CLASS: 2 AEM 1 LECTURER: SIR MUHAMED ROIHAN BIN YUSOFF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Torchlight Torque wrench
Magneto Chain Torchlight
Ground Power & Engine Control System
SAFETY: Wear normal safety PPE: Overalls (uniform workshop; jackets) and safety boots.
Chain the ground power before start the process.
Do not wear accessories such as watch and jewellery
Use the correct tools when operate the engine to avoid damage on component. DEFECTS:
LEAKING Fuel can leak at the engine, from the tank or anywhere in between due to fuel tank or fuel line rupture.
A fuel leak from an engine can often be resolved by shutting down the affected engine. A tank leak due to a rupture in the tank will result in the loss of some or all the fuel in that tank. If a fuel line is ruptured, it could result in some fuel being unusable.
Must comply with the manufacturer's limitations and recommendations or
refer to the AMM.
WARNING - the misidentification or mishandling of a fuel leak can
potentially lead to depletion of all fuel on board the aircraft. DISCOLORATION Fretting and heat discolouration at the exhaust valve port and evidence of exhaust by-products in cracks between cooling fins in the cylinder head indicated that an overheating of the exhaust ear had been occurring for some time prior to the failure of the cylinder.
High operating temperatures in the exhaust ear resulted in an interdendritic
cracking of the exhaust valve guide and a subsequent failure of the exhaust valve.
Continued operation of the engine with failed valve components inside the cylinder resulted in progressive breaching, and eventual overload failure, of the cylinder head. SCRATCHES
A scratch is a mark of abrasion on a surface.
Can be repair by polish, painting and filing.
PUNCTURE OR LEAK
Definition : Total lost of the pipe wall extending over a small are Possible cause : Material defect and damage quoting
DENT Definition : A small , hollow mark in the surface of something cause by pressure or being hit CORROSIONS Definition : Defined as an act or process of gradual wearing away of a metal due to chemical or electro-chemical reaction by its surroundings such that the metal is converted into an oxide, salt or some other compound. A substance known as the rust results from such a process. In other words, the corrosion indicates the deterioration and loss of material due to chemical attack.
Causes – (i) Congested reinforcement in small concrete sections,
(ii) Excessive water-cement ratio,
(iii) Improper construction methods,
(iv) Inadequate design procedure,
(v) Incompetent supervising staff or contractor,
(vi) Initially rusted reinforcement before placing concrete,
(vii) Insufficient cover to steel from the exposed concrete surfaces,
(viii) Permeability of concrete which depends on various factors such as water-
cement ratio, size of aggregate, curing, grading of aggregates, etc.,
(ix) Poor workmanship,
(x) Presence of moisture in concrete,
(xi) Presence of salts,
(xii) Type of atmospheric conditions surrounding the region of concrete,
(xiii) Unequal distribution of oxygen over the steel surface,
(xiv) Weak and porous cover blocks which are tied directly to the reinforcement or stirrups, etc.
Factors Influencing Corrosion:
The corrosion is influenced by the following factors:
(i) Blow holes, inclusions and trapped gases,
(ii) Chemical nature of the metal,
(iii) Distribution of secondary phases,
(iv) Eddy electric currents,
(v) Internal structure of metal,
(vi) Nature of engineering application,
(vii) Presence of dust, dirt or other foreign matter,
(viii) Surface film,
(ix) Working conditions or environment like temperature, concentration of stresses,
etc.
Theories of Corrosion: The various theories of corrosion have been developed.
But the four important theories of corrosion are as follows:
(1) Chemical action theory or direct corrosion
(2) Electrolytic theory or electro-chemical corrosion
