POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF LAW

ADMINISTRATI VE LAW, ELECTION LAW AND

THE LAW ON PUBLIC OFFICERS

PART A. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

§ Definitions
a. Administrative Law
b. Government of the Republic of the Philippines (see Administrative
Code of 1987, Section 2)
c. National Government (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
d. Local Government (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
e. Agency of the Government (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section
2)
f. Department (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
g. Bureau (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
h. Office (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
i. Instrumentality (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
j. Regulatory agency (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
k. Chartered institution (see Administrative Code of 1987, Section 2)
l. Government-owned or controlled corporation (see Administrative Code
of 1987, Section 2)
§ GOCC Governance Act of 2011 (Republic Act No. 10149)
§ Kinds of Administrative Law
§ Scope of Administrative Law
§ Sources of Administrative Law

Cases:

1. Mecano v. COA, 216 SCRA 500

2. Leveriza v. IAC 157 SCRA 282
3. Luzon Development Bank v. Association of Luzon Dev. Bank Employees,
64 SCAD 918 or 249 SCRA 162
4. Iron and Steel Authority v. Court of Appeals, 65 SCAD 261 or 249 SCRA
538

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II. ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES

§ Creation, Establishment and Abolition of Administrative Agencies

Cases:
1. Crisostomo v. Court of Appeals, 258 SCRA 134
2. Viola v. Alunan, III, 277 SCRA 409 (1997)
3. Biraogo v. The Philippine Truth Commission of 2010, G.R. No.
192935, Dec. 7, 2010

§ Reorganization of Administrative Agencies

a. Definition of Reorganization
b. President’s power to reorganize; basis
c. Power of other agencies to reorganize; limitations
Cases:
1. Anak Mindanao Party-List Group v. The Executive Secretary, G.R. No.
166052, August 29, 2007
2. Bagaoisan v. National Tobacco Administration, G.R. No. 152845,
August 5, 2003
3. Kapisanan ng mga Kawani ng Energy Regulatory Board v.
Commissioner Fe Barin, G.R. No. 150974, June 29, 2007
4. National Land Titles and Deeds Registration Administration v. Civil
Service Commission, 221 SCRA 145
5. Eugenio v. Civil Service Commission, 60 SCAD 262 or 242 SCRA 196
(1995)

§ Reasons/purposes for creating administrative agencies

§ Common types of administrative agencies

III. POWER OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES

§ General Principles

Cases:
1. Makati Stock Exchange, Inc. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 16
SCRA 623 (1965)
2. Kilusang Bayan, etc. v. Dominguez, 205 SCRA 92 (1992)
3. Senator Robert S. Jaworksi v. PAGCOR, G.R. No. 144463, January 14,
2004
4. Radio Communications of the Phils., v. National Telecommunications
Commission, 215 SCRA 455 (1992)
5. Cooperative Development Authority v. Dolefil Agrarian Reform
Beneficiaries Cooperative, Inc., 382 SCRA 552 (2002)
6. Matienzo v. Abellera, 162 SCRA 11 (1988)
7. Laguna Lake Development Authority v. Court of Appeals, 49 SCAD 649 or
231 SCRA 292 (1994)

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§ Quasi-Legislative Power (Rule-Making)

a. Legislative power
b. Doctrine of Separation of Powers
c. Non-delegation of legislative power
d. Exceptions to the doctrine of non-delegation of legislative power

Cases:
1. US v. Barrias, 11 Phil. 327 (1908)
2. People v. Vera, 65 Phil 327 (1937)
3. Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. v. POEA, 166 SCRA 533 (1988)
4. Rabor v. CSC, 244 SCRA 614 (1995)
5. Re: Entitlement to Hazard Pay of SC Medical and Dental Clinic Personnel,
A.M. No. 03-9-02-SC, Nov. 27, 2008

e. Kinds of Administrative Rules and Regulations

o Supplementary or detailed legislation

o Interpretative legislation
o Contingent legislation

Cases:
1. ABAKADA Guro Party List v. Purisima, G.R. No. 166715, August 14,
2008
2. Gutierrez v. DBM, G.R. No. 153266, March 18, 2010 (and other
allied cases)
3. BPI Leasing v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127624, Nov. 18, 2003
4. Board of Trustees v. Velasco, G.R. No. 170436, February 2, 2011

f. Requisites for Validity of Administrative Rules and Regulations

Cases:
1. Dagan v. Philippine Racing Commission, G.R. No. 175220, February
12, 2009
2. Smart Communications Inc., v. NTC, G.R. No. 151908, August 12,
2003
3. Conte v. Commission on Audit , 76 SCAD 16 or 264 SCRA 19 (1996)

g. Penal Rules and Regulations

Cases:

1. People v. Santos, 63 Phil. 300 (1936)

2. People v. Que Po Lay, 94 Phil. (1954)
3. People v. Maceren, 79 SCRA 450 (1977)

h. Force and effect of administrative rules and regulations

Cases:
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1. Peralta v. Civil Service Commission, 212 SCRA 425 (1992)
2. Javellana v. DILG, 212 SCRA 475 (1992)

i. Requirements of notice and hearing or publication

Case:

1. Commissioner
(1996) of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals, 261 SCRA 236
2. Commissioner of Customs v. Hypermix Feeds Corp., G.R. No. 179579,
Feb. 1, 2012

j. Construction of administrative rules and regulations

Case:

1. Victorias Milling Co v. Social Security Commission, 4 SCRA 627

2. National Food Authority v. MASADA Security Agency, G.R. No. 163448,
March 8, 2005
3. SGMC Realty Corporation v. Office of the President, G.R. No. 126999,
August 30, 2000

k. Prospective or retroactive operation of rules and regulation

Case:

1. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Azucena T. Reyes, G.R. No.

159694, January 27, 2006
2. Rosario Dadulo v. Honorable Court of Appeals, Office of the
Ombudsman, et al, G.R. No. 175451, Sept. 28, 2007

l. Amendment or repeal of administrative rules and regulations

Case:

1. Republic of the Philippines v. Express Telecommunications Company,

Inc., G.R. No. 147096, January 15, 2002

m. Administrative rule and interpretation distinguished

o. Kinds of executive interpretations of the law

Case:
1. San Miguel Corp. v. Inciong, 103 SCRA 139 (1981)

p. Weight accorded to contemporaneous construction

Case:
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 1. Asturias Sugar Central Inc. v. Commissioner of Customs, 29 SCRA
617 (1967)

r. When contemporaneous construction disregarded

s. Erroneous construction creates no right; exception

§ Quasi-Judicial Power (Adjudicatory)

a. Definition

Cases:
1. Carino v. Commission on Human Rights, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)
2. Megaworld Globus Asia, Inc. v. DSM Construction and Development
Corp., GR No. 153310, March 2, 2004
3. NAPOCOR v. Hon. Rose Marie Alonzo-Leasto, GR No. 148318, Nov.
22,2004

b. Distinguished from quasi-legislative functions

Cases:
1. Lupangco v. Court of Appeals, 160 SCRA 848 (1988)

c. Jurisdiction

Cases:
1. Chin v. Land Bank of the Philippines, 201 SCRA 190 (1991)
2. Azarcon v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 747 (1997)

d. Administrative Due Process

Administrative Procedure (1987 Administrative Code, Book VII)

a. Definition of "contested case"

b. Institution of proceedings
c. Forum shopping
d. Acquisition of jurisdiction of quasi-judicial agency
e. Default in administrative case
f. Hearing
g. Subpoena
h. Contempt power
i. Evidence

e. Due Process in Quasi-Judicial Proceedings

Generally
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B. Modes of acquiring title to public office

C. Modes and kinds of appointment

D. Eligibility and qualification requirements

E. Disabilities and inhibitions of public officers

F. Powers and duties of public officers

G. Rights of public officers

H. Liabilities of public officers

1. Preventive suspension and back salaries
2. Illegal dismissal, reinstatement and back salaries

I. Immunity of public officers

J. De facto officers

K. Termination of official relation

L. The civil service

1. Scope
2. Appointments to the civil service
3. Personnel actions

M. Accountability of public officers

1. Impeachment
2. Ombudsman
a) Functions
b) Judicial review in administrative proceedings
c) Judicial review in penal proceedings
3. Sandiganbayan
4. Ill-gotten wealth

N. Term limits

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