1/28/2020 Design Of Sewerage System | Civil Engineers Pakistan

5th September 2014 Design Of Sewerage System

INTRODUCTION
Sewer system plays a vital role in the economic development of a country. Sewers are must for the drainage of
waste water. In order to have an effective sewage system the sewers should be properly designed and more
care should be taken in finding the invert levels otherwise whole design may get wrong. Sewers are designed
for the drainage of waste water coming from houses, industries, streets, runoff etc to protect the environment
and people from serious diseases, as more than 50 diseases spread from sewage. So for a good living, the
sewers should be properly designed and the sewage should be treated properly before discharging it into the
river.

Some of the important and relevant terms for sewer system are discussed below….

Sewage
It is Liquid Waste or Waste Water produce as a result of water use.

Sewer
It is the pipe or conduit for carrying sewage. It is generally closed and flow takes place under gravity
(Atmospheric Pressure).

Sewerage
Sewerage is the system of collection of waste water and conveying it to a point of final disposal with or without
treatment.

Sources of waste water

[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-
engineering/environmental-
engineering/design-of-sewer-system/1-
14/]

Following are the principal sources of waste water

Domestic
Industrial
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Storm water

Domestic
It is the waste water from houses, offices, other buildings, hotels and institutions.

Industrial
It is the liquid waste from the industrial places from their different industrial processes like dying, paper matting,
tanneries, chemical industries, etc.

Storm Water
It includes surface runoff generated from rainfall and the street wash.

Types of Sewer Systems

Following are the types of sewerage

Separate System
[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-
engineering/environmental-
engineering/design-of-sewer-
system/separate-system/]

It is the system in which storm water is carried separately

from domestic and industrial waste water. This system is
preferred when

There is an immediate need for collection of sanitary sewage but not for storm water
When sanitary sewage needs treatment but the storm water does not

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[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-engineering/environmental-engineering/design-of-sewer-system/separate-sewer-
system/]

Combined System
[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-
engineering/environmental-
engineering/design-of-sewer-
system/combined-sewer-system/]

It is the type of system in which sewer carries both the

sanitary and storm water. Combined system is favored when

Combined sewage can be disposed off without treatment

Both sanitary and storm water need treatment
Streets are narrow and two separate sewers can not be laid.

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[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-engineering/environmental-engineering/design-of-sewer-system/combined-sewer-
system1/]

Types of Sewers

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[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-engineering/environmental-engineering/design-of-sewer-system/types-of-sewers1/]

Sanitary Sewers
It carries sanitary sewage i.e. waste water from municipality including Domestic and Industrial wastewaters.

[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-engineering/environmental-engineering/design-of-sewer-system/sanitary-sewers/]

Storm Sewer

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It carries storm sewage including Surface Runoff and Street Wash.

[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-engineering/environmental-engineering/design-of-sewer-system/storm-sewer/]

Combined Sewer
It carries domestic, industrial and storm sewage.

House Sewer
It is the sewer conveying sewage from plumbing system of building to common/municipal sewers.

Lateral sewer
This sewer carries discharge from two or more house sewers.

Sub-Main Sewer
This sewer carries discharge from two or more laterals.

Main/ Trunk Sewer

It receives discharge from two or more sub-mains.

Outfall Sewer
It receives discharge from all collecting system and conveys it to the point of final disposal.

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Sewage flow
It is flow derived from the sanitary and industrial sewage that is the raw water from these industries and
houses, so it means it has direct relation with the amount of water consumed.
Generally 80 to 90 % of the water consumption is taken as sewage or waste water flow.

Variation in sewage flow

Like water supply, sewage flow varies from time to time. Since sewers must be able to accommodate Maximum
Rate of Flow, the variation in the sewage flow must be studied.
Generally Herman Formula is used to estimate the ratio of Maximum to Average Flow

[http://civilengineerspk.com/bsc-civil-engineering/environmental-engineering/design-of-sewer-system/hermans-formula/]

P is population in thousands

WASA Lahore Design Considers the following relationship for sewer design

Average Sewage Flow (m3 /day) Peak Factor

≤ 2500 4.0

2500 – 5000 3.4

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5000 – 10000 3.1

10000 – 25000 2.7

25000 – 50000 2.5

50000 – 100000 2.3

100000 – 250000 2.15

250000 – 500000 2.08

> 500000 2.0

Infiltration
It is amount of water that enters into the sewers through poor joints, cracked pipes, walls and covers of
manholes.

It is nonexistent during dry weather but increases during rainy season.

Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) Lahore uses the following infiltration rates for the design of sewer
system.

Sewer Diameter Infiltration

225 mm to 600 mm 5 % of Avg. Sewage Flow

> 600 mm 10 % of Avg. Sewage Flow

Design Period

Sewer System
Period of design is indefinite. The system is designed to take care for the maximum development of the area.
But we take design period of 20 years for our sewer system.

Sewer Pumping Station

Design period is 10-years.
Rate of Flow are average daily, peak and minimum flow including Infiltration.

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Posted 5th September 2014 by Naqi

2 View comments

CIVILENGINEERSPK .com April 25, 2017 at 11:36 AM

http://civilengineerspk.com/design-of-sewer-system/
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Unknown June 27, 2019 at 1:50 AM

This is one of top Design Guidelines for Sewer system Design in pakistan i want to meet Authors of this project.if any
one have any information pls send me.

Regards
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