Clean Energy E.S.B. S.A.

Corporate Executive Summary

Introduction to Clean Energy

Clean Energy E.S.B. S.A. (“Clean Energy” or the “Company”) is a project corporation dedicated to
development of microalgae bio-refinery technology and commercialization of microalgae-derived
bioproducts. The main objective of Clean Energy is to reduce CO2, NOx and SOx gases while
producing high valued bioproducts.
Clean Energy is headquartered in Chile and its main project is located within the site of the AES
Gener Ventanas coal-fired power plant, near the town of Puchuncaví, approximately 150km from
Santiago, Chile. Clean Energy initiated activities in
2005 and operations started in June 2011.
Clean Energy represents the first microalgae bio-
refinery that is directly and permanently connected to
a power plant and that uses the CO2 emissions of the
power plant as input for its production.
Graphic representation of Clean Energy’s
production site.

Clean Energy’s Process

Clean Energy employs proprietary vertical flat panel photo-bioreactors that do not require
electricity for operation and use residual water from the industrial
power plant. This makes Clean Energy a highly sustainable
operation with reduced production costs.
Clean Energy works with different types of microalgae that absorb
the CO2 emissions and subsequently become the source or
numerous bioproducts.
Microalgae are used to produce proteins for feedstock, pigments
such as carotenes and other antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty
acids (omega) and other lipids which may be converted into
biofuels. Clean Energy has already produced a small sample of
biodiesel as a test. Also, Clean Energy is exploring a wide range of
applications of microalgae in numerous industrial sectors such as
the food industry, cement production, mining, glass production, and Image of Clean Energy’s
the steel industry, among others. proprietary panel photo-
Clean Energy has been uniquely successful in cultivating algae bioreactors.

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despite the high concentration of CO2, NOx, SOx, and metal micro particulates.
The Company has reached strategic alliances and cooperation agreements with the center for
sustainability research of Portugal (LNEG) and the leading application oriented research
organization of Germany (Fraunhofer), among others.

Clean Energy is a Real Solution to a Global Problem

CO2 is the main component of greenhouse gases, which absorb most of the longer wavelengths
of the earths’ back radiation, thereby creating a greenhouse effect that warms the earth’s
atmosphere. There is no doubt that CO2 emissions are greatly contributing to global climate
change.
Coal power plants are one of the main sources of CO2 emissions globally.
Microalgae consume CO2 for growth through photosynthesis. In turn, microalgae have the
potential to be converted to biofuels, food, and other products.
Microalgae production has received much attention due to their rapid growth rate, high
concentrations of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, and consumption or sequestration of CO2.
The benefits or advantages include the following:
 Use of land that is unsuitable for agriculture,
 Absorption of CO2 through photosynthesis to grow,
 Capability to grow in salt water, fresh water, or even wastewater, and
 Biodegradable.