Evaluation

In social sciences

Amandeep Singh
geopulse@indiatimes.com
 Evaluation Techniques
1.Formative Evaluation
Uses for students
I. Learning the subject matter
II. Mastery of learning
III. Goal of learning
IV. Sequence of learning
V. Effective reinforcement
VI. Diagnostic value
Uses for Teacher
I. Locating errors
II. Quality control

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 2.Summative Evaluation
Uses
I. Basis of assigning grades
II. Basis of certification
III. Predicting success
IV. Knowledge of progress
V. Beginning of instruction
VI. Comparison of groups
3.Placement Evaluation
Uses
I. Position of the learner
II. Information about the learner
III. Useful for learner
IV. Firm foundation
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V. Avoiding duplicacy 3
 4.Diagnostic/Testing Evaluation
Uses
I. Finding strength and weakness
II. Finding causes of problem
III.Solution of problems
IV.Designing curricula
V. Knowledge of progress
VI.Providing guidance

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 Types of Evaluation
1. Essay Type Tests
Advantages:
I. Easy to construct
II. Ability to use knowledge
III. Provoke thought and higher mental process
IV. Originality and initiative
V. Expression and organising ability
VI. Study habits
VII. Qualitative evaluation
VIII. Less scope for cheating

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 Disadvantages:
I. Not Valid
i. Emphasis on cramming
ii. Not real test
iii. Test of limited knowledge
iv. Vast choice
v. Irrelevant factors
vi. No scientific method
II. subjectivity
i. Subjectivity in setting the papers
ii. Subjectivity in marking
a. Variation in marking by different examiners
b. Variation in marking by same examiner
c. Mood of examiner
iii. Emphasis on memory
iv. Emphasis on expression
v. Emphasis on speed
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 2. Objective Type Tests
Advantages:
I. Highly reliable
II. Highly objective
III. Economical
IV. Comprehensive
V. More scientific
VI. Minimum of cramming
VII. Free of complication
VIII.Test of knowledge not of language
IX. No influence of style and handwriting

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 Disadvantages:
I. No depth of knowledge
II. Inability in style and writing
III. Inability in controversial issues
IV. Encourage guessing
V. Psychologically unsound
VI. Expensive and time consuming
VII. Trained experts
Types of Objective Tests:
I. True - False Test
II. Multiple Choice Test
III. Matching Test
IV. Classification Test
V. Completion Test
VI. Arrangement Test
VII. Simple recall Test
VIII. Definition Test
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 3. Short Answer Type Tests
4. Oral Test
Comparison of Essay type & Objective Test
Essay Type Test Objective Type Test
1. Number of Questions
2. Answer
3. Chance
4. Definite answer
5. Framing of Questions
6. Scoring
7. Course Covered
8. Cramming
9. Marking
10. Emphasis
11. Guessing

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12. Unfair Means 9