Activity No.

Configuring DNS Services using Linux Server

Course Code: CPE232 Program: BSCPE

Course Title: Managing Enterprise Servers Date Performed:

Section: CPE42FB2 Date Submitted:

Name: Villanueva, Leonardo M. Instructor: Engr. Alonica Villanueva

1. Objective(s):

This activity aims to install and configure DNS Services using Linux environment.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students should be able to:

2.1 Install DNS services using Linux server.
2.2 Setup and configure DNS server.
2.3 Troubleshoot and document any errors encountered in configuring DNS server.

3. Discussion :

Domain Name Service (DNS) is an Internet service that maps IP addresses and fully qualified
domain names (FQDN) to one another. In this way, DNS alleviates the need to remember IP addresses.
Computers that run DNS are called name servers. Ubuntu ships with BIND (Berkley Internet Naming
Daemon), the most common program used for maintaining a name server on Linux.

The programs that store information about the domain name space are called name servers, as you
probably already know. Name Servers generally have complete information about some part of the
domain name space (a zone), which they load from a file. The name server is then said to have authority
for that zone.

The term zone is not one that you come across every day while you're surfing on the Internet. We
tend to think that the domain concept is all there is when it comes to DNS, which makes life easy for us,
but when dealing with DNS servers that hold data for our domains (name servers), then we need to
introduce the zone term since it is essential so we can understand the setup of a DNS server
4. Resources:

Personal Computer with installed Virtual Box and Linux Server

5. Procedure:

< create a step-by-step procedures in installing and configuring DNS server>

Figure 4.1
The command sudo apt update is the step that actually retrieves information about what packages can be
installed, including what updates to currently installed packages packages are available, from Internet sources.

Figure 4.2
The command sudo apt upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the
system from the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list.

Figure 4.3
The command sudo apt install bind9 bind9utils is to install the packages of bind9.
 Figure 4.4
This figure shows that the configuration of Bind as the Master DNS server. To open the named options configuration
file and define acl block, issued the command sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options. The acl statement can be
used to define groups of hosts that can be permitted or denied access to the nameserver. The options statement
allows you to define global server configuration options, set defaults for other statements, specify the location of the
named working directory, the types of queries allowed

Figure 4.5
This command is to check for any syntax error which is sudo named-checkconf /etc/bind/named.conf.options. If
there’s no output, then the syntax is correct, as shown in Figure 4.4
 Figure 4.6
This figure shows that the text file of Zone file that describes a DNS zone. It contains mappings between domain
names and IP addresses and other DNS resource records (RR). The Zone files can be created in the BIND working
directory as defined in the options statement configuration.

Figure 4.7
This figure shows the configuration file of sudo vi /etc/var/cache/bind/villanueva.com which is the forward zone
file is used to translate hostnames into IP addresses.
 Figure 4.8
This figure shows the configuration file of sudo vi /etc/var/cache/bind/rev-villanueva.com which is the reverse
zone file defines how to resolve IP addresses into hostnames.

Figure 4.9
This commands is to check if there’s no configuration errors. There will be an error message if the syntax is not
correct.

Figure 4.10
This command is to restart and enable BIND to run on system boot.

Figure 4.11
The command system-resolve –status enp0s8 is to check the system’s DNS resolver.
 Figure 4.12
This figure shows that the DNS server hostname can be resolved. Dig is a command line tool that is useful for
verifying and troubleshooting DNS problems.

Figure 4.13
This figure shows that the DNS server hostname can be resolved. Dig -x is a reverse command line tool that is
useful for verifying and troubleshooting DNS problems.
Testing in Ubuntu Client:

Figure 4.14
This figure is to resolve the DNS server hostname in Ubuntu Client.

Figure 4.15
This figure is to resolve the reverse DNS lookup on the Ubuntu Client.
 Figure 4.16
This figure is to check if the DNS server is working properly by pinging the DNS name which is
ns1.villanueva.com.

6. Supplementary Activity:

Setup and configure SLAVE DNS server.

Figure 4.17
In this figure, I clone the Ubuntu Server so that I can Setup and Configure the SLAVE DNS server. Inside the sudo
vi /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml configuration file I set a new IP address which is 10.6.3.150 to set up and
configure new SLAVE DNS server.
 Figure 4.18
First make an access control list that allows a network to use the bind services which is the first line for this figure.
Next is the options entry is consist of all the basic configurations about the bind9 services. The directory entry is for
the files storage of bind9 service, the directory is where the zone and reverse files are stored in default it is in
“/var/cache/bind/”.

Figure 4.19
In this figure shows on how to create Slave Forward and Reverse Zone Files.
 Figure 4.20
This figure shows the configuration file of sudo vi /etc/var/cache/bind/villanueva.com which is the forward zone
file is used to translate hostnames into IP addresses.

Figure 4.21
This figure shows the configuration file of sudo vi /etc/var/cache/bind/rev-villanueva.com which is the reverse
zone file defines how to resolve IP addresses into hostnames.

Figure 4.22
This commands is to check if there’s no configuration errors. There will be an error message if the syntax is not
correct.
 Figure 4.23
This command is to restart and enable BIND to run on system boot.

Figure 4.24
This figure shows the verification name resolution on the Ubuntu Client.

Figure 4.25
This figure shows the Reverse DNS lookup. You’ve configured DNS Slave Server
 Figure 4.26
This figure is to ping the DNS slave server as you can see the DNS Slave Server is working properly.

7. Problem Analysis:

 Differentiate authoritative DNS server and a recursive DNS resolver

 The authoritative DNS servers store the maps of domain names to IP addresses. This domain name
to IP mapping is usually, why for the recursive DNS server for example a person that is visiting web
sites asks recursive DNS servers for lookups. Recursive DNS servers then ask the necessary
Authoritative Name Server for the answer. Then the Recursive name server will give this answer to
the person needing the information

 What is DNS caching?

 DNS caching the temporary storing of information about the previous DNS lookups on the machine
that uses a DNS service. The time it is cached on the machine’s OS is called TTL or time to live.

 Differentiate primary from secondary DNS server

 The primary DNS server also known as the master DNS server is the holds the original DNS
records/files locally and changes to a zones DNS record can only be made in the primary server
which will then update the secondary DNS server (also called SLAVE DNS server). Each zone can
have only one primary DNS server but it can have many secondary DNS server.

8. Conclusion

I therefore conclude, that DNS and BIND server both play essential roles in today’s Internet. Domain
Name System (DNS) is the default name resolution service used in all operating systems including
mobile phones. Ubuntu ships with BIND (Berkley Internet Naming Daemon), the most common
program used for maintaining a name server on Linux. In this activity you don’t need to memorize
the ip addresses of your server and client because this activity is using the DNS which is to
memorize easy your local name servers.
8. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):