TEXT

INFORMATION &
MEDIA
MEMBERS:
Allatog,Daryle,D.
De Torres, John Michael
De Vera, Perry
Valbuena, Alexis Danniel
Text Information and Media
=Data sources in the form of printed media, controlled databases, and similar numeric
or textual formats. Text media are data or information sources which exist as references in
textual, numeric, or similar formats.

What is a Text?
=A non fiction writing written with intention of informing the reader about a specific topic.
Characteristics of Text Information and Media.
=A text is effortful to comprehend.
=A text has its limitations too.
=In information technology, text is a human-readable sequence of character s and the
words they form that can be encoded into computer-readable formats.

Types of Text
 Expository texts
=is intended to identify and characterise experiences, facts, situations,
and actions in either abstract or real elements. Expository texts are meant
to explain, inform or describe and they are the most frequently use to
write structures. Expository structures can be classified into five
categories:
o Description-where the author describes a topics characteristics,
features, attributes, etc. and gives examples.
o Procedure or Sequence-the author lists different activities in their
chronological order or enumerates items in a numerical order.
o Comparison-the author explains how two or more objects,
events, experiences, are alike and/or different.
o Cause-effect explanation- the author presents ideas, events in
time, or facts as causes and the resulting effect(s) in time.
o Problem-solution presentation-the author describes a problem
and gives one or more solutions to the problem.

 Narrative texts
=Narrative texts deal with imaginary or real world and can be fictional
(fairy tales, novels, science fiction, horror or adventure stories, fables,
myths, legends, etc.) and non-fictional (articles, newspaper reports,
historical writings).
 Argumentative texts
=aim is to change the readers’ beliefs. They often contain negative
qualities or characteristics of something/someone, or try to persuade their
readers that an object, product, idea is in some way better than others.
4 Principles in Producing Text Information
 Functional
=Functional texts can include everything from the how-to instructions on a
do-it-yourself website to the product manual for your fridge. Other
examples include brochures, menus, warranties, directories, forms to fill
out, signs, recipes, and even public transportation schedules.
 Administrative
=Are those that are created as a means of communication between a
public or private institution and a specific individual.This is typical writing that we receive
from the Treasury, Security, Social, an Official State Gazette, etc. They usually have a
rigid and formal style and have a merely informative mission.

 Aesthetic
=is situated where aesthetic discourses meet the realm of technological
and mediatic phenomena. Media specific concepts are seen as dynamic
and contextually flexible; always reflecting their specific situatedness
within a medial, technological, social or cultural context.
 Cognitive
= tends to focus on the experience and reaction of the film spectator, on
the relationship between film content proper, context in which the
viewing experience takes place, and viewer psychology

Internal Textual Structures

=Internal Text Structure is the way the ideas in a text are organized.

 Sequence
= The passage shows the time order in which events occurred. Also the
writer presents a series of events or explains a procedure or process in the order
they happen.

SIGNAL WORDS
first, second, third, now, before,
after, then, next, finally, following,
while, meanwhile, last, during,
not long, when, on date
  Problems and Solution
= The passage describes a problem and its solution(s).
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
Look for a problem mentioned in the beginning of the text. These texts might have a
question-and-answer format.

 Compare and Contrast

= The writer discusses the similarities and differences of two ideas,
objects, or processes . Also the purpose of the passage is to show similarities and
differences between two things.
SIGNAL WORDS
different from, same as, alike,
similar to, unlike, but, as well as,
yet, either…or, compared to, in
contrast, while, although, unless,
however

 Cause and Effect

= The writer explains the reasons for an event or phenomenon. The
purpose of the passage is to show the cause or causes of an outcome OR to
show the effect(s) of an event.
SIGNAL WORDS
so that, because of, thus, unless,
since, as a result, then, reasons
for, consequently, explanation
for, nevertheless, thus,
accordingly

External Textual Structure

= are text structures in which the writer helps you read and understand
informational or expository text. Pictures/Diagrams/ Illustrations are used as models
and are labeled on what the article is talking about.

TYPES of EXTERNAL STRUCTURE

 Italics
= Italics are slanted font and used to make a word or phrase stand out
This is an example of Italics
 Bold
= Bold words informs the reader of important key words/vocabulary
This is an example of BOLD

 Headings
= A title at the head of a page or section of a book.

 Graphics/illustrations
= is a visualization such as a drawing, painting, photograph or other
work to better explain the text. It is also a visual representation of data or
numbers.

 Footnotes
= Are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or
comment on a designated part of the text above it.
 Sidebar
=Sidebars are boxes of information that give extra information about a
topic.