RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City

College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

MODULE #3
Uninterruptable Power Supply
(UPS)
APC BACK-UPS ES500

CEIT-29-902E || GROUP 4
Magnaye, Victorio Jose
Marasigan, Irene D.
Marcos, Steve Kerl F.
Mendoza, Mark Razel B.
Mutia, Christian Mark M.

Professor:
ENGR. ODILON YANGCO

December 18, 2019

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)

An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides nearly instantaneous power when
the main utility power source fails, allowing either time for power to return or for
the user to shut down the system or equipment normally by closing running
computer system applications and using the operating system to shut down the
system.
The user has between five and 15 minutes to shut down a system normally or bring
an auxiliary power source online to restore the power supply. In addition, most UPS
systems also work to address power source electrical surges, sag voltage, voltage
spikes, frequency instability, noise interference or harmonic distortion from the
ideal sinusoidal wave form.

UNITTERUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) APC ES500

Power Flow

Filter AVR Switching

Input
Output

AC/DC DC/AC
Battery
Charger Inverter

Line-Interactive UPS
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

Ensures power for five to 30 minutes and up to several hours with expansion, by
using a multi-tap, variable-voltage autotransformer, which immediately adds or
subtracts the transformer’s output voltage.

The Line Interactive UPS is the most common design used for small business, Web,
and departmental servers. In this design, the battery-to-AC power converter
(inverter) is
always connected to the output of the UPS. Operating the inverter in reverse during
times when the input AC power is normal provides battery charging.
When the input power fails, the transfer switch opens and the power flows from the
battery to the UPS output. With the inverter always on and connected to the output,
this design provides additional filtering and yields reduced switching transients
when compared with the Standby UPS topology. In addition, the Line Interactive
design usually incorporates a tap-changing transformer. This adds voltage regulation
by adjusting transformer taps as the input voltage varies. Voltage regulation is an
important feature when low voltage conditions exist, otherwise the UPS would
transfer to battery and then eventually down the load. This more frequent battery
usage can cause premature battery failure. However, the inverter can also be
designed such that its failure will still permit power flow from the AC input to the
output, which eliminates the potential of single point failure and effectively provides
for two independent power paths. This topology is inherently very efficient which
leads to high reliability while at the same time providing superior power protection.

How UPS Works?

6OHz
The input section is how AC voltage is supplied to the
Input
UPS and may be an attached or detachable power
cord or hardwired terminals.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

Filter After the input section will be a filter

section. Filter here is used in a general
sense and includes surge protection, EMC
filtering and electrical noise filtering. A filter has a frequency
response and does not attenuate all frequencies the same amount.

AVR The Automatic Voltage Regulator is

used to boost a low voltage during a
brown out situation. A better Voltage
Regulator is commonly used as an addition to a UPS in
situations where wide voltage changes often occur on the
incoming mains. With AVR Technology, instead of going to
battery during high or low input voltages, the unit will
increase (BOOST) or reduce (TRIM) the voltage to a safe
operating range. This is achieved by re-routing the input voltage through the internal
Automatic Voltage Regulating transformer, all without running off of the internal
battery. The main advantage of this is that it helps to prolong the life of the battery
and extends the operating range in which the UPS can operate online.

Switching
In a UPS, a mechanical switch is used, when the
power fails, to switch from mains power to
inverter power. In switching section, the circuit
can be as simple as a relay or more commonly using
thyristors, its purpose is to switch the load between the
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

inverter and the utility mains supply. As has been previously mentioned the output
of the inverter is in phase with the utility mains supply so that any switching between
the two will be virtually seamless. This arrangement ensures that if the inverter
experiences an overload situation, due to its extremely fast over-current detection
circuits it will transfer the load to the more resilient mains supply. A typical example
would be when a server rack is switched on, the inrush current, depending upon the
size of your uninterruptible power supplies, could cause the transfer to the utility
mains supply, and once switched on the load will transfer back to the inverter
providing the inverter has sufficient capacity to support the load. Also a fault on the
inverter will cause the load to be transferred, again virtually seamlessly; it would be
unusual for any loss of load to occur during these conditions.

A charging
circuits.
AC/DC
This
Charger
part of
the UPS converts the
incoming alternating
current (ac) supply to direct current (dc) and can provide charging current for the
battery and also the supply requirements for the inverter.

A battery is needed to keep the UPS running when

Battery
the power fails or sags. Low power UPS use
internal sealed lead-acid, maintenance free batteries. Large UPS
systems often use wet-cell batteries. 10 to 15 minutes is a common back
up time for a small UPS. This is the power storage section and is kept
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

charged either by a separate charger. The batteries can be discharged to a lower

level, in the case of emergency lighting where there is a requirement for a long
autonomy the battery will not be allowed to discharge so far. These conditions help
to allow the maximum design life of the battery to be achieved.

All UPS configurations has

DC/AC an inverter. Higher powered
UPS inverters use a more
Inverter
expensive inverter to
provide a sine-wave output. In this section,
the DC voltage is converted into an AC
voltage with the help of the oscillation. An oscillator is an electronic that
produces an output signal without any applied external output signal. The
inverter performs a basic logic function called inversion or complementation.
The purpose of the inverter is to change on logic level to the opposite logic level.

The output section is where the critical

Output load is attached to, or plugged into, the
UPS. Single or multiple power outlets
might be used that are country specific or generic. A UPS
with a higher power rating will have hardwired
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

BACK-UPS ES500 STATUS INDICATIONS

STATUS AUDIBLE ALARM

VISUAL INDICATION
INDICATION TERMINATES WHEN
On Line - UPS is
supplying conditioned
Power On LED - ON None Not Applicable
utility power to the
load
On Battery - UPS is
supplying battery UPS transfers back to
Power On LED - ON (off Beeping 4 times every
power to the load On Line operation, or
during beep) 30 seconds
connected to the when UPS is turned off
Battery outlets
Low Battery Warning -
UPS is supplying UPS transfers back to
Power On LED - Rapid beeping (1 second
battery power to the On Line operation, or
Flashing intervals)
load connected to the when UPS is turned off
Battery outlets and the
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

Overload Shutdown -
During On Battery
UPS turned off with the
operation a battery Power On LED - OFF Constant tone
power switch.
power supplied outlet
overload was detected.
Sleep Mode - During On
Battery operation the
battery power has been UPS transfers back to
Short beeping 2 times
completely exhausted Power On LED - OFF On Line operation, or
every 4 seconds.
and the UPS is waiting when UPS is turned off.
for utility power to
return to normal
Unit is turned OFF and
then ON and it passes a
subsequent battery
test. If it cannot pass
Replace Battery - Power On LED -
the test, user should
Battery needs to be flashing 2 times per Continuous tone.
contact APC for service
replaced. second
options. When unit is
ON, this test occurs
automatically every 14
days.

SPECIFICATIONS

FEATURE ITEM SPECIFICATION

Voltage / Frequency 230 VAC / 47-63 Hz

Input Low Voltage Transfer 165 VAC

High Voltage Transfer 266 VAC

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

UPS Capacity (battery

powered outlets) 4 for PH 500 VA / 300 Watts
and 3 for AS
Output Voltage (on battery) 230 Vrms +8/-8%
Frequency (on battery) 50/60 Hz +/- 1 Hz
Transfer Time (ms) 8 ms typical, 12 ms max
AC Surge Protection 160 Joules
Surge Protection Telephone Surge Protection None
AC Input Protection Circuit Breaker Switch
Battery Type Sealed Lead Acid

Battery Recharge Time 24 Hours

Average Life Span 2-4 Years

Net Weight 5.9 kg (13 lb)

Physical
27.3 x 17.4 x 9.6 cm (10.74 x
Size
6.85 x 3.78 in)
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

TEST POINT 1: @MOSFET 1

Vdc1 = 12Vdc
Vac1 = 27.5Vac

Transformer of UPS is 6:1

Solution:
V = 27.5Vac * 6
V = 160Vac

TEST POINT 2: @MOSFET 2

Vdc2 = 12Vdc
Vac2 = 27.5Vac

Transformer of UPS is 6:1

Solution:
V = 27.5Vac * 6
V = 160Vac

Problem encountered
1. Difficulty in finding the test points.
2. Low voltage of battery (11.6v)
3. The output of test point is low because the battery.
Solution
1. We use the schematic diagram to locate the test points (Two Mosfet)
2. We replace our battery with 12Vdc output to get the target value.
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Ave, Mandaluyong City
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology