Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Computer Vision
Spring 2009
Binary Morphology
Mathematical Morphology
• Gray-scale morphology
Image segmentation
Noise filtering
Basic operations
1. expanding shapes:
Erosion
1. shrinking shapes:
box
hexagon disk any shape
box(length,width) disk(diameter)
origin
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 erode
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
X S X S
1
Structuring element Set S S={(0,0),(0,1),(1,0)}
11
{
Dilation: X ⊕ S = p ∈ ε 2 : p = x + s, ∀x ∈ X , ∀s ∈ S }
p = ( p1 , p2 ) = x + s = ( x1 + s1 , x2 + s2 )
{
Erosion: X S = p ∈ ε 2 : p + s ∈ X , ∀s ∈ S }
Opening and Closing
Example
Opening
Structuring
element
Dilation
Closing
Erosion
Example
Opening
Structuring
element
Dilation
Closing
Erosion
Example
Original
Opening
Closing
Boundary extraction
Skeletonization
2D skeletons 3D skeletons
Homotopic Skeletons
Gives a part
X ⊗ S = (X S1 ) ∩ (X c S 2 ) of the object
boundary
9 X S1: locus of object pixels similar to S1
c
9 X S2: locus of background pixels similar to S2
S S1 S2
Example:
Detection of “endpoints”
from the left.
Thinning
X S = X / (X ⊗ S)
Number n of iterations
X {Si } = ((( X S1 ) S 2 ) " S n ) depends on the object
type.
Skeleton Smoothing
Gray-scale Morphology
Example:
Segmentation of cell
boundaries in the
images of human cornea.