator’s staff to remain on site
during an anticipated major
typhoon.
¾ PAGASA to provide predictive
reservoir inflows.
¾ FFWSDO to provide spillway gate
operation instructions to control
room.
¾ Precipitation, reservoir inflow
and gate operation instructions
are continually monitored and
adjusted before, during and after
the storm event. http://www.typhoon2000.ph/articles/Patsy1970.jpg
21
 III. Emergency Preparedness
d. Adaptation to rainfall/flooding/drought

¾ Enhanced implementation of protection measures

including flood forecasting and warning.
¾ Regulation through planning, legislation and zoning.
¾ Promotion of insurance.
¾ Relocation of vulnerable assets.
¾ Reservoir simulation/ forecast to sustain water
demand during dry period.
¾ Utilize alternative power to hydropower to conserve
water.
¾ Education for sustainable water use.

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 III. Emergency Preparedness
e. Strategies to Address Impact of Climate Change
to Dam Operation

¾ Increase monitoring of
climatologic and water
resource condition.
¾ Improve flood-forecasting to
assess future flood protection
needs.
¾ Assess effects on hydropower
generation.
¾ Improve interaction and
coordination with concerned
agencies and academe.

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 III. Emergency Preparedness
f. Systems of communications

Microwave Stations Warning Stations

Dam and facilities are linked internally and externally by reliable

redundant communication systems, as follows:
1) Telephone lines from the local telephone service provider.
2) VHF radio for onsite communications, satellite and mobile telephone
service to PDCC and the regional OCD.
24
 III. Emergency Preparedness
g. Notification Flowchart
EMERGENCY
CONDITION AT
DAM

PANEL OF OPERATOR OBSERVER

EXPERTS MANAGEMENT

PAGASA NPC DAM

OPERATOR

OFFICE OF OFFICE OF THE DOWNSTREAM

FFWSDO CIVIL DEFENSE GOVERNOR MUNICIPALITIES
(PDCC)

MEDIA OFFICE OF THE

MUNICIPAL
MAYOR

BARANGAY
CAPTAIN

Reference: Emergency Action Plan,

San Roque Dam, Pangasinan GENERAL PUBLIC
Version 1.5, February 2008
25
 Emergency Action Plan
San Roque Dam, Pangasinan
Version 1.5, February 2008) 26
 III. Emergency Preparedness
h. Angat Dam Sub-area FFWSDO hotline
numbers during spilling operations

MUNICIPALITY NUMBER CONTACT PERSON

MPDC/MPDO- Norzagaray, Bulacan (044) 694-0626 Cezyl Nicolas
MPDC/MPDO- Angat, Bulacan (044) 671-1650 Belen Abestros
MPDC/MPDO- Bustos-Bulacan (044) 766-2543 Che Che Pleno
(044) 617-1234 Sec. Bong Bernales
MPDC/MPDO- San Rafael, Bulacan (044) 902-0168 Agustito Mendoza
MAYOR’S OFFICE- Baliuag, Bulacan (044) 673-4059 Michelle Divina
MPDC/MPDO- Baliuag, Bulacan (044) 673-3762 Nemencio de Leon/Benjie Flores
MPDC/MPDO- Plaridel, Bulacan (044) 795-0366 Leonora Bibas/Reynaldo de la Cruz
MPDC/MPDO- Pulilan, Bulacan (044) 795-0128 Efren Miranda
(044) 215-6212 Vice Mayor’s Office
PDCC- Malolos, Bulacan (044) 791-1053 Luz Mungcal
IPO DAM OFFICE Hermie Medrano
PAG-ASA OFFICE 928-2754
AHEPP OFFICE 924-5458
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 III. Emergency Preparedness
i. Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
An EAP is a formal document that
identifies or contains:
¾ potential emergency conditions
at a dam
¾ pre-planned actions to be
followed to minimize property
damage and loss of life
¾ actions the dam owner should
take to moderate or alleviate
the problems at the dam
¾ procedures and information to
assist the dam owner in issuing
early warning and notification
to downstream emergency
management authorities
¾ inundation maps to show the
critical areas for action in case
of an emergency. (Ref: Federal
Emergency Management Agency,
http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/damfa
ilure/fema64.shtm)
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 San Roque Dam EAP General Responsibilities
Government of the Philippines Owner Operator
Agency 1) National Government NPC San Roque Power Corporation
Agencies: NDCC, OCD, (SRPC)
PAGASA
2) Local Government
Agencies: RDCC, PDCC,
MDCC
3) Community Leaders,
Other related agencies
(mandated under PD
1566)
Responsibility ™ Jurisdictional guidance ƒ Provide dispatch ¾ Operate and maintain the
and provision of instructions to San Roque Dam.
organization and Operator for all ¾ Establish Dam Emergency
resources for emergency water releases. Action Plan.
preparedness of ƒ Implement and ¾ Initiate Notification and
communities located maintain FFWSDO provide updates for dam
downstream. and spillway gate related Emergency
™ Initiate and terminate operation Advisories.
emergency instructions instruction. ¾ Terminate emergency
including evaluation ƒ PMC to issue power condition at the Dam
within respective areas of and low level outlet following instructions from
jurisdiction release instructions. GOP.
29
III. Emergency Preparedness
i. Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

Flood Hazard Map

30
 IV. Philippine Laws
Related to Dam Safety
¾ R.A. No. 9136 approved on February 27, 2002 and its
Implementing Rules and Regulations (Part IV, Rule 23, Section
6.d) states: “The NPC and PSALM, or NIA, as the case may be
shall continue to be responsible for the dam structure and all other
appurtenant structures necessary for the safe and reliable operation
of the hydropower plants. The NPC, PSALM, or NIA as the case
may be, shall enter into an operation and maintenance agreement
with the private operator of the power plant to cover the dam
structure and all other appurtenant facilities.”

¾ The Philippine Water Code and its Implementing Rules and

Regulations (Chapter III, Article 63, Rule II, Section 40 as
adopted on June 11, 1979): “Employment of Engineer in Dam
Operations- All operators of storage dams exceeding 10 meters high
or overflow dams exceeding 2 meters high from the stream bed shall
make arrangements for the periodic inspection of said structures
and its operating equipment by a registered civil engineer for the
purpose of identifying conditions which may adversely affect the
safety of these structures and giving advise to the operator on the
proper maintenance and operation thereof.”
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 V. Parting Words…
1. NPC through its Dam Safety Program is committed to operate and maintain its dams
as safely and as effectively possible by means of continuous monitoring, inspection,
evaluation, and emergency response to contingencies and/or emergencies that may
occur.
2. The Philippines does not have any specific dam safety legislation or
administration compared to other countries. Government agencies, private entities
and professional organizations involved in dam planning, construction, operation and
maintenance should endeavor for the enactment of appropriate dam laws and
legislation that will lead to the establishment of a government body devoted to dam
safety.
3. According to the US of Bureau of Reclamation, under “Elements of an Effective Dams
Safety Program,” the importance of dam safety legislation is to establish
Responsibility, Authority, and Funding. There must be support from the public, for
the government Dam Safety Program to get the necessary legislation, funding and
staffing.
4. The enactment of dam safety laws will ensure that all dam owners maintains the dam
in a safe manner. The law can also define inspection requirements, violation
conditions, and actions that the dam-governing body could take if the dam owner
violates the law.
5. Lastly, the public should be educated about the dams in their locality not only for the
benefits but also for appropriate actions during emergencies.
32
Dams, Reservoirs & Flood Forecasting Department
National Power Corporation
T
www.napocor.gov.ph
h
End of Presentation a
n
k
y
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!
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