Collectivista - Collectivism defined “is a political or economic theory
advocating collective control especially over production and distribution or;
(the) emphasis on collective rather than individual action or identity.
Carlos Polestico Garcia, commonly known as Carlos P. Garcia, (November
4, 1896 – June 14, 1971) was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public
official, political economist, organized guerrilla and Commonwealth military
leader, who was the eighth President of the Philippines.
Proclamation № 1081 was the document which contained formal
proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand
Marcos, as announced to the public on 23 September 1972.
Presidentian decree no. 1020 AMENDING THE PENULTIMATE PARAGRAPH
OF SECTION FIFTEEN OF PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NUMBERED NINE HUNDRED
NINETY-TWO.
Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was
the ninth President of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and
the sixth Vice-President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also served as a
member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional
Convention of 1970. He is the father of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who was
the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010.
Philippine History: President Ramon F. Magsaysay: Champion of the
masses - the seventh President of the Philippines. He was “Champion of the
Masses” because of his advocacy for fairness and justice, embodied in his
credo: “Those who have less in life should have more in law.” He left a legacy
of integrity and nationalism, a good and people-centered governance, and
is remembered for opening Malacanang as “house of the people.”
Philippines 2000 was the socio economic program of former
Philippine president Fidel V. Ramos. The plan envisioned the Philippines
achieving newly industrialized country status by the year 2000.
The Philippines 2000 platform largely hinged on five major areas:
 Peace and Stability
 Economic Growth and Sustainable Development
 Energy and Power Generation
 Environmental Protection
 Streamlined Bureaucracy
The New Society Movement (Filipino: Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, KBL),
formerly named New Society Movement of United Nationalists, Liberals, et
cetera (Filipino: Kilusang Bagong Lipunan ng Nagkakaisang Nacionalista,
Liberal, at iba pa, KBLNNL), is a political party in the Philippines. It was
formed in 1978, as an umbrella coalition of parties supporting then-
President Ferdinand E. Marcos for the Interim Batasang Pambansa
(National Assembly), and was his political vehicle during his rule. In the post-
Marcos era, it was reorganized as a political party in 1986.
Land reform in the Philippines has long been a contentious issue rooted in
the Philippines's Spanish Colonial Period. Some efforts began during the
American Colonial Period with renewed efforts during the Commonwealth,
following independence, during Martial Law and especially following
the People Power Revolution in 1986. The current law, the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program, was passed following the revolution and recently
extended until 2014.
Proper distribution of wealth - Income Inequality is the extent at which
household income is unevenly distributed amongst a population. In other
words, it also refers to the gap in income between who can be considered
the rich of the population as opposed to the income of those who can be
considered the poor of a population.
Manuel Acuña Roxas - was the fifth President of the Philippines who served
from 1946 until his death in 1948. He briefly served as the third and last
President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from May 28, 1946 to
July 4, 1946, subsequently becoming the first President of the
independent Third Philippine Republic after the United States ceded its
sovereignty over the Philippines.
Elpidio Rivera Quirino - was a Filipino politician of ethnic Ilocano descent
who served as the sixth President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953. A
lawyer by profession, Quiríno entered politics when he became a
representative of Ilocos Sur from 1919 to 1925. He was then elected as
senator from 1925–1931
Puppet Government - a government which is endowed with the outward
symbols of authority but in which direction and control are exercised by
another power. The Philippines as Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic,
was a puppet state established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese
occupation.
Philippine Republic - Malolos is the historical site of the constitutional
convention of 1898 that led to the establishment of the
First Philippine Republic, the first republic in Asia, led by Emilio
Aguinaldo. Malolos served as the capital of the short-lived republic from
1898 to 1899.
Douglas MacArthur - an American five-star general and Field Marshal of
the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during
the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World
War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines
Campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur Jr. the first
father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five to rise to
the rank of General of the Army in the US Army, and the only one conferred
the rank of field marshal in the Philippine Army.
On this day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders Gen. Douglas
MacArthur out of the Philippines, as the American defense of the islands
collapses. The Philippines had been part of the American commonwealth
since it was ceded by Spain at the close of the Spanish-American War.
William Atkinson Jones - was a member of the U.S. House of
Representatives from 1891 to 1918 from the first district of the
Commonwealth of Virginia.
William Howard Taft - was the first head of the Philippine Commission, a
post he filled between March 16, 1900, and July 4, 1901, after which the
commission head also became the Civil Governor of the Philippines. He held
the post until January 31, 1904, after he was appointed as the Secretary of
War by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt. The Philippine Commission was
subsequently headed by a number of persons, but is often mentioned
informally and collectively as the "Taft Commission"
February 25, 1986 - The People Power Revolution
June 12, 1898 - The Philippine Declaration of Independence in Kawit Cabite.
July 4, 1946 - Philippine Republic Day, also known as Filipino-American
Friendship Day. Celebrating the signing of the Treaty of Manila, which
granted Philippine Independence from the United States of America in
1946.
The Commission on Elections, usually abbreviated as COMELEC, is one of
the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is
to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of elections in the
Philippines.
December 30, 1996 - On December 30, 1896, Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal, the
greatest man of the Malayan race, was shot to death at Bagumbayan by a
firing squad.
HUKBALAHAP – (Hukbong Laban sa Hapon) was a communist guerrilla
movement formed by the peasant farmers of Central Luzon. They are
popularly known as "Huks". They were originally formed to fight the
Japanese, but extended their fight into a rebellion against the Philippine
Government.
Comport women - Japan’s sexual slavery in the 1930s and 1940s
Until recently, the extent of Japan’s wartime sexual slavery has been
downplayed. According to conservative historian Ikuhiko Hata, there were
barely 20,000 “comfort women” in the 1930s and 19s and they were largely
willing prostitutes, with no or minimal direct involvement by Japanese
military.
Death March (April 1942) The surrendered Filipinos and Americans soon
were rounded up by the Japanese and forced to march some 65 miles from
Mariveles, on the southern end of the Bataan Peninsula, to San Fernando.
The men were divided into groups of approximately 100, and what became
known as the Bataan Death March typically took each group around five
days to complete.
Harakiri – Seppuku sometimes referred to as harakiri is a form of Japanese
ritual suicide. A samurai practice, seppuku was used either voluntarily by
samurai to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies.
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was attacked by the Japanese
Imperial Army on December 7, 1941 nine hours after the attack on Pearl
Harbor (the Philippines is on the Asian side of the International Date Line).
The United States of America controlled the Philippines at the time and
possessed important military bases there.
The Battle of Corregidor (Filipino: Labanan sa Corregidor), fought May 5–6,
1942, was the culmination of the Japanese campaign for the conquest of
the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II. The fall
of Bataan on April 9, 1942, ended all organized opposition by the U.S. Army
Forces Far East to the invading Japanese forces on Luzon, in the northern
Philippines.
The attack on Clark Field was part of a series of morning airstrikes on United
States Pacific island military bases opening Japanese participation in World
War II. The attack was intended to minimize interference from the Far East
Air Force (FEAF) during the subsequent invasion of the Philippines by
the Empire of Japan.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10963 - AN ACT AMENDING SECTIONS 5, 6, 24, 25, 27,
31, 32, 33, 34, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58, 74, 79, 84, 86, 90, 91, 97, 99, 100, 101, 106,
107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114, 116, 127, 128, 129, 145, 148, 149, 151, 155,
171, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191,
192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 232, 236, 237, 249, 254, 264, 269, AND 288;
CREATING NEW SECTIONS 51-A, 148-A, 150-A, 150-B, 237-A, 264-A, 264-B,
AND 265-A; AND REPEALING SECTIONS 35, 62, AND 89; ALL UNDER
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8424, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE NATIONAL INTERNAL
REVENU CODE OF 1997, AS AMENDED, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Estate Tax is a tax on the right of the deceased person to transmit his/her
estate to his/her lawful heirs and beneficiaries at the time of death and on
certain transfers which are made by law as equivalent to testamentary
disposition.
Income Tax is a tax on all yearly profits arising from property, profession,
trades, or offices or as a tax on a person’s income, emoluments, profits and
the like.
Percentage Tax is a business tax imposed on persons or entities who sell or
lease goods, properties or services in the course of trade or business whose
gross annual sales or receipts do not exceed P550, 000 and are not VAT-
registered.
Value-Added Tax is a business tax imposed and collected from the seller in
the course of trade or business on every sale of properties (real or personal)
lease of goods or properties (real or personal) or vendors of services. It is an
indirect tax, thus, it can be passed on to the buyer.
The Pensionado Act of 1903 (or Act 854) refers to the law which allowed
qualified Filipino students to study in the United States. ... During the first
decade of the American occupation, most of the pensionados were women
from the elite class (the same class who had access to better education in
the late Spanish period).
The Philippine Independent Church (Spanish: Iglesia Filipina
Independiente; Tagalog: Malayang Simbahan ng Pilipinas; Latin: Libera
Ecclesia Philippina; colloquially called the Aglipayan Church, IFI and PIC) is
an independent. Christian denomination in the form of a national church in
the Philippines. Its schism from the Roman Catholic Church was proclaimed
in 1902 by the members of the Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina, due to
the alleged mistreatment of the Filipinos by Spanish priests and
the execution of José Rizal during Spanish colonial rule.
Preamble - We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty
God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a
Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the
common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy
under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality,
and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
1967 Philippine constitutional plebiscite - A constitutional referendum was
held in the Philippines on 14 November 1967. On 16 March 1967 Congress
decided that a Constitutional Convention would be elected in 1971.
Tydings-McDuffie Act, also called Philippine Commonwealth and
Independence Act, (1934), the U.S. statute that provided for Philippine
independence, to take effect on July 4, 1946, after a 10-year transitional
period of Commonwealth government. The bill was signed by U.S.
Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 24, 1934, and was sent to the
Philippine Senate for approval. Although that body had previously rejected
the similar Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act, it approved the Tydings-McDuffie Act
on May 1.
The “cedula personal” was a mandatory identification card during the
Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. This ID card was used when
tribute was assessed and in determining those who were subject to
“prestacion personal” or forced labor. It also served as a residence tax
certificate and as a passport. It was used by Spanish authorities to restrict
the movement of people and those who could not present
their cedulascould be arrested and imprisoned by the Guardia Civil.
The Philippine Organic Act was a basic law for the Insular Government that
was enacted by the United States Congress on July 1, 1902. It is also known
as the Philippine Bill of 1902 and the Cooper Act, after its author Henry A.
Cooper. The approval of the act coincided with the official end of
the Philippine–American War.
The Jones Law (the Philippine Autonomy Act, and the Act of Congress of
August 29, 1916) was an Organic Act passed by the United States Congress.
The law replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and acted as
a constitution of the Philippines from its enactment until 1934, when
the Tidings–McDuffie Act was passed (which in turn led eventually to
the Commonwealth of the Philippines and to independence from the
United States). The Jones Law created the first fully elected Philippine
legislature.
The People Power Revolution was a series of popular demonstrations in
the Philippines, mostly in the capital city of Manila from February 22–25,
1986. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime
violence and alleged electoral fraud.
THE 1986 PROVISIONAL "FREEDOM" CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES PROCLAMATION NO. 3 DECLARING A NATIONAL POLICY
TO IMPLEMENT THE REFORMS MANDATED BY THE PEOPLE, PROTECTING
THEIR BASIC RIGHTS, ADOPTING A PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION, AND
PROVIDING FOR AN ORDERLY TRANSITION TO A GOVERNMENT UNDER
A NEW CONSTITUTION.
First Philippine Constitution—the first republican constitution in Asia—
was drafted and adopted by the First Philippine Republic, which lasted
from 1899 to 1901.
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

Readings in Philippine History

Submitted by: Arjay R. Maligaya.

Submitted to: Elizabeth Ofrasio.