14 Concrete Box Culverts Structures

COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Section: 14
STAFF BRIDGE Effective: April 1, 2011

BRIDGE RATING MANUAL Supersedes: New
SECTION 14 – CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS
14-1 INTRODUCTION TO RATING CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS
This section covers the rating of cast-in-place (CIP) concrete and pre-
cast box culverts. This section does not cover flexible culverts or
corrugated metal pipes. All concrete box culverts are to be rated using
the policies and guidelines of the Bridge Rating Manual, Section 1 and
Subsections 14-2 and 14-3.
The rating of flexible culverts will be discussed in subsequent sections

and is not presented here.
When there are no plans available for the concrete box culverts being
rated, the requirements in Subsection 8-4 will be used.
The types of rigid culverts covered by this section are:
CBC - Concrete Box Culvert

PCBC - Concrete Box Culvert, Pre-Cast
The types of culverts not covered by this section are:
AAC - Aluminum Arch Culvert

CAC - Concrete Arch Culvert
RCPC - Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert
RAC - Rubber Arch Culvert
SAC - Steel Arch Culvert
TBC - Timber Box Culvert
TTC - Timber Culvert
14-1
April 1, 2011 Section 14 Page 2 of 35
14-2 POLICIES AND GUIDELINES FOR RATING CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS
I. General
A. After October 1, 2010 Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method

(LRFR) shall be used for all re-rating and new ratings of
culverts designed with Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD).
Load Factor Rating Method (LFR) shall be used for rating culverts
that were designed with Load Factor Design (LFD) or Allowable
Stress Design (ASD).
B. All major concrete box culverts (i.e. length of 20’ or greater

between inside faces of outside walls) shall be rated by the
BRASS-CULVERT program or one acceptable to the CDOT Bridge
Branch. Programs other than BRASS-CULVERT must be approved in
advance by the Staff Bridge Rating Engineer.
C. Inventory and operating rating levels shall be performed for the

HS20-44 and Alternate Military Vehicle loading when LFR method is
used and the HL93 loading when LRFR method is used. Also, an
operating rating shall be performed for the Colorado Permit
Vehicle.
Note: For LFR live load distribution factors refer to “The

AASHTO Standard Specifications”, “The AASHTO Manual for
Bridge Evaluation”, and the “Brass-Culvert User’s Manual”.
For LRFR live load distribution factors refer to “The

AASHTO LRFD Specifications”, “The AASHTO Manual for Bridge
Evaluation”, and “The Brass-Culvert User’s Manual”.
D. When the depth of the fill exceeds 8.0 feet and exceeds the clear
span for a single-cell culvert or exceeds the distance between
interior faces of the outer walls for a multiple-cell culvert,
live load analysis is not required. When the fill height is
greater than 5.0 feet and less than 8.0 feet and the CBC shows no
signs of distress, CDOT will generally consider the structure to
have negligible live load and no live load analysis will be
required. A rating summary sheet is required for culverts meeting
these criteria. Both the inventory and operating rating shall be
coded as 99.9. The permit vehicle rating shall be left blank and
the color code shall be coded as white. The controlling depth of
fill shall be recorded on the Rating Summary Sheet with the
notation “live load is negligible”.
II. Calculations
A. A set of calculations, separate from computer output, shall be

submitted with each rating package. These calculations shall
include derivations for dead loads and any other calculations or
assumptions used for rating.
14-2
B. Dead Loads
1. The final sum of all the individual weight components for

dead load calculations may be rounded up to the next 5
pounds.
2. Dead loads include fill, curbs, sidewalks, railing, etc.
C. Use the minimum design yield strength value Fy and the minimum
compressive strength of concrete F'c from plans.
14-3 RATING REPORTING AND PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS
I. Rating Reporting/Package Requirements
A. A copy of the Brass-Culvert schematic drawing or sketch showing

the elevation and applied loads shall be included with the rating
package.
B. The rater and checker shall complete the rating documentation

(i.e. the rating QA checklist) as described in Section 1 of the
Bridge Rating Manual. Any variation from the original design
assumptions shall be added to the Rating Summary Sheet as
applicable. The rating package requirements shall be per Section
1-13 of the Bridge Rating Manual and as amended herein.
II. Consultant Requirements
A. Consultant designed projects – Before finalizing the rating

package and when BRASS-CULVERT is used as the analysis tool, the
Rater shall verify with the Staff Bridge that the version number
of the program being used is identical to CDOT’S version number.
Data files created using a lower version of the program shall be
rejected.
B. When the rating is finalized, the rater shall save the input and
output files in “*.cus” and “*.out” format respectively. The file
name shall include the structure number of the rated CBC (i.e.,
O-14-BY.cus and O-14-BY.out). The rating package including input
and output files, Rating Summary Sheet and necessary computations
in pdf shall be transmitted electronically to Staff Bridge for
archiving.
14-4 CONCRETE BOX CULVERT RATING EXAMPLES
Two examples are presented in this section. First, Structure X-01-X is a

3-cell culvert with 3 feet of fill. The structure has a 3 inch asphalt
roadway. Loading includes a 1000 lbs. point load at the mid-span of each
of the three cells and a 25 plf load across the structure to account for
the rail dead load. The second structure, X-02-X, is a single-cell
culvert with a skew of 10 degrees. The culvert has 6 feet of fill. It
also carries a 4 inch asphalt roadway and a 23 plf rail load. Each of the
two examples are rated using a HS20-44 truck and lane live load, Colorado
Permit Vehicle and an Alternate Military Vehicle.
14-3
To perform a rating, input the following tabs. When this is completed,

select the Execution button on the toolbar. The output file is viewed by
selecting the output button on the toolbar. A graphical output is also
available for review.
From the main toolbar, click on File and open an existing file or click
on new and enter the following general information. The rater can also
use the button toolbar as shown below or click on the tabs directly. The
button toolbar includes the following buttons: Job Description, Analysis
Control, Design Control, Output Control, Material Properties, Box
Geometry, Skew, Haunches, Concrete Cover, Reinforcing Review, Dead Loads
and Live Loads.
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Job Description, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Enter the title, structure ID, agency, units and a brief description of
the structure.
14-4
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Analysis Control, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Using the same techniques, enter the following Analysis Controls

including structure type, floor system continuity, design method, load
factors and design controls.
Note: If rebar is exposed and corrosion is incorporated in the rating, in

the Reinforcing Input Method, select the Diameter option and enter the
reduced values in the Reinforcing Review tab.
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Design Control, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Skip This Input Tab. Not applicable, Tab is for Design Review.
14-5
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Output Control, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Select the output options desired.
14-6
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Material Properties, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
When plans are available, use the minimum concrete strength and yield
strength values given in the plans. If plan values are not known, values
given in Section 1 of the Bridge Rating Manual for the applicable year of
construction may be followed.
14-7
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Box Geometry, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Enter in the culvert geometry and dimensions as indicated below.
14-8
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Skew, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Enter the culvert skew angle if applicable. The skew angle is measured
relative to a line perpendicular to the centerline of the roadway.
14-9
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Haunches, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
To add haunches put in the appropriate dimensions and check the

Haunch(es) Exist box. Make sure to check the Consider haunches in
analysis in the Analysis Control tab.
14-10
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Concrete Cover, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Enter in concrete cover as specified in the plans.
14-11
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Reinforcing Review, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Enter the appropriate bar sizes and spacing. If the condition of the
rebar indicates that full strength should not be used, the bar diameter
should be reduced where appropriate, See the Analysis Control tab.
14-12
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Dead Loads, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Enter the dead load and Pressure parameters as indicated below.
14-13
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Live Loads, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
Enter in the appropriate live load vehicles. For this example and the
typical LFR rating, use the HS20-44 truck, lane live load, Alternate
Military Vehicle and the Colorado Permit Vehicle.
14-14
BRASS-CULVERT Program Schematic, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
After completing all the input tabs, the schematic gives a graphical
representation of the culvert dimensions and loads.
Click the execute button in the toolbar.
14-15
BRASS-CULVERT Program Graphics, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X
After Brass-Culvert has been executed press the graphics button for
moment, shear and axial force diagrams.
14-16
SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS FOR CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS
The results of the LFD rating analysis are as follows.
PAGE 70
DATE 01/25/2010
BRASS-CULVERT Version 2.2.8
Example 1
** LOAD RATING SUMMARY **
*INVENTORY RATING*
LOAD NO. 1: AASHTO HS20-44 (MS 18) TRUCK (US)

TOTAL VEHICLE WT. : 36.000 (TONS)
CONTROLLING MEMBER : 2
CONTROLLING POINT : 1
RATING FACTOR : 2.011
LOAD RATING : 72.411 (TONS)
LOAD NO. 2: AASHTO HS20-44 (MS 18) LANE (US)

LOAD NO. 3: Colorado Permit Vehicle

LOAD NO. 4: AASHTO ALTERNATE MILITARY LOADING (US)

*OPERATING RATING*

14-17



14-18
Fill out the Rating Summary Sheet using policies and guidelines in the
Bridge Rating Manual, Section 1.
14-19
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Job Description, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Enter the title, structure ID, agency, units and a brief description of
the structure.
14-20
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Analysis Control, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Using the same techniques, enter the following Analysis Controls

including structure type, floor system continuity, design method, load
factors and design controls.
Note: If rebar is exposed and corrosion is incorporated in the rating, in

the Reinforcing Input Method, select the Diameter option and enter the
reduced values in the Reinforcing Review tab.
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Design Control, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Skip This Input Tab. Not applicable, Tab is for Design Review.
14-21
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Output Control, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Select the output options desired.
14-22
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Material Properties, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
When plans are available, use the minimum concrete strength and yield
strength values given in the plans. If plan values are not known, values
given in Section 1 of the Bridge Rating Manual for the applicable year of
construction may be followed.
14-23
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Box Geometry, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Enter in the culvert geometry and dimensions as indicated below
14-24
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Skew, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Enter the culvert skew angle if applicable. The skew angle is measured
relative to a line perpendicular to the centerline of the roadway.
14-25
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Haunches, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
To add haunches put in the appropriate dimensions and check the

Haunch(es) Exist box. Make sure to check the Consider haunches in
analysis in the Analysis Control tab.
14-26
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Concrete Cover, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Enter in concrete cover as specified in the plans.
14-27
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Reinforcing Review, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Enter the appropriate bar sizes and spacing. If the condition of the
rebar indicates that full strength should not be used, the bar diameter
should be reduced where appropriate, See the Analysis Control tab.
14-28
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Dead Loads, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Enter the dead load and Pressure parameters as indicated below.
14-29
BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Live Loads, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X
Enter in the appropriate live load vehicles. For this example and the
typical LFR rating, use the HS20-44 truck, lane live load, Alternate
Military Vehicle and the Colorado Permit Vehicle.
14-30
After completing all the input tabs, the schematic gives a graphical
representation of the culver dimensions and loads.
Click the execute button in the toolbar.
14-31
After Brass-Culvert has been executed press the graphics button for
moment, shear and axial force diagrams
14-32
SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS FOR CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS
The results of the LFD rating analysis are as follows.
PAGE 52
DATE 01/25/2010
BRASS-CULVERT Version 2.2.8
Example 2
** LOAD RATING SUMMARY **
*INVENTORY RATING*




*OPERATING RATING*

14-33



14-34
Fill out the Rating Summary Sheet using the policies and guidelines in
the Bridge Rating Manual, Section 1.
14-35

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COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Section: 14

STAFF BRIDGE Effective: April 1, 2011

14-1 INTRODUCTION TO RATING CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS

The rating of flexible culverts will be discussed in subsequent sections

The types of rigid culverts covered by this section are:

CBC - Concrete Box Culvert

The types of culverts not covered by this section are:

AAC - Aluminum Arch Culvert

14-2 POLICIES AND GUIDELINES FOR RATING CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS

A. After October 1, 2010 Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method

B. All major concrete box culverts (i.e. length of 20’ or greater

C. Inventory and operating rating levels shall be performed for the

Note: For LFR live load distribution factors refer to “The

For LRFR live load distribution factors refer to “The

A. A set of calculations, separate from computer output, shall be

1. The final sum of all the individual weight components for

2. Dead loads include fill, curbs, sidewalks, railing, etc.

14-3 RATING REPORTING AND PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS

I. Rating Reporting/Package Requirements

A. A copy of the Brass-Culvert schematic drawing or sketch showing

B. The rater and checker shall complete the rating documentation

II. Consultant Requirements

A. Consultant designed projects – Before finalizing the rating

14-4 CONCRETE BOX CULVERT RATING EXAMPLES

Two examples are presented in this section. First, Structure X-01-X is a

To perform a rating, input the following tabs. When this is completed,

Using the same techniques, enter the following Analysis Controls

Note: If rebar is exposed and corrosion is incorporated in the rating, in

Select the output options desired.

Enter in the culvert geometry and dimensions as indicated below.

BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Skew, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X

BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Haunches, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X

To add haunches put in the appropriate dimensions and check the

Enter in concrete cover as specified in the plans.

Enter the dead load and Pressure parameters as indicated below.

BRASS-CULVERT Program Schematic, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X

Click the execute button in the toolbar.

BRASS-CULVERT Program Graphics, Example 1 – Structure No. X-01-X

SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS FOR CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS

The results of the LFD rating analysis are as follows.

** LOAD RATING SUMMARY **

LOAD NO. 1: AASHTO HS20-44 (MS 18) TRUCK (US)

LOAD NO. 2: AASHTO HS20-44 (MS 18) LANE (US)

LOAD NO. 3: Colorado Permit Vehicle

LOAD NO. 4: AASHTO ALTERNATE MILITARY LOADING (US)

LOAD NO. 1: AASHTO HS20-44 (MS 18) TRUCK (US)

LOAD NO. 2: AASHTO HS20-44 (MS 18) LANE (US)

LOAD NO. 3: Colorado Permit Vehicle

LOAD NO. 4: AASHTO ALTERNATE MILITARY LOADING (US)

Using the same techniques, enter the following Analysis Controls

Note: If rebar is exposed and corrosion is incorporated in the rating, in

Select the output options desired.

Enter in the culvert geometry and dimensions as indicated below

BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Skew, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X

BRASS-CULVERT Program Input Tab, Haunches, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X

To add haunches put in the appropriate dimensions and check the

Enter in concrete cover as specified in the plans.

Enter the dead load and Pressure parameters as indicated below.

BRASS-CULVERT Program Schematic, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X

Click the execute button in the toolbar.

BRASS-CULVERT Program Schematic, Example 2 – Structure No. X-02-X

SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS FOR CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS

The results of the LFD rating analysis are as follows.

LOAD RATING SUMMARY

LOAD RATING SUMMARY