easYgen-3200 Training

Section 8 - Controller

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CERTIFICATE of
Design Assessment
by ABS
American Bureau of Shipping & Affiliated Companies

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 Contents
Introduction slide 3
Controller 4
Set Points 13
Load Sharing 17
FAQ 24
Exercises 30

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 Introduction
Introduction The easYgen-3200 provides the user with a selection of bias signals
Controller to operate numerous speed controls and voltage regulators. The
easYgen-3200 may be configured to use analog voltage and/or
Set points
current signals, PWM signals, or raise/lower contacts to increase or
Load sharing
decrease the speed and voltage reference point.
FAQ

Exercises

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 Controller
Introduction
Analog / PWM controller
Controller
• Proportional Gain
Set points

Load sharing
• Integral Gain
FAQ
• Derivative ratio
Exercises

Frequency / power controller and voltage / power factor controller

• Adjustable bias signal (+/-20mA / +/- 10V) or
• 500 Hz PWM (duty cycle signal)

Example:
-10V 3 7 10V
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 Controller
Introduction P (Proportional gain)
Controller The proportional gain indicates the closed-loop control system gain.
Set points
By increasing the gain, the response is increased to permit larger
corrections to the variable to be controlled. The further out of tolerance
Load sharing
the process is the larger the response action to return the process to
FAQ the control set point. If the gain is configured too high, the result is
excessive overshoot/undershoot of the desired value.
Exercises

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 Controller
Introduction I (Integral gain)
Controller The integral gain represents the I-component of the PID controller. The
Set points
integral corrects for any offset (between set point and process variable)
automatically over time by shifting the proportioning band. Integral gain
Load sharing
automatically changes the output requirements until the process
FAQ variable and the set point are the same. This parameter permits the
user to adjust how quickly the integral attempts to correct for any
Exercises
offset.

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 Controller
Introduction D (Derivative ratio)
Controller The derivative represents the D-component of the PID controller. By
Set points
increasing this parameter, the stability of the system is increased. The
controller will attempt to slow down the action of the throttle in an
Load sharing
attempt to prevent excessive overshoot or undershoot. Essentially,
FAQ derivative acts as the brake for the process.
Exercises

7
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 Controller
Introduction
63
FREQUENCY

Controller
62
Set points 61
Load sharing
60
59
FAQ
58
Exercises 57

TIME

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 Controller
Analog / PWM controller bias signal
Introduction

The analog outputs are used for the bias signals

Controller

Set points
• Speed bias (F/P control)
Load sharing • Voltage bias (V/PF control)
FAQ

Exercises

9
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 Controller
Introduction Three step controller (raise/lower/off)
Controller
- Time pulse (minimum energize time)
Set points
- Gain factor
Load sharing

FAQ
- Dead-band adjustment
Exercises - Expand dead-band function

Frequency / power controller and Voltage / power factor controller (raise /

lower) are possible through configuration of the LogicsManager.

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 Controller
Introduction Three Step controller
Controller
The time interval between the raise / lower pulse depends on the actual
Set points difference between set point and actual value.
Load sharing
Raise/lower pulse
FAQ
Time delay
Exercises
Difference between setpoint and real value

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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 Controller
Introduction Controller tuning
Controller
The analog and three-step controllers should ramp in a similar manner as
Set points shown below when properly tuned.
Load sharing

FAQ
120 Volts
Exercises

90 Volts

Ramp of Voltage
Controller is
determined by the
30 Volts Gain

Point at which
Controller takes
control

0 Volts

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 Set points
Introduction External Set points in “AUTOMATIC” operation mode
Controller
• Frequency set point
Set points
• Voltage set point
Load sharing

FAQ
• Power set point
Exercises • Power factor set point
Analog inputs
0/4 to 20 mA or 0 to 500 Ohm
Discrete inputs
Raise/lower set point via momentary switch
Interface
CANopen or Modbus
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 Set points
Introduction Analog Inputs
Controller

Set points

Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

User defined is in relation to the

Rated power (in %).

0 Min. value ( 0% of rated)

10000 Max. value (100.00 %)

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 Set points
Introduction Discrete Input for raise/lower
Controller

Set points

Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

The power ramp always starts at the current measured value. If the breaker
is opened this set point automatically resets to 0 kW.
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 Set points
Interface power set point
Introduction

Controller

Set points

Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

16
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 Load sharing
Introduction Load sharing over the CAN bus
Controller
• Real load sharing is performed as a utilization factor. (Generators
Set points compare measured load:generator rating)
Load sharing
• Reactive load sharing is performed as a utilization factor.
FAQ (Generators compare measured reactive load:generator rating)
• Maximum of 32 units can load-share
Exercises

• Split bus applications are possible with up to four bus bars (different
segment numbers)

Load sharing with GCP-30 series is not possible !

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 Load sharing
Introduction Connection between the units via CAN 1
Controller

Set points

Load sharing
The units need different
device numbers
FAQ
CAN 1
Exercises

Generator 1

CAN 1

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More units
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 Load sharing
Introduction Active power load sharing
Controller
• Maintain frequency / maintain power utilization factor
Set points
• Weighting factor may be applied to load sharing
Load sharing

FAQ
(> 50% more frequency, < 50% more power utilization)
Exercises

Reactive power load sharing

• Maintain voltage / maintain reactive power utilization factor
• Weighting factor may be applied to reactive load sharing
(> 50% more voltage, < 50% more reactive power utilization)

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 Load sharing
Segment numbering for multiple common busses
Introduction
• General segment definition
Controller

• Alternative segment groups for use with bus tie breakers

Set points

Load sharing • Only the generator connected to the same segment number may
FAQ
load share with each other
Exercises

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 Load sharing
Introduction

Controller
Segment 1

Set points Load

Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

Segment 2
Load

Segment 3
21 Load
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 Load sharing
Introduction

Controller
Segment 1

Set points Load

Segment #2 TRUE
Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

Segment 2
Load

Segment 3
22 Load
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 Load sharing
Introduction

Controller
Segment 1

Set points Load

Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

Segment 2
Load
Segment #3 TRUE

Segment 3
23 Load
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 FAQ
Introduction
• How can I configure my controller bias signal output?
Controller

Set points

Load sharing
• How can I limit the generator load when the cooling water
FAQ
temperature is below a desired threshold?
Exercises

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 FAQ
Introduction
How can I configure my controller bias signal output?
Controller

Set points There are two possible types:

Load sharing

FAQ
- Three step controller (raise / lower outputs)
Exercises
 Relays via LogicsManager

- Analog controller (bias signals) / PWM  Analog output

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 FAQ
Introduction
How can I configure my controller bias signal output?
Controller Three step controller (raise / lower outputs)  LogicsManager
Set points
Parameters for frequency control
Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises
Select freely configurable relay

LogicsManager input commands:

03.20 Governor raise 03.22 AVR raise
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03.21 Governor lower 03.23 AVR lower
 FAQ
Introduction
How can I configure my controller bias signal output?
Controller Analog controller (bias signals)  Analog output
Set points
Parameters for frequency control Configure analog output
Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

Data source:
00.02 Voltage bias
00.03 Speed bias

Test controller range

27 with initial state
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 FAQ
How can I limit the generator load when the cooling water
Introduction
temperature is below a desired threshold?
Use the “warm up limit” of the active load controller
Controller

Set points
The easYgen controls the warm up load limit (in % of rated power)
Load sharing
whenever the measured value of the analog
FAQ input drops below the
Exercises threshold.

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 FAQ
How can I limit the generator load when the cooling water
Introduction
temperature is below a desired threshold?
Controller
The warm up load limit permits a partial load warm up with a lower
Set points
set point whenever the generator runs parallel to mains.
Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

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 Exercise:
Introduction
Configure the analog output manager (FlexOut)
Controller Speed bias signal for analog output 1 range: 3 – 7 V
Set points

Load sharing

FAQ

Exercises

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 Exercise: Solution
Introduction
Configure the analog output manager speed bias signal for
Controller analog output 1 range: 3 – 7 V
Set points
Hardware type “user defined” with min. / max. configuration
complete output range is +/- 20 mA (+/- 10 V)
Load sharing
3V 65.00% min. value
FAQ 7V 85.00% max. value -10V 0V 3 7 10V
Exercises

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 End of this presentation
Other sections are :
1 Overview 6 LogicsManager
2 Hardware and I/O 7 Analog Manager
3 Operational Modes 8 Controller
4 Configuration and ToolKit 9 Synchronization and breaker
5 Communication 10 Application
11 Sequencing

Thank you for your attention

Note:
Information contained herein is intended for and appropriate to the purposes of this publication/presentation. Woodward reserves the right to update or otherwise revise any portion of this publication at any time. Technical data and
detailed information is available in Woodward product specs. Specific reliance should be given only to information contained in purchase order(s), other contractual document(s), or information otherwise expressly represented in
writing by Woodward as correct and accurate for the specific facts, circumstances and applications.

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