Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
AIRWORTHINESS
Antoine Toulemont
2016/2017
Who am I ?
• ESTACA engineer, graduated in 2015
• Aviation enthusiast
Objectives and main topics
• Be familiar with general terms
• Be professionnaly operative
Introduction
• An airworthy aircraft is…
(EU) n°1321/2014
(continuing
airworthiness)
(EU) n°965/2012
(OPS)
Part M
Part
CAMO
Scope of EU Continuing Airworthiness
• EU Continuing Airworthiness regulation establishes common technical requirements and
administrative procedures for ensuring the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, including
any component for installation thereto, which are:
and and
Registered in a Member State Safety oversight has not been delegated Used by an EU operator
to a third country
and and
Not registered in a Member State Safety oversight has been delegated to a MS Used by an EU operator
Scope of EU Continuing Airworthiness
• EU Continuing Airworthiness establishes common technical requirements and
administrative procedures for ensuring the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, including
any component for installation thereto, which are:
and and
Not registered in a Member State Safety oversight has been delegated to a MS Used by an EU operator
CAT Licence
Definitions – Link with OPS regulation
• Article 3(3) of Regulation (EU) 1008/2008:
“Without prejudice to any other applicable provisions of Community, national, or international
law, the following categories of air services shall not be subject to the requirement to hold a
valid operating licence:
(a) air services performed by non-power-driven aircraft and/or ultralight power-driven aircraft;
and
(b) local flights. »
“Specialized operation is an operation where the aircraft is used for specialised activities such
as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, aerial
advertisement.”
Qualified entity*
Transfer of responsibilities
owner
Transfer of responsibilities
owner
and
The Part M/G shall be
Operator approved in accordance with
Part 145 (can be contracted)
Responsibilities
Non-commercial operation with CMPA
and
owner
The Part M/G shall be
approved in accordance with
Part 145 (can be contracted)
Responsibilities
Commercial operation with non-CMPA
Transfer of responsibilities
owner
and
2. the rectification in accordance with data specified in point M.A.304 and/or point M.A.401, as
applicable, of any defect and damage affecting safe operation taking into account, the minimum
equipment list (MEL) and configuration deviation list, when applicable;
M.A.304 (modif or repair) M.A.401 (maintenance data)
• the rectification in accordance with data specified in point M.A.304 and/or point M.A.401, as
applicable, of any defect and damage affecting safe operation taking into account, the minimum
equipment list (MEL) and configuration deviation list, when applicable;
- The aircraft maintenance programme and any subsequent amendments shall be approved by the
competent authority.
*Approved by the competent Authority as part of the CAME (to be seen later in this presentation)
The Aircraft Maintenance Programme (AMP)
Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an aircraft maintenance
programme :
• the aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance with instructions issued by the
competent authority
Competent Authority
• Authority of registration
• EASA
• AD Qualified
• Operational requirements (emergency entity
and safety)
The Aircraft Maintenance Programme (AMP)
Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an aircraft maintenance
programme :
Holder of TC/RTC/ETSO/STC*
• additional or alternative instructions proposed by the owner or the continuing airworthiness management
organisation
Escalation of the interval for certain tasks based on reliability data or other
supporting information. The escalation of these tasks is directly approved by
the competent authority, except in the case of ALIs (Airworthiness Limitations),
which are approved by the Agency.
More restrictive intervals than those proposed by the TC holder as a result of
the reliability data or because of a more stringent operational environment.
Additional tasks at the discretion of the operator
The Aircraft Maintenance Programme (AMP)
Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an aircraft maintenance programme :
• For complex motor-powered aircraft, when the maintenance programme is based on maintenance
steering group logic or on condition monitoring, the aircraft maintenance programme shall include a
reliability programme
+ Reliability programme
MSG-3 logic
• instructions from the competent authority whilst taking into account new and/or modified maintenance
instructions promulgated by the type certificate and supplementary type certificate holders and any other
organisation that publishes such data in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.
If time permitting…
Airworthiness Directive (AD)
Any applicable airworthiness directive must be carried out within the requirements of that airworthiness
directive, unless otherwise specified by the Agency
Continuing airworthiness records
• The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall consist of:
1. an aircraft logbook, engine logbook(s) or engine module log cards, propeller logbook(s) and log cards for
any service life limited component as appropriate, and,
2. For commercial air transport or by the Member State for commercial operations other than commercial air
transport, the operator's technical log.
• The aircraft type and registration mark, the date, together with total flight time and/or flight cycles and/or
landings, as appropriate, shall be entered in the aircraft logbooks.
3. the date together with the component's accumulated total flight time
and/or flight cycles and/or landings and/or calendar time, as appropriate;
and
Operator’s technical log
In the case of commercial operation an operator shall use an aircraft technical log
system containing the following information for each aircraft:
1. information about each flight, necessary to ensure continued flight safety, and;
3. the current maintenance statement giving the aircraft maintenance status of what
scheduled and out of phase maintenance is next due except that the competent
authority may agree to the maintenance statement being kept elsewhere, and;
4. all outstanding deferred defects rectifications that affect the operation of the aircraft,
and;
2. Present the aircraft maintenance programme and its amendments to the competent
authority for approval, unless covered by an indirect approval procedure and provide a copy of
the programme to the owner of aircraft not involved in commercial air transport,
4. ensure that all maintenance is carried out in accordance with the approved maintenance
programme and released [in accordance with applicable rules]
5. ensure that all applicable airworthiness directives and operational directives with a
continuing airworthiness impact, are applied,
Role of the CAMO (Part M/G)
For every aircraft managed, the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation shall:
6. ensure that all defects discovered during scheduled maintenance or reported are corrected
by an appropriately approved maintenance organisation,
9. manage and archive all continuing airworthiness records and/or operator's technical log.
10. ensure that the mass and balance statement reflects the current status of the aircraft.
The CAMO (Part M/G)
The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall provide a continuing airworthiness
management exposition (CAME)
• The continuing airworthiness management exposition and its amendments shall be approved by
the competent authority.
• Minor amendments to the exposition may be approved indirectly through an indirect approval
procedure. The indirect approval procedure shall define the minor amendment eligible
The CAMO (Part M/G)
The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall provide a continuing airworthiness
management exposition (CAME) and shall contain:
1. a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the organisation will work in
accordance with this Part and the exposition at all times
Accountable
Accountable manager
Manager
Quality
Quality
Continuing airworthiness
manager
Airworthiness
Operations Finance
Management Repair Technical
Contracts Planning
management office
• May be the accountable manager for more than one organisation and is
not required to be knowledgeable on technical matters.
• When not the chief executive officer, the competent authority will need
to be assured that such an accountable manager has direct access to the
chief executive officer and has a sufficiency of continuing airworthiness
funding allocation
• Need to be indepedant
Documented Physical
+
review review
Sampling
Airworthiness
Can be issued or extended Review Certificate
The Airworthiness review process
Who can issue or extend the ARC ?
A CAMO registered in one of the Member States may, additionally, be approved to carry out
airworthiness reviews and:
- issue the related airworthiness review certificate and extend it in due time under the
conditions of points M.A.901(c)2 or M.A.901(e)2; and,
- issue a recommendation for the airworthiness review to the competent authority of the
Member State of registry.
Called:
« Part M/G+I » or « CAMO+ » or « M.A.711(b) privileges »
The Airworthiness review process
Who can issue or extend the ARC ?
The Part M/G+I shall have “Certifying Staff” to perform Airworthiness reviews, upon following
condition:
Controlled environment
Controlled environment
or
- issue an airworthiness
MTOM > 2730kg review certificate
Special privilege: the CAMO managing the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft, may extend
twice for a period of one year each time the validity of an airworthiness review certificate that
has been issued by the competent authority or by another CAMO
The Airworthiness review process
The CAMO managing the
Who can issue or extend the ARC ?
continuing airworthiness of the
aircraft may (via an
Licence n°1008/2008 appropriatly approved Part
Controlled environment
M/G+I):
or
- issue a recommendation
MTOM > 2730kg after an airworthiness
review
and
Controlled environment
- issue a recommendation
or after an airworthiness
review
MTOM > 2730kg
and
The competent authority shall:
Part M/G+I
- issue the ARC based on the
recommendation
Controlled environment
- issue the ARC after an
and airworthiness review
and
If the Part M/G+I is actually
managing the aircraft:
Part M/G+I
- issue and extend the ARC
Special privilege: the CAMO managing the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft, may extend
twice for a period of one year each time the validity of an airworthiness review certificate that
has been issued by the competent authority or by another CAMO
The Airworthiness review process
Who can issue or extend the ARC ?
Non-commercial
The Part 145 or Part M/F, if
and
appropriatly approved, may:
MTOM <= 2000kg
- issue the ARC after an
and airworthiness review
But no extension !
Part 145 or Part M/F
If time permitting…
The Airworthiness review process
Who can issue or extend the ARC ?
The competent Authority
shall carry out the
Potential safety threat airworthiness review and
issue the airworthiness
or review certificate itself
Aircraft managed by a
foreign CAMO (located in
The competent Authority
a third country)
may carry out the
or airworthiness review and
issue the airworthiness
for all balloons and any review certificate itself
other aircraft of 2 730 kg
MTOM and below, if it is
requested by the owner;
Maintenance data
The person or organisation maintaining an aircraft shall have access to and use only applicable
current maintenance data in the performance of maintenance including modifications and
repairs, it includes:
3. applicable instructions for continuing airworthiness (ICAs), issued by type certificate holders,
supplementary type certificate holders and any other organisation that publishes such data
(TC/STC/Mod. Holders)
- The CMRs are a subset of the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA) identified during the
certification process. A CMRs usually results from a formal, numerical analysis conducted to show
compliance with the requirements applicable to catastrophic and hazardous failure conditions,
- There are two types of CMRs (one star and two star). Compliance may also result from a
qualitative, engineering judgment-based analysis.
Certification Maintenance Requirements (CMR)
ALS: Airworthiness
Limitation Section
CCMR: Candidate
Certification
Maintenance
requirement
ISC: Industry Steering
Committee
TCDS: Type Certificate
data sheet
Aircraft defects
How to assess an aircraft defect ?
When transferring an aircraft registration within the EU, the applicant shall:
The former airworthiness review certificate shall remain valid until its
expiry date at the condition that the aircraft remains on the aircraft
register of a Member State
F-…. registered
RA-…. registered
Import of aircraft
Review of the import process
The owner shall allow access to the aircraft for inspection by the Member State
of registry.
The Member State shall also issue the airworthiness review certificate
valid normally for one year unless the Member State has safety reason to
limit the validity.
F-…. registered
RA-…. registered
Import of aircraft
Review of the import process
Aircraft information
— aircraft assigned registration;
— state of manufacturer;
— previous registration;
— export certificate number;
— TC and TC data sheet numbers;
— noise and emissions TC and TC data sheet numbers;
— comparison of prior maintenance programme with the proposed
new maintenance programme.
F-…. registered
RA-…. registered
Import of aircraft
Review of the import process
F-…. registered
RA-…. registered
Import of aircraft
Review of the import process
Maintenance
— a copy of the work packages requested by the CAMO including
details of any bridging check to ensure all the necessary
maintenance has been carried out.
F-…. registered
End of the first session
Review of the first session
- What is a CMPA ?
m m
-
-
C o
What are the differents Competent Authorities ?
How responsibilities are dealed with a leasing contract ?
-
- a n
Which data shall be used for a repair or a modification ?
e
What are the privileges of the CAMO ?
-
ro p
What is an AMP and what are the main steps to develop it ?
-
- E u
What is an ARC and its role within the continuing airworthiness system ?
What is a “controlled environment” ?
- What is the difference between a transfer and an import of an aircraft ?
- Optional: How could you describe the continuing airworthiness system with a scheme ?
Begining of the second session
Part 145
Maintenance
organisation
Common rules for aviation safety (Basic Regulation)
Regulation overview…
(EU) n°748/2012 (EU) n°1321/2014
(initial (continuing
airworthiness) airworthiness)
Future amendments
Part 145
(EU) n°965/2012
(OPS)
Part 66 Part 66 L
(EU) n°1321/2014
(continuing
airworthiness)
Part M
Part 145
Introduction
• A maintenance task is…
Any one or combination of the following activities:
• Overhaul
• Repair
• Defect rectification of an aircraft or component
• Inspection
All tasks are performed in accordance with
• Replacement acceptable standards, authorised personnel,
• Modification approved organisation, using approved
procedures…
With the exception of pre-flight
… from initial design to end of service
inspection
Introduction
• A principal place of business is…
The head office or the registered office of the undertaking within which
the principal financial functions and operational control of the activities
referred to in this Regulation (n°1321/2014) are exercised.
European regulations
Part 21 Part M
Accountable managers
Organisation Manual
MOC, MOP MOE, CAME
Personnel
Procedures
AD, SB, AMM Procedures + job card
The operator/owner/CAMO
Certification CS 22/23/25/27/29…
(Type Certificate)
Production Part 21 G
(Individual CofA)
Operation
— Trouble shooting.
— Defect rectification.
— Component replacement with use of external test equipment if required.
Component replacement may include components such as engines and
propellers.
— Scheduled maintenance and/or checks including visual inspections that
will detect obvious unsatisfactory conditions/discrepancies but do not require
extensive in depth inspection. It may also include internal structure, systems
and powerplant items which are visible through quick opening access
panels/doors.
— Minor repairs and modifications which do not require extensive
disassembly and can be accomplished by simple means.
Scope
• For organisation having their principal place of business in a
Member State but with satellite facilities, sub contractors or line
stations :
class A
Maintenance Installed Installed
engine
Class B Non
installed
engine
Terms of Approval
• Nevertheless, such B-rated approved maintenance organisation
may temporarily remove a component for maintenance, in order
to improve access to that component, except when such removal
generates the need for additional maintenance not eligible for the
provisions of this point.
• The limitation section will specify the scope of such maintenance
thereby indicating the extent of approval. A maintenance
organisation approved with a category B class rating may also
carry out maintenance on an installed engine during ‘base’ and
‘line’ maintenance subject to a control procedure in the
maintenance organisation exposition to be approved by the
competent authority.
• The maintenance organisation exposition scope of work shall
reflect such activity where permitted by the competent authority.
Terms of Approval
• A category C class rating means that the approved maintenance
organisation may carry out maintenance on uninstalled
components (excluding engines and APUs) intended for fitment
to the aircraft or engine/APU. The limitation section will specify the
scope of such maintenance thereby indicating the extent of
approval.
Part 145
Uninstalled components
class C
Terms of Approval
• A category D class rating is a self contained class rating not
necessarily related to a specific aircraft, engine or other component.
The D1 — Non Destructive Testing (NDT) rating is only necessary
for an approved maintenance organisation that carries out NDT as a
particular task for another organisation.
Part 145
Non Destructive Tests
class D
Terms of Approval
• In the case of maintenance organisations (Part-145), category A
class ratings are subdivided into ‘Base’ or ‘Line’ maintenance.
It should be noted
that a ‘Line’ facility
located at a main
base facility requires
a ‘Line’
maintenance
approval.
Terms of Approval
• When reference is made to series, type and group in the limitation
section of class A and B,
• series means a specific type series such as Airbus 300 or 310 or
319 or Boeing 737-300 series or RB211-524 series or Cessna 150
or Cessna 172 or Beech 55 series or continental O-200 series etc;
• type means a specific type or model such as Airbus 310-240 type or
RB 211- 524 B4 type or Cessna 172RG type; any number of series
or types may be quoted;
• group means for example Cessna single piston engine aircraft or
Lycoming non-supercharged piston engines etc.
Facilities
The organisation shall ensure that:
• Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work,
ensuring in particular, protection from the weather elements.
Specialised workshops and bays are segregated as
appropriate, to ensure that environmental and work area
contamination is unlikely to occur.
Aircraft components
Available Personnel for:
Segregated (planning - Managers
- Clean, well-
inspection) - Planning
ventilated,
- Control
maintained at a
- Large enough - APRS
constant dry
- Protection against weather elements temperature
(temperature, moisture, hail, ice, - Should remain
snow…) packaged
- Clean surfaces (no dust) - Segregation
- Noise shall not distract personnel from carrying out inspection tasks
- Temperatures must be maintained such that personnel can carry out required
tasks without undue discomfort.
Facilities
• Secure storage facilities are provided for components,
equipment, tools and material. Storage conditions ensure
segregation of serviceable components and material from
unserviceable aircraft components, material, equipment and
tools.
• The conditions of storage are in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions to prevent deterioration and
damage of stored items.
• Access to storage facilities is restricted to authorised
personnel.
Facilities
Serviceable component:
Serviceable components: to
- Technical compliance repair
- Regulatory compliance
- Documentary compliance Non serviceable components:
- Adequate storage conditions Disputed
Segregated zone
Certification of maintenance
A certificate of release to service (CRS) shall be issued :
• by appropriately authorised certifying staff on behalf of
the organisation ;
• when it has been verified that all maintenance ordered has
been properly carried out by the organisation in accordance
with the procedures;
• taking into account the availability and use of the
maintenance data ; and
• that there are no non-compliances which are known to
endanger flight safety.
Certification of maintenance
’Endangers the flight safety’ means any instances where safe operation
could not be assured or which could lead to an unsafe condition.
• An accountable manager
• A person or group of persons whose responsibilities include
ensuring that the organisation complies with this Part
(Quality)
• Appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified
Personnel
The accountable manager shall:
1. ensure that all necessary resources are
available to accomplish maintenance in
accordance with safety and quality policy,
maintenance procedures and quality system to
support the organisation approval.
Accountable
manager
Base Line
Workshop Quality
maintenance maintenance
manager manager
manager manager
Personnel
Man/hour plan:
• The organisation shall have a maintenance man-hour plan
showing that the organisation has sufficient staff to plan,
perform, supervise, inspect and quality monitor the
organisation in accordance with the approval.
• In addition the organisation shall have a procedure to
reassess work intended to be carried out when actual staff
availability is less than the planned staffing level for any
particular work shift or period.
Personnel
Man/hour plan:
• The maintenance man-hour plan should take into account all
maintenance activities carried out outside the scope of the
Part-145 approval.
• The planned absence (for training, vacations, etc.) should be
considered when developing the man-hour plan
Licence or authorisation
Personnel
• For a repetitive pre-flight airworthiness directive which
specifically states that the flight crew may carry out such
airworthiness directive, the organisation may issue a limited
certification authorisation to the aircraft commander and/or the
flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew licence held.
• However, the organisation shall ensure that sufficient practical
training has been carried out to ensure that such aircraft
commander or flight engineer can accomplish the
airworthiness directive to the required standard.
+ =
Limited certification
autorisation
(12 months validity)
Personnel
In the following unforeseen cases, where an aircraft is grounded at a
location other than the main base where no appropriate certifying
staff are available, the organisation contracted to provide
maintenance support may issue a one-off certification authorisation:
• to one of its employees holding equivalent type authorisations
on aircraft of similar technology, construction and systems; or
• to any person with not less than five years maintenance
experience and holding a valid ICAO aircraft maintenance
licence rated for the aircraft type requiring certification provided
there is no organisation appropriately approved under this Part at
that location and the contracted organisation obtains and holds on
file evidence of the experience and the licence of that person.
Note: This must reported to the competent authority within 7 days
and maintenance is re-checked by the organisation afterwards
Maintenance data
The organisation shall hold and use applicable
current maintenance data in the performance of
maintenance, including modifications and repairs.
• ‘Applicable’ means relevant to any aircraft,
component or process specified in the
organisation's approval class rating schedule
and in any associated capability list.
• In the case of maintenance data provided by an
operator or customer, the organisation shall hold
such data when the work is in progress,
Maintenance data
Maintenance data is:
Writing confirmation
Production planning
For the purpose of Part-145, the production planning function
includes two complementary elements:
— scheduling the maintenance work ahead, to ensure that it
will not adversely interfere with other work as regards the
availability of all necessary personnel, tools, equipment,
material, maintenance data and facilities.
— during maintenance work, organising maintenance teams
and shifts and provide all necessary support to ensure the
completion of maintenance without undue time pressure.
Production planning
When establishing the production planning procedure, consideration
should be given to the following:
— logistics,
— inventory control,
— square meters of accommodation,
— man-hours estimation,
— man-hours availability,
— preparation of work,
— hangar availability,
— environmental conditions (access, lighting standards and
cleanliness),
— co-ordination with internal and external suppliers, etc.
— scheduling of safety-critical tasks during periods when staff are
likely to be most alert.
Production planning
When establishing the production planning procedure, consideration
should be given to the following:
— logistics,
— inventory control,
— square meters of accommodation,
— man-hours estimation,
— man-hours availability,
— preparation of work,
— hangar availability,
— environmental conditions (access, lighting standards and
cleanliness),
— co-ordination with internal and external suppliers, etc.
— scheduling of safety-critical tasks during periods when staff are
likely to be most alert.
Maintenance and airworthiness review records
The organisation shall record, as minimum:
- all requirements have been met for the issue of the certificate
of release to service
- subcontractor's release documents, and for the issue of any
airworthiness review certificate and recommendation
Note : Where an terminates its operation, all retained maintenance records covering the
last three years shall be distributed to the last owner or customer of the respective aircraft
or component or shall be stored as specified by the competent authority.
Occurrence reporting
The organisation shall report any condition of the aircraft or
component identified by the organisation that has resulted or
may result in an unsafe condition that hazards seriously the
flight safety, to :
- Competent Authority
- Responsible for the design (TCH)
- State of registry
- What is a CMPA ?
m m
-
- C o
What are the differents Competent Authorities ?
How responsibilities are dealed with a leasing contract ?
-
a n
Which data shall be used for a repair or a modification ?
-
pe
A maintenance task is a combination of ?
r o
Eu
- Where does the term “Part 145” comes from ?
- What is the purpose of a Part 145 ?
- What are the two main organisation manuals in application of Regulation n°1321/2014 ?
- What are the different classes of a Part 145 ?
- When a CRS shall be issued ?
- What is a jobcard ?
- What is the role of a jobcard ?
- Where can I find regulation on initial airworthiness ?
Test
- What are the privileges of the CAMO ?
- What is an AMP and what are the main steps to develop it ?
- What is an ARC and its role within the continuing airworthiness system ?
- What is a “controlled environment” ?
i o n
-
s s
What is the difference between a transfer and an import of an aircraft ?
i
- What is a Form 1 ?
m m
-
-
When a Form 1 shall be issued ?
C o
How could you describe the continuing airworthiness system with a scheme ?
-
ea n
When an aircraft is grounded at a location other than the main line station or main
r op
maintenance base due to the non-availability of a component with the appropriate release
- E u
certificate, give one solution to fit a component on the aircraft
What is line maintenance ?
- What is base maintenance ?
- Give two personnel qualification (rating) for line maintenance
- What is the purpose of a quality and safety system ?
- Where can I find regulation on air operations ?
Case study
You are a well-known independent Airworthiness expert
team, working for a french consultancy start-up in aviation. Your
company, attached to DGAC, just signed a juicy contract with a
foreign country (Haïti) to put in place an aviation competent
authority. Your team is specially tasked to deliver a fully
functionnal Airworthiness Inspection Division (AID).