Empeza rexposicion con varias deifiniciones: real cademia, la antigua real academia, Covarrubias

Dechado como elemento conformador de moralidad en las mujeres en la transición del virreinato
a la nueva nación (Museum 2018) (Rosner 2017) (Museo de Historia Mexicana 2015)

(M. M. Enríquez 2015) (M. F. Enríquez 2014) (Real Academia Española 2019)

Del lat. dictātum 'precepto', 'enseñanza':

1. m. Ejemplar, muestra que se tiene presente para imitar.//

2. m. Ejemplo y modelo de virtudes y perfecciones, o de
vicios y maldades.// 3. m. p. us. Paño con distintas muestras
de costura o bordados para aprender a coser.

Real Academia Española

POR QUE EL DECHADO?

amplers were a preparation for adult life. Makers knew that their needleworking skills would help
them after marriage to organise their households and to manage their personal adornment and
that of their families. They also provided them with useful memoranda of stitches and designs. For
more experienced needleworkers, samplers served as a method of measuring and recording their
attainments

panels of embroidered cloth made to display needlework skills through stitched

USO:

decoration of tablecloths, bedspreads, pillows and other types of household linen.

NACIONALISMO

border decoration for linen, domestic furnishings, costume accessories and purses.

EN DONDE LO APRENDÍAN: Most girls who lived in New Spain during and after the Spanish
Conquest learned how to stitch samplers in convents or at escuelas de amiga, schools for girls
whose families could not afford convent educations

MOTIVOS QUE SE BORDABAN

animals, birds, flowers and foliage; shading devices such as 'long and short ' enabled embroiderers
to achieve subtle colour changes

butterfly, birds, animals, flowers and religious symbols

alphabets, numbers, verses, and decorative motifs

Aztec stitch, drawn work, and motifs derived from a variety of sources, most likely including
pattern books. female figures, birds, flowers, celestial images, and spotted felines, symbols that
are ubiquitous in European and North American samplers.

The eagle with outstretched wings and a serpent in its beak, perching on a nopal (prickly pear
cactus), commemorates the founding of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. When Spanish rule ended
in 1821, this design became a popular symbol of Independence and national pride

materiales y uso: silk, cotton or linen, metallic threads were sometimes used for the clothing of
the elite and for ecclesiastical work.

example from our collection is embroidered with gilt thread, purl, spangles (small sequin-like
pieces of glittering metal) and coloured silks

cuentas de vidrio

The Virgin Mary is unique to Mexican samplers and reflects the makers’ Catholic heritage. All three
samplers depict the Virgin as embodying the Immaculate Conception, with a halo of twelve stars.
The two 18th-century examples include depictions of mirrors, cypress, and palm trees, all
emblematic of Mary’s piety.

The 18th-century sampler with the Virgin Mary medallion flanked by two silver stars includes two
inscriptions: "vendito y loada sea Maria" (“blessed and praised be Mary”) and "Joaquina para ti si
me olbidares" (“Joaquina, for you, should you forget me”). Like the visual motifs, the sampler-
maker’s sentiments are both religious and secular. While samplers were practical, they were also
personal, allowing us, centuries later, glimpses into the lives of the girls who stitched them.

Referencias
Enríquez, Mayela Flores. «Dechado mexicano.» Miradas 01 (2014): 146-150.

Conferencia Inaugural. Dechados de Virtudes: Mujeres que cosen historias. Dirigido por Museo del
Noreste y Museo del Palacio Museo de Historia Mexicana. Interpretado por Mtra. Mayela
Flores Enríquez. 2015.

Museo de Historia Mexicana, Museo del Noreste y Museo del Palacio. Dechados de Virtudes:
Mujeres que cosen historias. 14 de octubre de 2015.
https://www.3museos.com/es/2015/10/dechados/# (último acceso: 19 de noviembre de
2019).

Museum, Victoria and Albert. Mexican Embroidery. 16 de junio de 2018.

https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/mexican-embroidery (último acceso: 19 de noviembre de
2019).
Real Academia Española, RAE. Definición: Dechado. 2019. https://dle.rae.es/dechado (último
acceso: 19 de noviembre de 2019).

Rosner, Isabella. «Stitching History: LACMA’s Guatemalan and Mexican Samplers.» Los Angeles
County Museum of Art (LACMA). 21 de agosto de 2017.
https://unframed.lacma.org/2017/08/21/stitching-history-lacma%E2%80%99s-
guatemalan-and-mexican-samplers (último acceso: 19 de noviembre de 2019).