MSE 505 - HW #7

2-5.

(Source: http://invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/carbonmod/crystalline.html)

From Eq. (2-11) of the textbook:

( )

⇒ ( ) ( )
⏟

( ) ( )

E = elastic modulus; A = area on which the force is acting ; r = initial length

Therefore, one can see that the values of the elastic modulus E along different crystallographic
directions not only depend on the curvature of the potential energy curve at the equilibrium
position (r = r0), but they also depend on the area over which the force is acting. In this problem,
the two measurements gave different values of the elastic modulus because areas of the
crystallographic planes on which the force is acting are different.
6-1. σx

X
σz σz

σy σx
Y

We use Von-Mises Criterion for yielding:

*( ) ( ) ( ) +

Plugging in the values of σy, σz and σY in the above equation and solving for minimum value of
σx we get the following quadratic equation:

In both cases, maximum shear stress comes out to be τmax = 34228.8 psi ≥ τY (= σY/2 = 30000
psi). Therefore, axial stress required to cause yielding is either a tensile stress of 58457.6 psi or a
compressive stress of 53457.6 psi.
6-3.

τY

(̅ ) – this is a {110} type plane

[̅ ]
ϕ
θ

[111]
σ [100]

Following the convention of the textbook ϕ is the angle between the normal of the (100) and
( ̅ ) crystallographic planes and θ is the angle between [100] tensile axis direction and [111]
slip plane directions.

⇒ (to cause yielding)

[ ] [̅ ] | | |√ |

⇒
√

[ ] [ ] | | |√ |

⇒
√
Ignoring the negative value of cos ϕ,

⇒ √ ⇒
√ √

Therefore, minimum axial stress required to cause yielding is 24494.9 psi.

6-4.

(̅ ) – this is a {110} type plane

[̅ ]
ϕ τY
θ

σF [100] [110]
Similar to Problem 6-3,

⇒ (to cause yielding)

[ ] [̅ ] | | |√ |

⇒
√

[ ] [ ] | | |√ |

⇒
√
Ignoring the negative value of cos ϕ

⇒ ⇒ to cause yielding
√ √

Therefore, σmin > σF = 30000 psi

Therefore, the material will fracture before plastically deforming when a stress is applied along
<100> directions.
 σ0
6-10.

Initial volume V0 = x0y0z0

z0 Let’s assume, deformation in x-direction is Δx

Therefore, final length in the x-direction is:

x0 x1 = x0 + Δx = x0 (1 + Δx/x0) = x0 (1 + εx)
y0
Similarly,
σ0
y1 = y0 + Δy = y0 (1 + Δy/y0) = y0 (1 + εy)

z1 = z0 + Δz = z0 (1 + Δz/z0) = z0 (1 + εz)

Here, εx, εy and εz are the strains in the x, y and z- directions.

Therefore, final volume Vf = x1y1z1 = (x0y0z0) * (1 + εx) * (1 + εy) * (1 + εz)

= V0 * (1 + εx) * (1 + εy) * (1 + εz)

As volume is constant after deformation, therefore Vf = V0

Therefore, (1 + εx) * (1 + εy) * (1 + εz) = 1

Ignoring the 2nd and higher order terms we get,

1 + εx+ εy+ εz = 1

εx+ εy+ εz = 0

Now, if tensile stress was applied in the y-direction (as shown in the figure) then, εx = εz

Therefore, 2εx+ εy = 0 or εx = εz = - 0.5 εy

Now Poisson’s ratio, ν is defined as,

ν = - εx / εy = - εz / εy = 0.5

Therefore, constant volume Poisson’s ratio is estimated to be 0.5. It is noted that rubber has a
Poisson’s ratio of 0.5
Another approach (circular cylinder):
σ0

r0

H0

σ0

In this case, initial radius is r0 and initial height is H0. After deformation final radius is r1 and
final height is H1. In this case, Poisson’s ratio ν = - εr / εH

As before, r1 = r0 (1 + εr) and H1 = H0 (1 + εH)

As volume is constant before and after the deformation, Therefore

π r02 H0 = π {r0 (1 + εr)}2 H0 (1 + εH)

(1 + εr)2 (1 + εH) = 1

(1 + 2 εr + εr2) (1 + εH) = 1

Ignoring 2nd and higher order terms we get, 1 + εH + 2 εr = 1

εH + 2 εr = 0 or εr = - 0.5 εH

Therefore, constant volume Poisson’s ratio is estimated to be ν = - εr / εH = 0.5