SPACES INSIDE BAHAY NA BATO

The living quarters are elevated and are reached through an interior stairway located in the
zaguan on the ground floor. The zaguan with its naked stonework is a grim entrance hall but with its
abundant space is the perfect storeroom forjust about everything. The stairs are not only a means of
access but also the setting for a stately arrival. A surrounding balustrade detached from the wall
provides room all around for welcoming committee and prolonged farewells.

The stairs, on the other hand, lead up to theme or upper entrance hall. Opening to the caida is
them or living room. Bedrooms flank the sala and nearby are the dining room. At the rear of the house
are the kitchen and next to it, the open air. Running along the front and sides of the house and flanking
the major rooms is the volada a gallery which protects the rooms from the heat of the sun. Along the
volada is an elaborate system of windows. The broad, massive window sill is grooved and holds two to
three sets of sliding shutters: a set of wooden louvers or jalousies, a set of capiz or oyster shell shutters,
and occasionally, a set of glass paned shutters. Between the window sill and the floor runs the
ventanilla, with sliding wooden shutters and wooden balustrades or iron grills. Wide double doors are
flung open to join each room to adjacent rooms. With all doors open, the house becomes one big hall.
The interior of the bahay na bato is a striking example of a space surrounded by space. Running above
the partitions are panels of wooden fretwork, which allow the air within the house to circulate.

SPACES OF A BAHAY NA BATO

GROUND FLOOR

 ZAGUAN- a passageway leading from the entrance door to the central patio in houses
 CUADRA- table
 BODEGA -storage room
 ENTRESUELO -mezzanine, low or partial story that is just above the ground floor; entresol,
balcony for workers
 ESCALERA- Staircase
 ALJIBE -Water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving,
boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers.
 Baño- Toilet and Bath
 COMUN / LATRINA- Comfort room
 PATIO- Enclosed courtyard open to the sky and adjacent to the zaguan

SECOND FLOOR

 AZOTEA- Open-air balcony beside the kitchen that housed a cistern (aljibe) and the bathroom,
and was usually a work area
 BANGGUERA- place for drying pots
 CAIDA- anteroom
 COCINA- Kitchen area, which was typically built separately from the house
 COMEDOR- dining area
  SALA- living area
 DESPACHO- office room
 CUARTO- bed room

Parts of the Bahay na Bato: Characteristics

 Wall partitions- wood with calado above

 Ceilings- canvas, sawali or tin
 Ground floor- charcoal, sand or gravel floored over with mortared stone or brick
 Roof- hipped at a high angle with wide overhangs had vents all around nipa, tile and galvanized
iron with gutters all around
 Windows- tall and wide (1m x 5m) jalousies or capiz shells had ventanillas with blank boards as
cover Floors wooden on the second floor slats on the kitchen or dining rooms Galeria, corredor
or galeria volada
 Azotea- tiled terrace for work and relaxation where the water from the rains was kept.

PARTS OF BAHAY NA BATO

Accessoria - Apartment-type dwelling characterized by common party walls shared by adjoining units
with a separate door in front of each

Aljibe - Cistern

Antesal - Caida

Aparador de tres lunas - Armoire with three sections

Atlas, Atlantes - A column in the shape of a man

Balconaje, Balcon - Balcony

Banggera - A wooden dish rack that extends outside the kitchen window. After the dishes are washed,
they are placed here to be air-dried. The inverted cups are placed on the ends of the wooden sticks and
the plates are placed in between or above the slats. On the far left is a tapayan/banga, an earthenware
jar that keeps water cool.

Bañera - Bathtub

Baño - Bathroom

Barrigones - "Buntis" (or bombere, pregnant) grillworks on windows, to accommodate planters

Batalan - Rear part of house used for washing and water storage, with a flooring often made of slatted
bamboo; more a part of a bahay kubo (but may be present as well at the rear of a bahay na bato)

Baul mond - Traveling trunk

Butaka - A version of silla perezosa with no leg rests

Bentwood beech chairs and other furniture - Imported dark wood furniture

Brackets - Series of often diagonal braces placed in support of the volada on the second floor

Barandillas - railing or balustrade (usually wooden)

Capiz window - (Often) sliding window made of capiz shells cut into squares

Caida - Landing on the upper entrance hall; foyer of the second floor; also called "antesala"

Calado - Lace-style fretwork or latticework used to adorn room dividers and to allow air to circulate

Capilla - Long bench, a staple item in the caida

Capital - Topmost member of a column (or pilaster) mediating between the column and the load"

Caryatid - A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a
pillar supporting an entablature on her head

Clerestory - Any high windows above eye level for the purpose of bringing outside light, fresh air, or
both into the inner space

Cocina - Kitchen, which was typically built separately from the house

Colonette - A small, thin decorative column supporting a beam (horizontal timber) or lintel (beam
spanning a door or window)

Comedor - Dining room

Comun - Toilet; also called "latrina"

Corbel - A projection jutting out from a wall to support a structure above it; also "braces"

Cornice - A ledge or generally any horizontal decorative molding that crowns a building or furniture
element

Court, courtyard - A space enclosed by walls and is open to the sky; has azotea or balconaje

Cuartos - Rooms

Cuatro aguas - Hip roof, which has more corners and angles, making it stronger than the dos aguas
(gable) or high-pitched roof due to stronger aerodynamics (i.e., more wind resistance); also has the
advantage of providing an overhang, which is effective for protecting the house from rainwater and
from direct sunlight

Dapugan - A platform in the kitchen where the kalan or clay stove is placed

Despacho - Office; also "oficina"

Dispensa - Pantry

Dos aguas - Gable or high-pitched roof

Eave - Bottom edge of a roof

Engaged column - Column in support of the roof above

Entresuelo - Mezzanine; literally meaning "between floors", this is the area where clients, tenants or
estate managers (if the owner was a rich landowner) wait before being admitted to the oficina (office)

Escalera - Stairway

Escritorio - A large chest of drawers, commonly adorned with inlay work

Estante - Dining room cabinet where chinaware and silverware are displayed

Façade - Front

Finial - A usually foliated ornament forming an upper extremity

Fresquera - Storage room for salted food, etc.; placed on the wall of the house facing outside

Gable - The part of a wall that encloses the end of a pitched roof

Gallinera - Literally, "chicken seat"; "usually found outside the oficina of a landowner; coming from the
Spanish word 'gallo' (chicken), this church bench-inspired settee is used for farmers to place chickens on
the cage underneath in exchange for paying cash" (Old Manila Nostalgia blog)

Gargoyle - A carved stone grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from
the side of a building, thereby preventing rainwater from running down masonry walls and eroding the
mortar between

Gingerbread trim, running trim - 19th century Victorian style of fancifully cut and pierced frieze boards,
scrolled brackets, sawn balusters, and braced arches, to transform simple frame cottages into one-of-a-
kind homes; usually attached to the eaves to make it more decorative and to curving iron rods that help
support the media agua

Kama - Four-poster bed

Kama ni Ah Tay - A once popular signature four-poster bed design that was carved by a famous Chinese
furniture maker named Eduardo Ah Tay. To have this bed was considered a symbol of status during the
Spanish era.[5]

Kantoneras (brackets) - Either plain calado cut-outs or fully carved embellishments usually placed where
beams and columns intersect especially under the soffit or overhanging ceiling outside house; also seen
to decorate door or window openings, hallways or simply dividing spaces

Lansenas - Kitchen sideboards

Latrina - Comun

Load-bearing wall - Wall used in place of posts to bear weight

Machuca tiles (formerly known as "baldozas mosaicas") - colorful Mediterranean-style cement tiles
used for the zaguan flooring, often in harlequin pattern; manufactured by the Machuca company;
another brand is Majolica
Mascaron - An architectural ornament representing a face or head, human or animal, that is often
grotesque or frightening

Media aguas - Canopy or roof shed, consisting of a piece of metal roof that protects the window from
rain or heat; not to be confused with awning

Mirador - Lighthouse; lookout tower

Moulding, molding - A strip of material (such as wood or metal) with some design or pattern that is used
as a decoration on a wall, on the edge of a table, etc.

Oratorio - Prayer room with an altar of santos

Painted metal sheet ceiling - Pressed tin or copper ceiling from maybe late Victorian to early American
colonial period, to prevent decay by moisture or worms (or even mouse)

Paminggalan - A cabinet where leftover food and preserves are stored. The doors of the cabinet have
slats so that it can absorb air and room temperature inside. To avoid ants from coming up and getting to
the food, the legs of the cabinet are placed on containers filled with kerosene or any liquid.

Pasamano - Window ledge

Piedra china - Chinese stone used to pave the floor of the zaguan

Pilaster - False pillar used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of
wall, with only an ornamental function

Platera - Aparador or cabinet for kitchenware (chiefly china)

Porte cochere - Horse carriage porch or portico at the main entrance

Portico - "(From Italian) a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with
a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls"

Puerta - "Door of the entrada principal (main entrance)"

Puertita - "small cut door that is part of the puerta"

Pugon - Clay oven

Punkah - Ceiling cloth fan

Sala mayor - Main living room, place for late-afternoon parties called tertulias and dances called bailes

Sala menor - Secondary living room

Sillas Americanas - "American chairs, considered the Monobloc chairs of their time (due to ubiquity)"

Silla perezosa - Lazy chair

Stained glass - Glass colored or stained (as by fusing metallic oxides into it) for decorative applications
(as in windows)

Transom - "Transverse horizontal structural beam or bar" often in floral tracery design
Persiana - Louver window

Ventana - "Wooden window panel that uses a grid pattern with flattened Capiz shell pane"; often in
sliding style, as opposed to flinging out

Ventanilla - Literally 'small window'; "sliding panels between the floor and windows" to allow more air
and light; "usually protected by balustrades which can either be wooden or wrought iron grills"

Volada - "An enclosed overhanging balcony"; "a gallery (along the elaborate system of windows) which
protects the rooms from the heat of the sun"

Solihiya - Typical wicker weave pattern in furniture

Trompe l'oeil - "A style of painting in which things are painted in a way that makes them look like real
objects"

Tumba-tumba - Philippine rocking chair

Valance - "A length of decorative drapery hung above a window to screen the curtain fittings"

Yerong pukpok - Gingerbread trim

Zaguan - Ground floor (literally "passageway" in Arabic) to accommodate horse carriages and carrozas
(processional carriages)
 OTHER PARTS OF BAHAY NA BATO
REFERENCE:

https://www.scribd.com/document/245882029/Bahay-Na-Bato

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahay_na_bato