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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2010 > November 2010 Decisions > G.R. No. 189533 :
November 15, 2010 MA. IMELDA PINEDA-NG, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.:

SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 189533 : November 15, 2010

MA. IMELDA PINEDA-NG, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

RESOLUTION

NACHURA, J.:
Before this Court is a Petition[1] for Review on Certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Civil Procedure,
seeking the reversal of the Court of Appeals (CA) Decision[2] dated July 10, 2009.

The facts are summarized as follows:

On December 19, 2007, an Information[3] for Qualified Theft was filed against: (1) Richard Francisco
(Francisco), Branch Manager of private complainant Philippine Business Bank (bank) located in Dolores,
City of San Fernando, Pampanga; (2) Mailada Marilag-Aquino[4] (Aquino); and (3) petitioner Ma. Imelda
Pineda-Ng[5] (petitioner).

The prosecution found that Aquino had drawn and issued the following checks in favor of petitioner:

Drawee Bank

Check No.

Date

Payor
Amount

Planters Bank

0204036

February 07, 2007

Imelda Ng

P 625,000.00

China Bank

A0666301

February 21, 2007

Imelda Ng
1,180,000.00

China Bank

A0666309

February 26, 2007

Cash

1,560,000.00

China Bank

A0666310

February 26, 2007

Cash

1,390,000.00

China Bank

A0666308

February 27, 2007

Imelda Ng

2,080,000.00

Planters Bank

0204030

February 28, 2007

Imelda Ng

900,000.00

China Bank

A0661638

February 28, 2007

Cash

1,000,000.00
TOTAL:

P 8,735,000.00

In turn, petitioner presented these seven (7) checks for payment before the bank by virtue of her Bill
Purchase Accommodation facility through Francisco, who, in excess of his authority, approved the
payment of these checks despite the fact that each check had a face value of more than P100,000.00
and that the same were actually drawn from Closed Accounts and/or drawn against insufficient
funds.[6]

Petitioner filed a Motion for Reconsideration,[7] which was, however, denied by the City Prosecutor
because the Information was already filed before the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of San Fernando,
Pampanga, Branch 42, presided over by Judge Maria Amifaith Fider-Reyes (Judge Reyes).[8] In her
Order[9] dated January 11, 2008, Judge Reyes found probable cause to hold Francisco liable, and fixed
his bail at P400,000.00; while she ordered the dismissal of the case against Aquino and petitioner for
absence of probable cause. Aggrieved, the bank filed its Motion for Reconsideration,[10] to which
petitioner filed her own Comment and Opposition.[11]

On April 30, 2008, Judge Reyes, acting on the bank’s motion for reconsideration, issued an Order[12]
reversing her earlier ruling, this time finding probable cause against Aquino and petitioner, cancelling
the bail fixed for Francisco, and directing the issuance of warrants of arrest to all the accused. No bail
was recommended.
Unperturbed, petitioner filed a Petition for Certiorari before the CA. In its Decision[13] dated July 10,
2009, the CA dismissed the petition for lack of merit. The CA took note that, while it appeared that
Judge Reyes, other than exhaustively quoting People v. CA,[14] failed to fully amplify her own findings, it
could not be said that she did not review the records of the case, and that she merely relied on the
findings of the City Prosecutor. The CA stressed that, at the outset, in her Order dated January 11, 2008
issued in petitioner’s favor, Judge Reyes categorically indicated that she reviewed the records of the
case. The CA ratiocinated that the judge already had knowledge of the case and that she need not
reiterate or mention in the assailed Order that she reviewed the case. After all, Judge Reyes had the
power to set aside her previous Order. Moreover, the CA held that while it is true that there is no crime
of “Conspiracy to Commit Qualified Theft” as argued by petitioner, the Information charged all the
accused with consummated Qualified Theft; thus, Aquino and petitioner were charged as principals by
direct participation. Subsequently, the CA denied petitioner’s motion for reconsideration in its
Resolution[15] dated September 8, 2009.

Hence, this Petition ascribing grave abuse of discretion to the CA insofar as “the impugned decision and
resolution of the Court of Appeals are inconsistent with and not supported by the law, the facts, as well
as, the settled jurisprudence laid down by the Honorable Supreme Court on the matter of filing of
criminal cases against the accused where there is no evidence sufficient to engender a well-founded
belief that an offense was committed.”[16]

Petitioner claims that being a bank client and not an employee of the bank, she could not be held liable
for Qualified Theft, and that there is no such crime as Conspiracy to Commit Qualified Theft. Petitioner
avers that Judge Reyes merely relied on the findings and recommendation of the City Prosecutor when
she did not clearly state the basis for the assailed Order, thus, violating petitioner’s constitutional rights
to liberty and presumption of innocence.[17]
On the other hand, respondent People of the Philippines, through the Office of the Solicitor General
(OSG), asseverates that the petition for certiorari filed before the CA was validly dismissed because the
assailed RTC Order was based on Judge Reyes’ fair evaluation of the records; hence, there was no grave
abuse of discretion committed by the judge when she issued the order. The OSG also states that the
petition raises factual matters, and issues of fact are not proper subjects of a petition for certiorari, the
same being limited to issues of jurisdiction and grave abuse of discretion. The OSG then submits that the
determination of what should be charged in the Information is within the exclusive authority of the
executive branch.[18]

We deny the Petition.

Probable cause has been defined as the existence of such facts and circumstances as would lead a
person of ordinary caution and prudence to entertain an honest and strong suspicion that the person
charged is guilty of the crime subject of the investigation. Being based merely on opinion and reasonable
belief, it does not import absolute certainty. Probable cause need not be based on clear and convincing
evidence of guilt, as the investigating officer acts upon reasonable belief. Probable cause implies
probability of guilt and requires more than bare suspicion, but less than evidence which would justify a
conviction.[19]

The general rule is that this Court does not review factual findings of the trial court, which include the
determination of probable cause for the issuance of a warrant of arrest. It is only in exceptional cases
where this Court sets aside the conclusions of the prosecutor and the trial court judge on the existence
of probable cause, such as cases when the Court finds it necessary in order to prevent the misuse of the
strong arm of the law or to protect the orderly administration of justice. The facts obtaining in this case
do not warrant the application of the exception.[20]
Moreover, we respect the findings of the CA when it held that Judge Reyes did not solely rely on the
findings of the City Prosecutor in reversing her earlier Order. We observed, among others, that when
Judge Reyes quoted our ruling in People v. CA,[21] she underscored a portion thereof, clearly indicative
of her reliance on said jurisprudence. Thus, it cannot be validly argued that Judge Reyes simply and
blindly adhered to the recommendation of the City Prosecutor in rendering the assailed Order, bereft of
any factual and legal basis. Furthermore, we also accord respect to the factual findings of the City
Prosecutor and the CA that petitioner indeed encashed these allegedly anomalous checks. Suffice it to
state that a finding of probable cause does not require an inquiry into whether there is sufficient
evidence to procure a conviction – it is enough that there is a reasonable belief that the act or omission
complained of constitutes the offense charged.[22]

In view of the foregoing disquisitions, we find no further need to resolve the other issues raised by
petitioner, absent any reversible error on the part of the CA in rendering the assailed Decision.

WHEREFORE, the instant Petition is DENIED. No Costs.

SO ORDERED.

ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA

Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:

ANTONIO T. CARPIO

Associate Justice

Chairperson

DIOSDADO M. PERALTA

Associate Justice

ROBERTO A. ABAD

Associate Justice
JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA

Associate Justice

ATTESTATION

I attest that the conclusions in the above Resolution had been reached in consultation before the case
was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.

ANTONIO T. CARPIO

Associate Justice

Chairperson, Second Division

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution and the Division Chairperson's Attestation, I
certify that the conclusions in the above Resolution had been reached in consultation before the case
was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.

RENATO C. CORONA

Chief Justice

Endnotes

[1] Rollo, pp. 24-42.

[2] Penned by Associate Justice Remedios A. Salazar-Fernando, with Associate Justices Magdangal M.
de Leon and Ramon R. Garcia, concurring; id. at 113-124.

[3] Id. at 66-67.

[4] Also referred to as Maidala Marilag-Aquino in some pleadings and documents.

[5] Also referred to as Imelda Ng in some pleadings and documents.

[6] Supra note 3; please also see City Prosecutor’s resolution dated December 19, 2007 (rollo, pp. 53-
60).

[7] Rollo, pp. 61-65.

[8] Id. at 68.

[9] Id. at 81 and 84 (wrong pagination).

[10] Id. at 88-99.

[11] Id. at 102-111.

[12] Id. at 44-52.

[13] Supra note 2.

[14] 361 Phil. 401 (1999).

[15] Rollo, pp. 126-127.

[16] Id. at 26.

[17] Supra note 1; please see petitioner’s Reply ( id. at 184-191).

[18] Rollo, pp. 153-179.

[19] Chan v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 147065, March 14, 2008, 548 SCRA 337, 352.

[20] De Joya v. Marquez, G.R. No. 162416, January 31, 2006, 481 SCRA 376, 381.

[21] Supra note 14, at 415-416.

[22] Ang-Abaya v. Ang, G.R. No. 178511, December 4, 2008, 573 SCRA 129, 142.

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ZONE AUTHORITY, Respondents.

G.R. No. 191618 : November 23, 2010 ATTY. ROMULO B. MACALINTAL, Petitioner, v. PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL, Respondent.

G.R. No. 175080 : November 24, 2010 EUGENIO R. REYES, joined by TIMOTHY JOSEPH M. REYES, MA.
GRACIA S. REYES, ROMAN GABRIEL M. REYES, and MA. ANGELA S. REYES, Petitioners, v. LIBRADA F.
MAURICIO (deceased) and LEONIDA F. MAURICIO, Respondents.

G.R. No. 187978 : November 24, 2010 ROMULO R. PERALTA, Petitioner, v. HON. RAUL E. DE LEON,
Presiding Judge, Regional Trial Court of Parañaque, Branch 258, HON. ARBITER DUNSTAN SAN VICENTE,
in his capacity as Housing and Land Use Regulatory Arbiter and LUCAS ELOSO EJE, in his capacity as
Sheriff, Regional Trial Court, Parañaque City and CONCEPTS AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT INC., as
represented by its CHAIRMAN KASUO NORO, Respondents.

A.M. No. HOJ-10-03 (Formerly A.M. OCA IPI No. 09-04-HOJ) : November 15, 2010 THELMA T. BABANTE-
CAPLES, Complainant, v. PHILBERT B. CAPLES, Utility Worker II, Hall of Justice, Municipal Trial Court, La
Paz, Leyte, Respondent.

G.R. No. 190754 : November 17, 2010 SAN PEDRO CINEPLEX PROPERTIES, INC., Petitioner, v. HEIRS OF
MANUEL HUMADA ENAÑO, represented by VIRGILIO A. BOTE, Respondents.
G.R. No. 181956 : November 11, 2010 VICTORIA L. TEH, Petitioner, v. NATIVIDAD TEH TAN, TEH KI TIAT,
and JACINTA SIA, Respondents.

G.R. No. 187751 : November 22, 2010 EDNA EUGENIO, MARY JEAN GREGORIO, RENATO PAJARILLO,
ROGELIO VILLAMOR, Petitioners, v. STA. MONICA RIVERSIDE HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION, Respondent.

G.R. No. 186158 : November 22, 2010 CAREER PHILIPPINES SHIP MANAGEMENT, INC., Petitioner, v.
GERONIMO MADJUS, Respondent.

G.R. No. 190545 : November 22, 2010 JERRY M. FRANCISCO, Petitioner, v. BAHIA SHIPPING SERVICES,
INC. and/or CYNTHIA C. MENDOZA, and FRED OLSEN CRUISE LINES, LTD., Respondents.

A.C. No. 8391 [Formerly CBD Case No. 06-1631] : November 23, 2010 MANUEL C. YUHICO, Complainant,
v. ATTY. FRED L. GUTIERREZ, Respondent.

G.R. No. 190755 : November 24, 2010 LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. ALFREDO ONG,
Respondent.

G.R. No. 182086 : November 24, 2010 BEBINA G. SALVALOZA, representing her late husband, GREGORIO
SALVALOZA, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, GULF PACIFIC SECURITY AGENCY,
INC., and ANGEL QUIZON, Respondents.

G.R. No. 189326 : November 24, 2010 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. FRANCISCO RELOS, SR.,
Appellant.

G.R. No. 189239 : November 24, 2010 SPOUSES LETICIA & JOSE ERVIN ABAD, SPS. ROSARIO AND ERWIN
COLLANTES, SPS. RICARDO AND FELITA ANN, SPS. ELSIE AND ROGER LAS PIÑAS, LINDA LAYDA,
RESTITUTO MARIANO, SPS. ARNOLD AND MIRIAM MERCINES, SPS. LUCITA AND WENCESLAO A.
RAPACON, SPS. ROMEO AND EMILYN HULLEZA, LUZ MIPANTAO, SPS. HELEN AND ANTHONY TEVES,
MARLENE TUAZON, SPS. ZALDO AND MIA SALES, SPS. JOSEFINA AND JOEL YBERA, SPS. LINDA AND JESSIE
CABATUAN, SPS. WILMA AND MARIO ANDRADA, SPS. RAYMUNDO AND ARSENIA LELIS, FREDY AND
SUSANA PILONEO, Petitioners, v. FIL-HOMES REALTY and DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION and
MAGDIWANG REALTY CORPORATION, Respondents.
G.R. No. 183699 : November 24, 2010 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. ROSALIE COLILAP
BAÑAGA, Appellant.

G.R. No. 188412 : November 22, 2010 CITIBANK, N.A., Petitioner, v. ATTY. ERNESTO S. DINOPOL,
Respondent.

G.R. No. 188051 : November 22, 2010 ASIA UNITED BANK, Petitioner, v. GOODLAND COMPANY, INC.,
Respondent.

G.R. No. 173428 : November 22, 2010 FROILAN DEJURAS , Petitioner, v. HON. RENE C. VILLA, in his
official capacity as Secretary of Agrarian Reform; the BUREAU OF AGRARIAN LEGAL ASSISTANCE, the
CENTER FOR LAND USE AND POLICY PLANNING INSTITUTE, the DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM
ADJUDICATION BOARD, all of the Department of Agrarian Reform; CONCHITA DELFINO; ANTHONY
DELFINO; ARTEMIO ALON; and SM PRIME HOLDINGS, INC., Respondents.

G.R. No. 165676 : November 22, 2010 JOSE MENDOZA, cralaw* Petitioner, v. NARCISO GERMINO and
BENIGNO GERMINO, Respondents.

G.R. No. 150284 : November 22, 2010 SPOUSES ELISEO SEVILLA and ERNA SEVILLA, Petitioners, v. HON.
COURT OF APPEALS and PATRICIA VILLAREAL, for herself and in behalf of her children, TRICIA and CLAIRE
HOPE VILLAREAL, Respondents.

G.R. No. 183868 : November 22, 2010 COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS, Petitioner, v. MARINA SALES, INC.,
Respondent.

G.R. No. 172605 : November 22, 2010 PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES , Appellee, v. EVANGELINE LASCANO
y VELARDE, Appellant.

G.R. No. 185616 : November 24, 2010 THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. ARNEL MACAFE y
NABONG, Appellant.

G.R. No. 181858 : November 24, 2010 KEPCO PHILIPPINES CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. Commissioner
of Internal Revenue, Respondent.
G.R. No. 176260 : November 24, 2010 LUCIA BARRAMEDA VDA. DE BALLESTEROS, Petitioner, v. RURAL
BANK OF CANAMAN INC., represented by its Liquidator, the philippine deposit insurance corporation,
Respondent.

G.R. No. 175887 : November 24, 2010 HEIRS OF THE LATE NESTOR TRIA, Petitioners, v. ATTY. EPIFANIA
OBIAS, Respondent.

G.R. No. 173339 : November 24, 2010 LEDESCO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Petitioner, v.
WORLDWIDE STANDARD INTERNATIONAL REALTY, INC., Respondent.

G.R. No. 160933 : November 24, 2010 NICEAS M. BELONGILOT, Petitioner, v. ROLANDO S. CUA, ROEL
ERIC C. GARCIA, LORENZO R. REYES, AUGUSTO P. QUIJANO, IANELA G. JUSI-BARRANTES and SALVADOR
P. RAMOS, Respondents.

G.R. No. 157479 : November 24, 2010 PHILIP TURNER and ELNORA TURNER, Petitioners, v. LORENZO
SHIPPING CORPORATION, Respondent.

A.M. No. P-10-2781 (Formerly OCA IPI No. 02-1419-P) : November 24, 2010 PASTOR C. PINLAC,
Complainant, v. OSCAR T. LLAMAS, Cash Clerk II, Regional Trial Court, Office of the Clerk of Court, San
Carlos City, Pangasinan, Respondent.

G.R. No. 173815 : November 24, 2010 MILWAUKEE INDUSTRIES CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. COURT OF
TAX APPEALS and COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondents.

[G.R. No. 180914 : November 24, 2010] PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS.
DOMINGO DOMINGUEZ, JR., ALIAS "SANDY," ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

[G.R. No. 184599 : November 24, 2010] PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. TEDDY
BATOON Y MIGUEL AND MELCHOR BATOON Y MIGUEL, ACCUSED-APPELLANTS.

[G.R. No. 185766 : November 23, 2010] CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, PETITIONER, VS. COURT OF
APPEALS AND PHILIPPINE CHARITY SWEEPSTAKES OFFICE, RESPONDENTS. [G.R. No. 185767] CIVIL
SERVICE COMMISSION, PETITIONER, VS. COURT OF APPEALS AND PHILIPPINE CHARITY SWEEPSTAKES
OFFICE, RESPONDENTS.
[A.M. No. P-09-2603 (Formerly A.M. No. 08-7-221-MeTC) : November 23, 2010] RE: HABITUAL
ABSENTEEISM OF MR. NELSON G. MARCOS, SHERIFF III, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, OFFICE OF THE
CLERK OF COURT, CALOOCAN CITY.

[G.R. No. 166566 : November 23, 2010] PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS.
WENCESLAO DERI y BENITEZ, ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

[A.M. No. MTJ-08-1719] : November 23, 2010] ATTY. ARNOLD B. LUGARES, COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE
LIZABETH GUTIERREZ-TORRES, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 60, MANDALUYONG CITY,
RESPONDENT. [A.M. NO. MTJ-08-1722A.M. No. MTJ-08-1719] JOSE MARIA J. SEMBRANO,
COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE LIZABETH GUTIERREZ-TORRES, PRESIDING JUDGE METROPOLITAN TRIAL
COURT, BRANCH 60, MANDALUYONG CITY, RESPONDENT. [ A.M. NO. MTJ-08-1723A.M. No. MTJ-08-
1719 ] MARCELINO LANGCAP, COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE LIZABETH GUTIERREZ-TORRES, PRESIDING
JUDGE METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 60, MANDALUYONG CITY, RESPONDENT.

[A.M. No. P-06-2225 (Formerly OCA IPI No. 04-2027-P), November 23, 2010] BERNALETTE L. RAMOS,
COMPLAINANT, VS. SUSAN A. LIMETA, LEGAL RESEARCHER, RESPONDENT.

[A.M. No. P-06-2211 (Formerly A.M. No. 06-5-175-MTC) : November 23, 2010] OFFICE OF THE COURT
ADMINISTRATOR, COMPLAINANT, VS. MS. ROSEBUEN B. VILLETA, CLERK OF COURT II, MUNICIPAL TRIAL
COURT, OTON, ILOILO, RESPONDENT.

[G.R. No. 148269 : November 22, 2010] PRESIDENTIAL AD HOC FACT-FINDING COMMITTEE ON BEHEST
LOANS THRU THE PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON GOOD GOVERNMENT, REPRESENTED BY ATTY.
ORLANDO L. SALVADOR, PETITIONER, VS. HON. ANIANO DESIERTO, IN HIS CAPACITY AS OMBUDSMAN,
ULPIANO TABASONDRA, ENRIQUE M. HERBOSA, ZOSIMO C. MALABANAN, ARSENIO S. LOPEZ, ROMEO V.
REYES, NILO ROA, HERADEO GUBALLA, FLORITA T. SHOTWELL, BENIGNO DEL RIO, JUAN F. TRIVIÑO,
SALVADOR B. ZAMORA II, AND JOHN DOES, RESPONDENTS.

[G.R. No. 179898 : November 22, 2010] MAUNLAD HOMES, INC., N.C. PULUMBARIT, INC., N.C.P.
LEASING CORPORATION, AND NEMENCIO C. PULUMBARIT, SR., PETITIONERS, VS. UNION BANK OF THE
PHILIPPINES AND JULIE C. GO, RESPONDENTS.
[G.R. No. 150318 : November 22, 2010] PHILIPPINE TRUST COMPANY (ALSO KNOWN AS PHILTRUST
BANK), PETITIONER, VS. HON. COURT OF APPEALS AND FORFOM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION,
RESPONDENTS.

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