RESILIENT HOUSING FOR KERALA AFTER FLOODS

B. Arch Thesis Report submitted in partial

fulfillment for the award of the Degreeof
Bachelor of Architecture

by

SUCHETA BHATTACHARYYA

[14395036250 ]

Under the guidanceof

Ar..Chandana Parida

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

KALINGA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (KIIT)

(declared as deemed-to-be-University u/s 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
Krishna Campus (Campus - 7),AT/PO: KIIT UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR-751024, Odisha, India
Website: www.kiit.ac.in, Email: ksap.training@kiit.acin
 DECLARATION BY STUDENT
I certify that

a The work contained in this report has been done by me under the guidance of my Guide.
b. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree ordiploma.
c I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct of the
Institute.
d. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text) from other sources,
I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the thesis and giving their details
in the references. Further, I have taken permission from the copyright owners of the sources,
whenevernecessary.

Date:18.06.19 Signature of the Student

 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
KIIT UNIVERSITY , BHUBANESWAR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled [Resilient housing for Kerala after floods,
submitted by Sucheta Bhattacharyya to the School of Architecture and Planning, KIIT University
is a record of bonafide project work carried out by her/him under my guidance.

[Ar.Chandana Parida] Thesis Coordinator

Thesis Guide

Prof. Soumyendu External Examiner

Shankar Ray
Director, KSAP
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to my guide Prof. Chandana Parida for the useful
comments, remarks and engagement through the learning process of this thesis. Furthermore
I would like to thank my Thesis Coordinator and Director Sir for the support on the way.
Also, I like to thank the participants in my survey, who have willingly shared their precious
time during the process of interviewing. I would like to thank my loved ones and my
juniors, who have supported me throughout entire process, both by keeping me harmonious
and helping me putting pieces together.

Date: Signature of theStude

 ABSTRACT

Kerala, a state on the southwestern, Malabar Coast of India has the 13 th largest population in India . Kerala
receives some of India’s highest rainfall during the monsoon season. However, during 2018 the state
experienced its highest level of monsoon rainfall in decades. According to the India Meteorological
Department (IMD), there was 2346.3 mm of rainfall, instead of the average 1649.55 mm. Kerala received
over two and a half times more rainfall over the average for August. Environmentalists too have pointed
fingers at the extensive quarrying, mushrooming of high-rises as part of tourism ,illegal forest land acquisition
by private parties, changing drainage patterns and sand mining on river beds as major reasons for the
calamity. Thus urban floods are living testimonies of the conflict between urban development and weather-
related vulnerabilities
The Proposed project gives us the opportunity to expolre the possibilities of flood prone design measures And
planning .It envisages in appreciating newer materials which enables the use of vernacular style and
techniques that are indigeneous to Kerala.
 CONTENTS

TitlePage i
DeclarationbyStudent ii
Certificate iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract ...
Contents ...
Chapter1 Introduction 1
1.1 Synopsis 2-3
1.2 Types of flooding 4
1.2. Impacts of urbanization 5

Chapter2 Data Collection and Analysis

2.1 Case Study 6-24
2.2 Literature Study 24-32
2.3 Standards used 33-41
Chapter3 Site Study 42-47
Chapter4 Preliminary Outcomes of the Proposal 49-53
Chapter5 Design Development 54-57
Chapter6 Design Finalization 58-62
Chapter7 Conclusion 63
List of References / Bibliography 64

Appendix A Copies of Synopsis / Literature Study / Case Study / Any other analysis done
Appendix B Copies of Final Sheets / Drawings

Appendix C (if applicable)

 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Our relationship with and dependence on water are examined and we explore some of the innovation and
ingenuity of that of past civilizations that have demonstrated in designing with water.We also consider
how we can learn from this in the design of our future cities to help Safeguard property ,people and wider
communities,as well as enhance our quality of life.
Approximately 40% of the world’s population is currently living within 100 km of the coast and 20%of
the earth”s population live in river basin area at the risk of frequent flooding.
In the last 20 years ,the worst international floods alone claimed over 50,000 lives affected over 1 billion
people claiming over 50,000 lives and causing more than 165 billion dolla damage .

Flooding is exposing the vulnerability of 19th and 20th century designed towns and cities. As we will continue
to live near water for transport ,sustenance and pleasure,we need to address how to manage the threat. Water
has been fundamental to the success and failure of civilisations.Climatic changes that resulted in water
shortages have in the past led to the collapse of entire civilization s such as Maya or Khmer.With weather
pattern changing, and predicted to change more in the future,we need to make decisions now about how we
will tackle water in the built environment.

1
 SYNOPSIS

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT

Urban floods are one of the many risks and threats that climate change has brought in the last few years.
Flooding and water-logging can put large areas of a city in entirely uninhabitable conditions and damage
infrastructure. In places where people lack adequate shelter and basic infrastructure, flooding could directly
affect their health through injuries, transmission of infectious diseases, displacements or indirectly affect
their living conditions through impact on properties, social infrastructure and livelihoods. Such negative
impacts could increase existing vulnerabilities, especially the poor and the disadvantaged sections of the
society who live in precarious housing conditions in low-lying areas or areas unsuitable for building
habitation.
In perspective, this is not just India, several places in southern Asia suffer from flooding as an issue annually.
With rising sea levels and climate change the coastlines are becoming areas of risk as our sea levels rising
very fast. In perspective

AIM

1. To build habitats that accept water surge as a reality.

2. To design buildings that help people to get back on their feet much faster than before.
3. In post flood scenario everybody is in the same battle so why not rebuild it together.
4. If a flood rises to a wipeout situation places of refuge are to be built or made accessible beforehand.
5. To build habitats that are prepared for the next disaster.

OBJECTIVE

1. Provide solution for a flood resilient structure.

2. Alternative methods of simpler construction for quicker relief
3. Alternative material for a better and cheaper sustainable structure.
4. Study the socio-economic background of the people so that they are reflected in design too.
5. To inculcate Community participation through design.
6. To come up with solution for Incremental Housing .It maybe a phase development from a transitional
shelter to a permanent shelter.
7. To consider retrofitting solutions for partially damaged houses.

SCOPE and LIMITATIONS

Every shelter intervention needs to be contextualised in order to adequately respond to the needs of the
disaster-affected people and the situation they find themselves in.
Housing development in most of the peri-urban and rural Kerala is organic and spread out which cannot
change. State government cannot bring forces to secure each of these households, with its limited
funds/strength. The challenge is to gather 100 households that work together to make a habitat which
stands/works together in a situation of flood.
The solution is targeted towards concept of a family housing of 5 people per family. The major economic
strata is defined as people who cannot afford to hire technical experts Eg: Architects/Engineers (in post-flood
scenario and mostly planning to construct everything by their own).
Scale of Solution :
1. Action Plan - Overall plan of the affected region in post floodscenario.
2. Master Plan - Multi-unit neighborhood plan working.
3. Dwelling unit Concept - House/Street level concept.
2
 METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY DIAGRAM

DETAILED METHODOLOGY PRIMARY SOURCE

a) Interviews from the dwellers
b) space standards SECONDARY SOURCE
a) Books on disaster resistant architecture
b) Net survey
Research phase-Literature Review-Case study.
We will study the present functioningand organization of spaces through case studies. All the findings
gathered in this phase will beapplied in our design phase.
Design phase-
Site selection and analysis-Program formulation and zoning-Conceptual design-
Design developmentAnalysis and evaluation of output design Preparation of architectural drawings,
model, report for final presentation.

3
GENERALSOURCES OF FLOODING

Flooding can occur from various sources.The main causes of flooding are outlines below,with the likely
sources along different parts of the catchment .
1) River flooding results when water overtops the riverbank.This occurs when the runoff after a rainstorm
overwhelms the capacity of the riveror artificial channel to discharge the water.The land around the river
that is flooded is known as the flood plain and can extend for hundreds of metres, sometimes
kilometres.This is the most well recognized flooding.
2) Coastal flooding results when seawater is driven on to the land by sstorms,tsunamis and high
tides.Typically ,flooding occurs when meteorological events such as hurricanes or storms combine with
strong winds and low pressure to raise sea levels sufficiently to overwhelm or breach the sea defences.
3) Surface water flooding results when excessive rain cannot be absorbed into the ground and runs off hard
surfaces too quicky to be discharged.It is becoming more prevalent in urban areas,where green space has
been built over and drainage systems are old and lack sufficient capacity to cope with big storms.

4)Sewer Flooding occurs when too much rainwater enters the sewers, causing the drains to become
Surcharged and spill over land.In many towns foul and surface rain water are drained into combined sewers,
excaberating the problem.Contaminants can cause health risk to people

5)Groundwater Flooding results when below groundwater rises above the groundlevel .This
typically occurs in winter months or rainy season and can last for several months.

6)Flooding from artificial sewers can occur from failure of artificial systems such as a dam failure , a burst
water main or an embankment collapsing.If fast flowing water in unexpected locations,catching people
unaware 4
IMPACTS OF URBANISATION

5
DATA COLLECTION

CASE STUDIES:
ASSAM FLOOD SCENARIO
Floods have been a recurring problem in the floodplains
of Assam for a long time. During the monsoon season
the water levels of Bramhaputra river rise and engulfs
the low-lying rural areas. They become helpless as their
belongings and lives get submerged into the depths of
the monsoons.
A comparative analysis of two places has been done
1) RajaMayong village (Without any intervention)
2) Torabori village and Palaguri village
(Intervention by Caritas and Government)

RAJAMAYONG VILLAGE, MAYONG

A village nestled at the periphery of pobitora wildlife sanctuary witnesses flood every year in the
monsoon season.The land cost being cheaper here the farmers prefer to stay here.The area has
Assamese people as well Bengali community people.The construction of these houses are done
with bare minimum requirements with use of traditional techiques for a basic household.

LOCATION- RAJAMAYONG
MONTH OF ANNUAL RAINFALL- JULY –SEPTEMBER
PROJECT SPAN- MARCH 2017 –OCTOBER 2018
LIVELIHOOD- AGRARIAN
BACKGROUND,LABOURERS,DHABA OWNERS
HINDU ASSAMESE AND BENAGALI COMMUNITY
DWELLING UNITS

6
 Traditional assamese home

Bedroom

Bedroom (Given by Government) Kitchen (PAKHGHOR)

Use of palm leaves and trunk Coop for cow- shed (GOYALI) Storage of grains (BHORALI)
Mandir
for gate and fencing)

• Owner- Pitambar Nath

• Farmer
• Residents since 20 years
• 4 member family
• Supply of water and electricity available in the house.
• No sanitation facility.

7
Bengali migrant family

Bedroom Cowshed

Kitchen
Entry Bedroom
(Pakhghor)

• Owner- Ananta Mondol

• Labourer in Field
• Residents since 7 years
• Joint family(3 family staying together)
• Supply of electricity available in the house.
• No proper sanitation facility

8
 PROS

The houses are interconnected with surrounding

households Provision of Solar Panel by Government.

Provision of Electricity by Government. Large overhang protects the walls.

CON INFERENCE
• These houses lack proper sanitation
facilities and they are situated far off
from the homes
• No evacuation shelter nearby.
• The materials are not fit to bear the
flowing water
• Raising the plinth height is not the
ultimate solution as they get eroded
every year by flood
• Lack of safety as it is in the
periphery of a national park

Toilet 9
TORA BORI AND PAHLAGURI VILLAGE, MORIGAON DISTRICT

A farming village situated near the periphery of the Bramhaputra faces the wrath of flood every year.
After the devastating 2017 flood Caritas India team supported with relief ,rehabilitation to shelter and
livelihood to bring back normalcy for the flood affected families of Assam.

The support was extended in two phases, first for the construction of 35 resilient houses with toilets and
second for 39 houses with toilets. Livelihood support in terms of a kitchen garden, weaving set and yarn
were given to 200 affected families. United Way of Bengaluru, Wells Fargo funded Caritas India for the
shelter and livelihood restoration of flood affected communities, in Morigaon District, Assam.

LOCATION- TARABORI AND PAHLAGURI

MONTH OF ANNUAL RAINFALL- JULY –
SEPTEMBER
PROJECT SPAN- MARCH 2017 –OCTOBER 2018
LIVELIHOOD- AGRARIAN BACKGROUND
HINDU ASSAMESE COMMUNITY DWELLING
UNITS
BUDGET- 55 LAKHS FOR 39 HOUSES
5O LAKHS FOR 35 HOUSES

These houses can be distinguished with their

light blue colour and their raised stilted
structures.The basic plan of these unit is same

10
Design Features:
• The design of these houses are inspired from the traditional ‘Chang Ghar’ style with an
increased plinth height.
• The flooring of the houses were left to build according to their own convenience so as to
inculcate a sense of ownership.
• The plinth height varies from 3.5ft to 4ft in various houses
• For 5 houses one mason was allotted to train them for building their own house
• Materials were brought from Lahorghat market.
• For each unit 5 persons were considered.

Pictures during ongoing construction work. The column and beams

were casted in-situ.

11
Houses before intervention Houses after intervention

These are existing houses which are still attached to the provided units by Caritas.The units provided are
too small hence they use these as an extension of the units.

12
Basic unit plan and section before execution

Basic unit plan and section after execution

13
People intervention

Different unit plans

Elevations

The verandah , flooring and orientation of staircase has been modified according to the users.

14
Interiors Facilities

Truss supporting the roof Toilet provided by Government.

Kitchen view from the room. The space below provides space for storage.

Bedroom view. Water Supply through tube wells.

15
Inferences
• Number of members not considered while designing a dwelling unit
• Sanitation Problem is not completely solved.
• The units have no scope for incrementation
• Traditional materials and methods ignored for faster construction
• Community spaces lacking for festivals like Bihu etc.
• Lack of proper vegetation to prevent soil erosion.
• Intervention of the terrain required for better protection

School becomes the evacuation shelter during floods

Anganwadi for kids in the village

16
 POST –TSUNAMI HOUSING,
TAMIL NADU

Devanipattinam, Cuddalore is an urban zone where 648 houses were provided by

Caritas and PMSSS with an aim to provide quality housing in an improved
environment.

This was a rehabilitation project done in collaboration of the government.The

beneficiaries belonged from the fishing community.A study has been done to identify
the growth of row housing in the years after the project completion.

Located in the coastal bed of Bay of Bengal

LOCATION- DEVANIPATTINAM, CUDDALORE

PROJECT SPAN-JULY 2006-MARCH 2007
LIVELIHOOD- FISHING BACKGROUND
HINDU TAMIL COMMUNITY DWELLING UNITS
BUDGET-UNIT COST-Rs1,43,850
ARCHITECTURE FIRM- SIVA AND SAKTI ,GETRUD TAUBER
CONTRACTOR- S.G RHEEMAN
DEVELOPMENT OF 2 ZONES

17
DOCUMENTS FROM THE REPORT BY PMSSS

Land purchased by the govt. Proposed site with exixting roads

Estimation and budget

Layout plan of the Enclave

FEATURES

• Terrain of the land respected

• Plot divided in 3 zones East,West and Middle so that an approx. of 1000 sqm is provided
for each zone
• Houses designed at the periphery so that fencing is not required for the layout
• Internal roads placed in East – West direction so as to facilitate sea breeze into the enclave
• The internal roads can act as escape routes during disasters.

18
DOCUMENTS FROM THE REPORT BY PMSSS

Unit plan. Terrace Plan.

Elevation of an unit. Orientation plan (row houses).

FEATURES

• Independent house design with setbacks on 3 sides

• Open terrace provided to serve as drying yard for the fisherman community
• Vertical future expansion without any hindrance possible
• .Front and rear set back provides ample space for multipurpose uses for the fisherman folks
• Kitchen has provision for lofts
• The toilet acess is from outside and the rear set back is used for daily chores.

19
GLIMPSES OF THE UNIT

Rear Setback used for Front setback.

Toilet Kitchen.
chores .

Toi
let
.
Entrance view.
Staircase leading to terrace.

Provision for water tanks in

terrace. Terracotta tiles are Terrace Plan. Rainwater water
used being a local material spouts .

A drop down in the terrace. These at times are used for

Stairs leading to
The columns are projected storage or gardening
terrace.The space below is
for future expansion
used for storage

20
FACILITIES

Road width of 5m enables community

Electricity facility available interaction and also vehicular entry.

INFERENCE
• Number of members considered while
designing a dwelling unit (5 person per
unit)
• Sanitation Problem is solved.
• The units have scope for incrementation
• Traditional materials and methods
ignored for faster construction
• Community spaces lacking for festivals
like Bihu etc.
• Intervention of the terrain done for
better protection
• The individuality of the buildings lost
due to protyping.
Water tank for better water supply

21
POST – FLOOD HOUSES, TAMILNADU

PMSSS AND CARITAS has provided 100 houses

in 4 villages after 2015 flood .These villages
Include Melpathi ,Illvarasnpattu,Kurunjnagar,
Pappanpattau.
A study has been done here to see how a river
effects the houses and also how traditional
methods have been used here .Also,the houses
effected by floods still exist .

LOCATION- MELPATHI, VADALUR Melpathi located near to NLC

MONTH OF ANNUAL RAINFALL- SEPTEMBER - Corporation gets flooded by the stream .
DECEMBER
PROJECT SPAN-OCTOBER 2016- FEB 2017
LIVELIHOOD- AGRARIAN BACKGROUND
HINDU TAMIL COMMUNITY DWELLING UNITS
BUDGET-UNIT COST-
ARCHITECTURE FIRM- SIVA AND SAKTI ,GETRUD
TAUBER
CONTRACTOR- S.G RHEEMAN
DEVELOPMENT OF 2 ZONES

22
 Seggregation of space

Section
View from entrance

Use of different traditional materials for walling Seggregation of space

system

REASON OF ANNUAL FLOODING- DISCHARGE OF WATER INTO THE STREAM FROM

NEYVELI LIGNITE CORPORATION (NLC).
NGO PROVIDED THE FOUNDATION ,POST BEAM STRUCTURE AND ROOFING SYSTEM.
WALL MATERIALS- SUPPLIED FROM INDIRA NAGAR MARKET (THERMOCRETE
BLOCKS) , COCONUT LEAF ETC.
ROOFING SYSTEM- BAMBOO,SUGARCANE LEAVES

23
Bamboo tied to
form Truss Precast columns shaped to hold
the bamboo acting as a beam

Attic space done by Bamboo cross tied to

the dwellers strengthen roofing system
INFERENCES

Sanitation provided .Toilet size is 1200 School acts as an evacuation shelter

x900 and even for relief distribution

• Flexibility of design given to dwellers

• There is a need for proper community space
• The space provided is not enough for the members of the family
• The houses are arranged in such a way that they form courtyards unkwoningly
• Terrain intervention and proper planned vegetation require for prevention of soil erosion.

24
Post- flood Tsunami housing in Sri lanka

25
 Requirements
This project provides 100 houses in a Muslim fishing village, in the region of Tissamaharama,
on the southeast coast of Sri Lanka, following the destruction caused by the 2004 tsunami.
Shigeru Ban's aim was to adapt the houses to their climate, to use local labour and materials
to bring profit to the region, and to respond to the villagers' own requirements through direct
consultation

Developer Phillip Bay asked Shigeru Ban to design a prototype house that could be built
cheaply using local materials and would be suitable for the tropical climate..

SITE VIEW UNITS

INTERIORS SHOWING WOODEN SCREEN INTERIORS

26
 Design features and Inference

• Ban's design comprises a single-storey structure with walls made from

compressed earth blocks and a pitched roof made from locally sourced teak and
coconut wood.

• Each house has two bedrooms, a hall and a sheltered courtyard, which residents
can use as a dining room, social space or simply as a place to repair fishing nets.

• Adaptable wooden screens divide the rooms, to suit a Muslim lifestyle

• Kitchens and bathrooms are included within each house, as requested by the
villagers, but a central covered area separates them from the living
accommodation, as stipulated by the government.

• The covered area also provides an entertainment space from which women can
retreat to maintain privacy.

• Local rubber-tree wood was used for partitions and fittings, and compressed
earth blocks for walls.

27
Features of Kerala Architecture

Poomukham
Padippura

Chuttu Verandah

28
Features of Kerala Architecture

Thoomanam
Claytile ,Sloping roof system Nadumuttom

Charupady
Mukhappu Wooden Flooring

29
 Features of Kerala Architecture

Fusion found in different mosques

Nalukettu surrounded by wooden columns

30
Requirements in a Muslim Household
Traditional Islamic teachings and traditions involve guidelines that have direct applications in the
domestic sphere. The principles of privacy, modesty, and hospitality are central to these guidelines;
each principle has a significant effect on the design of Muslim homes, as well as on the organization
of space and domestic behaviors within each home.

31
Requirements in a Muslim Household

32
 STANDARDS FOR DESIGN CONSIDERATION

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PERI- URBAN AREA

33
HOUSING TYPOLOGY

34
35
36
37
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE REQUIREMENTS

38
39
ANGANWADI

40
ANGANWADI REQUIREMENTS BASIC PLAN

41
SITE STUDY
GRAIN DISTRIBUTION

CONTEXT GRAIN

42
CONTEXT

St.Joseph’s Church
Cochin International Airport Aluva Metro Station

Aluva Railway Station Shree Narasimha Swami Temple Shree Narasimha Sawmi Temple

Aluva Metro Yard St. Josephs Seminary Church

43
44
TEMPERATURE,WIND SPEED AND SUNPATH ANALYSIS

January

July
45
Residential Building fabric

Evacuation Shelter during Flood

Majidul Manar Anganwadi l in nearby vicinity Public School

Post Flood Scenario

A library badly effected by floodsWater logging in the roads Roof replacement after floods
Due to the lack of evacuation shelter the families had to go to relatives place
located at a higher level. Schools and mosques acted as evacuation shelter
initially

46
SWOT ANALYSIS

Strength- • The site is well connected with different modes of transport

like metro,railways .Being an island bridges play an important
role.
• Roads are properly done and the width is according to
vehicular and pedestrian requirements

• The site being surrounded by water all the three sides

Weakness- makes it extremely prone to flooding .
• It is a low lying area with no proper catchment
system.
• Soil being laterite requires extra care in foundation

Oppurtunities- • To use the kerala traditional architecture.

• Intervention in the terrain and vegetation.
• Roads can be planned for a proper evacuation route

Threats- • It is a flood prone area where flood occurs with heavy rains.
• Existing houses are planned in a haphazard pattern making
evacuation difficult.

47
PRELIMINARY OUTCOMES OF THE PROPOSAL

The plot sizes were fixed according to the NBC norms and an area of 90sqm .

Initially a module approach was being

taken into considerations and then
because incrementality was taken into
consideration..Bare minimum was
supposed to be provided

48
PRELIMINARY OUTCOMES OF THE PROPOSAL

49
 PRELIMINARY OUTCOMES OF THE PROPOSAL
Area Statement
SPACES NUMBER OF USERS AREA

DWELLING UNITS(60 plots/hectare) 250 4.16 hectares

OPEN SPACES(1.2hectares for 200 houses 250 1.51hectares

TOTAL POPULATION- 250X5=500 people

PRIMARY SCHOOL 350

1)Admin block
2)Staffroom
3)Classrooms
4)Activity hall
5)Playground
6)Mid-day meal area
7)Parking space(cycles)

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE

1)Entrance 13.5m2
2)Waiting Area 9m2
3)Registration and records 9m2
4)O.P.D(Consultation and Examination) 2(15.75)m2
5)Gents Ward 19.5m2
6)Female Ward 19.5m2
7)OT 84m2
8)Labour room 16m2
9)Minor O.T/dressing room/injection room 18m2
10)Laboratory 10.5m2
11)Dispensing cum Store 10.5m2
12)Immunization /F.P/Counselling Area 10.5m2
13)Office room 10.5m2
14)Dirty utility area 2(3.6)m2
15)Toilets
a)Staff toilets 2(4.86)m2
b)Doctor Toilets 2(7.7)m2
c)Patient Toilets 2(3.1)m2
16)Sterilization area 8.4m2
17)General Store 7.5m2

COMMUNITY HALL and RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRE 0.2 Hectares=2000m2

1)Banquet Hall
2)Library
3)Training Center

ANGANWADI 30
1)Multipurpose hall 14m2
2)Kitchen and Store 24.6m2
3)Toilets 9m2
4)Counselling room and Examination room 8.1m2 +6m2
5)Angan or Courtyard 14m2

MASJID 500 0.85m2

1)Prayer room(separate spaces for men and women)

2)Ritual ablution space

4)minaret

MARKET 3740m2
Sale space requirement 1840m2
Traders space requirement 1840m2
Ancillary spaces 100m2

PROMENADE 700m
1)kiosks
2)Bicycle pathways
3)Dhobi Ghat
4)Fishing Point
5)Ferry Ghat
6)Recreational Spaces
7)Floating Hotels

50
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The phasing was decided initially and that remains constant . The first phase will
have the staircase and just the bare amenities.

For a flexible layout it is to be left upto the dwellers to decide what to do and what
not to according to their wish.

51
ACTIVITY SKETCHES AFFECTING DESIGN

Service roads are provided for loading the truck with bananas

Boatparking being a basic requirement for fishermen

52
ACTIVITY SKETCHES AFFECTING DESIGN

An evening setting in a shop around the vicinity

Community participation being a major bonding for people

Requirement for large spaces for knitting of nets 53

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SPACES

54
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
GLIPMSES FROM MY SKETCHBOOK

55
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

GLIPMSES FROM MY SKETCHBOOK

56
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE

•The advantages of Porotherm Thermo bricks are plenty and are as

follows:
These bricks have a very small value of rate of heat loss (generally called as
U-value), nearly 0.6 W/m²K whereas that for a solid clay brick and a
solid concrete block is 1.8 W/m²K and 2.0 W/m²K respectively. The U-
value must be as low as possible as then less energy is required for cooling
or heating the indoors of a building.

•These are noteworthy Energy savers as they eliminate the need of external
insulation such as cavity walls and thus save spaces. Also the need for air-
conditioners in summers and heaters in winters is decreased.

•These bricks have already been burnt (at 1000 degree Celsius) and are
thus immune to fire. They just get baked in case of fire, without releasing
any toxic gases or harmful vapours. They have high fire ratings which
means there is pretty good amount of time to evacuate the building in case
of fire before damage occurs.

•They are 60% lighter than the conventional clay/concrete bricks and thus
are easy to handle. This leads to lesser dead load as well as increase in
speed of construction.

57
DESIGN FINALIZATION

58
 DESIGN FINALIZATION
CLUSTER FINALISATION

Seggregation of two communities according to their activity style.

Cluster view

59
 DESIGN FINALIZATION
UNIT FINALIZATION (6mX15m)

UNIT FINALIZATION (9mX10m)

UNIT FINALIZATION (7.5mX12m)

60
DESIGN FINALIZATION

MASJID

ANGANWADI

RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTER

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTER

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DESIGN FINALIZATION

RIVERFRONT FINALISATION

BANQUET AND RESTAURENT AREA BOAT PARKING AREA

THE RIVERFRONT PLAN HAD BEEN DONE WITH A COMBINATION OF

LAND AND WATER.

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 CONCLUSION

Water since time immemorial has helped mankind as is a basic need. There are
places which cry for depleting water table and ironically there are places that cry
when there is too much water.
Floods are natural disasters and rather than stopping the flow of water the main
requirement should be to make more room for the river.

A basic way to do planning is following the contours and levels so that according
too the flood mapping it is considered.Evacuation routes being a major necessity
during floods and evacuation shelters are to placesd in strategic points.

The spaces needs to be desined in a way that during the dark days they can bring
hope among the population.

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 BILIOGRAPHY

BOOKS-
1) Aquatecture by Robert Barker and Richard Coutts
2) Neuferts Standards
3)Time Savers Standards for Housing and Residential development
4)National Building Code 2005
5)Rual Community buildings- Laurie baker by Costford Publishers

WEBSITE ARTICLES
1)POST Disaster Needs Assignment by UNDP
2)Up –Future proofing cities- Aluva- by Atkins
3)Indian Public heath standards for Primary health care centre
4)Anganwadi for all by morphogenesis .education

WEBSITE LINKS
1) www.archiestudio.in/regional_heritage_-_kerala

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Appendix A

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APPENDIX B

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