ME 356: Hypersonic Acrothermodynamics, Spring 2018 Stanford University Homework 4: Thermochemical effects and re-entry trajectories Due Tuesday, June 5, in class. Guidelines: Please turn in a neat and clean homework that gives all the formulae that you have used as well as details that are required for the grader to understand your solution. Attach these sheets to your solutions. In the calculations, assume a calorically perfect gas with 7 = 1.4, Ry = 286 J/kgK, and cy = 1 kJ/kgK unless stated otherwise. Student’s Name:.... JAVIER URBAY. Student's ID: Questions (100 pts) 1. What are the main differences between a calorically perfect gas, a thermally perfect gas, and a chemically reacting mixture of ideal gases? 2. Briefly describe the general trends observed in the post-shock thermodynamic variables when thermo- chemical equilibrium is included in the calculation of normal shock waves in air at hypersonic speeds. Illustrate your response in the case of a pre-shock velocity U; = 18, 000 ft/s at an altitude of 200,000 ft in the atmosphere. 3. What are the possible sources of thermodynamic non-equilibrium and chemical non-equilibrium that may exist in the post-shock air behind a normal shock wave at hypersonic velocities? Describe the structure of a normal shock wave in non-equilibrium flow and the flight conditions that exacerbate the occurrence of non-equilibrium phenomena in hypersonics. 4. Estimate the distance required for equilibration of the vibrational molecular motion in pure Op gas behind a Mach-8 normal shock in air at a pre-shock pressure P, = 15 mbar and temperature T, — 230 K. How many collisions have the gas molecules urdergone along the equilibration distance? 5. Consider the re-entry of a spherical projectile in the terrestrial atmosphere. The projectile has a radius R = 20 cm and is made of a heat-resistant alloy of density p, = 10,000 kg/m®. It enters the atmosphere at a velocity Vz = 15 km/s at an angle 7 = 45° with respect to the local horizontal Calculate the maximum acceleration of the projectile normalized with the acceleration of gravity, the altitude at which the maximum acceleration is attained, the kinetic energy upon collision with the ground, and the percentage of the initial kinetic energy that has been dissipated into heat during the re-entry. In your calculations, use the Newtonian theory of hypersonics to estimate the drag coefficient of the projectile.\soutiews | @ se paces 40-96 OF THE class morts © Ste Fe. g2 on Pag (OF OF TS CLASS MOTES. USE Fis, BAsywertt Uz = I Aft], sue zezook(e (Taz S%0K, &e/, x 13). . / G) see Fic. 84, Aun Paces U12-44 @ Ha8, { Wonnax-suocr compiniens 0 FE = FHS op Be t.0 bar Assons YeAt 5 =e 13.9 fue 3% mf, + ps On4 am Nias thar Tas 2082 K Is lance Thaw THe ACWUAL POS-SHeck Tenp. (4 Bevis eho Aun THEEBEORE fy oto on OY ame HAT bubtrestinnte the . Equteveras ten distance Z a) nae. beceemesien: on bye Hous ky/) 3 ped a Fas: (2) Bee _ gus.2 & a, Boh, 4 4 | Get Se Uee tS kale , Yes 45" bauene Emer b) 5+ pm =a Sead, we GAT. 33S boy Ae TR. OAR a? dns (566 narene tn, prota nt) Bo 24.22 hg/.a Fin Oe(d | ado kan mb iALritues Fon HAM, becnLEeatonNs et ce) veuoent at anpacrs Uz. UEC 23. A583 m/f, sb Veh one ey Riwene Ewerey ay (mpaer O) B= BA. t- W 98.4°f teaeric entecr bissibaren lute Hm mele G