NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITIES: NEED FOR NATIONALIZATION

*By Aayush Akar and Vivek Raj

“The study of laws, on condition they are good laws, is unrivalled in its ability to improve
students.”
– Plato
LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDIA
Law, legal training and developmental legal fraternity are becoming interwoven frameworks
in contemporary society that seek to embed social security into some kind of pluralistic
structure and seek to improve citizen's political-economic status through democratic means.1
Hence it is an object that performs a significant role in accomplishing the broader aim of
accountability, freedom, fairness and brotherhood of a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic
republic.2 In a third world country such as India, attorneys with a political outlook thus act as
being the most important element of legal training. Nevertheless, professional research has not
been limited exclusively to the advancement of practitioners in recent times. Infect its reach
and scale, generating influence in all fields of mankind has grown. Legislation as a method of
social control thus fits the criteria of social architecture as an essential matter.3 Dada
Dharmadhikari has rightly said that the legal education makes lawyer a pleader who pleads for
public at large likewise doctor who prescribes for all, the priest who preach for all and like the
economist who plan for all.4 The primary goal of legal education is to:
 Provide a juncture where legal scholars can show bid their in-depth understanding of the law;
 Explore the grey areas with the ongoing dimension of the society for making a law or where
the law is needed;
 Active participation of the young professionals into the growth, evolution and improvement of
legal rules;
 Inculcate learned law graduates with the in-depth grip of law which includes both substantive
and procedural; and
 Enhances graduate learners with intricate knowledge of the judicial system of the nation's
colonial and sociocultural context.

* Stduents of National Law University Odisha.

1
Kanishka Jayasuriya, ‘Law, Capitalism and Power in Asia: The Rule of Law and Legal Institutions’ 326.
2
Louis Henkin, ‘Rights: Here and There’ (1981) 81 Columbia Law Review 1582.
3
Peter Ntephe, ‘DOES AFRICA NEED ANOTHER KIND OF LAW? ALTERITY AND THE RULE OF LAW
IN SUBSAHARAN AFRICA’ 415.
4
‘Modern_indian_political_thought.Pdf’
<http://164.100.133.129:81/econtent/Uploads/modern_indian_political_thought.pdf> accessed 19 January 2020.
Legal education thus is fundamentally a multidisciplinary, multifunctional discipline capable
of developing the requisite human resources and idealism to improve the legal system.5 A
lawyer, a result of such an education will render a far more positive approach than it has ever
been.
BACKGROUND OF LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDIA
Regulation Act of 1772 was the first act to recognize the legal profession in India. Legal
profession had first been known in India by Regulation Act 1772. 6 The amount of the charge
to be incurred by Vakils ultimately in Bengal Regulation-VII of 1793.7 Further along, with
such further amendments in 1853 and 1879 the Legal Practitioners Amendment Act of 1846
revised the amendment to refer to both Vakils and Barristers.8 The Bar Council Act passed
later in 1926 by the British Government to consolidate the Bar in India to grant the High Court
and the State Bar Councils considerable flexibility in making significant laws concerning the
entry and performance of the lawyers serving in the courts.9 In 1868 Anjuman I-Punjab actually
began his 1st proper legal schooling and in 1870 was later became as the Punjab University.
But then few law schools began to open later in the post-independence period.
WHAT ARE NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITIES?
In India, Autonomous Law Schools identified as National Law Schools (NLU) or National
Law Schools (NLS) are law colleges established in line with the second-generation legal
education reform proposal of the Indian Bar Council. The NLUs are government-established
public institutions and governed by the Indian Bar Assembly and the Indian Ministry of Law
and Justice.10 The first of its kind National Law University was the Bangalore National Law
School, which had enrolled its first intake in 1987. Since then almost every state has set up a
National Law Universities. Such universities were seen as pace-setters, as brands for improving
the legal education field in general. Till now, 23 national law universities in India have been

5
‘Demonising the Legal System Won’t Help - The Hindu’ <https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-
ed/demonising-the-legal-system-wont-help/article30239307.ece> accessed 19 January 2020.
6
‘History of the Legal Profession « The Bar Council of India’ <http://www.barcouncilofindia.org/about/about-
the-legal-profession/history-of-the-legal-profession/> accessed 19 January 2020.
7
‘Bengal Land-Revenue Regulation, 1793’ <https://www.latestlaws.com/bare-acts/state-acts-rules/bihar-state-
laws/bengal-land-revenue-regulation-1793/> accessed 19 January 2020.
8
AN Veeraraghavan, ‘LEGAL PROFESSION AND THE ADVOCATES ACT, 1961’ (1972) 14 Journal of the
Indian Law Institute 228.
9
‘Report266.Pdf’ <http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/Report266.pdf> accessed 19 January 2020.
10
‘National Law Universities « The Bar Council of India’ <http://www.barcouncilofindia.org/about/legal-
education/national-law-universities-2/> accessed 19 January 2020.
established that are seen as 'IITs of Law' and offer competitive-end research packages with
international fame.11
HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITIES
With the implementation of the Advocates Act of 1961 was largely intended to ensure national
autonomy for legal luminaries, it also allowed the BCI to involve in the administrative part in
the legal area. It represented a deviation from practices throughout British domination when
formal legal education was administered under the regulatory mandate of larger government
universities. The active participation of the Bar Councils was aimed at ensuring that the
institutions gained positive feedback by lawyers on the layout and quality of legal education.12
There is a belief that post-independence legal education was appropriate for India to progress
according to trends in other places around the world. Manuscripts from the mid-50s to mid-60s
clearly outlined issues about the lack of quality and the accessibility of legal education in
general. It has been noticed, rather than incentivising rational thinking on the formation of the
law in a rapidly developing post-colonial framework, but the syllabus favoured standardized
testing and memorialisation of legal material. Even well-known law schools focused mainly
on part-time teachers and courses.13 The majority of law students whose schools are located
outskirts of the dense urban hubs made it impossible to soak up materials primarily in English.
The lack of full-time professors and the insufficient resources led to a situation in which these
universities found it impossible to perform and conduct proper research that expanded the
limits of legal studies.14
It was in this background that initiatives by funding institutions such as the Ford Foundation
were pivotal in setting up the Indian Law Institute (ILI) in 1956, preceded by coursework
reform tasks at various central universities in the early 1960s. Various foreign researchers have
been introduced as visiting faculty and have been involved in efforts to improve teaching
methods, the reliability of reading techniques and materials for evaluating student
performance.15

11
‘Self Study Report.Pdf’ <https://www.nalsar.ac.in/pdf/Self%20Study%20Report.pdf> accessed 19 January
2020.
12
‘IIT Kharagpur Final Report.Pdf’
<https://doj.gov.in/sites/default/files/IIT%20Kharagpur%20Final%20Report.pdf> accessed 19 January 2020.
13
Rahul A Sirohi, ‘India’s Post-Colonial Development: A Comparative Perspective’ in Rahul A Sirohi (ed),
From Developmentalism to Neoliberalism: A Comparative Analysis of Brazil and India (Springer 2019)
<https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6028-2_3> accessed 19 January 2020.
14
‘A Super 30 for Law: How IDIA, a Nonprofit, Is Helping Poor Students Enter India’s Elite Law Schools -
The Economic Times’ <https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/a-super-30-for-law-
how-idia-a-nonprofit-is-helping-poor-students-enter-indias-elite-law-
schools/articleshow/52918022.cms?from=mdr> accessed 19 January 2020.
15
The Guide to American Law: Everyone’s Legal Encyclopedia (West Publishing Company 1984).
Whilst the Indian Law Institute (ILI) has been set up to conduct rigorous research on legal
research, the above-mentioned education reform initiatives have proven to be important in
facilitating a change from a two-year Bachelor of Laws (B.L.) to a three-year degree (LL.B.).
During this stage, Professor P.K. Tripathi, who would then serve as Dean of the Faculty of
Law, Delhi University, played a starring role.
A report of 1964 presented by a panel led by Judge P.B. Gajendragadkar referred to the
proposal of the NLU in India. This panel was set up by the University of Delhi to study the
institution's curriculum and provision of legal education.16 In addition to making good
recommendations for coursework changes, this panel alluded of the requirement for a law
school that might act as an experimental research platform. In the next two decades, this idea
took root in bits and pieces. Three-four models were desired in this way during the 1972
international Indian Legal Education Seminar in Pune. A proposal submitted to the University
Grants Commission (UGC) in 1979 also mirrored this idea. This study, which had been carried
out by Professor Upendra Baxi, summarized the discussions of various workshops and sessions
which looked into teaching techniques, coursework material and the management of these law
schools.17
The need for such a model university with a national identity had also been outlined in light of
questions about the growing provincialization of State Universities, where staff and
undergraduate representation were primarily selected from the respective states. Such
background factors have made it impossible for professors, scholars and graduates to focus on
municipal and foreign legal disputes, both of which are unquestionably relevant to a post-
colonial environment. The current pressures on personnel selection and course outline that
prevailed inside larger public universities were also considerably dissatisfied. To order for
single professors, for instance, to modify the program in a particular subject, they may need
authorization from several officials in a higher education system. This institutional restriction
hindered the coursework from keeping pace with newly published scholarships, practical
advances and innovations from a qualitative and global viewpoint. The assessment of student
learning was primarily carried out via yearly evaluations coordinated by larger government
Universities, most of which had hundreds of legal schools associated with them.18

16
Chhatra Marg, ‘BULLETIN OF INFORMATION 2019-20’ 42.
17
‘1.Pdf’ <https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/pub/report/1.pdf> accessed 19 January 2020.
18
‘AHELOFSReportVolume1.Pdf’ <http://www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-
school/AHELOFSReportVolume1.pdf> accessed 19 January 2020.
At around this stage, a number of steps were taken by the BCI in planning for the establishment
of an NLU in India. At the beginning of the 1980s, the three-year LL.B was offered by many
other Indian universities for delivering the formal legal education program. Upon completing
an undergrad degree in any field, applicants can enter this program. Whether you seek to gain
specialist knowledge or to seek academic careers in research and innovation, you may take
advanced programs like LL.M., M. Phil. and doctorate. Previously, many people were viewed
to have enrolled in the LL.B.19 Many candidates landed up with this curriculum as they were
unable to pursue other higher education streams others have taken legal studies to obtain
knowledge about the subject and frameworks that can help coordinate existing companies or
running new ones. A lot of law students in the area of law spend most of their energy in
preparedness for civil service exams or acquiring qualifications that would allow their careers
to progress in existing public jobs.20
In fact, the impact of student organizations associated with major political organizations was
reflected in law faculty at larger traditional schools, whereby student groups frequently
hindered institutional regular operations. Keeping this in view, the envisaged National Law
School was designed to provide some distinguishing characteristics. The creation will seek to
establish a national identity.21 To allow substantive and successful doctrine, an institution
would have a privilege which would grant it tremendous discretion in aspects including
teachers and staff hiring and the layout and periodic monitoring of the core curriculum. The
aim would be to hire instructors in fulltime that would allocate adequate time and energy to
instruction in school and even their own learning interests. Rather than having to admit
graduates to a three-year LL.B., students would be given admission to the 5-year law school
without obtaining under graduation degree. The aim has been to require students to take a fair
nationwide test in order to entice students who voluntarily chose the detailed study of law. The
college would have a holistic atmosphere to guarantee an inclusive academic background.
Such attributes also led to the formation of the National Law School of Indian University
(NLSIU) in Bengaluru that was approved by the Karnataka Government in January 1986.22
Whilst the Chief Justice of India (CJI) was appointed as the Visitor of the Institute, the

19
‘Shah-2015-Working-Paper.Pdf’ <https://www.theigc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Shah-2015-Working-
paper.pdf> accessed 19 January 2020.
20
‘Top 5 Reasons Why Indian Students Choose To Study Abroad | 2020’
<https://www.schoolapply.co.in/blog/posts/2017/october/top-5-reasons-why-indian-students-choose-to-study-
abroad/> accessed 19 January 2020.
21
‘Bangalore’ <https://www.ebc-india.com/lawcoll/bangalore/vision.htm> accessed 19 January 2020.
22
‘NLSIU_Prospectus-2018-19.Pdf’ <https://www.nls.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/NLSIU_Prospectus-
2018-19.pdf> accessed 19 January 2020.
government bodies were embodied from the Court, the Bench, the Government of the State
and the Academy. Prof. N.R. Madhava Menon was chosen as the Dean whereby he initiated
the procedures of recruiting staff and preparing curriculum. Classes for the academic program
began with a small proportion of professors at a provisional location in July 1988. 23 The
university commenced functioning in 1992 into its current site on the suburbs of Bangalore. It
has been possible to run it via financial support, for example from the Karnataka
Administration, the Indian Bar Council (BCI), and the Ford Foundation. The University Grants
Commission (UGC) has facilitated future changes to the college and accommodation
infrastructure.24 Infosys funded the establishment of a distinct library complex (finished in
2005), and an arena for sports (completed in 2013) was underpinned by grants of the alumni
(Class of 1996).
NLSIU Bangalore has now grown in certain areas as a strong institution of higher learning. It
has always drawn talented students who will pursue a rigorous undergrad degree. Graduate
students will apply for different career prospects directly and graduates have gained an
image for expertise in various fields, such as the legal profession, transactional training, higher
learning, civil services and international organisations.25 NLSIU was defined within several
years as a major research university, with many schools founded during the last two decades
with a similar premise. Many of these universities admit students via the extremely competitive
Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) that began in 2008 after a regulatory decision to under-
graduate and postgraduate research programmes. The main aim behind advent was to decrease
the transaction fees accrued by candidates to receive an entry to the different national law
universities (NLUs) which were founded at such a point of time through carrying out several
admission tests on various locations. Now to create similar institutions in the states of Jammu
& Kashmir, Sikkim, and Uttarakhand planned by the respective state governments.26
This dimensional change due to CLAT examination was the revolution in the legal education
of the country and the students after 2008 choosing as a career are witness to it and thereafter.
It has resulted in better facilities and enhanced corporate engagement and development in legal
training. Such as the University of Jindal at Sonipat, and the University of Symbiosis at Pune,

23
‘MPPP-Regulation-1.Pdf’ <http://mpp.nls.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/MPPP-regulation-1.pdf>
accessed 19 January 2020.
24
‘Study of Law School Based Legal Services Clinics’ 72.
25
‘NLSIU Is Still the Best among Legal Education Because of Its Tough Examination Procedure - Cover Story
News - Issue Date: May 30, 2016’ <https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20160530-best-law-
colleges-india-828920-2016-05-19> accessed 19 January 2020.
26
Kian Ganz, ‘Just What J&K Needs Right Now: Another NLU!’
<https://www.legallyindia.com/lawschools/just-what-j-k-needs-right-now-another-nlu-20191002-10904>
accessed 19 January 2020.
that are already creating the unique niche in India for themselves. A student who intends to go
for a professional law course following his 12th class will go either via NLUs, private
universities or conventional schools such as BHU, AMU and many others, can thus have many
choices.27
PROBLEMS FACED BY NATIONAL LAW SCHOOLS
PM Manmohan Singh outlined legal education in India as an ocean of institutionalized
mediocrity. Law schooling has always been viewed step-motherly by the state but has also
never been the main preference of talented students and their ever-aspiring family. The most
substantial change in Indian legal education throughout the past two decades began, however,
with the emergence of NLU. Such NLUs, also defined as legal education IITs and IIMs, were
established to become centres of specialization in law degree by recruiting high-quality law
students and delivering elevated-quality research and legal scientific research by professors.28
It was crewed for the first time via India University's National Law School (NLSIU),
Bangalore, a university established through state legislation, but allegedly of like a national
character. The absolute flexibility of the institution's position, a rigorous process filter on the
LSAT line and a good supercilious staff confirmed that quality and prestige were achieved in
no period. The institution was respected for its utter independence. But what caused its rapid
rise in terms of public opinion was the integration of its young graduates into highly paid white-
collar jobs at law firms which proliferated exponentially in a freshly capitalistic India. There
are 23 NLUs in India which are not providing standard legal training in the nation.29
The system, although with appropriate revivals, was instinctively emulated in several other
states. Thus NLU Jodhpur went further than a Standard Integrated Degree in Social Science
and Law (BA LLB) by providing alternatives in the form of a science & law graduate (BSc
LLB) and even a degree in management and law (BBA LLB), thus maintaining its national
identity and foreseeing state-oriented quotas (domiciliary reservations). Sadly, these
"Heidelands of Excellence," especially low-income graduates and rural India, experience a

27
‘Nalsar Bats for Reforms in CLAT: Exams in Regional Languages, Exclusion of Law Subjects -
CLATalogue’ <https://lawctopus.com/clatalogue/nalsar-bats-for-clat-reforms/> accessed 19 January 2020.
28
‘Manmohan Calls for Overhaul of Legal Education System - The Hindu’
<https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Manmohan-calls-for-overhaul-of-legal-education-
system/article16297595.ece> accessed 19 January 2020.
29
‘Confederation of NLU Grads Drives to Fund Underprivileged Students at Lower-Ranked NLUs, Maybe
More - Legally India - News for Lawyers’ <https://www.legallyindia.com/lawschools/confederation-of-nlu-
grads-drives-to-fund-underprivileged-students-at-lower-ranked-nlus-maybe-more-20191106-10967> accessed
19 January 2020.
serious underrepresentation.30 Multiple factors, namely contemporary incredibly costly legal
training, the unfortunate loss of legal knowledge as a viable career for minimum-income
graduates, and the stringent entry test (CLAT), undoubtedly contributed in this way. The trend
is that the existing demographic of graduates at several of the prominent NLU's lacks
substantive diversity, primarily composed of graduates from upper-middle-class working-class
families. There are abhorrently tiny numbers from minimal-income families and communities
of India like the northeast.
Some NLUs provide up to 50 per cent of their total intake in domicile limits. The controversy
started when the Government of West Bengal amended the National University of Judicial Act
to propose 50% state reservation in the law school. The students protested against the State
Government Act and said it would destroy the diversity of the law school.31 Similarly, National
Law Universities at New Delhi and Odisha introduced 50 and 25% reservation respectively.3233
An overwhelming majority of emerging NLU graduates have enrolled in standard English
schools, i.e., whereby English is the primary mode of training. Just 2–3% of students attended
vernacular institutions before being admitted to the NLU. This shows that vernacular languages
have no importance in these premier law schools. The emergence of these new NLUs in various
states is not having the proper infrastructure and medical facilities, faculties and even having
just a temporary campus.34
The latest outbreak of persistent mismanagement at National Law University in Odisha, NLUO
where excessive increased fees, absence of a library, and the ruined existence of the hostel once
again reveals the nation's misery.35 Simile protests were also made against a lack of adequate

30
‘The Lure of the Law - SUPPLEMENTS News - Issue Date: Jan 9, 2012’
<https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20120109-career-law-advocacy-skills-national-law-
school-of-india-university-750168-2011-12-28> accessed 19 January 2020.
31
‘NUJS Domicile Reservation Reignites Demand to “Nationalise” NLUs -B & B’
<https://www.barandbench.com/news/domicile-reservation-nujs-nationalise-nlus> accessed 19 January 2020.
32
‘NLU Delhi Starts 50% Delhi State Domicile Reservations, Following Wider NLU Balkanisation Trend -
Legally India - News for Lawyers’ <https://www.legallyindia.com/lawschools/nlu-delhi-starts-50-delhi-state-
domicile-reservations-following-wider-nlu-balkanisation-trend-20200115-11148> accessed 19 January 2020.
33
‘25% Seats in National Law University, Odisha Would Be Reserved for State Students - Education Today
News’ <https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/25-seats-in-national-law-university-odisha-
would-be-reserved-for-state-students-1634333-2020-01-06> accessed 19 January 2020.
34
‘NLU Shimla EVICTS All Students from Campus after Food, Infra Complaints Spark yet Another NLU
Protest [UPDATE-1] - Legally India - News for Lawyers’ <https://www.legallyindia.com/lawschools/food-
infra-complaints-spark-another-nlu-protest-admin-warns-hpnlu-students-to-cease-20190918-10860> accessed
19 January 2020.
35
‘High Fees, “sexism” & Poor Infra Has Angry National Law Students Erupting in Protest’
<https://theprint.in/india/education/high-fees-sexism-poor-infra-has-angry-national-law-students-erupting-in-
protest/267584/> accessed 19 January 2020.
facilities, nutrition and services at Himachal Pradesh National Law University (HPNLU).36 The
complaint about the level of disorder is simply a result of the triste situation in NLU, where
graduates are being unfairly halted for their demonstrations not only robbed of basic essentials.
NLUs have been set up to change the role of law training in India as one-disciplined state
colleges. Over the last few years, moreover, NLUs have struggled to maintain their daily affairs
efficiently. NLUs, that are the state universities (as designated by the UGC) as formed by the
State Act), suffer a lack of resources. We live on small funds that the governments of the
respective states do not have enough to support them. Moreover, NLUs do not regularly receive
UGC funding as they must collect funds for the management of business autonomously. The
poor investment in such institutions thus created multiple issues.37
NEED FOR NATIONALIZATION OF NATIONAL LAW
UNIVERSITIES
The Bill is aimed at harmonizing the operation of NLUs in the form of a single central statute,
incorporating all respective state statute. It is proposed, more importantly, that those higher
education institutions should be given the status of 'national institutions' and centrally financed
to carry out functions effectively. The bill stipulates that the Registrar would not be underneath
the professor's level and that there should be ahead for each department at the university. It also
calls for the creation of a National Council, led by the Minister of Law of the Union.38
Shrimati Meenakshi Lekhi introduced a private member bill in December 2019 for the
nationalization of National Law Universities.39 After the 2017 NUSRL Ranchi agitation, a
collective representation calling for national institutions of national importance in national law
universities was convened by NLS Student Bar, NALSAR Student Bar Council and Student

36
‘Law Students on HPNLU on Strike for a Week Because They Have No Water or Clean Loos | Latest News-
Edexlive’ <https://www.edexlive.com/news/2019/sep/24/law-students-on-hpnlu-on-strike-for-a-week-because-
they-have-no-water-or-clean-loos-8341.html> accessed 19 January 2020.
37
‘Funding Crunch Looms over Indian Law Schools’
<https://www.livemint.com/Politics/FXxhWV2V9srpQEFMi5paPO/Funding-crunch-looms-over-Indian-law-
schools.html> accessed 19 January 2020.
38
‘DSNLU Student-Drafted NLU Bill Now Introduced in Lok Sabha for “National Importance” Status to NLUs
- Legally India - News for Lawyers’ <https://www.legallyindia.com/home/dsnlu-student-drafted-nlu-bill-now-
introduced-in-lok-sabha-for-national-importance-status-to-nlus-20170804-8706> accessed 19 January 2020.
39
‘MP Meenakshi Lekhi to Introduce “Nationalise NLU Bill” in Lok Sabha Tomorrow - Legally India - News
for Lawyers’ <https://www.legallyindia.com/lawschools/mp-meenakshi-lekhi-to-introduce-nationalise-nlu-bill-
in-lok-sabha-tomorrow-20191205-11064> accessed 19 January 2020.
 Juridical Association of NUJS.40 Subsequently, to reflect the advent of the 'November
Revolution' at NLIU Bhopal, the student bodies asked for the nationalization of NLUs.41
The graduate of DSNLU Vizag named Debadutta Bose drafted draft legislation that
recommends the NLUs for the position of the Institute of National Importance (INI), with the
aim of centrally financing as well as supervising NLUs.42 The bill was proposed in 2016 in the
Lok Sabha by Jadhavpur Member of Parliament (MP) Dr Sugata Bose, a graduate research
coordinator at Harvard University. The review and discourse in the legislative cycle are
currently reviewing. The features of the bill are-
 The NLSs will also be declared as "Institutes of National Importance".
 To order for all to provide the same purposes, resources, and duties, the parliament shall adopt
a common statute.
 No seat reservations by default, but the order of the state whereby the NLU is set shall be
granted up to the maximum limit of 50%.
 The Chief Justice of India will become the NLUs "visitor" as well as the Chief Justice of the
corresponding High Courts will be in charge of inspection, as the NLU "chancellor”.
 In matters concerning CLAT, inter-NLU conflicts, annual estimates and fund distribution, a
"National Council" will also have control and role of supervision over all NLSs.
 Without hindering the jurisdiction of the BCI to administer legal training, the Union Ministry
of Law will be chaired the National Council on an ex-officio basis.
 All current jurisdictions must be similar, i.e. the Institutes are managed by the state
government. These officials and university supervisors are now widely adopted for NLUs. The
ad hoc workplace conflict resolution panel has also been established.
 To order to ensure accountability in the functioning of the NLUs, the Bill includes for the much
required central and state support, creation of separate accounts and the scrutiny of the
NLU's accounts by the CAG.
 The legislation abolishes all existing regulations in the case of operation. Post-NLUs may be
formed or withdrawn by modifying the timeframe.

40
‘4 Months after NUSRL Ranchi Student Strike, Students Claim Changes Merely Cosmetic, Problems Persist
[READ LETTER] - Legally India - News for Lawyers’ <https://www.legallyindia.com/home/nusrl-ranchi-
progress-report-cosmetic-changes-situation-same-claim-students-ready-to-protest-again-20170821-8720>
accessed 19 January 2020.
41
‘NLIU Bhopal Students Refuse to Cave as Protest Enters Day 3 - Bar & Bench’
<https://www.barandbench.com/news/nliu-bhopal-protest-statement> accessed 19 January 2020.
42
‘DSNLU Student-Drafted NLU Bill Now Introduced in Lok Sabha for “National Importance” Status to
NLUs’ <https://legaldesire.com/dsnlu-student-drafted-nlu-bill-now-introduced-in-lok-sabha-for-national-
importance-status-to-nlus/> accessed 19 January 2020.
Even there is reportedly no ongoing initiative by [Law & Justice] Ministry to constitute in each
State / UT a National Law Schools, nationalize national law schools (NLUs) and include all
national law Universities in a category of national institutions of importance "(INI).43
CONCLUSION
Legal education plays a crucial role in creating a rule that protects the culture. Schools of law
will support social innovation. Indian society faces severe problems with the application of the
law attributable to unprecedented pause in the implementation of legal system Management
Catastrophes and Widespread poverty. Legal education plays a crucial role in creating a rule
that protects the culture. Schools of law will support social innovation. Indian society faces
severe problems with the application of the law attributable to unprecedented pause in the
implementation of legal system Management Catastrophes and Widespread poverty. Most
NLUs have been unable to recruit and retain NLU alumni to instruct, leaving aside a few
exceptions of course.
The National Law Universities will step forth to provide professors with professional training
and education both in kinaesthetic learning and critical thinking skills. Experiments by college
academic staff may not result in good findings. Legal scholarship from the field should also be
promoted by the use of both academic and judicial-centric experience in legal training. Student
performance and ongoing appraisal should be from the part of the grading system and ranking.
The colleges should design the legal program keeping in mind the fast-moving advancements
in Technology and science, Corporate Accounting Strategy, and the Alternate Conflict
Recourse Framework.
In the development and adoption of the new curriculum, law faculties throughout institutions
will play a crucial role. Modern colleges will step in to rejuvenate the technical training
curriculum and adopt the professional law system and track the execution of these initiatives
efficiently by providing accountability for successful class attendance. The NLUs have been
positioned underneath the Ministry of Law but not under the Ministry of Higher Education and
that is a leading cause of their negligence. The management of the NLUs becomes a secondary
priority for the law ministry.
In order to ameliorate the standard of legal training in the country, the NLUs which were meant
to be torchbearers are vying to their own life. Many of these so-called key establishments
struggle to attain the target that was set for. In the past, requests were made to confer the

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‘No Proposal Before Centre To Nationalise National Law Universities’ <https://www.ndtv.com/education/no-
proposal-before-centre-to-nationalise-national-law-universities-2074777> accessed 19 January 2020.
prestige of the Institute of National Importance (INI) to the NLUs, which could help resolve
the financial squeeze problem as the INIs receive donations specifically from the central
administration underneath the budget for education of the Ministry of Human Resources
Development. Hence, the nationalisation of these institutions is the high requirements for their
sustainability in the long run.