1

M.M. Hrabok 2010 (September)

CSA S16-09
CE470 (September 2010) i

Preface
Course Description
CE 470 is an introduction to the structural design of members and connections for
steel structures in accordance with the National Building Code of Canada 2010
(NBCC-2010) and the Canadian “Limit States Design of Steel Structures” Standard
CAN/CSA-S16-09 (10th Edition).
Members and components in CE470 include tension members, beams, columns and
beam-columns, as well as bolted and welded connections. Emphasis is placed on
design, fabrication and understanding the rationale and basis of S16 Standards.
Framed structures are analysed using second-order elastic methods and notional lateral
loads. Member design forces are determined according to “principal and companion
design loads” and the set of load factors in NBCC-2010.
This class is intended for students who have an aptitude for structural design and
strive to become structural design engineers. It is the art of: (i) using materials that
have properties which can only be estimated, (ii) to build real structures that can only
be analysed approximately, (iii) to withstand forces that are not accurately known, so
that the public is professionally, confidently and responsibly assured of SAFETY.
The present set of notes originated from class notes from Professor M.U. Hosain in
2005 with subsequent revisions and additions by M.M. Hrabok.
Prerequisites: CE 321 “Structural Systems and Materials” and its prerequisites.
CE 463 “Advanced Structural Analysis” would also be an asset.
CE 470(Sept.2010) Lecture Outline:
± No. of
Chapter Topics Lectures
(1½ hr/ Lecture)

1. Introduction:
• objectives of design and analyses; design methods, philosophies,
factors-of-safety; handbooks, codes, standards and specifications; 1
steel shapes and properties; format and contents of S16-09 and
CISC Handbook (10th Edition - 2010).
2. Tension Members:
• design of tension members based on:
oyield on gross area, 2
o fracture on net area (Cochrane’s formula),
o reduction of net area for shear lag,
o yielding and fracture mechanisms for “tension & shear” block
failures.
• example problems.
CE470 (September 2010) ii

± No. of
Chapter Topics Lectures
(1½ hr/ Lecture)

3. Bolted Connections:
• types of mechanical fasteners and properties.
• connection behaviour and design of bolts in shear for: 3
o bearing connections,
o slip-critical connections.
• design of bolts in tension, and calculation of prying forces.
• behaviour of bolts in combined shear and tension.
• interaction equations for bolts in combined shear and tension.
• instantaneous centre-of-rotation methods and traditional
conventional methods of calculating bolt forces for eccentrically-
loaded bolted connections with:
o eccentricity in-the-plane of the faying surfaces,
o eccentricity normal-to-the-plane of the faying surfaces.
• example problems.

4. Welded Connections:
• welding fundamentals, terminology, geometry, weld symbols,
electrodes, and metallurgical properties of welded connections. 3
• behaviour and design capacity of welds for structural steel
fabrication:
o welding processes, groove and fillet welds, parent material and
electrode properties, “effective throat”, “fusion face”, and “heat-
affected zone” concepts,
o capacity of welds with respect to weld orientation and direction
of loading.
• design of connections to prevent brittle fracture (Annex L).
• design of welded connections for tension members with due regard
for shear lag.
• instantaneous centre-of-rotation methods and conventional
methods of calculating resultant forces for eccentrically-loaded
welded connections with:
o eccentricity in-the-plane of the faying surfaces,
o eccentricity normal-to-the-plane of the faying surfaces.
• example problems.
CE470 (September 2010) iii

± No. of
Chapter Topics Lectures
(1½ hr/ Lecture)

5. Columns:
• introduction to stability concepts of bifurcation and elastic
buckling of bars (columns), plates and shells. 4
• elastic buckling of plates in the context of “local buckling” of
elements of wide-flange shapes.
• the role of the classical Euler elastic buckling equation for overall
member buckling and its limitations and function in S16.
• design of symmetric and asymmetric members in compression.
• column “effective length” concepts and slenderness ratios for
frame members.
• elastic and inelastic behaviour and axial load capacity of columns
using the double-exponential curves in S16.
• design of simple columns using CISC Handbook equations,
design aids, tables and charts.
• design of columns in real structures with due regard for:
o braced or non-sway structures versus unbraced or sway
structures.
o concepts and requirements for second-order analysis of framed
structures,
o computer modeling of steel structures and connections.
• provisions for single-angle members in compression.
• column elements susceptible to premature elastic local buckling.
• example problems.

6. Beams:
• torsion mechanisms in thin-walled open sections;
(i) St.Venant torsion (pure or uniform torsion), and 4
(ii) restrained-warp torsion (non-uniform or “warping” torsion)
and warping constants.
• shear centres for flexure and centres-of-rotation for torsion.
• classical critical buckling moment Mu equation for elastic lateral-
torsional buckling of thin-walled open-section beams of doubly-
symmetric cross-sections and loaded by uniform moment.
• introduction to the textbook “Guide to Stability Design Criteria
for Metal Structures” by R.D.Ziemian 6th Edition (2010).
• calculation of Lu spacing of compression flange brace points such
that local buckling of compression flange governs the design.
• calculation of span Le bracing of compression flange where the
“inelastic lateral-buckling” curve meets “elastic buckling” curve.
CE470 (September 2010) iv

± No. of
Chapter Topics Lectures
(1½ hr/ Lecture)

• conversion of non-uniform moment diagrams to equivalent

uniform moment diagrams.
• local buckling criteria for compression elements in flexural
members.
• design of beams using Handbook design aids, tables and charts.
• introduction to lateral bracing concepts and systems.
• example problems.

7. Beam-Columns:
• design of members subjected to combined axial compression and
biaxial bending according to S16 for “strength and stability” 3
criteria using interaction equations for the following cases:
o cross-sectional strength of member and connections,
o overall in-plane strength of member,
o lateral torsional buckling strength of member,
o biaxial bending strength of member without axial loads.
• examples problems for both types of framed structures:
o non-sway structures (braced or sidesway prevented), and
o sway structures (unbraced or sidesway permitted).
• δ
for all example problems, the design forces are obtained from P-δ
and P-∆ ∆ analyses.
• Second-Order Analysis --- brief review and use of commercial
programs with particular emphasis on SAP2000.
8. Composite Beams and Floors (Clause 17):
• design of steel floor beams with composite concrete slabs. 2

9. Seismic Design Requirements (Clause 27):

• terminology and fundamental concepts of seismic design. 2
• overview of Clause 27 and a simple example problem.

10. Cyclic Loading and Fatigue (Clause 26):

• live-load induced fatigue and distortion-induced fatigue.
Vibration Analysis and Modelling of Floors

Total No. of Lectures (hours)= 24 (36 hrs)

____________________________________________________________
CE470 (September 2010) v

Texts: 1. CE 470 class notes as prepared by Instructors, and

2. CISC Handbook of Steel Construction 10th Edition,

http://www.cisc-icca.ca/publications/technical/design/handbook/

3. supplemental design aids:

- Limit States Design in Structural Steel by Kulak and Grondin.
- “design aids” and publications as presented in Class Notes.
_______________________________________________________________

Evaluation Procedure:
Lab. Assignments 10 %
Midterm Examination 30 %
Final Examination 60 %
A student must pass at least one of the exams (midterm or final) in order to receive
credit for the course.
Homework problems will be assigned bi-weekly. “Lab sessions” are formally
scheduled for every second week; lab attendance is not mandatory but assignments
must be handed-in on time. Additional assistance (if required) on assignments,
lectures and course content will be made available upon request.
More information is posted on the CE470 website.
Participating in site trips and other out-of-classroom activities is at the student’s
option and discretion.
Other instructors (including licensed practicing engineers or E-I-Ts) may present
some of the lectures.
prepared by: M.M. Hrabok
(September 2010)