IEEE - 40222

VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION USING MIMO CHANNEL

TO ACHIEVE BETTER SNR AT HIGH BIT RATE
Ayush Ashish Shirsat* and Jagadish Nayak
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City,
Dubai-United Arab Emirates
Email: ayushshirsat96@gmail.com

Abstract- In today’s scenario, efficient usage of achieve better transmission of information, darkening
resources in applications like data communications property of LEDs should be balanced appropriately.
plays an important role. This paper presents a data The tweak comprises of line coding and selection of
transfer mechanism through visible light equalizers to enhance the framework execution [1].
communication (VLC). The VLC technology has Additionally, VLC has light range between 430 THz
become an alternative solution for next generation
and 790 THz (750 nm – 380 nm). The range used by
communication technology by offering low cost and
VLC is limited to short range and due to this reason, it
unregulated bandwidth. In this work, for the
is used for indoor communication compared to RF
transmission of multiple data streams from the
communication which has wide ranges depending upon
transmitter to the receiver, we use Multiple Input
the transmitting power and frequency. To increase the
Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) data transfer rate in VLC, we use spatial multiplexing

modulation technique. The signal-to-noise-ratio
(SNR) is greatly improved by obtaining the incident
ray point between the transmitter and the receiver
using Lambertian emission pattern.
Keywords: Lambertian emission, Multiple input and
multiple output (MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Signal to noise ratio
(SNR), Visible light communication (VLC)
I. INTRODUCTION
Visible light communication (VLC) is used for
indoor communication with the help of optical LED. To
technique [2]. MIMO VLC gives better data transfer
rate for the unmistakable light interchanges. The
congestion and constraints on data transfer capacities,
to increase the range of VLC, have led to advancements
in improvising the remote framework. Thereby, using
optical LEDs can guarantee for interpreting information
at higher data rate.
In order to increase data rate, different
modulation techniques have been adopted such as pulse
position modulation (PPM), On-off keying (OOK) and
pulse width modulation (PWM) that is used for the
intensity modulation towards the conjunction with the

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 IEEE - 40222
incoherent light sources. These modulation techniques
are considered to be robust and simple since the data
rates are not scaled with the signal to noise ratio (SNR)
towards the receiver end. In the VLC set up it is found
that minimum level of intensity is required in the room
environment to translate the SNR in the region of 50-70
dB that are extremely insufficient.
The main motivation of the paper is to use
MIMO OFDM technique so as to increase the bit rate
and obtain better SNR value by varying the angle of
incidence between the transmitter and receiver. The rest
of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 describes
the previous work conducted by different authors in
VLC optical communication and specifies the problem
identified from the related works. Section 3 describes
the proposed methodology and system model used in
the present paper. Section 4 deliberates the results
obtained from the proposed methodology and
comparison with the existing algorithms in order to
prove the proposed method outperform better. Section
5 ends up with the conclusion and future work of the
present paper.
II. RELATED WORKS
There are few authors who have conducted their
studies on VLC and MIMO in optical communication.
The studies are as follows:
The work done by Nuwanpriya et al., [3]
proposes two novel and design of angle of diversity to
achieve MIMO limit with regards to indoor VLC.
Through systematic examination, recreations and tests,
the channel limit and BER execution under different
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settings are exhibited down to earth and are promising
for empowering VLC-MIMO. In the overriding, their
channel limit and BER execution are near that of the LB
collector. The study similarly unmistakably
demonstrates that our proposed PR and HR are a great
deal, more encouraging than SS recipient. The study
results concluded that trust point differing quality
recipients, especially PR and HR, will assume a
noteworthy part and have high potential in future
MIMO obvious light communication frameworks.
Alaka et al., [4] examined the execution of
generalized spatial modulation (GSM) in indoor remote
VLC frameworks. GSM utilizes Nt LED, yet enacts just
Na of a given time. Additionally, for a settled
transmission proficiency, the execution of GSM in VLC
enhances as the half-control semi-edge of the LEDs is
diminished. The study has been compared with the
performance of other MIMO channels such as space
shift keying (SSK), generalized space shift keying
(GSSK), spatial multiplexing (SMP) and spatial
modulation (SM). The study results revealed that GSM
in VLC outflanks the other considered MIMO plans at
direct to high SNRs; for instance, for 8 bits for every
channel utilize, GSM beats SMP and GSSK by around
21 dB, and SM by around 10 dB at 10−4 BER.
In another work, Nuwanpriya et al., [5] planned
to outline the hemispherical focal point towards the
receiver that tackles the accompanying issues in the
absence of MIMO frameworks, and the field of the
perspective of receivers. The correct expression for the
optical power thickness and channel pick up of the
anticipated pictures is obtained with the utilization of
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traditional optics. In addition, the study introduces the
dissemination of optical power on the imaging plane for
different getting positions and tilted beneficiaries over
various delegate indoor situations. The outcomes show
the nearness of low channel relationships between the
individual transmitters and collectors.
The work by Png et al., [6] proposes two choice
methods that trade amongst MIMO and assorted quality
plans for enhancing shadowing and arrangement issues.
In a VLC framework, the transmission nature can be of
two sorts: (1) all LEDs transmit a similar flag stream at
the same time, or (2) every LED transmits distinctive
parts of a flag stream autonomously. Two test models
have been tried to demonstrate the attainability of such
a procedure. The study comes about uncovered that
shadowing and arrangement issues normally
experienced in unmistakable light communication
frameworks can be promptly tackled utilizing these
techniques. Later on, shrewd MIMO frameworks like
these will be significantly more effective as it can be
further modified to control the adjustment procedures in
LED bunches for the poorly molded light lattice. The
channel pickup condition has additionally been
enhanced by considering the centering hole of the
concentrator.
Anusree and Jeyachitra [7] proposed a model to
enhance the execution of MIMO VLC and broke down
scientifically. The execution upgrade is utilizing diverse
equalizers, for example, MMSE (Minimum Mean
Square Error) equalizer, ZF-SIC (Zero Forcing
Equalizer with Successive Interference Cancelation)
equalizer and MMSE-SIC (Minimum Mean Square
8th ICCCNT 2017
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Error with Successive Interference Cancelation). For
2X2, 4X4 MIMO VLC which give enhanced equalizer
execution in the proposed framework. The likelihood of
BER increments regarding the expanding quantities of
handsets is because of the shared coupling between
close adjoining channels. Likewise, the execution of the
MIMO VLC framework changes as indicated by the
execution of the equalizer. In the proposed framework
ZF-SIC gives a superior execution than MMSE. In
future by applying, SIC on both ZF and MMSE than
MMSE-SIC will give better execution notwithstanding
for higher request MIMO.
N. Saha et al., [8] demonstrates the execution
of a MIMO indoor VLC framework by utilizing MRC
conspire for the imaging collector. A solitary accepting
unit is considered. Then again, a 4×4 getting unit is
considered for MIMO case. The study has appeared by
utilizing MRC joining at the collector through which
execution can be enhanced fundamentally. The study
discoveries uncovered that with MIMO-MRC, separate
amongst transmitter and collector can likewise be
expanded when the quantity of transmitting and
accepting component is expanded.
In [9], Minh et al., present a novel approach for
a self-adjusting MIMO framework's CSI that permits
power against channel blocking, and defeats the
decreased rank of the CSI grid on account of the self-
estimation of the MIMO recipient position.
Additionally, the proposed approach can be connected
to a substantial scale M×M MIMO the length of no less
than three working channels accessible for deciding the
recipient position. The author chose triangulation
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strategy and using the RSSI as a part of this paper could Lambertian emission pattern, in order to achieve high
be supplemented by other diverse techniques. Thus, it bit rate and improve SNR with respect to the incident
gives an adaptability and chance to improve the beam.
execution of limitation and MIMO interchanges. The
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
future implementation would take place by including
pragmatic execution and 3-D collector portability will
be created at the appointed time.

Tahmasi et al., [10] planned to outline and

actualize an optical connection to associate sensor hubs
and measure the connection parameters through
analyses. The parameters of the framework, for
example, BER versus information rate and separation
have been measured and investigated in MATLAB. The
greatest separation amongst transmitter and recipient
was accomplished 150 cm. For the most part, therefore,
we can say that this connection is very good for close Fig 1. Block diagram of the proposed method.
communication applications. In any case, this can be
The above block diagram depicts the
enhanced by intensifying the sending light a great deal
constructional details of visible light communication by
increasingly and make the enhancer of the beneficiary
using MIMO OFDM. First the information which is to
more grounded to have a superior connection for higher
be transmitted through the optical transmitter from N-
information rates and the past. Later, this technique
sending nodes is given to the MIMO OFDM modulator
would be stretched out for expanding information rate,
which first converts parallel data into serial data. These
transmission remove between the transmitter and
signals are modulated with each data information and
collector, and think about the parameter of VLC
are orthogonally frequency shifted. These signals are
framework in LOS and NLOS interface.
power amplified in order to increase the power of the
Even though there are studies conducted on information signal and are given to optical driver to
VLC there is a drawback in the existing system i.e. data drive the signal to the transmitting LED.
transmission in optical communication with high data
LED source is considered as a Lambertian
rate leads to degradation in SNR using SISO technique.
emitter, i.e., irradiance of a surface is a cosine function
Hence, in this present study, Multiple Input Multiple
of the viewing angle. The irradiance distribution with
Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division
practical approximation is shown in Fig. 2.
Multiplexing (OFDM) technique is implemented using

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 IEEE - 40222

sNt represents the signal emitted by transmitter Nt. The

Nr × Nt channel matrix H is given by,

…
⋮ ⋱ ⋮ (2)
…

Where, hNrNt denotes the transfer factor of the

Fig.2 Lambertian emission pattern for mode n
In this paper, we consider an optical wireless
based MIMO communication system employing
intensity modulation (IM) and direct detection (DD) of
the optical carrier using incoherent light sources such as
LEDs. The system consists Nt transmitters and Nr
photo-detectors at the receiver module. The received
signal vector (Y) is represented as,
(1)
Where, N is the sum of ambient shot light noise
and thermal noise. It is the main noise as generally
assumed in Optical Wireless Communication (OWC)
and which is independent of the transmitted signals.
Therefore, N is the real-valued Additive White
Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with zero mean and a
variance σ 2 = σ 2 shot +σ 2 thermal, where σ 2 shot is the
variance of shot noise and σ 2 thermal is the variance of
thermal noise. Thus, the noise power is given by σ 2 =
N0*B, where N0 is the noise Power Spectral Density
(PSD) and B is the bandwidth. The transmitted signal
vector is represented by s = [s1 . . . sNt] T, where [࣭] T
wireless link between transmitter Nt and receiver Nr.
The signals are received from the photo
detector and these signals are given to MIMO-OFDM
demodulator which demodulates the signals and
converts the serial data to parallel data and the data is
received at the receiving node.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig.3 indicates the output waveforms obtained
by using MIMO OFDM technique. Fig.3 (a) shows the
top view arrangement of LED sources spread evenly on
the ceiling in receiver at the incident angle of 10.5
degree. During that point the transmitted signal power
is almost equal to received signal power shown in plot
three. Fig.3 (b) and Fig.3 (c) shows the illuminance
distribution of LED and total received power at the
angle of irradiance I is 8.0 degree respectively. Fig.3
(d) and Fig.3 (e) depicts the output signal in time
domain and frequency domain respectively. In this, we
can see that there is very less difference between the
actual propagation and line of sight propagation, due to
which there is minimum loss in transmission. This,
therefore, increases the signal to noise ratio close to 85

being the transpose operator. The elements of s indicate dB if the incident angle of receiver is at that position.

which signal is emitted by each optical transmitter, i.e. Fig.3 (f) shows the SNR distribution of output signal.

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 IEEE - 40222

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

Fig.3. Output Waveforms obtained by using MIMO-OFDM Technique.

V. CONCLUSION results achieved higher bit rate and better-quality

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the incident beam by
In this paper, Visible Light Communication the incident ray point between the transmitter and the
(VLC) based data transfer mechanism is proposed. This receiver. In future, it is further required to increase the
system with light based transmitter, typical MIMO SNR and bit rate of the incident beam.
channel and light detector based receiver is used. The
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Delhi, India
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