4282818

Population Statistics of the Ottoman Empire in 1914 and 1919
Author(s): Meir Zamir

Source: Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Jan., 1981), pp. 85-106
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
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Population Statistics of the Ottoman Empire in
1914 and 1919
Meir Zamir
The purpose of this paper is to present, for the benefit of other scholars,
statistical data on the population of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of
the 20th century, as the available information on this subject is rather vague
and insufficient. The figures for 1914 are official Ottoman statistics,' while
those for 1919 were compiled by the British Foreign Office and based on
estimates and analyses of various sources.2 The fact that the two sets of
figures come from different sources is of special interest. Not only does it
enable us to fill in the Ottoman statistics where these are incomplete, but
also to compare them with the British figures and thereby to examine the
accuracy and reliability of the Ottoman data. Such a-comparison is possible
as the British figures also relate to the existing Ottoman administrative
divisions into provinces and districts.
It has been pointed out in two recently published articles that statistics of
the official Ottoman censuses have been largely ignored and are relatively
unknown; but although by no means perfect, they are by far the most
comprehensive and reliable source available concerning the population of
the Empire during the last half-century of its existence. In his article,
Professor Shaw emphasises that the Ottomans did develop a reasonably
efficient system for counting the Empire's population shortly after such
procedures had been introduced in the United States, Great Britain and
France, and he considers the Ottoman system to be no less reliable than any
other contemporary efforts of other countries in Europe.3 Professor Karpat
too, regards the Ottoman statistics as a reliable source for the study of the
Ottoman population, and in assessing the accuracy of the census of 1893, he
estimates its margin of error as 2 to 5 per cent in developed areas and 6 to 10
per cent in remote areas.4
In fact, from 1831 onwards the Ottoman government attached great
importance to the establishment of a system which would provide com-
prehensive and accurate data of the population throughout the Empire.
These data were considered essential not only for the establishment of an
efficient system of conscription and taxation, but also for the whole process
of modernisation of the country which took place during the Tanzimat
reforms. The Ottomans therefore made constant efforts to improve the
accuracy of their census system and in this field, as in others, they readily
adopted new methods from Europe and sought advice from outside experts.
Indeed, by the end of the nineteenth century, an efficient system had been
introduced to record the state of the population. Its attachment to the
identity card system and the obligation of the individual to use them in
dealings with all government departments, made the results far more
comprehensive and accurate.
The statistics for 1914 are of special importance as they present the last
official figures of the Ottoman population before the outbreak of the First

86 MIDDLE EASTERNSTUDIES
World War. They (thus) show the situation not only before the large
movements of population which took place during the War, but also before
various nationalist groups such as the Greeks, Armenians and the Turks
themselves began to use distorted figures to back political claims which arose
after the War. The figures were not based on an overall survey, but involved
modifications of the last census which had taken place in 1905. These
modifications were based on reports sent every three months by the regis-
trar's office of each district via the registrar of the province to the Census
Department in Istanbul. The reports included information on births, deaths,
new registrations and changes of address which had occurred in each district.
The Census Department continually updated its statistics in accordance with
the new figures and at the end of each year new tables were prepared. This
system was closely observed from 1905 onwards and the tables in Appendix
A present the state of the population after nearly nine years of systematic
modification.5 However, they do not include the entire population of the
Empire, as statistics from the provinces of Hedjaz, Yemen, Mosul, Baghdad
and Basra, and from the districts of Zor, Mount Lebanon, Assyr and Medina
were not completed.6
But how accurate and reliable are these figures? The fact that they were
based on the census of 1905, which was the most comprehensive and
accurate conducted in the Ottoman Empire, reinforces their credibility. But
there is a certain element of doubt as to their reliability, as the document in
which they appeared was dated 1919, and was sent by the Ottoman Ministry
for Foreign Affairs to the British High Commissioner in Istanbul in April
that year, while the various nationalist territorial claims were being discus-
sed. The document apparently had a political purpose: to present the
proportion of Moslems, Greeks and Armenians in the population, thereby to
weaken territoriaf claims raised by the Greeks and Armenians. For this
reason the document includes, in addition to the tables in Appendix A, other
tables which compare the percentage of Moslems, Greeks and Armenians of
the total population according to Cuinet's Turquie d'Asie of 1892, the
French Livre Jaune from 1897 and the Ottoman Official Statistics from
1914. Moreover, a note in the document stresses that as its figures present
the situation in 1914 and do not take into account the movements of
Moslem, Greek and Armenian refugees, they are therefore 'in favour of the
non-Moslem elements.'
In spite of these reservations, it seems that the official Ottoman statistics
do reflect the state of the population as it was in 1914 and were not
'adjusted' for political purposes; but this can only be established when the
original figures for 1914 are examined in Turkish archives. The British
themselves held conflicting views as to the accuracy of the Turkish figures.
Some regarded them as inaccurate, while others considered them as 'the best
and most complete of any yet published for Asia Minor'.'
The British figures were prepared at the end of 1919 by the Geographical
Section of the Foreign Office which was seeking reliable data on the size of
the population of the Ottoman Empire. The British suspected that the
statistics they were receiving from various nationalist sources were fre-
quently distorted and they therefore preferred to prepare their own esti-

POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 87
mates. In forming their estimates and analyses, they used, in addition to the
official Ottoman statistics for 1914, Turkish figures for 1917 and data from
Greek and Armenian sources based on information received from the
religiousleaders of the two communities. However, they mainly based their
figureson a report entitled 'Population of Asiatic Turkey at the outbreak of
the War'prepared in 1919 by Professor D. Magie, who was a member of the
American delegation to the Peace Conference in Paris. I have not been able
to see this report, and there is no information in the British documents on
the sources on which Professor Magie based his figures. Nevertheless, the
fact that the British regarded them as 'strictly impartial' and preferred to use
these rather than any other sources, adds to their credibility.8
With regard to the population statistics on Mesopotamia, these are based
on a census taken by the British authorities towards the end of 1919 and can
be considered more accurate. Although the British give figures for the three
Mesopotamian Vilayets of Baghdad, Basra and Mosul, it appears that this
division does not always coincide with the Ottoman administrative division.
Nevertheless, it is still possible to use them to complete the missing Ottoman
figuresfor these provinces.
When comparing the official Ottoman statistics from 1914 with the British
figures from 1919, it is possible to discern in the former a continuous
understatementof the non-Moslem population throughout the Empire. This
is particularly obvious when one compares the figures for the Greek
Orthodox community in the Smyrna district and the Armenians in the
easternprovinces. For the Smyrna district, the British statistics for the Greek
Orthodox are 70 per cent higher than those of the Ottomans (375,000
comparedwith 219,647) and in the Aidin district more than double (44,000
compared with 20,697). However, it seems that the Ottoman statistics for
the Greek Orthodox omit the Hellenic Greeks who were not considered to
be Ottoman citizens. The same disparity appears in the figures for the
Armenians in the provinces of Van, Bitlis, Mamurat al-Aziz, Diarbakir,
Erzeroum and the independent district of Marah, where the British figures
are 62 per cent higher, (847,000 compared with 523,065).
The understatement of the non-Moslem figures appears to be intentional,
but it must be taken into account that many non-Moslems avoided registra-
tion for fear of conscription and taxation. A certain understatement of their
numbersmay therefore already have existed in the census of 1905, in which
religious leaders of the various millets took an active part. In this case, it
would have continued in the figures for the subsequent years. Moreover, the
tendency to avoid registration probably increased after 1908 when non-
Moslems were obliged to serve in the army.
With regard to the statistics for the Moslems, the discrepancies between
the Ottoman and British figures are minimal. In some cases, the British give
lower figures, for example 7 per cent in the province of Angora (818,000
compared with 875,285) and 8 per cent in the province of Trebizon
(848,000 compared with 921,128). In other cases the British figures are
higher: 4 per cent for the province of Sivas (977,000 compared with
939,735). From this comparison it can be concluded that in spite of the
inaccuracyof the official Ottoman statistics, especially with regard to the

non-Moslempopulation,they may still be consideredas a useful sourcefor

the study of the populationduringthe final years of the OttomanEmpire.
NOTES
1. Appendix A: Tableaux indiquant le nombre des divers elements de la population dans

l'Empire Ottoman au 1 Mars 1330 (14 Mars 1914), Constantinople, 14.4.1919, in FO
371/4229, no. 86552, 24.5.1919, from the British High Commissioner in Constantinople to
the Foreign Office. Crown copyright records reproduced by permission of the Controller,
H.M.S.O.
2. Appendix B: Estimate and Analysis of the population of Turkey-in-Asia by Vilayets and
Sanjaks, prepared by the Geographical Section of the Foreign Office, FO 371/4239,
151342/160318, 25.3.1920.
3. Shaw, S. J., 'The Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831-1914', InternationalJournal
of Middle East Studies Vol. 9, no. 3, (August 1978), pp. 325-338.
4. Karpat, K., 'Ottoman Population Records and the Census of 1881/82-1893', International
Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 9, no. 2, (May 1978), pp. 237-274.
5. From 1911 to 1914 the Census Department did not issue annual official figures for the
Empire's population, Karpat, loc. cit., p. 250, note 35.
6. These details are included in the Introduction to the Official Ottoman Statistics of 1914. The
Introduction also describes the procedures by which the 1905 census was compiled, FO
371/4229, no. 86552, 24.5.1919.
7. FO 371/4239, 151342/164676, Memorandum on the population of the Sanjak and city of
Smyrna, Geographical Section of the Foreign Office, 29.12.1919; and 151342/165698, Note
on the present population of Turkey, 12.12.1919.
8. Ibid.

POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE O0TOMAN EMPIRE 89
APPENDIX A
POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 14 MARCH 1914
MUSULMANS GRECS (a) ARMENIENS TOTAL

NOMS DES LOCALITES Aut res
Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor-
ants tion ants tion ants tion e1l'ements
0/00 0/00 0/00
IA VILLE DE STAMBOUL 279,056 721 64,319 196 28,316 73 15,201 386,892
Caza de Makri-Keuy 28,976 617 11,267 270 5,960 127 702 46,896
des Iles des
Princes 1,586 143 8,730 786 658 59 113 11,087
Pera et cote d'Europe
du Bosphore 117,267 449 76, 244 290 31, 381 120 36, 203 261,095
Sandjak d'Uskudar et
c8te d'Asie du
Bosphore 70,447 636 19,863 177 14,189 127 7,144 111,643
Caza deGuebze 26,220 815 5,856 182 47 1 21 32,144

Kartal 8,257 449 6,862 373 3, 216 174 13 18,348
Beykoz 14,466 769 3,708 197 326 17 292 18,792
Schile 14,168 613 8,913 386 - - - 23,081
Total du Vilayet
de Stamboul 560, 434 615 205,762 225 84,093 92 59,689 909,978
Caza du chef-lieu du
VILAYET D'ANDRINOPLE 53, 731 490 36,267 331 4, 536 41 15, 015 109,549
Caza de Moustafa Pacha 11,857 637 6,134 335 - - 568 18,559

Seymenli 4, 594 520 4, 235 478 1 - 10 8,840
Lala Pacha 13,987 881 1,878 118 - - - 15,865
Dimetoka 20,110 438 24,447 532 174 - 1,211 45,942
Ouzoun-Keupru 26,483 648 13,711 335 81 - 581 40,856
Sandjak de Kirkklisse 22, 022 568 14,154 365 - - 2, 586 38,762
Caza de Lule-Bourgas 14, 777 804 3,125 169 64 - 434 18,400

Babai-Atik 16,749 881 2,195 115 - - 48 18,992
Vize 10, 020 710 4,089 286 - - - 14,109
Demir-Keui 4, 023 440 5,110 559 - - - 9,133
Bunar-Hissar 10, 976 778 3,126 221 - - - 14,102
Sandjak de Rodosto 19,484 557 4,618 132 9,256 265 1,566 34,924
Caza de Tchorlou 13, 858 685 3, 415 169 1,678 83 1,251 20,202
Malgara 24,857 588 14,699 344 2,658 62 - 42,214
Hairebolo 19,914 827 3,971 161 193 8 - 24,078
Serai 16,990 892 2, 035 106 1 - 4 19,030
Sandjak de Gallipoli 8,220 292 16,137 573 1,190 42 2,576 28,123
Caza de Keschon 15,221 496 15,371 501 51 1 1 30,644

d'Ipsala 11,296 617 7,007 382 - - - 18, 303
de Scharkeui 5, 604 337 11,009 662 - - - 16,613
Myriophte 2,730 162 14,146 838 - - - 16,876
Enos 5, 523 596 3, 509 377 - - 234 9,266
Adjeabad 7,391 417 10, 292 581 5 - 24 10,712
Total du Vilayet
d'Andrinople 360, 417 571 224, 680 353 19,888 31 26,109 631,094

MUSULMANS GRECS ARMgNIENS TOTAL

ants tion ants tion ants tion ibl'ments
0/00 0/00 0/00
VILAYET D'ADANA 71,617 768 3,175 34 16,850 180 1,575 93,217
Caza de Djihan 16,068 971 110 6 348 21 12 16,538

Kara-Issalou 27,771 999 - - 20 - - 27,791
Yumurtalik 6,694 920 60 8 520 71 - 7,274
Sandjak de Kozan 20, 763 835 - - 4,067 164 - 24,830
Caza de Hadjin 16,972 556 3 - 13,550 443 - 30,525

Fekke 13,170 732 1,789 104 2,940 163 - 17,989
Kars 16,989 932 16 - 1,207 67 - 18,213
Sandjak de Djebe1-
B8r8ket 13,193 944 16 1 759 54 1 13,969
Caza de Deurtt-Yol 15,495 678 280 11 7,046 308 24 22,845

n Islahie 10,927 956 - - 500 43 - 11,427
" Baghtch* Boulanik 14, 643 773 - - 4,291 226 - 18,934
Sandjak de Mersine 27,844 885 2,346 74 900 28 344 31,434
Caza de Tarsus 60,947 927 1,055 16 3,364 51 335 65,701

Total du Vilayet
d'Adana 341,903 831 8,974 21 57,686 140 2,460 411,023
VILAYETDuAIDIN 100,356 475 73,636 349 11,127 52 25,854 211,013
Caza de Pergame 56,812 754 16,841 223 968 12 710 75,331

n
M-Wnmen 21,433 711 8,058 267 146 4 476 30,113
Ourla 9,361 271 24,711 715 42 1 424 34,538
Tchesme 4,539 103 39,073 891 - - 199 43,811
Phoc8se 7,427 324 15,670 675 - - 83 23,180
Quouch-Adasi 11,438 545 9,220 444 114 5 157 20,929
Sivri-Hisar 7,816 746 2,641 252 14 - 4 10,475
Tireh 37,514 877 3,228 75 24 - 1,970 42,736
Baindir 22,622 851 3,655 137 275 10 10 26,561
Eud8mich 71,069 902 6,104 77 1,553 19 12 78,738
Nif 19,658 803 4,876 194 12 - 15 24,561
Kara-Bouroun 8,838 470 9,934 529 - - - 18,772
Sandjak de Magne-sie 86,565 758 22,471 196 2,875 25 2,165 114,076
Caza de Qassaba 32,938 868 3,573 94 447 11 983 37,941

Salihli 28,836 934 1,693 54 91 - 242 30,862
Ala-Chthir 33,467 902 3,359 96 17 - 1 36,844
Qaula 32,022 908 3,228 91 - - - 35,250
Echm8 23,415 998 33 1 - - 7 23,455
n n
Dtmirdji 34,440 995 141 4 9 - - 34,590
"Guerd4s 36,858 973 988 26 - - - 37,846
Qirk-Agatch 18,076 806 3,388 151 919 41 30 22,413
Scna 20,360 907 2,094 93 10 - 11 22,475
Aq-Hisar 31,359 810 6,358 164 514 13 471 38,702
Sandjak duAhldin 82,163 842 9,702 99 304 3 5,326 97,495
Caza de Nazilli 50, 719 931 2,699 49 543 9 493 54,454

Bozdoghan 33,298 987 406 12 11 - 4 33,719
SeukTi 20,028 541 16,720 452 133 - 95 36,976
Tchina 32,376 981 651 19 2 - 30 33,059
Karadja-Sou 18,765 988 221 11 - - - 19,086
Sandjak de Denizli 41,788 933 2,409 53 548 12 35 44,780
Caza de Davos 57,271 999 - - 4 - - 57,275

Tchal 52, 585 998 177 - 15 - - 52,777
Bouladan 30,911 999 24 - 14 - - 30,949
Serai-iKeui 21,068 956 1,041 44 37 - 5 22,151
"Garbi-Qara-Agatch 50,776 999 34 - - - - 50,810
Total du Vilayet
d'Aidin (b) 1,249,067 776 299,097 185 20,766 12 39, 81 2 1, 60 8,74 2

POPULATIONSTATISTICSOF THE OTTOMANEMPIRE 91
MUSULMANS GRECS ARb6NIENS TOTAL
ants tion ants tion ants tion elements
0/00 0/00 0/00
VILAYET D'ALEP 93,976 741 8,945 70 7,940 62 15,815 126,676
Caza d'Alexandrette 14,140 749 2,586 137 1,617 85 532 18,875

Idlip 51,762 981 845 16 84 1 53 52,744
Antioche 78,054 852 7,531 83 5,581 60 371 91,537
Bab 25,359 998 8 - 33 1 1 25,401
Beilan 10,506 319 2 - 2,242 174 66 12,816
Djisr-Chor 26,435 753 1,489 42 6,694 190 488 35,106
Harem 29,967 997 13 - 47 1 17 30,044
DjjbUel-Sema'an 25,138 1,000 - - - - - 25,138
n Ma arat 'e Nanan 20,272 998 27 1 - - - 20,299
" Membidj 2,768 980 - - 31 11 1 2,800
Sandjak d'Aintab 89,769 810 74 - 19,494 175 1,437 110,810
Caza de Killis 78,905 931 434 5 4,700 54 775 84,814

n Roum-Kale 29,269 952 - - 1,023 38 438 30,730
Total du Vilayet
d'Alep 576,320 863 21,954 32 49,486 74 20,030 667,790
VILAYET D'ANGORA 69,066 827 3,327 39 11,246 132 1,026 84,665
Caza d'Ayach 24,986 1,000 - - - - - 24,986

Bala 31,546 999 48 - 11 - 8 31,613
Bey-Bazar 23,931 999 26 - - - - 23,957
Haymana 34,352 993 193 5 138 - - 34,683
Kaledjik 44,064 981 - - 830 18 - 44,894
Nally-Han 16,581 934 4 - 1,103 61 64 17,752
n Yaban-Abad 54,957 999 3 - 9 - - 54,969
Sandjak de TchorouJn 83,150 978 555 6 1,231 14 - 84,936
Caza d'Iskelib 55,016 996 15 - 43 - 113 55,187

Sungurlu 40,501 921 816 18 1,936 28 699 43,952
Osmandjik 31, 824 966 50 1 68 2 - 31, 942
Medjid-Euzi 34,134 962 834 23 485 13 - 35,453
Sandjak de Kir-Ch'ehir 71,647 969 412 5 1,734 24 - 73,793
Caza de Medjour 8,643 1000 - - - - - 8,643

of n Keskine 48,349 910 3,039 54 2,071 35 - 53,459
Medjidie 21,401 997 - - 52 2 - 21,453
Avanes 25, 499 1000 - - - - - 25, 499
Sandjak de Yozgat 77,187 829 2,281 24 13,969 147 - 93,437
Caza d'Ak-dagh Maaden 37,081 760 7,892 161 3,361 67 425 48,759
" Bogazlian 43,370 725 725 12 15,670 262 - 59,785
Total du Vilayet
d'Angora 877,285 920 20,240 21 53,957 56 2,335 953,817

MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS TOTAL

NOMS DES LOCALITES Autres
ants tion ants tion ants tion elments
0/00 0/00 0/00
VILAYET DE BEYROUTH 45,063 505 25,736 288 707 7 17,638 89,144
Caza de Sour 31,653 799 4,651 117 206 5 3,059 39,569

Salda
S 46,472 867 2,670 49 112 2 4,308 53,562
" Merdjiioun 22,296 705 6,448 204 1,133 35 1,719 31,596
Sandjak de Tripoli de
Syrie 50,004 742 10,800 160 74 1 6,491 67,369
Caza de Safita 32,254 862 4,446 118 137 3 579 37,416

d'Akkar 19,920 475 13,244 316 391 9 8,333 41,888
Hasni-el-ekrad 16,477 553 12,329 414 177 5 775 29,758
Sandjak d'Akka 31,800 779 8,275 202 336 8 441 40,852
Caza de Haifa 23,417 775 3,842 126 54 1 2,876 30,189

" Tabaria 8,410 699 394 32 5 - 3,218 12,027
" Safed 22,481 735 2,375 77 26 - 5,679 30,561
of Nasire 11,777 581 5,886 290 367 18 2,218 20,248
Sandjak de Ladikie 46,057 912 3,485 69 566 11 392 50,500
Caza de Merkeb 29,469 861 3,413 99 - - 1,315 34,197

Djebelle 28,586 996 105 3 - - - 28,691
Sahiun 30,626 935 1,537 46 580 17 - 32,743
Sandjak de Nabulus 74,813 974 1,035 13 370 4 546 76,794
Caza de Beni-Saab 35,929 999 18 - - - 4 35,951

of " Djenin 40,780 975 765 18 47 1 226 41,818
Total du Vilayet de
Beyrouth 648,314 785 111,454 135 5,288 6 59,817 824,873
VILAYET DE BITLIS 38,701 665 - - 19,123 328 350 58,174
Caza d'Akhlat 10,190 512 - - 9,708 487 - 19,898

Khizan 11,624 698 - - 5,023 301 - 16,647
Moudik 12,462 751 - - 4,110 248 - 16,572
Sandjak de St66rt 27,649 849 - - 2,630 80 2,324 32,603
Caza d'Erouh 22,677 864 - - 1,890 72 1,668 26,235

Pervari 6,415 673 - - 1,326 139 1,781 9,522
Chirvan 15,181 869 - - 1,169 66 1,109 17,459
Kharzan 14,541 727 - - 4,332 216 1,116 19,989
Sandjak de Guendj 24,467 938 - - 1,603 61 - 26,070
Caza de Tchabaktehour 11,292 938 - - 734 61 - 12,026

n Kalb 15,252 810 - - 3,573 189 - 18,825
Sandjak de Mouch 30,254 454 - - 36,316 545 - 66,570
Caza de Boulanik 16,372 527 - 14,662 472 - 31,034

Sassoun 7,454 533 - - 6,505 466 - 13,959
Malazguerd 30,929 875 - - 4,438 125 - 35,367
Varto 14,539 879 - - 1,990 120 - 16,529
Total du Vilayet de
Bitlis (c) 309,999 708 - - 119,132 272 8,348 437,479

POPULATIONSTATISTICSOF THE OTTOMANEMPIRE 93
NOMS DES LOCALITtS Autres
ants tion ants tion ants tion 'l'ements
0/00 0/00 0/00
VILAYET DE BROUSSE 111,301 753 24,048 162 7,402 50 5,026 147,777
Caza de Ghemlek 16,373 578 8,568 302 3,348 117 - 28,289

Orhan Gazi 11,884 341 - - 28,883 658 - 34,767
Karadj'e bey 25,763 690 9,921 268 1,036 27 574 37,294
Moudania 7,677 304 17,389 687 120 4 53 25,239
Kermasti 56,599 956 1,318 23 1,016 17 184 59,180
Orkhan-ili 47,140 998 44 - 6 - - 47,190
Sandjak d'Ertegreul 59,508 764 9,877 126 8,436 107 52 77,873
Caza de Seuyud 55,223 850 1,982 30 7,958 119 - 65,163

1n6-gueul 56,238 882 34 - 7,326 114 106 63,704
" Yni-Chehir 26,408 886 1,683 56 1,660 55 - 29,751
Total du Vilayet de
Brousse 474,114 769 74,927 121 61,191 99 5,995 616,227
VILAYET DE CASTAMOUNI 67,467 935 2,468 34 2,153 30 - 72,088
Caza d'Inl&boli 80,431 959 3,289 39 167 1 - 83,887

n Zafranboli 59,866 940 3,818 59 - - - 63,684
Tach-Keupru 50,721 970 65 1 1,477 28 - 52,263
Tatai 47,536 994 46 - 310 5 - 47,892
Djid6 41,845 990 388 9 3 - - 42,236
Aratch 41,642 998 53 - 10 - - 41,705
Tessia 29,489 973 680 22 114 3 - 30,283
Sandjak de Kangheri 94,385 982 1,234 12 472 4 - 96,091
Caza de Tscherkech 63,519 998 103 1 10 - - 63,632
Sandjak de Sinop 28,290 842 4,595 136 675 20 8 33,568
Caza de
Boyabad 59,324 947 194 3 3,074 49 - 62,592
Alandjik 42,556 956 1,917 43 3 - - 44,476
Guerz'e 30,231 920 2,108 64 491 14 - 32,830
Total du Vilayet de
Castamouni 737,302 958 20,958 27 8,959 11 8 767,227
VILAYET DE DIARBEKIR 52,285 696 456 6 16,467 219 5,881 75,089
Caza de Lidjs 23,595 821 - - 4,659 162 468 28,722

n Silvan 26,330 630 507 12 13,083 313 1,823 41,743
. Direk 21,189 934 - - 1,128 49 351 22,668
" Btchiri 11,015 685 - - 3,427 213 1,626 16,068
Sandjak de Mardine 51,116 710 12 - 7,895 109 12,946 71,969
Caza de Dj8zireh 17,022 694 - - 358 12 7,158 24,538

" Midiat 42,607 724 - - 1,452 24 14,718 58,777
" Saveur 39,928 942 - - 1,032 24 1,396 42,356
" H
Nousseibin 12,842 755 - - - - 4,164 17,006
Sandjak de Sewerek 50,435 932 - - 2,853 52 774 54,062
Caza de Tschermik 19,226 950 - - 821 40 184 20,231

Viran-Chehr 15,477 876 2 - 1,102 62 1,074 17,655
Sandjak de Maden 71,493 861 958 11 10,559 127 - 83,010
Caza de Palu 37,541 815 - - 8,390 184 - 45,931

Total du Vilayet de
Diarb'ekir (d) 492,101 793 1,935 3 73,226 118 52,563 619,825


ants tion ants tion ants tion el61ments
0/00 0/00 0/00
VILAYET D'ERZEROUM 83,070 697 1,097 9 34,542 290 68 118,777
Caza de Passin 56,403 848 - - 10,046 151 - 66,449

Balburt 64,289 829 1,148 14 12,025 155 - 77,462
Ispir 40,015 931 - - 2,920 68 - 42,935
Terdjan 36,153 823 349 7 7,401 168 - 43,903
n Tortoum 28,320 958 - - 1,223 41 - 29,543
"1 "Keskim 36,122 852 37 - 6,193 146 - 42,352
Kighi 35,572 708 - - 14,609 291 - 50,181
Namervaan 28,684 980 2 - 556 19 14 29,256
Khins 33,525 802 - - 8,229 197 - 41,754
Sandjak d'Erzindjan 53,898 764 275 3 16,291 231 54 70,518
Caza de Polmur 11,755 958 - - 511 41 - 12,266

R'fayet 23,307 897 1,394 53 1,270 48 - 25,972
Kourou-Tchal 11,466 812 - - 2,649 187 - 14,115
Kemah 20,742 796 560 21 4,741 182 - 26,043
Sandjak de Bayazid 20,952 874 2 - 2,619 109 391 23,964
Caza d'Alachguerd 23,368 806 - - 5,624 193 - 28,992

Diadin 19,640 950 - - 904 43 126 20,670
Toutak 23,873 957 - - 1,070 42 - 24,943
Kara-Kilisse 22,142 873 - - 3,195 125 - 25,337
Total du Vilayet
d'Erzeroum 673,297 825 4,864 5 136,618 167 653 815,432
VILAYET des 1Tles de
I'ARCHIPEL 9,015 228 26,676 669 30 1 4,248 39,969
Caza d'Istankeui 3,863 216 13,877 778 1 - 83 17,824

Sumbequi - - 7,936 1000 - - - 7,936
Kaschot 45 9 4,803 990 - - - 4,848
Kerpts 64 7 8,071 992 - - 2 8,137
Castellerizze 398 48 7,736 951 - - - 8,134
Sandjak de Chie 2,228 32 66,020 905 29 - 414 68,691
Caza de Kariot 77 5 12,907 994 4 - 2 12,990

Kalimnos 50 3 12,970 996 7 - - 13,027
Leros 92 13 6,952 985 - - 22 7,066
Sandjak de Lemnos 2,292 87 23,877 911 2 - 66 26,237
Caza d'Imbros 92 11 7,997 988 - - - 8,089

n T6n6dos 1,421 285 3,538 713 9 - 1 4,969
Sandjak de Mfetelin 6,826 119 50,467 879 35 - 53 57,381
Caza de Plomari 807 312 24,999 687 1 - - 25,807

Total du Vilayet des
tles de l'Archipel 37,601 104 316,841 853 140 - 4,892 359,474

POPULATIONSTATISTICSOF THE OITOMAN EMPIRE 95
ants tion ants tion ants tion 12Lcments
0/00 0/00 0/00
VILAYET DE KONIA 101,880 910 6,619 59 3,435 30 4 111,938
Caza d'Ak-Cheir 57,234 886 2,266 35 4,890 75 213 64,603

Bei-Ch8ilr 41,596 964 122 29 33 7 - 41,751
Seidi-Chtir 22,946 993 26 1 129 5 - 23,101
Ilgin 31,932 976 705 21 103 3 - 32,740
Bosghir 55,115 953 272 47 - - - 55,387
Karamnan 55,237 968 567 9 1,245 21 - 57,049
Eregli 29,102 952 567 18 888 29 4 30,561
Sultanie 20,640 - - - - - - 20,640
Kotch-Hissar 35,177 993 209 5 14 - - 35,400
Ermenek 29,424 - 1 - 2 - - 29,427
Said-ili 39,979 - - - 4 - - 39,983
Sandjak de Bourdour 54,032 931 2,783 47 1,324 22 - 58,139
Caza de Teleni 27,671 995 86 3 24 - - 27,781
Sandjak d'Isparta 46,698 857 6,648 122 1,119 20 - 54,465
Caza de Ouloubourlou 19,367 937 1,278 61 5 - - 20,650

n n - - -
Eghirdir 27,020 900 2,982 99 30,002
Kara-agatch 25,743 - 10 - - - - 25,753
Yalovatch 29,919 - 9 - 10 - - 29,938
Total du Vilayet de
Konia 750,712 951 25,150 31 13,225 17 221 789,308
Caza de chef-lieu du
VILAYET DE MAMOURET-
UL-AZIZ 56,365 654 23 - 29,048 337 726 86,162
Caza de Kharpout 22,541 693 - - 9,172 282 806 32,549

" Eghine 32,610 757 636 14 9,888 228 36 43,170
to Arabkir - -
" 24,194 705 1 10,091 294 34,286
KE-ban-Maaden 23,944 982 37 1 377 15 - 24,358
P'turk'e 34,166 959 - - 679 21 777 35,622
Sandjak de Malatia 57,726 842 - - 8,214 124 203 66,143
Caza de BEhesni 42,282 955 - - 1,970 44 - 44,252

Hasni-Mansour 34,154 900 - - 3,384 89 411 37,949
Kiahd' 16,434 953 - - 750 43 54 17,238
AktchB-Dagh 35,987 987 - - 466 12 - 36,453
Sandjak de Dersim 11,874 911 - - 1,151 88 - 13,025
Caza de Tchemich-Kesek 16,181 791 267 13 3,987 195 - 20,435

Tcharsandjak 12,157 631 - - 7,105 368 - 19,262
Ovadjik 4,165 997 - - 10 2 - 4,175
Nazimie 7,276 986 7 - 89 12 - 7,372
Mazguerd 14,323 906 - - 1,483 93 - 15,806
Total du Vilayet de
Mamouret-ul-Aziz (e) 446,379 829 971 1 87,864 163 3,013 538,227

MUSULMANS GRECS ARMrENIENS TOTAL

NOMS DES LOCALII'fES Autres
ants tion ants tion ants tion 'eleents
0/00 0/00 0/00
VILAYET DE SIVAS 54,819 671 728 8 26,076 319 - 81,623
Caza de Tunous 40,868 749 - - 13,694 250 - 54,562

Hafik 40,076 778 21 - 11,376 221 - 51,473
Derend6 26,518 902 - - 2,862 97 - 29,380
Divrigh 30,630 785 - - 8,354 214 - 38,984
Azizie 50,344 978 8 - 1,102 21 - 51,454
Kangal 29,212 903 - - 3,111 96 - 32,323
Kotchkiri 47,203 794 6,112 162 6,056 102 - 59,371
Gurun 15,640 637 - - 8,905 363 - 24,545
Yildiz-ili 39,239 952 569 13 1,379 33 - 41,187
Sandjak d'Amassia 53,123 804 2,679 40 9,979 151 217 65,998
Caza de Khavza 17,475 680 7,869 306 335 12 - 25,679

Keupru 41,853 869 4,755 98 1,359 27 283 48,250
Gumuch-Hadj i-
Keui 24,957 771 3,660 113 3,722 115 - 32,339
Merzifon 25,370 688 1,067 29 9,726 261 710 36,873
Ladik 15,861 750 4,920 232 343 16 - 21,124
Sandjak de Tokat 90,125 836 3,997 38 12,925 118 709 107,756
Caza d'Erbaa 50,895 811 7,922 126 3,704 59 169 62,690

Zileh 69,328 954 154 - 2,921 40 268 72,671
Niksar 22,843 741 4,815 156 3,183 103 24 30,865
Rechadi'e 25,660 969 811 30 - - - 26,471
Sandjak de Kara-
Hissar-Charki 26,379 511 16,383 317 8,494 164 330 51,586
Caza d'Aloudjera 30,737 978 692 22 30 - - 31,459

" Messoudi* 26,510 817 5,264 162 664 23 - 32,438
Sou-ch8iri 22,871 637 2,040 51 11,337 312 - 36,248
Koila-Hissar 21,199 959 858 38 37 2 - 22,094
Total du Vilayet de
Sivas 939,735 803 75,324 64 151,674 129 2,710 1,169,443
VILAYET DE SYRIE 197,507 887 12,851 57 781 2 11,485 222,624
Caza de Baalbek 18,667 740 4,857 193 20 - 1,553 25,097

Buka-el-Aziz 19,113 651 7,664 291 34 1 2,528 29,339
Zebdani 14,329 894 1,601 99 82 5 7 16,019
Vadie-el-Adjem 13,528 833 2,331 141 56 3 383 16,298
Hasbia 5,063 331 4,549 298 351 23 5,291 15,254
Rachia 5,407 561 3,566 370 62 6 594 9,629
Keun'ei tir'e 33,534 960 1,068 30 142 4 172 34,916
Douma 35,350 921 3,008 78 - 1 - 38,358
Nebk 40,139 866 5,602 120 108 2 495 46,344
Sandjak de Hauran 27,274 984 436 15 - - - 27,710
Caza d'Ezra'a 28,196 953 1,376 46 - - - 29,572

Mismie 7,802 567 2,995 217 - - 2,960 13,757
Basr-eski-Scham 22,485 853 3,690 140 180 6 - 26,355
Sueda 23,800 963 900 36 - - - 24,700
Adjlun 57,156 922 4,749 76 - - 62 61,967
Sandjak de Kerek 18,550 903 1, 655 80 - - 317 20, 522
Caza de Tafile 7, 665 999 4 - - - - 7, 66 9

Ma'an 6, 012 1000 - - - - - 6,012
Salt 33, 496 840 4,387 109 379 8 1, 733 39,995
Sandjak de Hama 64,225 875 8,270 112 332 6 501 73,328
Caza d'Imrani(? 21, 838 937 1, 508 56 - - 141 26,487

Selimi6 19,859 1000 - - - - - 19,859
Homs 67,587 780 11,573 134 6 - 7,432 86,598
Total du Vilayet de 7
Syrie 791,582 86 1 88,640 96 2 ,53 3 2 3 5, 654 918,409

POPULATIONSTATISTICSOF THE OITOMAN EMPIRE 97
ants tion ants tion ants tion elements
0/00 0/00 0/00
VILAYET DE TREBIZONDE 64,726 617 23,806 227 16,318 155 8 104,858
Caza d'Ordou 111,421 776 18,505 128 13,565 94 - 143,491

Of 75,050 976 1,819 23 - - - 76,869
Aktch6-Abad 56,401 849 6,561 98 3,517 52 - 66,479
Tireboli 48,999 809 10,530 179 868 16 - 60,397
Surmen'eh 57,698 853 9,762 144 323 2 - 67,783
K'rassunde 92,301 777 24,138 203 2,275 19 - 118,714
Gu8r'186 42, 823 956 1,648 36 312 7 - 44,783
Vakfi-K8bir 28, 484 997 13 - 51 1 - 28, 548
Matchka 17,950 472 19,575 518 258 9 - 37,783
Sandjak de Lazistan 122,055 987 1,507 12 5 - - 123,560
Caza d'Atina 50,297 996 171 3 28 - - 50,496

" Hoppg 38,156 998 44 1 2 - - 38,202
Sandjak de Gumuch-Hant 29, 639 729 9,179 225 1,817 44 - 40, 635
Caza de Toroul 29,686 492 30, 547 506 24 - - 60,257

Chira 22, 312 862 3,155 122 392 15 - 25, 859
Kelkit 33,130 968 614 17 482 14 - 34,226
Total du Vilayet de
Trtbizonde 921,128 820 161,574 143 40,237 36 8 1,122,947
VILAYET DE VAN 45,119 565 - - 33,789 423 828 79,736
Caza d'Ardjech 27,323 771 - - 8,083 228 - 35,406

Chatak 8,132 639 - - 4,292 337 293 12,717
Adil-Dj6vaz 10, 820 690 - - 4,849 309 - 15,669
Kiavach 18,123 632 - - 10,520 367 - 28,643
Sandjak de Hekkiari 21,848 789 1 - 3,461 125 2,370 27,680
Caza de Djulamerk 7,450 827 - - 296 32 1,258 9,004

" Mahmoudi 10,230 789 - - 528 40 2,201 12,959
* Chemdinan 9, 873 840 - - - - 1, 867 11,740
" Gh9ver 12,771 756 - - 959 56 3,151 16,881
" Hoschab 7, 691 883 - - 1,015 116 - 8, 706
Total du Vilayet de
Van (f) 179, 380 691 1 - 67, 792 261 11,968 259,141
Ca-za du chef-lieu du
Sandjak d'Adalia 70,165 895 7,837 100 141 1 174 78,317
Caza d'Elmali 25,081 955 325 12 484 19 336 26,226

Alal'e 32,390 943 1,877 54 - - 47 34,314
Akss'eky 34,384 998 65 1 - - - 34,449
Kach 19,210 949 1,028 50 5 - - 20, 243
Manavghat 19,411 996 56 3 - - - 19,467
Kourkoude-Ily 23,534 1000 - - - - - 23,534
Ph6nike 11,587 882 1,197 91 - - 352 13,136
Total du Sandjak
d'Adalia 235,762 944 12,385 49 630 2 909 249,686
Sandjak de Bolou 53, 594 977 14 - 1, 227 22 - 54, 83 5
Caza d'H?racl9e 42,059 967 1,389 31 - - - 43,448

Bartin 64,395 977 1,104 16 401 6 3 65,903
Gusr6d6 50,423 998 45 - 19 - - 50, 487
Gueuinuk 19,075 994 2 - - - 99 19,176
Duzdje 58, 041 964 1,013 16 392 6 753 60,199
Devrek 53,336 980 404 7 670 12 - 54,410
Mudurni 29,818 987 - - - - 364 30,182
Zongouldak 28,540 951 1,180 39 263 8 25 30,008
Total du Sandjak de
Bolou 399,281 977 5,151 12 2,972 7 1,244 408,648
Sandjak de Djanik 44,992 429 54,709 521 5,315 45 28 105,044
Caza d'Unie 58,351 839 5,251 75 5,861 84 9 69,472

Bafra 48,944 600 30,838 378 1,735 21 - 81,517
Fatsa 35,678 884 3,026 75 1,635 40 - 40,339
Tscharchamba 54,353 779 3,948 56 11,429 164 - 69,730
Term'e 23, 632 868 967 35 2, 601 95 - 27,200
Total du Sandjak de
Djanik 265,950 676 98,739 251 28,576 72 37 393,302


ants tion ants tion ants tion 1!lments
0/00 0/00 0/00
Sandjak d'Eskicheir 83,883 919 2,613 28 4,510 49 194 91,200
Caza de Siwrihissar 33, 328 883 - - 4,185 110 206 37, 719
"1 if Mihalitschdjik 23,367 981 - - 112 4 328 23,807
Total du Sandjak
d'Eskiche-ir 140,578 920 2,613 17 8,807 57 728 152,726
Sandjak d'Ismidt 40,403 566 5,226 73 25,399 355 321 71,349
Caza d'Ada-Bazar 76,864 753 7,957 74 17,117 167 113 102,051

Kara-Mursel 14,850 631 6,047 256 2,635 111 15 23,547
Kandtrls 40,495 943 1,804 42 641 14 4 42,944
Gueive 32,508 674 7,108 147 8,567 177 4 48,187
Yalova 7,954 369 10,274 477 3,304 153 - 21, 532
Iznik 13,785 887 1,632 104 126 8 - 15,543
Total du Sandjak
d'Ismidt 226,859 697 40,048 123 57,789 177 457 325,153
Sandjak d Itch-il 34,628 957 1,210 33 334 9 - 36,172
Caza d 'Anamour 31, 768 977 725 22 - - 9 32, 502

Gulnar 20,668 974 463 21 7 - 74 21,212
Mouth 14,970 977 109 7 - - 229 15,308
Total du Sandjak
d'Itch-il 102,034 969 2,507 23 341 3 312 105,194
Sandjak de J6erusalem 70,270 581 20,250 167 2,646 21 27,755 120,921
Caza de Yaffa 62,758 869 5,865 80 386 5 3,197 72,206

"1 "1 Ghazza 77,296 983 1,006 12 11 - 284 78,597
" " Halil Errahman 55, 720 987 - - - 724 56,444
Total du Sandjak de
J16rusalem 266,044 810 27,121 85 3,043 9 31,960 328,168
Sandjak de Kalseri
(C'6sar ee) 101,924 658 19,662 127 33,232 214 - 154,818
Caza de Develi 30,948 633 2,085 24 16,095 342 - 49,128

n of Indj6-Sou 14,559 794 3,773 205 - - - 18,332
"1 ". Bunyan Hamid 36,861 903 1,070 26 2,865 70 - 40,796
Total du Sandjak de
Kaiseri 184,292 700 26,590 101 52,192 198 - 263,074
Sandjak de KalLsi-Sultanie
(Dardanelles) 13,596 611 4,367 195 1,328 59 2,961 22,252
Caza d'Ezine 15,801 912 486 28 700 40 338 17,325

" A'ivadjik 17,089 999 - - 5 - 1 17,095
Biramistch 20,614 970 290 16 56 2 270 21,230
Bigha 65,242 959 2,243 32 409 6 103 67,997
Lapski 17,561 881 1,164 58 43 2 1,148 19,916
Total du Sandjak de
Kalei-Sultanis 149,903 904 8,550 51 2,541 15 4,821 165,815
Sandjak de Kara-Hissar-
Sahib 97,547 930 59 - 7,174 68 7 104,787
Caza de Queiquler-Dinar 37,496 987 327 8 65 2 74 37,962

Bulvadin 39,618 999 3 - 8 - - 39,629
Sandikly 37,165 999 7 - 33 - - 37,205
Azizie 44,097 994 151 3 123 2 - 44,371
Tchivril 21,736 998 85 - 45 - - 21,866
Total du Sandjak de
Kara-Hissar-Sahib 277,659 971 632 2 7,448 26 81 285,820

POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE 0ITOMAN EMPIRE 99
MUSULMANS GRECS ARMEN IE NS TOTAL
ants tion ants tion ants tion !l61ments
0/00 0/00 0/00
Sandjak de Karrassi 156,092 965 2,655 16 2,966 18 31 161,744
Caza d'Edr6rmit 30,846 759 9,699 238 41 1 40 40,626

Erdek 15,232 319 31, 035 651 1,094 22 305 47,666
Aivalik 454 12 31,440 985 - - - 31,894
Balie 33,680 824 3,266 79 298 7 3,650 40,894
Panderma 41,146 692 11,507 193 4,189 70 2,583 59,425
Burhanit 20, 280 816 4, 514 181 43 1 14 24,851
Sandirghi 27, 095 959 1,130 40 20 - 2 28,247
Gunan 34, 979 929 2, 251 59 53 1 340 37, 623
Total du Sandjak de
Karassi 359,804 760 97,497 206 8,704 18 6,965 472,970
Sandjak de Kutahia 136,164 936 5,587 38 3,449 23 243 145,443
Caza de Ghedos 38,256 1000 - - - - - 38,256

Ouchak 88, 626 956 2, 957 31 1,099 11 - 92,682
S6mav 40,302 994 211 5 - - - 40, 513
Total du Sandjak de
Kutahia 303, 348 957 8, 755 27 4, 548 14 243 316,894
Sandjak de Marache 50,356 981 34 - 22,040 298 1,443 73,873
Caza de
Pazardjik 23,868 998 - - 37 1 - 23,905
n Elbistan 47,395 959 - - 2,017 40 - 49,612
"Zeitoun Sule-imanli 8,069 429 - - 10,718 570 - 18,787
" Gueuksun 22,757 862 - - 3,621 137 - 26,378
Total du Sandjak de
Marache 152,645 792 34 - 38,433 199 1,443 192,555
Sandjak de Ment'eche 61,576 968 2,008 31 4 - 1 63, 589
Caza de Marmaris 15,040 874 2,082 121 - - 73 17,195

Keu1dj&is 23,716 941 727 29 5 - 524 24,972
Feth1 36, 734 828 7,394 166 - - 217 44,345
Bodroum 15,468 784 4,042 205 3 - 203 19,716
Milas 36,382 886 3,670 89 - - 1,005 41,057
Total du Sandjak de
Menttche 188,916 895 19, 923 94 12 - 2, 023 210, 874
Sandjak de Nigd6 52,754 657 26,156 326 1,286 16 - 80,196
Caza de Nev-chehr 38,146 758 10,935 217 1,202 23 - 50,283

Urgub 26,671 765 7,953 228 196 5 - 34, 820
Ak-Serai 59,010 897 4,551 69 2,091 31 - 65,652
Bor 22, 924 910 1,442 57 803 31 - 25,169
Oulou-Kichla 11,807 821 2,475 171 115 7 - 14,397
Arabsson 15,788 766 4,800 233 12 - - 20,600
Total du Sandjak de
Nigd6 227,100 781 58,312 200 5,705 19 - 291,117
Sandjak d'Ourfa 69,526 777 - - 16,676 186 3,184 89,386
Caza de Biredjik 27,085 943 - - 1,587 55 48 28,720

Rika 14,638 999 2 - 12 - - 14, 652
Souroudj 26,824 996 - - 95 3 - 26,919
Harran 11,311 1000 - - - - - 11,311
Total du Sandjak
d'Ourfa 149,384 873 2 - 18,370 107 3,232 170,988
Sandjak de Tchataldja 13,034 432 16,984 563 44 1 103 30,165
Caza de
Buyuk-Tchekm6dj'e 3,255 248 9,511 724 17 1 338 13,121
n 11 Silivrie 3,759 228 10,302 625 781 47 1,628 16,470
Total du Sandjak de
Tchataldja 20,048 335 36,797 617 842 14 2,069 59,756
Sandjak de Zor 43, 645 988 45 4 283 6 192 44,165
Caza de Raes-ul-A;n 2,667 999 - - - - 4 2,671

" " Achara 19,458 1000 - - - - - 19,458
Total du Sandjak de
Zor 65, 770 992 45 - 283 3 196 66, 294

SUMMARYOF POPULATIONSTATISTICSABOVE
MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS 1SRAtLITES BULGARES SYRIENS

NOMS
Hbtnsproportion proportion proportion proportion prprion Hbtnsproportion
Habitants Habitants Habitants ,, Habitants ,~Hb~I rp ,~Habiabitantan s
La Ville de Stamboul 560,44 615 205,762 225 64,093 92 52,126 57 3,339 3 562 -
VilayetldAndrinople 360,417 571 224,680 355 19,888 31 22,515 35 2,502 3 - -
d'Adana 341,903 831 8,974 21 37,686 140 66 - - - 1,512 3
d'Aidin 1,249,067 776 299,097 185 20,766 12 35,041 21 169 - 2 -
dAlcp 576,320 863 21,954 32 49,486 74 12,193 18 1,956 2 2,956 4
d'Angora 077,285 920 20,240 21 53,957 56 1,026 1 58 -
derBeirout 640,314 785 111,454 135 5,280 6 15,052 18 1 - 491 -
de Bitlis 309,999 708 - - 119,132 272 - - - - 3.992 9
derBrousse 474,114 769 74,927 121 61,191 99 4,126 b6 -
derCastamoani 737,302 920 20,958 64 8,959 14 8 - - - -
derDiarb6kir 492,101 793 1.935 3 73,226 118 2,0865 3 - - 42,109 67
d'Erz6rouin 673,297 825 4,864 5 130,618 167 10 - - - 88 -
derKonia 730,712 951 25,150 31 13,225 17 4 - - - -
derMamnouret-ul-Aziz 446,379 829 971 1 87,864 163 - - - - 2,234 4
drOSivas 939,735 803 75,324 64 151,674 129 344 - - - 3 -
de Syrie 791,582 861 88,640 86 2,533 2 10,140 11 - - 8,656 9
derTrdbizonndr 921,128 820 361,574 143 40,237 36 8- - - -
do Van 179,309 691 1 - 67,792 261 1,383 35
Sandjakd'Adalia 235,762 944 12,305 49 630 2 250 1 38 - - -
drOBoli 399,281 977 5,151 12 2,972 _7 20 - 6 - I -
drODjanik 265,930 676 98,739 251 28,576 72 27 - - - - -
d'Eski-Chrhr 140,578 920 2,613 17 8,807 57 728 4 - - - -
d'Ismiti 226,859 697 40,048 123 57,789 177 428 1 8 - 3 -
d'Itsch-ili 102,034 869 2,307 23 341 3 10 -- - - - -
diO4rusairm 266,044 810 27,121 85 3,043 9 21,259 63 - - 427 1
derKalsari 184,292 7(00 26,599) 101 52,192. 198 - - - - - -
derKal6i Sullanir 149,9113 906 8,550 51 2,541 15 9,642 21 1,997 6 -
derKara-Hissar-Sahib 277,659 671 632 2 7,448 28 7 - - - - -
de Karassi 359,804 760 97,497 206 8,704 18 302 - 5,438 11 - -
de Kuahaieh 303,348 957 8,755 27 4,540 14 - - - - - -- -
de Marache 152,645 792 34 - 38,433 199 251 1 - - - -
derMentesch0 188,916 895 19,923 94 12 - 1,615 7 8 - - -
derNigdrb 227,188 781 58,312 288 5,705 19 - - - - - -
d'Ourfa 149,388 873 2 - 18,370 107 865 5 - - 2,328 13
deTschataidja 20,888 335 36,797 617 842 14 1,480 24 338 5 - -
de Zor 65,77(1 992 45 - 283 3 2 - - - 141 2
Total 15,884,846 812 1,792,206(1) 96 1,294,851 69 187,973 10 14,9088 65,505 3

POPULATIONSTATISTICSOF THE O0JOMAN EMPIRE 101
NOTES TO APPENDIX A
(a) Greek Orthodox.
(b) The Turkish figures for this province for 1917 were: 1,293,527 Moslems, 233,914 Greek
Orthodox, 36,750 Jews, 21,194 Armenians, 3,611 Others. Total: 1,588,996. FO 371/4229
no. 86552, 24.5.1919.
(c) This province contains nomadic tribes and Kurds who were not included in the official
statistics. A separate table gives their number as 92,999 which should be added to the
Moslems.
(d) See note c above; the figure of 196,840 should be added to the Moslems.
(e) See note c: the figure of 107,644 should be added to the Moslems.
(f) See note c: the figure of 122,370 should be added to the Moslems and 33,909 to the
Nestorians and 2,122 to 'others'.
(g) This total also includes 62,468 Greek Catholics.
ERRATA
Page 90, line 13 has been omitted. It should read:
Caza de Hassa 8,810 852 34 3 1,324 128 169 10,337
Page 94, second line from bottom has been omitted. It should read:
Caza de Molivo 10,331 213 38,015 785 22 - 1 48,369

APPENDIX B
POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Administrative Units Moslems Greeks Armenians Jews
Vilayet of Adana
Sanjak of Adana 165,000 20,000 35,000
Sanjak of Jebbel Bereket 60,000 10,000
Sanjak of Kozan 65,000 30,000
Total 290,000 20,000 75,000
Vilayet of Aidin
Sanjak of Smyrna 325,000 375,000 18,000 40,000
Sanjak of Aidin 218,000 44,000 1,000
Sanjak of Serukhan 350,000 95,000 7,000 12,000
Sanjak of Denizli 247,000 4,000 1,000
Total 1,140,000 518,000b 27,000 52,000
Vilayet of Angora
Sanjak of Angora 295,000 3,000 15,000
Sanjak of Yozgat 156,000 14,700 37,000
Sanjak of Churum 199,000 1,500 4,000
Sanjak of Kyrshehir 168,000 3,800 4,000
Total 818,000 23,000 60,000
Vilayet of Brussa
Sanjak of Brussa 275,000 90,000 57,000
Sanjak of Ertogrul 207,000 28,000 18,000
Total 482,000 118,000 75,000

Administrative Units Moslems Greeks Armenians Jews
Vilayet of Kastamuni
Sanjakof Kastamuni 388,000 9,000 6,000
Sanjakof Kangheri 158,000 1,000 4,000
Sanjakof Sinop 140,000 18,000 1,000
Total 686,000 28,000 11,000
Vilayet of Konia
Sanjakof Konia 400,000 15,000 14,000
Sanjakof Bourdur 160,000 4,000 2,000
Sanjakof Isparta 185,000 16,000 1,000
Total 745,000 35,000 17,000
Vilayet of Sivas
Sanjakof Sivas 402,000 30,000 123,000
Sanjakof KaraHissarSharki 130,000 25,000 25,000
Sanjakof Tokat 238,000 15,000 23,500
Sanjakof Amassia 207,000 35,000 28,500
Total 977,000 105,000 200,000
Vilayet of Trabizon
Sanjakof Trabizon 568,000 138,000 30,000
Sajnakof GumushKhaneh 100,000 52,000 2,000
Sanjakof Lazistan 180,000 2,000 1,000
Total 848,000 192,000 33,000

Turks, .es
Maronn
&
Moslenm Turs*s& &
Kureds Romna
AdministrativeUnits Moslemss Turks Kurds Arabs Kurds Arabs Yazidis Gteeks Armenians Catholic
Sanjak of Adalia 210,000 25.fX)O 1,0(X)

Sanjak of Biga 145,000 23,0001 2,0(X)
Sanjak of Bnolo 380,000 6,000O 1,000
Sanjak of Eskishehir 135,000 4,1010 10,000
Sanjak of Ismit 200,000 76(000 57,000
Sanjak of Itchil 100,000 15.000 500
Sanjak of Jannik 235,000 1211,0101 21,000
Sanjak of Kaiseri 140,000 37,5)00 45,000
Sanjak of KaraHissarSahib 267,000 1.1ff) 6,000
Sanjak of Karassi 320,000 154,000 15,0(f
Sanjak of Kutahia 301,000 15,100) 0,000
sanjak of Menteshe 174,000 2)1,1010 500
Sanjak of Nigde 205,000 55,000 2,000
Vilayetof Bitlis
Sanjak of Bitlis 73,100) 1,0(01 71,000
Sanjak of Mush 68,0(01 1.000 70,0)0)
Sanjak of Gindj 54.000) 1,000 10,000
Sanjak of Sert 66.000 1,00 26,000
Total 6)1,000 201,010) 4,000 105,000
VilayetofDiarbekir
Sanjakof DiaTbekir
(includes Sanjakof Severek) 160,100 30,000(
Sanjakof Mardin 130,0103 5,100) 10,000
Sanjak of Maden 11)1,00 34,000
Total 100,000 2311.1ff) 711,100) 5.0ff 02,000
Vilayetof Erzentat
Sanjakof Erzerunm 3601,(XX) 2,000O 153,000
Sanjak of Erzinjan 107,000 10,0(01 36,000
Sanjakof Bayazid 73,000 16,000
Total 335,100 205,00105) 12,000 205,000
Vilayetof Mamurat-al-Aziz
Sanjak of Mezert-Kharput 13000(1 100,000) 00,000
Sanjak of Malatia 110,000 80,00(1 23,001)
Sanjak of Derstnt 10,00) 500)01 27,000
Total 250,0)0) 230,0)0$' 130,000
Vilayetof Van
Sanjakof Van 47,100) 72,000 25,000 180),000
Sanjak of Hekiari 1)1,000 130,100) 10,000
Total 57,1001 202,000d) 2530ff$d) 190,000
Sanjak of Marash 82,000 56,0W 80)0 1,000 55,000 1,000

Turks
Moslem Kurds&
Adm~inistrative
Units Moslemso Turks Kurds Arabs Arabs Suntes. Shi'i:tes Druzes Yazidis Alaw.ioe Greeks Armeno,ians
Mar
Vilayetof Aleppo 110,000 70.000 431.000 23,00 35,000 65,000
Vilayeof Beirut
Sanjakof Beirut 130,000 1,10( 95,000 3,000 50,
Sanjakof Akka 00,000 2,000 25,000 3,
Sanjakof Tripoli 105,000 15,000 47,000 20,
Sanjakof Latakia 45,000 90,000 16,000 1,000 5,
SanjakofNablus 145,000 10,000
Total .505,100) 3,000 105,000 93,000 4,000 70,
Vi1ayeof Syrid')
Santjakof Damascus 4201.0(0) 10,000
Santjakof Hama 175,000 20,000
Sanjakof Houan 1350(65,000150,000
Sanjakof Hoerak 130S00 650050,000
Total 0400(031 95,000
SanjakofUrfa 1600.000 1,000 21,000

SanjakofZorif) 98,750
Sanjakof Lebanon 16,000 25,000(h) 51,000 90,000ot) 355
SanjakofJerusalemt 2800.000
Vilaye1of Baghdad
Divisionof Baghdad 130,000 54,000
Divsaionof Samarra 66,500 14,200
Divisionof Dialah 55,000 00,100
Divisionof Kat 0,600 90,700
Divisionof Diwaniyeh 1,000 192,300
Divisionof Shamiyeh 450 109,000
Divisionof HiIIah 16,000 155,900
Divisionof Dalaimt 247.00) 200
l'oala 524.550 750,400
Vilaveiof Basra
Divisionof Basra 24,400 130,500
Divsnionof Amara 7,000 204,700
Divisionof Munttafiq 11,1511306,200
Total 42,550 721,400
VilavetofMosul
Divisionof Mosul 200,700 17,200
Divsion oif thbi 96.100
Divsnionof Kirkuk 05,00(1 5.000
Divisionof Suleimanich 153,000
l'otal 579.700 22,200

SUMMARYOF POPULATIONSTATISTICSAPPENDIXB
Moslems- 10,076,750; Turks-994,000; Kurds-1,194,000;

Turks,Kurds&
MoslemArabs- 1,014,000; Arabs- 160,000; Sunnites-1,162,800;
Shi'ites- 1,519,000; Druzes- 146,000; Yazidis-32,000;
Alawites- 128,000; Greeks-1,927,500; Armenians-1,604,000;
Maronites& Syrians&
Maronites-433,000; R. Catholics-12,000; Chaldeans-108,000;
Nestorians&
other Christians-104,000; Christians-457,995; Jews-274,570;
Miscellaneous
& Jews-73,500; OtherElements-117,803.
TOTAL-21,538,918
NOTESTO APPENDIXB
(a) The originalheadingswerekeptwhenpreparingthesetables.
(b) Thisfigureincludesperhaps100,000HellenicGreeks.
(c) Includes29,000Lazes.
(d) These figuresare littlemorethanconjectural.
(e) This is merelyan estimate.
(f) This sanjak contains very large nomadic elements, thus the estimate is merely an
approximation.
(g) Comprises57,000GreekOrthodoxand33,000GreekCatholics.
(h) Mutawallis
(i) MainlyYazidisin the Mosularea.


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Population Statistics of the Ottoman Empire in 1914 and 1919

Author(s): Meir Zamir

This content downloaded from 185.44.78.129 on Sat, 21 Jun 2014 02:21:10 AM

This content downloaded from 185.44.78.129 on Sat, 21 Jun 2014 02:21:10 AM

This content downloaded from 185.44.78.129 on Sat, 21 Jun 2014 02:21:10 AM

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non-Moslempopulation,they may still be consideredas a useful sourcefor

1. Appendix A: Tableaux indiquant le nombre des divers elements de la population dans

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POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 14 MARCH 1914

MUSULMANS GRECS (a) ARMENIENS TOTAL

IA VILLE DE STAMBOUL 279,056 721 64,319 196 28,316 73 15,201 386,892

Caza deGuebze 26,220 815 5,856 182 47 1 21 32,144

Caza de Moustafa Pacha 11,857 637 6,134 335 - - 568 18,559

Caza de Lule-Bourgas 14, 777 804 3,125 169 64 - 434 18,400

Caza de Keschon 15,221 496 15,371 501 51 1 1 30,644

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MUSULMANS GRECS ARMgNIENS TOTAL

Caza de Djihan 16,068 971 110 6 348 21 12 16,538

Caza de Hadjin 16,972 556 3 - 13,550 443 - 30,525

Caza de Deurtt-Yol 15,495 678 280 11 7,046 308 24 22,845

Caza de Tarsus 60,947 927 1,055 16 3,364 51 335 65,701

Caza de Pergame 56,812 754 16,841 223 968 12 710 75,331

Caza de Qassaba 32,938 868 3,573 94 447 11 983 37,941

Caza de Nazilli 50, 719 931 2,699 49 543 9 493 54,454

Caza de Davos 57,271 999 - - 4 - - 57,275

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Caza d'Alexandrette 14,140 749 2,586 137 1,617 85 532 18,875

Caza de Killis 78,905 931 434 5 4,700 54 775 84,814

Caza d'Ayach 24,986 1,000 - - - - - 24,986

Caza d'Iskelib 55,016 996 15 - 43 - 113 55,187

Caza de Medjour 8,643 1000 - - - - - 8,643

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MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS TOTAL

Caza de Sour 31,653 799 4,651 117 206 5 3,059 39,569

Caza de Safita 32,254 862 4,446 118 137 3 579 37,416

Caza de Haifa 23,417 775 3,842 126 54 1 2,876 30,189

Caza de Merkeb 29,469 861 3,413 99 - - 1,315 34,197

Caza de Beni-Saab 35,929 999 18 - - - 4 35,951

Caza d'Akhlat 10,190 512 - - 9,708 487 - 19,898

Caza d'Erouh 22,677 864 - - 1,890 72 1,668 26,235

Caza de Tchabaktehour 11,292 938 - - 734 61 - 12,026

Caza de Boulanik 16,372 527 - 14,662 472 - 31,034

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Caza de Ghemlek 16,373 578 8,568 302 3,348 117 - 28,289

Caza de Seuyud 55,223 850 1,982 30 7,958 119 - 65,163

Caza d'Inl&boli 80,431 959 3,289 39 167 1 - 83,887

Caza de Tscherkech 63,519 998 103 1 10 - - 63,632

Caza de Lidjs 23,595 821 - - 4,659 162 468 28,722

Caza de Dj8zireh 17,022 694 - - 358 12 7,158 24,538

Caza de Tschermik 19,226 950 - - 821 40 184 20,231

Caza de Palu 37,541 815 - - 8,390 184 - 45,931

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MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS TOTAL

Caza de Passin 56,403 848 - - 10,046 151 - 66,449

Caza de Polmur 11,755 958 - - 511 41 - 12,266

Caza d'Alachguerd 23,368 806 - - 5,624 193 - 28,992

Caza d'Istankeui 3,863 216 13,877 778 1 - 83 17,824

Caza de Kariot 77 5 12,907 994 4 - 2 12,990

Caza d'Imbros 92 11 7,997 988 - - - 8,089

Caza de Plomari 807 312 24,999 687 1 - - 25,807

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Caza d'Ak-Cheir 57,234 886 2,266 35 4,890 75 213 64,603

Caza de Teleni 27,671 995 86 3 24 - - 27,781