EXPERIMENT (TITLE)

Chemical reactions
AIM
 To investigate the changes happening during chemical reaction such as colour change, formation
of gas, change in temperature, formations of precipitates etc.
 To differentiate exothermic and endothermic reactions

HYPOTHESIS
Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Formation of colour Mass of reactants.
Heat

MATERIALS REQUIRED
1. 1 graduated cylinder
2. Water
3. 2 clear plastic cups
4. 2 eyedroppers
5. Iodine Solution
6. Cornstarch
7. 2 spoons (plastic)
8. 1 vitamin C tablet

PROCEDURE
Activity 1
1. Measure 80mL of water and pour it into one of the cups.
2. Add three full droppers of iodine solution. Record your observations.
3. Add one spoonful of cornstarch to the iodine solution and stir. Record your observations.
4. Measure 50 mL of water and pour it into the second cup.
5. Using a clean eyedropper, add 4 full droppers of the iodine/cornstarch solution to the
second cup.
6. Drop a vitamin C tablet into the second cup and stir the liquid with a clean spoon until the
tablet is dissolved. Record observations.

2. Activity 2
Endothermic (heat absorbing) reaction

Procedure:
- Place a teaspoon of citric acid powder into a zip-lock bag.
- Place a teaspoon of baking soda (hydrogen sodium carbonate) powder into the same bag.
- Approximately ½ oz. of purple cabbage juice is placed into a small condiment cup.
- The cup with purple cabbage juice is placed into the zip-lock bag (be careful not to spill the
liquid).
- Squeeze out as much air as possible, and then zip the bag shut.
- Empty the liquid into the bag (shaking works).
- Observe what happens.
 OBSERVATIONS:

Activity 1
The color changed from yellow/orange, red to blue-black in the first cup. In the second cup, the color
changed and bubbles formed. Yes; new substances formed, as evidenced by the color changes and
bubbles. Some signs of a chemical change are a change in color and the formation of bubbles.

Activity 2

The colour of indicator changed and heat is absorbed during the reaction.

INFERENCE/RESULT:
Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance.

CONCLUSION:
 Chemical change is when there is a change when there is a formation of new substance or a
change in color of the original reactant reactants, the evolution of gases or sudden change in the
temperature of the substance.

NOTES
Endothermic and Exothermic reaction
Endothermic reactions are reactions that require external energy, usually in the form of heat, for
the reaction to proceed. Since endothermic reactions draw in heat from their surroundings.
An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy through light or heat. It is the opposite of
an endothermic reaction.
The Elephant Toothpaste Experiment (Demonstration by teacher)
It shows an example of a reaction that is both exothermic (gives off heat) and produces a gas.
Materials Needed:
• an empty plastic soda bottle
• 1/4 cup of hydrogen peroxide
• 1/2 pkg of yeast
• 1/3 cup of warm water
• dish soap
• a cup
• optional: food coloring
Procedure:
 1. Teacher will pour the peroxide into the bottles.
2. Place a few drops of food coloring into the bottles with the peroxide.
3. Add a squirt of dish soap and swirl the bottle to mix.
4. In the cup, mix the water and yeast and stir for a few seconds to combine.
5. Then have them pour the yeast into the bottle with the peroxide and watch what happens!
6. Test the gas by introducing a burning matchstick on the neck of the bottle.
Once the reaction has completed, t feel the foam and observe the heat that was created.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNT
To formulate a hypothesis and make predictions about five signs of a chemical change:
1. Color Change
2. Production of an odor
3. Change of Temperature
4. Evolution of a gas (formation of bubbles)
5. Precipitate (formation of a solid)