TRIGONOMETRIC APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY

A Dissertation Submitted to
KARNATAKA STATE OPEN UNIVERSITY

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MATHEMATICS

Submitted by
MANOHAR. S. DAS
Roll No : 13300100003300000190

Department of Studies in Mathematics

Karnataka State Open University
Muktagangotri, Mysore – 570 006

DECEMBER - 2015
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the dissertation entitled ‘Trigonometric

applications in Science and Technology’ submitted for the M. Sc. Degree is
my original work and the dissertation has not formed the basis for the award
of any degree, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar titles submitted
to any Institute or University.

Place: Mysore
Date: Signature of the student
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my Project

guide Zaiba mam and Pavithra mam, she willingness to motivate me and his
guidance contributed tremendously to this project work.

I Sincerely express my gratitude to my beloved parents for their

encouragement in all my Endeavour of life. Lastly, I take this opportunity to
offer my regards to all of those who have supported me directly or indirectly
in completing this project work.

Place: Mysore
Date:
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-18

1.1 TRIGONOMETRY 2
1.2 HISTORY OF TRIGONOMETRY 2-3
1.3 ANCIENT EGYPT AND THE MEDITERRANEAN 3-5
WORLD
1.4 MODERN TRIGONOMETRY 5-10
1.5 HISTORY 11-13
1.6 OVERVIEW 14-18
CHAPTER 2 CALCULATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 19-23
2.1 APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY 20-21
2.2 COMMON FORMULAE 21
2.3 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES 21-23

CHAPTER - 3 TRIANGLE IDENTITIES 24-26

3.1 LAWS OF SINES AND COSINES 25
3.2 LAW OF SINES 25
3.3 LAW OF COSINES 25-26
3.4 THE LAW OF TANGENTS 26
CHAPTER-4 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 27-39
4.1 PRINCIPAL VALUES 29-33
4.2 COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES: 33
4.3 NEGATIVE ARGUMENTS: 33
4.4 RECIPROCAL ARGUMENTS: 33-37
4.5 TRIGONOMETRY/GRAPHS OF SINE AND 38-39
COSINE FUNCTIONS
CHAPTER – 5 TRIGONOMETRY 40-47
5.1 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 40
5.2 SIGNS OF ANGLES IN QUADRANTS : 41-42
5.3 VALUES OF QUADRANT ANGLES : 42
5.4 SPECIAL VALUES IN TRIGONOMETRIC 43
FUNCTIONS
5.5 INVERSE FUNCTIONS 43-45
5.6 LAW OF SINES 45
5.7 LAW OF COSINES 45-46
5.8 LAW OF TANGENTS 46
5.9 LAW OF COTANGENTS 47
BIBLIOGRAPHY 48-49