10/28/2010

Operating System Recap of Previous Lecture

• Operating System Operations

• Process Management
Course Code: CS-205 • Memory Management
• Input/Output Management
Lecture # 3 • Storage Management Summary
Syed Hasnain Haider • File system management
Department of Computer Science • Command Line Interpreter
University of Gujrat • Accounting

1 2

Scope of Lecture Operating System Structure

• Operating System Structure • The manner of construction of something and the arrangement
of its parts to reflect as a system
• User Operating System Interface
• The design of a new operating system is a major task.
• System Calls • It is important that the goals of the system be well defined
• Types of System Calls before the design begins.
begins
• These goals form the basis for choices among various
algorithms and strategies.

e,g Data Structure

3 4

Operating System Structure Operating System Services

Objectives • An operating system provides an environment for the

• To describe the services an operating system provides to users, execution of programs.
processes, and other systems. • It provides certain services to programs and to the users of
• To discuss the various ways of structuring an operating those programs.
system
system. • The specific services provided,
provided of course,
course differ from one
• To explain how operating systems are installed and customized operating system to another, but we can identify common
and how they boot. classes.
• These operating-system services are provided for the
convenience of the programmer, to make the programming
task easier

5 6

1
 10/28/2010

Operating System Services Operating System Services

• User Interface • Program Execution

o Command Line Interface o OS load program
o Batch Interface o Complete Execution
o Graphic User Interface o Termination (normally or abnormally)

7 8

Operating System Services Operating System Services

• I/O Operations • File System Manipulation

o Programs require I/O o File system provide disk management
o Programs require I/O devices
o OS must provide a mean to do I/O operation safely

9 10

Operating System Services Operating System Services

• Communication • Error Detection

o OS must provides way of communication between o OS must provides a mechanism to detect errors
o Processes on same machine or on different machine o It may be in CPU processing
o It may be in memory

11 12

2
 10/28/2010

Operating System Services Operating System Services

• Resource Allocation • Protection & Security

o When more then one users are interacting with OS, it must provides
way of resource allocation to all of them
o Different type of resources are like printer, memory allocation etc
o The owners of information stored in a multiuser or networked computer
system may want to control use of that information.
o When several separate processes execute concurrently, it should not be
possible for one process to interfere with the others or with the
operating system itself.
o Protection involves ensuring that all access to system resources is
controlled.

13 14

User Operating System Interfaces User Operating System Interfaces

• There are two fundamental approaches for users to interface with the • Command Line Interface
operating system. o In Windows XP, LINUX and UNIX, treat the command interpreter as a special program that is
running when a job is initiated or when a user first logs on (on interactive systems).
o The main function of the command interpreter is to get and execute the next user-specified
o Command Line Interface
command.
o Graphic User Interface
o Many of the commands given at this level manipulate files: create, delete, list, print, copy,
execute,
t andd so on.
o The MS-DOS, LINUX and UNIX shells operate in this way.

15 16

User Operating System Interfaces User Operating System Interfaces

• Basic ways to implement commands. • Graphic User Interface
o A second strategy for interfacing with the operating system is through a user friendly
graphical user interface or GUI.
o Command interpreter itself contains the code to execute the command
o A GUI allows provides a mouse-based window-and-menu system as an interface.
o Implements most commands as system programs
o A GUI provides a desktop metaphor where the mouse is moved to position its pointer on
images, or icons, on the screen (the desktop) that represent programs, files, directories,
andd system
t functions.
f ti
o Depending on the mouse pointer's location, clicking a button on the mouse can invoke a
program, select a file or directory

17 18

3
 10/28/2010

System Calls System Calls

• System calls provide an interface to the services made available by an • How user programs execute?
operating system.
• These calls are generally available as routines written in C and C++.
#include<stdio.h>
System calls are the only source to access the OS services int main()
Keep in mind {
printf(“Greating“);
return 0;
}

19 20

System Calls System Calls

• How user C programs execute • User programs & System Calls interaction

21 22

System Calls System Calls

• Types of system calls
o Process management
o File manipulation
o Device manipulation
o Information maintenance
o Communication

23 24

4
 10/28/2010

What we did today?

• Operating System Structure
• User Operating System Interface
• System Calls
• Types of System Calls Thanks

25 26