THE EFFECT OF FACILITIES TOWARDS THE PERFORMANCE OF CSAB-B STUDENTS

A Research Proposal

Presented to

The Faculty of the Senior High School Program

Basic Education Department

Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements of the Course

Practical Research II

Researchers

Ballarta, Pauline Marie

Esmeres, Johna Mae

Importante, Marie

Lumawag, Jona

Pagad, Christy Janine

Pingcale, Charlie

Premaylon, Faith

Quinanola, Daisy Mae

Reyes, Chaderick Daniel

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 Table of Content

Title Page

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

Statement of the Problem……….…………………………………………….....6

Scope and Limitations….……………………………………………………….7

Significance of the study………………………………………………….….....7

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………......…9

Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Conceptual Literature…………………………………………………………..10

Related Studies…………………………………………………………………11

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGIES

Research Design……………………………………………………………….21

Participants…………………………………………………………………….21

Instrument……………………………………………………………………..22

Sampling Design………...…………………………………………………….22

References…………………………………………………………………………….23

Appendices……………………………………………………………………………25

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THE EFFECT OF FACILITIES TOWARDS THE PERFORMANCE OF CSAB-B STUDENTS

Chapter 1

Introduction

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills,

values, beliefs, and habit. Education provide with knowledge and it paves the way for a good

cancer. It lays the foundation of a stronger nation. Education is an investments in human capital,

and it can have a great impact on a nation’s growth and development. Education is the most

important factor for the development of human civilization. It proves the nation with man powers,

promotes national unity and uplifts public awareness. Our country heeds different kinds of man

powers such as doctors, engineers, teachers, administrative officials, economics, judges, and other

technical hands. Education provides the nation with those educated hands. If people are educated,

they can understand their duties and rights. In order to uplift human society, each should be capable

to understand others.

Facilities are buildings, pieces of equipment or services that are provided for a particular

purpose. It also a room which has created to serve a specific purpose of the case of doing

something. Facilities is an arrangement in which bank agrees to extend a series to a company,

government etc. Especially one in which a certain amount of credit can be drawn on as funds are

needed. An effective school facility is response to the changing programs of educational delivery

and a minimum should provide a physical environment that’s comfortable, safe, secure, accessible,

and will illuminated. Education can be easier if there is a better facilities, it would be a tremendous

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help to make our studies to be a lot greater than before. The significance of having more facilities

is to increase the students who enrolled in CSAB.

Colegio San Agustin – Bacolod is a Filipino Augustinian school committed to fulfilling the

mission of the Catholic Church by providing a well – rounded formation of the human person with

respect to one’s ultimate goal. Colegio San Agustin – Bacolod was founded by Dona Soledad

Locsin. It initially offered Kindergarten, Elementary, and High school education. It became the

first school in Bacolod City to offer Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemistry

and Mechanical Technology programs. The excellence of CSAB’s programs has resulted in

outstanding performance of its graduates in the various license examination.

Colegio San Agustin Bacolod’s educative system has grown into a well equiped and respected

educational institute throughout Bacolod City and has been recognize in providing high quality

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Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact or effect of facilities to the performance
of the CSAB students specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the people of CSAB students in terms of:

A. Gender
B. Grade level
C. Strand
D. Age

2. What are the facilities that available inside the CSAB Classrooms?

3. What are the top 3 facilities that's helpful to students learning?

4. What's the overall impact of the facilities to the Performance of the Students?

5. What's the significance of facilities if grouped according to the following Variables:

A. Gender
B. Grade level
C. Strand
D. Age

6. What are the additional facilities that will be recommended by students to CSAB

management?

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Scope & Limitations

This study aims to determine the impact of facilities among the students of Colegio San

Agustin-Bacolod during the school year of 2019-2020. However, findings from this study may

not be generalized beyond the schools participating in the study; the limitations of the study

involves the availability of the respondents and the time of the researchers regarding the

completion of the gathered data. And the objectivity of the responses to the survey instrument may

have been affected by personal biases of the school personnel completing the instrument.

Significance of the study

This study is important and beneficial to the following people:

Students

This study will provide the students the knowledge that facilities are one of the factors

that affects their Academic Performances for it is hugely essential for the convenience of their

studies.

School Administrative

This study will benefit the School administrative so that they will be able to facilitate and

manage the facilities of the school efficiently for this study would inform Administrators the

possible inadequacy of facilities or facility management that may affect the student’s and

teacher’s teaching and learning process.

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Future Enrollees

This will benefit the future CSA-B enrollees; so that they would be able to identify the

convenience and essentiality of the school’s facilities and identify if their needs would be

provided for their education.

Researchers

This study will benefit the researchers to enhance their creative and critical thinking for it

enabled them to relate, connect and reflect on their own knowledge acquisition.

Future Researchers

This research will be a useful reference for the researchers who would plan to make any related

study precisely the correlation of facilities to student achievement.

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Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined to ensure a common understanding between the researcher and

the readers.

 Education. The knowledge, skill, and understanding that you act from attending a school,

college or university (Cambridge Dictionary, N.D.). Operationally, it is where the

students would develop and train their knowledge and capabilities.

 Facilities. Something (such as a building or large piece of equipment) that is built for a

specific purpose (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, N.D.). Operationally, equipment that can

be used for the student’s learnings and convenience such as air-conditioners, televisions,

electric fans, projectors, etc.

 Performance. The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution;

achievement; accomplishment; representation by action (WordHippo Dictionary, N.D.)

Operationally, it refers to level of performance in written works and exams. How students

deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to

them by their teachers, within this work measured from the standpoint of academic

grades.

 Effect. A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause (Oxford

Dictionary, N.D.). Operationally, it is the outcome of the student’s performances).

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 Development. The process of growing or changing and becoming more advanced

(Cambridge Dictionary, N.D.). Operationally, it is the progress of the student’s skills and

abilities.

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 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter introduces concepts and related studies which are related to our research

study entitled “”The Effect of School Facilities towards the Performance of CSA-B Students.”

Conceptual Literature

Student achievement is the outcome of all student efforts to achieve a specific goal. In every

achievement there's always a process to take like examination to test how for the intelligence of

every students. Success is measured by academic performance or how well a student meets

standard set on by the institution itself. There are two type factors affecting the student

performance and it’s the internal and external factors. Internal factors includes student

competence, class schedules and many more while the external factors include family problems,

financial and social problems. School facilities plays a vital role in enhancing the performances

of student. Facilities enable learners to develop scientific attitudes and problem solvings.

School facilities has a really big impact towards the performance of students. If the school don't

have better facilities it really has a big impact causing the students to have a poor performance.

Library as a building or room in which collection of books, tapes, newspapers etc. are kept for

people to read, study, and borrow. Library really helps the student in achieving a better

performance. Laboratory has been conceptualized as a room or building specially build for

teaching and demonstrate of theoretical phenomenal into practical term. This place is a facility

that provides controlled condition in which experiment and measurement may be performed.

(Adediwura and Tayo 2007)

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Related Studies

In this chapter, the related literature will examine under the following sub-
headings\;
1. Student achievement
2. Factors affecting student achievement
3. Schools facilities
4. Management of school facilities
5. Relationship between school facilities and students performance
6. creating interest in learning

Student achievement
Academic achievement is the outcome of education – the extent to which a student, teacher or
institution has achieved their educational goals. Academic achievement is commonly measured
by examination and continuous assessment.
Yusuf and Adigun (2010), Lydish and Nasoga (2009) noted that the performance of students in
any academic test has always been of special interest to the government, Educationists, Parents
and society at large.
Schools are commonly evaluated using students achievement data (Heck, 2009). Students
assessment result is the basic for judging the performance of teachers and teachers celebrate when
their schools and Students are highly ranked.

Smith (2004) noted that in educational institution, success is measured by academic performance
or achievement or how well a student meets standards set out by the institution itself. Success in
educational institution has so much been associated with one’s performance in examinations.
Student who do well in examinations get a chance of proceeding to higher level of studies in the
subject and its related disciplines and so consequently become a source of man power in the chosen
career and therefore with the knowledge and skills that have been acquired, the student will be
able to live and independent and useful life both himself / herself and the larger community in
which he /she lives. Susan (2000) noted that as career competition grows evermore fierce in the
working world, the importance of students doing well in school has caught the attention of parents,
legislators and government educational department alike. Although education is not the only road
to success in the working world, much effort is made to identify, evaluate, track and encourage the
progress of students in schools. Parent cares about their child’s academic achievement because
they believe good academic result will provide more career choices and job security. Schools,

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though invested in fostering good academic has it for the same reasons, are also often influenced
by concerns about the school’s reputation and the possibility of monetary aid from government
institutions, which can hinge on the overall academic achievement of the school. State and federal
department of education are charge with improving schools, and so devise methods of measuring
success in order to create plans for improvement, frank (2003).

In Chile, for instance, teachers are rewarded collectively when they work in schools which are
identified as high-performing by National performance Evaluation system of subject subsidized
schools (organization for Economic co-operation and Development, 2005).
According to Adediwura and Tayo (2007) academic achievement is designated by test and
examination scores or marks assigned by the subject teachers. Student performance can be low,
average or high (Savowy 1998).
Performance of students can be affected by several factors, which can be student related factors,
school related factors (teacher) and home related factors (Adediwura, A.A and Tayo, T. 2007).
Savowy (1998) suggested that a catalogue of useful visual aid that are good for teaching and that
are good for teaching and that can enhance or improve students’ performance.
Students achievement is driven by helping teachers construct learning scenario that are meaningful
to individual students, relevant to their circumstances and cognizant of their prior of learning and
potential.
Understanding what students have achieved, where they should need next and how to effectively
reach their destination requires a coordinated effort, bringing together best of breed learning and
assessment tools with engaging nd effective ontent and instruction.
Summary, several factor have been identified to influence student performance which may be
low, high or medium performances.

FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT

Many researchers has listed different factors that affected students academic achievement in their
research. According to Herb and El-Sharawin, (2006) there are two type of factors affecting
student performance. These are internal and external classroom factors. Internal classroom factors
includes student competence, class schedules, class size, textbooks, class test result, learning
facilities, environment of the class, complexity of course materials, teacher role in the class,
technology used in the class and exam systems. External ones include extra- curricular activities,
family problems, financial problems, social and other problems.

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 Noble (2006) emphasized student academic accomplishment and activities, perception of their
coping strategies and positive attributions and background characteristics (i.e family income,
parent level of education guidance from parent and number of negative situation in the home) were
indirectly related to their composite scores through academic achievement in high school. Young
(1999), held the view that students performance are intend with the use of library and level of their
parental education. To Hussan (2006), the guidance from parent and the teachers indirectly affects
the performance of students. According to Reid (1995), learning preferences refers to a person’s
natural habitual and preferred way of assimilating new information. A good match between
students learning preferences and instruction teaching style has been demonstrated to have positive
effect on student’s performance (Herb and El-sharawi 2006). Self motivation, age of student,
learning preference are identified as factors affecting students performance. (Arpin, Mahmood,
ohazaid, yeop and Anuar, 2008), keman, Bogart and Whet 2010) held that academic success of
graduate student will be enhanced if the optimal related barrier are low. A student performance
have been to affected by several factors and this depend on time, location, age, competence.
Jeynes (2002) held that parent socio-economic condition, which includes parent’s academic and
professional qualification, revenue and occupational affliction, is also associated with academic
gain of students. The result of many studies confirmed that academic achievement of student is
contingent upon parent’s socio-economic status. So the students belonging to background from
higher social economic standard will perform better than those student associated with low socio-
economic status is generally determined by combining parents’ qualification, occupation and
income standard” (Harry 2002). Among many research studies conducted on academic
achievement, it is not very surprising to observe the socio-economic status is one of the main
element studies while predicting academic performance.
Gractz (1995) conducted a study on socio-economic status of the parents of students and concluded
that the socio-economic background has a great impact on student academic performance, main
source of educational imbalance among student’s academic success contingent very strongly on
parents’ standard. Cosidine and Zappala (2002) also having the same view as Coreaz (1995), in
their study on the influence of social and economic disadvantage in the academic performance of
school students noticed, where the parents or guardian have succeed, educational and economical
advantage of definitely strengthen the higher level of success in future. It is also noted that these
parent make available sufficient psychological and emotional shore up to their children by
providing good educational and learning environment that produce confidence and the
improvement of skills needed for success. It is also assumed the learning outcome of student are
strongly affected by the standard and type of educational institution in which students get their
education. The educational environment of the school one attends sets the parameters of students
learning outcomes.
Considine and Zappala (2002) quoted sparkles (1999) showed that schools environment and
teachers expectations from their student also have strong influence on student performance. Most
of the teachers working in poor schools having run short of basic facilities often have low
performance expectations from their students and when students know that their teachers have low
performance expectation from them, hence it leads to poor performance by the students. Kwesiga

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(2002) approved that performance of the student is also influenced by the school in which they
studies but he also usually determine the quality of the school, which in turn affect the performance
and accomplishment of its student.
Sentamu (2003) argue that schools influence educational process in content organization, teacher
and teaching, learning and in the end evaluation of all.

Many studies on the influence of environment have come out with the view that the home, the
schools, and the communities determine the extent of students achievement in school. Human
being differs from one another due to heredity and environmental factors. In the development of
an individual both heredity and environmental interact, that is inter play of these two factors.

Darwin’s theory of a national selection on survival of the fittest postulate the roles that
environment plays in the development of individual. Many support Darwin’s view that man is
what he is because of his social environment. It is believed that through the interplay of the
environmental and biological inheristics, man has developed physical characteristic that enable
him to cope with the demand of his environment.
Noble (2006) asserted that family is the first socializing agent and the most influential, it is
responsible for rearing and educating the children during their early years.
Herb and El-sharawin (2006) concluded that the major motivation to learn or not to learn start
with the family is reinforce by respected comparison and occasion is strengthen by neighbours,
community and teacher. Teachers build upon what has been initiated by a father, a mother, a
brother, a sister, friends or perhaps relatives. However, Afe (2001) pointed out that the school
environment is exerting the greatest influence next to the home on the students developing,
according to him a favourable school environment is the one which stimulate sufficient and
relevant physical facilities like libraries, teaching materials space and instructional resources. It is
one in which there is a sense of psychological well being, in which the teacher is capable of
establishing report mutual esteem, good relationship and enhance the mental health of the learners.
Keeves (1982) is one of the view that educational environment is related to student’s achievement.
He describes three educational environment, the home, the school and peer group to investigate
the influence these factors have on academic achievement. Keeves found out that the inspiration
and attitude of parent towards the student influence of parent influence their level of achievement
in biology and other sciences subjects.
Teacher qualifications is also one of the factors affecting the teaching –learning process as well
student’s academic performance in biology. According to national policy on education (1977) no
education system can rise above the quality of teachers. Teachers of biology should be biology
specialist and effectively handle the teaching of biology. In support of national policy on
education, Afe (2001), opined that whatever the profession, there is need for training in order to
create awareness of the problems of that profession, he further stressed that such training would

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improve the level of competence of dealing with such problem. Adediwura (2007) observed that
some principal accept ordinary diploma holder in microbiology to handle biology subject in higher
classes. As a result of this, there was increase in failure rate of student in the subject. The
government knows that importance of the suitable staffing in schools as one of the solution to
arrest the dedening standard in public examination.
Akintola (1997) stated that the Nigeria Education research council (NERC), point of view and
experiences gathered across the country, it is our discovery that the teaching of biology in Nigeria
secondary school had been growing downwards for the teacher to be effective, he must have in
addition to interest, the right training and qualification. In education, resources are the sum total
of everything used directly or indirectly for the purpose of educational training to support, facilitate
or encourage the acquisition of knowledge, competent, skill, and know-how (Hallack 1990). He
divide the resources into human and materials resources, according to him, human resources refers
to teachers and other support personnel who assist in the ;process of teaching. Teachers have been
identified or recognized as indispensable human resources and infact the single most importance
element in the school system, more important than the quality of equipment and materials (Hallak
1990).
The importance of teachers was given prominent by federal republic of Nigeria National policy
on education. When it stated that no education system can rise above the quality of its teachers and
as such teacher’s education will continue to be given a major emphasis in all educational planning.
Emeke and Yoleye (1992) in reviewing current research of science and its implication for
secondary school teacher brought out the fact that teaching methodology in science goes a long
way to determine the quality of learning that takes place in the students. In the view of Wright,
Horn and Sander (1997) teachers play a crucial role in education attachment because they are
ultimately responsible for translating policy into action and principle and they concluded that the
most important factor influencing student learning is the teacher. Teacher is the interface of the
transmission of knowledge, values and skills in the learning process. If the teacher is ineffective,
students under the tutelage of such teacher may achieve inadequate progress academically; this is
regardless of how similar or different the students are in terms of individual potential in academic
achievement.

SCHOOL FACILITIES
Writing on the role of school facilities in enhancing student performance, Balogun (2004)
submitted that no effective science education programme cannot exist without facilities for
teaching. This is because facilities enable learners or student to develop scientific attitudes and
problem solving skills. Akinfolarin (2006) identified facilities as a major contributing factor to
academic performance in the school system.
Different studies conducted by Ayodele (2000) and vandiver (2004) showed that a positive
relationship exist between availability and student performance. Bandele (2003) noted that the

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importance of school facilities cannot be relegated. Facilities like modern laboratories, libraries
and classrooms are to be put in place in all school.
Adesola (2008) found out the level of available resources is indeed a plus to the teachers and goes
a long way to show the level of ingenuity and commitment of the teacher towards effective delivery
of lesson.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND SCHOOL FACILITIES.

The relationship between school facilities and student achievement has been investigated for
instance, Aderounmu, aworant and Kasali (2001) investigated “the impact of the school facility in
science, mathematic and mathematics education on student performance at the National Technical
certificate (NBC) examination in five government technical colleges in Oyo state from 2000-2005
and found that facilities has a significant influence on student performance. Ivowi (2000) and
Cirfat and Zumyil (2000) observed that lack of science equipment and laboratories are major
causes of poor performance in science subjects in secondary schools in Nigeria. Dan Azumi (1998)
recterated that one of the most repeatedly mentioned problems causing poor performance in
science subjects, biology inclusive since the introduction of SSCE is lack of equipment and
materials to conduct practical. From the foregoing discussion, there is a strong indication that
academic achievement of science students correlates with school facilities available at their
disposal in the school. Some elements that constitutes these facilities and their impact on academic
achievement of students.
They are:
Library
Laboratory
School building

LIBRARY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

Oxford advance learner’s dictionary described a library as a building or room in which collection
of books, tapes, newspaper e.t.c are kept for people to read, study or borrow. Library is an
organized collection of sources of information and similar resources, made available to a defined
community for reference or borrowing. It provides a physical or digital access material and may
be a physical building or room or virtual space or both.
According to frank (2003), a library must be up to date and at the same time allow access to older
materials. It must be properly supported financially to fund materials and services among others.
While itemizing the types of libraries, Ola (2000) opined that secondary school library in whatever
form has replaced the radiation method of “chalk and talk” in impacting knowledge to students,
that it effects on academic performance need not be over-emphasized. He concluded that a well
equipped library is a major academic achievement of high educational standard. In his words,

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Farombi (1998) reiterated that school libraries may not be effective if the books therein are not
adequate and up to date as its impact may be meaningful if the library could be opened to the
student always for a considerable length of time in a school day.
The importance of library has been demonstrated by the government when she expressed in the
National policy on education (NPE) that every state ministry needs to provide funds the
establishment of libraries in all her educational institutions and to train librarian and library
assistants. As a resources it occupies a central and primary place in any school system. It supports
all functions of school teaching and provides service and guidance to its readers. Moreover, fuller
(1986) identified a school library as an instructional resources which may significantly influence
students’ achievement after controlling for students’ family background, he found that effected
library size and its activity have been positive in 15 out of 18 analysis.
Also, in his study on the relationship between instructional facilities and academic achievement,
popoola (1999) discovered that library correlates with academic achievement and those school
with well equipped library normally maintain high academic performance. In addition to providing
materials, libraries also provide the service of librarians who are expert of finding and organizing
information and at interpreting information needs.
Modern library are increasingly being redefined as a place to get unrestricted access to information
in many format and from many sources, they are extending services beyond the physical walls of
a building by providing materials accessible by electronic means and by providing assistance of
librarians in navigating and analyzing very large amount of information with variety of digital
tools, Adewale (2000).
Library is an essential factor in teaching –learning process. It forms one of the most important
educational services. The educational process functions in a world of books. The chief purpose of
a school library is to make available to students at his /her convenience, all book, periodicals and
other reproduced materials which one of interest and value to him /her.

LABORATORY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

Laboratory has been conceptualized as a room or building specially built for teaching and
demonstration of theoretical phenomenon into practical terms.
A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological
research, experiments and measurement may be performed. Laboratories are used for scientific
research takes many form because of the differing requirement of specialists in the various of field
of sciences. Faronmi (1998) argued the saying that a seeing is believing as the effect of using
laboratories in teaching of science subjects as student tends to understand and recall what they see
than they hear or were told . laboratory is essential to the teaching of sciences and the success of
any science course is much dependent on laboratory practical provision made for it.
Affirming this, Ogunniyi (1999) said that there is a general consensus among science educators
that the laboratory occupies a central position in science instruction. It could be describes as a

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place where theoretical works practicalised whereas practical in any leaving experience involve
students in activities such as observing, measuring, experimenting, recording, counting and
carrying out field work.
According to Shulman and Tamir, in the book of research or science teaching (1999) listed some
objectives that may be achieved through the use of laboratory in teaching learning process of
science as follows;
1. Skills – Manipulative, inquiry, investigative, organization, communicative etc.
2. Concepts – such as theoretical model and hypothesis
3. Cognitive abilities – critical thinking, or problem solving, application analysis synhthesis
4. Understanding the nature of science – such as scientific enterprise, scientist and how they work,
existence of multiplicity of scientific methods, inter relationship between science and technology
and among other various disciplines in science.
5. Scientific attitudes – curiosity, interest risk taking, objectivity, precision, responsibility,
perseverance, consensus satisfaction e.t.c Soyibo (2004), laboratory helps to provide a forum
wherein the learner is given the exercise to subject his beliefs, ideas statement, theoretical
proposition e.t.c to some form of experimental test.

In terms of academic achievement, soyibo and Nyong (2004) have shown that school with well
equipped laboratories have better result in the school certificate eveninetion than those that are ill-
equipped.
Corroborating this, Gona (1998) reitaracted that student instructed entirely by the laboratory
method had higher attitudes are.
Yader (2007) opined that no course in science can be complete without including some practical
work. The practical work ought to be carried out by individuals either in science laboratory or
classes. At school level, practical is even more important because of the fact that we easily learn
by doing. Scientific practical and application are thus rendered more meaningful. It is an
established truth that an object handled impress itself more firmly on the mind and memory than
the object merely seen from a distance or an illustration. This practical work forms an important
factor in any science course (UNESCO, 2008). School building and academic achievement
Many researches finding have shown that the success of any educational endeavour rest on the
availability the school building.
Writing on its importance, Olutola (2004) noted that the availability of school building and
classroom and other plats contribute good academic achievement as they can enhance effective
teaching –learning process, he further stated, that well sited schools building should be
comfortable, pleasant and psychological uplifting. It should produce a passive physical setting that
is educationally stimulating, it should produce a feeling of well-being among its occupants; the
student and it should support the educational process all these condition can only be met through

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the cooperative effort of imaginative teachers and administrators and a creative knowledgeable
architect.
Earlier in his study, Williams (2003) scientifically said that school building are very vital input to
educational system; emphasizing that even they do not teach but their use may facilitate or impede
learning. However, he did not see school building as one of the critical variable affecting student
achievement because he found no evidence that expensive school would necessarily improve
academic achievement.
Management of school facilities: Provision, utilization, maintenance and improvement.
Application of appropriate management techniques would assist in taking care of all available
facilities. In other words, facilities which might have suffered neglect is a result of careless,
ignorance, lack of commitment and lack of resources for management, would receive attention
from school administrators and inspectors. Also school facilities which are well managed are likely
to be durable. This will save us the lost replacement within a short period of procurement. In
addition, there would be safety from danger, disaster and theft when facilities are well managed,
certain facilities, especially the ones in the laboratories, are delicate, dangerous, expensive and
explosive. They need to be well managed in order to avoid the danger which would arise from
their usage.
Also, disaster such as flood and could be avoided if their proper planning for safety precautions.
Stages of facility management includes;
1. Provision of school facilities
Execution of educational programme demands that facilities are provided if success is to be
achieved. Government, school proprietors, parents and other stakeholders are expected to provide
the facilities for the schools, the government stated that all stake holders could be involved in evry
areas of school management, provision of facilities inclusive, however, this aspect is one of the
most neglected areas in school system Olagboye (2004), as a result there is disparity in provision
of facility from one school to another in urban center while the schools in rural areas are neglected.
2. Utilization of school facilities.
Adeboyeje (2000) stated that utilization is the degree or extent to which an item has been put to
effective. According to him, various degree of utilization include non-utilization, under -
utilization, maximum –utilization, optimum utilization and over- utilization. Non-utilization
occurs when a facility is not put into use at all. When a facility is not used in its full capacity, under
utilization occurs. There is over- utilization when a facility is used more than its capacity. These
degree of utilization constitute a waste of resource and counter productive. On the other hand
maximum utilization occurs when facilities are put into effective usage in line with the primary
objectives. Optimum utilization occurs when facilities are used for many purposes by the school
and members of the community. Resources put into maximum and optimum usage are not wasted.
They are likely to enhance achievement of educational objectives. Olagunju (2010) states that the
process of managing and organizing resources is called resource utilization. The utilization of

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resources in teaching brings about fruitful learning since it stimulate student sense as well as
motivating them Olagunju (2010).
Akaro (2005) and Eze (2002) held that resources can only be utilized when they are available and
that there should be invested in this wise in educational institutions for proper utilization of
materials resources and skills for effective teaching of science. The facilities should be provided
in quality and quantity in science, technical and mathematics classroom for effective teaching and
learning process (Umeoduagu, 2006).
3. Maintenance of school facilities.
Facilities tends to depreciate as soon as they are provided and put into use. Therefore, there is need
for maintenance through repair and serving of components in order to restore their physical
condition and sustain their working capacity. Maintenance enhances performance and durability.
It is also prevent wastages.
There are preventive, corrective, breakdown and shutdown maintenance sources (Adeboyeje,
2000).
Preventive maintenance occurs regularly by checking and rechecking the available facilities and
taking necessary measures to prevent mal functioning or non-functioning a particular facility.
Prevention is not only better: it is also cheaper than any other measures, it is proactive in nature
corrective maintenance involves reactivation or replacement of facilities in order to normalize their
performance. When a facility or equipment breaks down completely, a major repair or replacement
may be needed.
4. Improvement of facilities
Apart from depreciation, facilities tend to be out dated as a result of changing needs of the society
which necessitate a change in school curriculum (Frank 2006). In this regard, facilities will need
to be improved different period. Improvement of facilities implies alteration or modification of
facilities to suit a new demand, new situation or programme, whenever there are changes in any
part of the education system, the existing facilities will require modification or replacement.
Creating interest in student:
As educators, we know that giving an interest and strong background in science and technology
is vital for our student’s success. Creating interest refers to the degree to which the student pursue
goals with commitment and takes pride in accomplishment (Lenclech, 2010), several facilities and
methods have been identified as a means of arousing or motivating students. Savory (1958), added
that a well planted and imaginative use of visual aids in lesson should do much to beamish apathy,
supplement inadequacy of books as well as arouse student interest by giving them something
practical to see and do, and at the same time helping to train them to think things out themselves.
It has been reported that inquiry based strategies are intended to increase student. Inquiry is the
basis building block for science education for elementary schools (Bee, 2011). Inquiry uses skills
that are active, persistent and based on a person’s knowledge and is vibrant approach to learning
that involves exploration, questioning, making discoversand testing discoveries to search for a new

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understanding (Lemlech, 2010). The five E/instructional model is used to create or develop interest
in student and this involves five phases that begin with the letter E- engage, explore, explain,
elaborate and evaluate. The National Science Teacher Association (NSTA) also supports
curriculum incorporating inquiry for student.
Interest of student in a subject can be developed and interest in certain subject affects student
performance (Lemhech, 2010). In summary, several factors have been recognized as a prominent
factor
affecting student achievement or performance. The influence of school facilities as one of those
factors affecting student’s achievement cannot be over-emphasized, therefore, availability of these
facilities in adequate quality and quantity is capable of enhancing students academic achievement.
The facilities have to be properly managed in order to be able to contribute positively to
achievement of educational objectives.

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 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes how the participants will be chosen, what data collection technique will be

used, and how the data will be analyzed.

Research Design

This study aims to determine the effects of facilities towards the performance of students. To meet

the need of the study, the descriptive and correlational research design was used. The researcher

aim to examining possible connection between facilities and student achievement. According to

Howell(2002)This design was deceptive in nature, investigating the possible impact of school

facilities on student achievement, attendance, and discipline and also it’s correlational, the

researcher seeks to understand what kind of relationships occurring have with one another,

furthermore, this research design provides the opportunity to increase the understanding

developments in the field of education.

Participants

The target participants for this study will be focusing specifically on Grade 11 ABM

Students of CSA-B which are in the total of 297 who were able to use the School Facilities for

educational purposes. In order to determine the sample size, the Slovin's formula was utilized.

Slovins's formula is used to calculate an appropriate sample size from a population. Statistics is a

way of looking at a population's behavior by taking a sample. It's usually impossible to survey

every member of a population because of money or time. (S. Esecel, 2012).

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Instrument

The instrument used was a researcher made questionnaire checklist to gather the need data

for the student's profile. The draft of the questionnaire was drawn out based on the researcher's

reading, previous studies professional literature, published and unpublished thesis relevant to the

study. In the preparation for the instrument, the requirements in designing good data collection

instruments were considered. Open ended options were provided to accommodate to free formatted

views related to the topic or issues. In this rate instrument is authorized to obtain valid responses

of the students. In the end it encouraged to open responses to sensitive at hand. In addition

instruments are validated by professional professor before it laid to the study.

Validity and Reliability of Instrument

Date Gathering Procedure

As for the data gathering, the first step before going to the testing paper is to make a request

letter. Upon approval, the researcher retrieves the request letter. The principal, as well as class

advisers and other faculty members were selected in the administration.

In administering the questionaire, the researcher use the time alloted for vacant to avoid

distractions of class discussions. The respondents will be given enough time to answer the

questions. After data gathering, the researcher now collected it for tallying the scores and to apply

the statistical treatment to be used in the study.

Sampling Technique

To choose the respondents of the study, the random sampling will be used. Random

sampling is the basic sampling technique where we select a group of subjects for study from a

larger group (easton, 2006). In this techniques, each member of the population has an equal chance

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of being selected as subject. The sample size was selected by means of lottery method where in

you will have to number each member of population in a consequent manner, writing numbers in

separate pieces of paper then fold it where in samples are to be taken randomly from the box

choosing folded pieces of paper in a random manner.

References

Yusuf and Adigun (2010), Lydish and Nasoga (2009) Teacher factors influencing students’ academic
achievement in secondary schools in Nyandarua county,Kenya.

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(Heck, 2009) Teacher effectiveness and student achievement

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(Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, 2005)

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Adediwura and Tayo (2007) (Savoy 1998) The possible influence of school facilities on student
achievement in biology in secondary schools in Akoko north east local government, Ondo state.

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https://www.academia.edu/19747495/THE_POSSIBLE_INFLUENCE_OF_SCHOOL_FACILITIES_ON_STUDE
NT_ACHIEVEMENT_IN_BIOLOGY_IN_SECONDARY_SCHOOLS_IN_AKOKO_NORTH_EAST_LOCAL_GOVERN
MENT_ONDO_STATE

Herb and El-Sharawin, (2006) The possible influence of school facilities on student achievement in biology
in secondary schools in Akoko north east local government, Ondo state.

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(Herb and El-sharawi 2006) Factors Affecting Students' Performance

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(Arpin, Mahmood, ohazaid, yeop and Anuar, 2008) Understanding Factors Affecting Performance in an
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(Keman, Bogart and Whet 2010) The possible influence of school facilities on student achievement in
biology in secondary schools in Akoko north east local government, Ondo state.

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Cosidine and Zappala (2002) The influence of social and economic disadvantage in the academic
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Kwesiga (2002) Women’s access to higher education in Africa: Uganda’s experience. Kampala: Fountain
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Afe (2001) Effects of Teachers’ Effectiveness on Students’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary
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Ayodele (2000) and vandiver (2004) The possible influence of school facilities on student achievement in
biology in secondary schools in akoko north east local government, ondo state

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MENT_ONDO_STATE

Questionnaire

Name (Optional): _______________________________________________________________

Age _____16 _____17_____18 F_____ M_____

Grade level _____11 _____12 Strand: ____Abm ____Stem_____Humss____

Please check the ff. Facilities which are provided inside the classroom.
____Air Conditioner
____Television
____Projector
____HDMI
____chairs
____Electric fan
____cabinets
____others

Please check the top three facilities that you believe that's very helpful to your study

____Air Conditioner

____Television

____Projector

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____HDMI

____chairs

____Electric fan

____cabinets

____others

Do having the top three facilities mentioned above really helps and motivate you to learn?
____Yes (Continue below)

____ No

Does having the facilities mentioned above has an impact to my grades

____Strongly Agree
____Agree
____Strongly Disagree
____Disagree

What additional facilities would you recommend to CSA-B Management that must be added?

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