LESSON PLAN

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
A. define antecedent and referent
B. identify antecedent and referent in a sentence
C. construct sentences following the pronoun-antecedent agreement rules

II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Pronoun Antecedent

B. Reference: www.google.com
C. Materials: cartolina, marker, hand outs
D. Value Focus: Understanding
E. Integration: English `

III. Teaching Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities

Greetings
Prayers
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Motivation

Consider the following sentences:

When Gabriel arrived in Gabriel’s house,

Gabriel immediately proceeded to
Gabriel’s room and changed Gabriel’s
clothes before Gabriel joined Gabriel’s
peers in playing basketball.

When Gabriel arrived in his house, he

immediately proceeded to his room and
changed his clothes before he joined his
peers in playing basketball.

Which sentence is better? Sir! The second sentence is better than the
first sentence.

Exactly! The second sentence sounds Sir! The second sentence sounds better than
better than the first sentence the first sentence because it uses pronouns
because_________________________. to take the place of the noun (Daniel).

Very good! Who is the subject used in the Sir! Daniel.

sentence?

Exactly! And what are the pronouns used Sir! his and he
in the second sentence?

Daniel and the pronouns his and he Sir! They form an agreement.
conforms to each other. Therefore, they
form an __________________.

You’re right!
 C. Statement of the Aim

We will be discussing today about

pronoun-antecedent agreement. At the
end of the lesson, you must be able to:
(a) define antecedent and referent (b)
identify antecedent and referent in a
sentence (c) construct sentences
following the pronoun-antecedent
agreement rules
D. Discussion

Let’s review first the definition of pronoun. Sir! Pronouns are used to take the place of
What are pronouns? nouns in sentences.

Exactly! They may refer to a person, place,

thing, idea or feeling.

So why is it that there is a need to take the Sir! In order to avoid repetition.
place of a noun in a sentence?

What do you call the noun that comes before Sir! Antecedents.
the pronoun?

Very good! Ante means ________. It is the word, Sir! Before.

phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers,
understood by the context.

What do you call the pronouns that refer back Sir! Referent.
to nouns?

Now, consider this sentence.

I get worried when the neighbors let their dog
out.

Kindly go to the board and underline once the I get worried when the neighbors let their dog
antecedent. out.

Definitely! How about the referent? Kindly I get worried when the neighbors let their dog
underline twice the referent. out.

Neighbors. Is it singular or plural? Sir! Plural.

Very good! And “theirs” is ________. Sir! Plural

They agree because both are plural. Sir! Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

So the agreement of the referent and the
antecedent is what we called as________________.

Please bring out your handouts. A phrase or clause between the subject and
Kindly read the first rule and the given verb does not change the number of the
example. antecedent.

The can of mongo beans sits on its shelf.

In the sentence, what is the subject? Sir! Can.

You’re right! And how about the verb? Sir! Sits.

In the subject-verb agreement, we said that the (Student volunteered to give an example)
subject and the verb must agree in number.
That is to make sure that both are singulars
and plurals.

Aside from the example given in the hand out,

kindly give an example following this rule. Singular indefinite pronoun antecedents take
singular pronoun referents.

Ex: Each of the employees does a good deal

of work around his or her office.

Next is, Indefinite pronouns as antecedents. Plural indefinite pronoun antecedents

require plural referents.
Ex: Both do a good job in their office.

What is the indefinite pronoun in the given Sir! Both.

example?

Very good! Both, many and several are always

take the plural.

PRONOUNS THAT ARE ALWAYS PLURAL

Many few others
Both several

Kindly give an example, following this rule. (Student volunteered to give an example)

Next agreement is __________________________. Some indefinite pronouns that are modified

by a prepositional phrase maybe either
singular or plural’

Kindly give examples of indefinite pronouns. All, any, each, everyone, few, many, neither,
none, nothing, several, some

Kindly give an example following this rule. (Student volunteered to give an example)

PRONOUNS THAT ARE ALWAYS SINGULAR

Anybody everybody neither
Anyone everyone one
Another nobody no one
Each someone somebody
Either other

Next rule is ____________? When the object of preposition is

uncountable, use a singular referent
pronoun.

Ex. Some of the sugar fell out of its bag

Sugar is what kind of a noun? Sir! Mass noun.

So, is it singular or plural? Sir! Singular.

Very good! What is the next rule under When the object of preposition is countable,
pronoun-antecedent agreement? use a plural referent pronoun.
Ex. Some of the marbles fell out their bag.
Give me other examples aside from the (Student volunteered to give an example)
examples in your handout.

PRONOUNS THAT MAYBE EITHER SINGULAR

OR PLURAL

The pronouns all, any, some and none are plural

or singular according to the meaning of the
sentence.
When they refer to number, they regarded as
plural. When they refer to quantity or mass,
they regarded as singular.

Sir! Compound subjects joined by and and always

Kindly read the next agreement.
take a plural referent.
Margarette and Jordan made their presentation.

(Student volunteered to give an example)

Give me a sentence following this rule.

Take note that if both of these antecedents are

singular and refer to different persons or
things, the antecedent is plural.

However, if the antecedent refers to one

person who fulfills two functions, the pronoun
that takes the place of the antecedent is
singular.

The cook and house keeper did not like his

duties.

The housekeeper were another individual, the

word the would be placed before the word
housekeeper.

Sir! Singular antecedents joined by or/nor are

What’s the next agreement? referred to by singular pronoun.
John nor director find his jacket.

Give me another example following this rule. (Student volunteered to give an example)

Kindly read the next agreement. With compound subjects joined by or/nor,
the referent pronouns agree with the
antecedent close to the pronoun.

Neither the director nor actors did their jobs.

Neither the actors nor the director did his
jobs.

In the first sentence actors is closer to the

referent, that is why the referent is their, which
is in plural form.
What is next agreement? Collective nouns may be singular or plural,
depending on meaning.

The jury reads its verdict.

The jury members gave their individual
opinions.
In the first sentence notice that jury is taken as
one, so the referent is it, which is singular in
form. The second sentence, jury acts as
individuals because it is joined by the word
members.

The next agreement is, title of single entities Sir! The Grapes of Wrath made its character
take singular referent. Kindly read the given seem real.
example.

Give me another example.

(Student volunteered to give an example)

Next agreement is__________

Sir! Plural form subjects with singular
meaning take singular referent.

Kindly give me examples which are plural form Sir! Physics, measles, mumps.
subject but singular in meaning.

The news has lost much of its sting two days

ago.

So the referent of the sentence is in what form? Sir! Singular.

What is the next agreement? Sir! Every or many before a noun or series of
nouns requires a singular referent.

Kindly read the give examples. Every cow, pig, and horse had lost its life in
the fire.
Many a girl wishes she could sing like Tina
Turner.

The next agreement is, The number of vs. a

number before a subject.
When you use “the number”, it takes a singular
referent. On the other hand, “a number” takes a
plural referent.

Read the first example. The number of volunteers increases its rank
daily.
A number of volunteer are offering their
That is the difference between the use of “the help.
number” and “a number”.
 E. Application

(Group the students into four)

List down ten (10) pieces of advice you
want to give to challenged students who
would like to have high grades. Write in
a ½ crosswise. I will give you 5 minutes
to do the task then present it in front of
your classmates.

F. Generalization
Who can sum up our discussion today?
Very good! Kindly differentiate
referents from antecedents.
Sir! Today we discussed about pronouns,
referents, antecedents and pronoun-
antecedent agreement rules.
Sir! Referents are pronouns that refer back to
the noun while antecedent are words for
which pronouns stand.

IV. Evaluation
In a ½ crosswise, underline the antecedent and
encircle the correct referent of the following
sentences.
1. Science, as well as other modern languages,
should have (its, their) place in the curricula.
2. The committee has submitted
recommendations in (its, their) report.
3. Several members of the class indicated (its,
their) desire to attend mass.
4. Each member of the committee must submit
(their, his) response in writing.
5. The girl just had (her, their)monthly period.
6. Anybody who has a complaint against
(his/her) teacher should let the principal know
of such complaint.

V. Assignment
Research on the tenses of verb. Write it in your
notebooks.

Prepared by:

KERR VINCENT A. VELASCO

BSED IV - English