Gamma Environmental Pathfinder

Chart: POR-1a and POR-1b (Gamma Ray Environmental Corrections - Mud
Weight and Borehole Size)
Applications: To determine the approximate correction applied to HDS1 and CWR Gamma
readings due to mud weight and borehole size.
Directions: 1. Find the chart for the correct tool size (4.75", 6.75", 8.0", or 9.5") and tool
position (centered or eccentered).
2. Enter the chart on the Borehole Diameter axis at the correct borehole diameter.
3. Project vertically to the curve corresponding to the correct value of the mud
weight, then project horizontally to the GRcor/GR axis and read off the correction
factor.
4. Multiply the log value of the Gamma reading by the correction factor.
Example: Assume that a Gamma log taken with a 6.75 inch collar centered in a 9 inch borehole
reads 65 API and was drilled with a 12 lb/gal mud. The chart (third down on POR-1a)
indicates that the correction factor is 1.12. The corrected reading is then 65*1.12 = 72.8
Notes: 1. Under the standard reference conditions for PathFinder Gamma Ray tools, the tool
is centered in an 8.5 inch borehole, and both the tool and the borehole are filled
with fresh water. In the field, however, the conditions are usually not standard, and
the field logs are generally not presented with gamma ray values corrected for
borehole size and mud weight.
2. Apply any potassium chloride (KCl) correction (charts POR-1c through POR-1j)
before correcting for mud weight and borehole size.
104
LWD Log Interpretation Charts PathFinder Energy Services, Inc., 2002
Gamma Ray Mud Weight and Borehole Size Corrections
4.75 inch and 6.75 inch Tools
2.5
2.3 4.75 in tool, centered 18 lb/gal
2.1 16
1.9
GRcor/GR
1.7 12
1.5
1.3 8
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Borehole Diameter (in)
2.00
4.75 in tool, eccentered
1.75 18 lb/gal
16
GRcor/GR
1.50
12
1.25
8
1.00
0.75
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3.0
6.75 in tool, centered
2.5 18 lb/gal 16
GRcor/GR
2.0 12
1.5
8
1.0
0.5
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2.00
6.75 in tool, eccentered 18 lb/gal 16
1.75
GRcor/GR
1.50 12
1.25 8
1.00
0.75
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
POR-1a
Gamma Ray Mud Weight and Borehole Size Corrections
8.0 inch and 9.5 inch Tools
3.5
8.0 in tool, centered 18 lb/gal
3.0
16
2.5
GRcor/GR
12
2.0
1.5 8
1.0
0.5
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
2.50
2.25 8.0 in tool, eccentered 18 lb/gal
16
2.00
GRcor/GR
1.75 12
1.50
8
1.25
1.00
0.75
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
4.0
9.5 in tool, centered 18 lb/gal
3.5
16
3.0
GRcor/GR
2.5 12
2.0
8
1.5
1.0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3.0
9.5 in tool, eccentered
18 lb/gal
2.5 16
GRcor/GR
2.0 12
1.5 8
1.0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
POR-1b
Chart: POR-1c through 1j (Gamma Ray Environmental Corrections - Potassium Mud)
Applications: To determine the approximate correction applied to HDS1 Gamma readings due to
potassium chloride (KCl) in the drilling mud.
Directions: 1. Find the chart for the correct tool size (4.75", 6.75", 8.0", or 9.5"), tool position
(centered or eccentered), and mud weight (10, 12, 14, or 16 lb/gal). If you need
corrections for a mud weight other than those given, find the corrections for the
given mud weights and interpolate linearly to the needed mud weight.
2. Enter the chart on the Borehole Diameter axis at the correct borehole diameter.
3. Project vertically to the curve corresponding to the correct value of the KCl
concentration, then project horizontally to the KCl Correction axis and read off the
correction.
4. Subtract the correction from the log value of the Gamma reading..
Example: Assume that a Gamma log taken with a 4.75 inch collar eccentered in an 8 inch
borehole reads 97 API and that the 12 lb/gal drilling mud was made with 10% KCl by
weight. The chart (POR-1d, second down) indicates that the KCl correction is 18 API,
so the corrected reading is 97 - 18 = 79 API.
Assume that a Gamma log taken with a 8.0 inch collar centered in a 12 inch borehole
reads 135 API and that the 12.6 lb/gal drilling mud was made with 15% KCl by
weight. The 12 lb/gal chart on POR-1g indicates an 79 API correction, and the 14
lb/gal chart on POR-1g indicates a 68 API correction for 14 lb/gal mud. The
interpolated correction for 12.6 lb/gal is
(12.6 - 12)
Corection = 79 + (68 - 79) = 76 API
(14 - 12)
The corrected log reading is then 135 - 76 = 59 API.
Notes: 1. KCl corrections must be applied before mud weight and hole size corrections.
2. If you have the potassium concentration in terms of pounds per barrel (ppb) KCl
or mg/liter potassium ion (K+), use the following equations to convert to % KCl by
weight:
(% KCI) = -0.000378*(ppb KCI)2 + 0.2818*(ppb KCI) + 0.0247

+
(ppb KCI) = (mg/liter K )/1500

HDS1 Gamma Ray Potassium Mud Corrections
4.75 inch Tool, Centered
140
KCl Correction (API)
120 10 lb/gal mud, centered tool

25% KCl
100
80
60 15% KCl
40
20 5% KCl
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Borehole Diameter (inches)
120
12 lb/gal mud, centered tool

100
25% KCl
80
60
15% KCl
40
20 5% KCl
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
100

80 25% KCl
70
60
50
15% KCl
40
30
20 5% KCl
10
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
80
70 16 lb/gal mud, centered tool 25% KCl

60
50
40 15% KCl
30
20
10 5% KCl
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
POR-1c
4.75 inch Tool, Eccentered
120
10 lb/gal mud, eccentered tool
100
25% KCl
80
60
15% KCl
40
20 5% KCl
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
90
80 12 lb/gal mud, eccentered tool
25% KCl
70
60
50
40 15% KCl
30
20
5% KCl
10
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
80
70
25% KCl
60
50
40
15% KCl
30
20
10 5% KCl
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
70
60
25% KCl
50
40
30 15% KCl
20
10 5% KCl
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
POR-1d
180
25% KCl
140
120
100
80 15% KCl
60
40
5% KCl
20
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
160
140 12 lb/gal mud, centered tool 25% KCl

120
100
80
15% KCl
60
40
20 5% KCl
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
140

25% KCl
100
80
60 15% KCl
40
20 5% KCl
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
120

100
25% KCl
80
60
15% KCl
40
20 5% KCl
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
POR-1e
160
140 25% KCl

120
100
80 15% KCl
60
40
20 5% KCl
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
140
120 25% KCl

100
80
15% KCl
60
40
20 5% KCl
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
120
100
25% KCl
80
60
15% KCl
40
20 5% KCl
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
100
25% KCl
80
70
60
50 15% KCl
40
30
20
5% KCl
10
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
POR-1f
250
10 lb/gal mud, centered tool 25% KCl

200
150
15% KCl
100
50
5% KCl
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
250

200
25% KCl
150
100 15% KCl
50
5% KCl
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
180
160
14 lb/gal mud, centered tool 25% KCl

140
120
100
80 15% KCl
60
40
20 5% KCl
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
160

25% KCl
120
100
80
15% KCl
60
40
20 5% KCl
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
POR-1g
250

200 25% KCl
150
100 15% KCl
50
5% KCl
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
200
180

160 25% KCl
140
120
100
80 15% KCl
60
40
5% KCl
20
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
160
140 25% KCl

120
100
80
15% KCl
60
40
20 5% KCl
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
140
120 25% KCl

100
80
60 15% KCl
40
20 5% KCl
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
POR-1h
400
350
25% KCl
300
250
200
15% KCl
150
100
50 5% KCl
0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
350
300
25% KCl
250
200
150 15% KCl
100
50 5% KCl
0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
300
250
25% KCl
200
150
15% KCl
100
50 5% KCl
0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
250
200 25% KCl
150
15% KCl
100
50
5% KCl
0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
POR-1i
400
300 25% KCl
250
200
15% KCl
150
100
50 5% KCl
0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
350
300
250 25% KCl
200
150 15% KCl

100
50 5% KCl
0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
300
250
25% KCl
200
150
15% KCl
100
50 5% KCl
0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
250
200
25% KCl
150
100 15% KCl
50
5% KCl
0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
POR-1j

Gamma Environmental Pathfinder

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Chart: POR-1a and POR-1b (Gamma Ray Environmental Corrections - Mud

Weight and Borehole Size)

(% KCI) = -0.000378*(ppb KCI)2 + 0.2818*(ppb KCI) + 0.0247

LWD Log Interpretation Charts PathFinder Energy Services, Inc., 2002

120 10 lb/gal mud, centered tool

12 lb/gal mud, centered tool

90 14 lb/gal mud, centered tool

70 16 lb/gal mud, centered tool 25% KCl

140 12 lb/gal mud, centered tool 25% KCl

120 14 lb/gal mud, centered tool

16 lb/gal mud, centered tool

140 25% KCl

120 25% KCl

10 lb/gal mud, centered tool 25% KCl

12 lb/gal mud, centered tool

100 15% KCl

14 lb/gal mud, centered tool 25% KCl

140 16 lb/gal mud, centered tool

10 lb/gal mud, eccentered tool

100 15% KCl

12 lb/gal mud, eccentered tool

140 25% KCl

120 25% KCl

200 25% KCl

250 25% KCl

150 15% KCl

100 15% KCl

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(% KCI) = -0.000378(ppb KCI)2 + 0.2818(ppb KCI) + 0.0247