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IQRA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD CAMPUS

Different Cultures of
Pakistan
Submitted to: Sir.Shahzad
Submitted by: Atif Ahmed (18432)

2016
Table of Contents

Introduction: ........................................................................................... 3
Religion in Pakistan: ................................................................................ 4
Different Culture of Pakistan: ................................................................. 4
Punjabi Culture:.................................................................................... 4
Kashmiri Culture ................................................................................... 5
Sindhi Culture ....................................................................................... 7
Balochi Culture ..................................................................................... 8
Pashtun Culture.................................................................................... 9
Makrani Culture ................................................................................. 10
Small Communities ............................................................................... 11
Dardic ................................................................................................. 11
Wakhi ................................................................................................. 11
Burusho .............................................................................................. 12
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 12
Different Culture of Pakistan

Introduction:
Culture is a multifaceted entire which incorporates information, view point, workmanship, ethics, traditions and
every single other capabilitie and conduct procured by men as an individual from a general public. So every
awesome country is making the most of its own way of life, generally as a Pakistani country and Pakistani society is
an exceptionally various because of its Islamic nature and rich notable foundation. The Pakistani society contain
various different society and racial gathering, for example, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Mujahirs ,Makrani
in the south, Baloch and Pashtun in the west and the old Dardic, wakhi and Burusho groups in the north. The
Pakistani culture significantly preferential by a hefty portion of the encompassing nations, culture, for example, the
Turkic individuals, Persian, Arab and other south Asian racial gatherings of the subcontinent, focal Asia and the
center East and so forth.

The territory of present day Pakistan has witnessed the rise and fall of countless empires, which have contested
this land from as early as 550BC, when the Achaemenid Empire controlled vast swathes of Asia, Arabian and
Northern Africa. By 323BC the marauding Macedonian, Alexander the Great, had staked his claim to Pakistan,
setting a trend for conquering that continued for the next 2000 years. The Mughal Empire (1526-1857) lasted
longest and helped develop the region economically. Agriculture, art and commerce flourished during Mughal rule,
which left behind a sophisticated administration and a wealth of architecture that still wows visitors today. The
British arrived in the region in the early 1800s and in 1849 the territory now known as Pakistan was incorporated
into British India. It was not until 1947, as a result of a violent partition from India, that Pakistan acquired
nationhood.

Under pressure from Indian Muslims led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah - who is considered to be the 'father of the
nation' - the British created a separate Muslim state consisting of two parts; East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and
West Pakistan (now a single unitary state), which were separated by 1,600km (1,000 miles) of Indian territory.
Political and religious disputes between the territories resulted in a civil war, which lasted for most of 1971. It was
brought to an end by the intervention of India, which forced Pakistan to surrender and recognize the
independence of modern day Bangladesh. Pakistan’s relationship with India remains fraught. Both nations lay
claim to Kashmir and have fought wars over the territory. Pakistan presently occupies one-third of the disputed
territory and India occupies the other two-thirds. The Kashmiris themselves have become weary of both sides and
there is a growing appetite for independence. In contrast to India, democracy failed to take root in Pakistan, which
suffered prolonged periods of military rule. After decades of revolving-door politics followed by incompetence,
nepotism and corruption, tackling Pakistan's huge political and economic problems remains tougher than ever.
remains a politically
Although the country has struggled to maintain a foothold on political stability, Pakistan
aware nation, with a culture broadly based around family, Islam and an acceptance of different
ethnic groups living throughout the country.

As part of India's independence from Great Britain in 1947, a partition took part of their land and created Pakistan
as a separate Islamic nation. It is estimated that approximately 95 percent of the population are Muslim, but
members of several minority religions live there, including some Hindus, Christians, Parsis, Sikhs, and Buddhists.
Although the modern nation of Pakistan was but fifty-three years old in 2000, it has territorial areas and tribal
populations whose histories date back many centuries; thus Pakistan has both an ancient and a relatively new
identity.
Religion in Pakistan:
An estimated 95-97% of Pakistanis are Muslim, with the remaining few percentage points made up of small groups
of Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Parsi (Zoroastrians), Buddhists and followers of other faiths.
About 75% of the population are Sunni Muslims, while 20% are Shi'a.Most Pakistani Sunnis belong to the Hanafi
branch, or to the Ahle Hadith. Shi'a sects represented include the Ithna Asharia, the Bohra, and the Ismailis.

Different Culture of Pakistan:

Punjabi Culture:
Punjab (the land of five rivers) is the biggest land area of Pakistan and is popularly known for its culture. It shares
most of its cultural and carnival values with Indian culture. According to population, 56% of the total population of
the country is situated in Punjab Province. It has a total of 36 districts and contributes approximately 50-60 % of
the economy.
Punjabi Culture is one of the oldest in world history, dating from ancient antiquity to the modern era. The scope,
history, complexity and density of the culture are vast. Some of the main areas of the Punjabi culture include:
Punjabi cuisine, philosophy, poetry, artistry, music, architecture, traditions and values and history. Some cities of
Punjab have more importance for Sikh community from India. The founder of Sikh religion was born in Nankana
Sahib, a district of Punjab so Sikh from different parts of world come and visits Punjab. Jahngir tomb and Badshahi
Masjid in Lahore are the important places of Pakistan. Data Sahib is very scared place in Punjab and most of the
people come and visit Data sahib every year.
People
Punjabi people are very warm hearted and fun loving. Punjabis are heterogeneous group comprising of different
tribes, clans, communities and are known to celebrate each and every tradition of their culture. People of Punjab
have strong beliefs on pir-faqeers, jogi, taweez, manat-ka-dhaga, saint of repute, black magic, and other
superstitions, however recently due to increase of literacy, people have become somewhat rational . Punjabis also
believe in cast system but as now people are getting educated, the differences are getting blurred. Some popular
casts of Punjabi’s are; Jats, Maliks, Mughals, Arains, Gujjars, Awans, Rajputs, Gakhars, Khokhars, Sheikhs, Aheers,
Kambohs, Niazis, Legharis, Khosas, Dogars, Thaheem, Mirani, Qureshis, and Syeds.
In villages’ people usually live in small communities (biradaris), however they live in peace and harmony with each
other. They take active part in the happiness/grieve of each other and give a great deal of respect to their culture,
norms and run their lives according to their set traditions. Punjabi people are famous for their hospitable and
loving nature.
Languages
Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. It is spoken as the first language by majority people in Punjab, even
spoken and understood in areas beyond the confines of Punjab. Facts and figures show that Punjabi language is
spoken as first language by 44% of Pakistanis. Urdu language is also commonly spoken in this region. Key Punjabi
languages/dialects are Pothowari, Hindko, Jhangvi, Shahpuri, Pahari, Majhi, Saraiki
Dresses
Costumes of Punjab are an indication of the bright and vibrant culture and lifestyle of the people.The costumes are
a mix of colours, comfort and beauty and Punjab is well known for the use of phulkari(embroidery) in its costumes.
In most of the villages of Punjab men wear Pagri(turban), dhoti/lacha, kurta, khusa. Women wear gharara, or
choridar pajama or colorful shalwar kameez, paranda, choli/duppata, khusa, kola puri chappal or tillay wali jutti.
Whereas in urban areas of Punjab men and women follow latest trends and fashion, generally they wear different
styles of shalwar kameez.
Cuisine
The extensive cuisine of Punjab can be vegetarian and non-vegetarian. One commonality between all Punjabi
dishes is the liberal usage of ghee or clarified butter spices and Punjabis are fond of sweet-meats also. Most
Punjabi food is eaten with either rice or roti. There are some dishes that are exclusive to Punjab such as Mah Di
Dal, Paratha, Makai ki rotti, Saron Da Saag, and in cities Choley, Haleem, Baryani and other spicy dishes are
popular. In beverages, tea is consumed in all seasons and as a custom most of Punjabis serve tea to their guests.
Punjabis are also fond of Zarda, Gulab-Jamuns, Kheer, Jalaibi,Samosy, Pakorey etc. During summers people drink
lassi, doodh-soda, aloo bokharey ka sharbat, lemonade etc. These cuisines have become world-wide delicacies
with large scale representation.
Sports
Punjabi people have fanatical interest in sports. Punjabi’s are fond of kabaddi, and wrestling, which is also popular
in other parts of Pakistan and it’s also played on national level. Other games being played in Punjab region include
Gilli-Danda, Khoo-Khoo, Yassu-Panju, Pitho-Garam, Ludo, Chuppan-Chupai, Baraf-Panni, Kanchy and some major
sports include cricket, boxing, horse-racing, hockey and football. National Horse and Cattle Show at Lahore is the
biggest festival where sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions are held.
Cultural Festivals
There are numerous festivals which are celebrated by Punjabi people including some religious festivals such as Eid-
Milad-Un-Nabi, Jumu’ah, Laylat-ul-Qadr etc. Urcs (devotional fairs),which are held at the shirnes of sufi saints,
Melas and Nomaish (exhibitions).The Provincial capital Lahore is widely popular for its entertaining events and
activities. Lahori’s are famous all over the country for their celebrations particularly for Basant festival (kite flying)
in the spring season. Other festivals celebrated in Punjab region include Baisakhi, Teej, Kanak Katai etc.
Dance and Music
Bhangra is most commonly known Punjabi music genre and dance style. Punjabis passionately love folk
songs/music, Qawali and Punjabi music is recognized throughout the world. The Tabla, Dhol, Dholki, Chimta, Flute
and Sitar are all common instruments of this delightful culture. Punjabi dance is based around happiness, energy
and enthusiasm.Different forms of dance in Punjab are: Loddi, Dhamal, Sammi, Kikli, Gatka, Bhangra, Giddha and
Dandiya. Punjabi dances have been embraced by the American culture and others alike and now they are one of
the most appreciated art forms.
Punjabi Weddings
Punjabi weddings are based on traditions and are conducted with strong reflection of the Punjabi culture followed
by several pre-wedding customs and rituals (dholki,mayun,ubtan etc.)Punjabi weddings are very loud, energetic,
full of music,colors, fancy-dresses, food and dancing. Punjabi weddings have many customs and ceremonies that
have evolved since traditional times. In cities the wedding are celebrated following a blend of modern and
traditional customs and the ceremony generally lasts for 3days, Mehndi, Barat (Nikkah+Ruksati) and Walima,
followed by Chauti (bringing the bride back to her parents’ home the next day).
Literature
Punjab is very rich with literature and Sufis adds more in its literature. Punjabi poetry is renowned for its extremely
deep meaning, beautiful and hopeful use of words. The large number of Punjabi poetry is being translated
throughout the world into many languages. Some famous poets of Punjabi are Sultan Bahu, Mia Mohammad
Baksh, Baba Farid, Shah Hussain, Anwar Masood etc. Waris Shah, whose contribution to Punjabi literature is best-
known for his seminal work in Heer Ranjha, known as Shakespeare of Punjabi language. Bulleh Shah was a Punjabi
Sufi poet, a humanist and a philosopher. The verse from Bulleh Shah primarily employed is called the Kafi, a style
of Punjabi. Some other popular folk tales of Punjab include Sassi-Punnu, Sohni Mahiwal etc. that are passing
through generations.
Arts and Crafts
Punjab is the major manufacturing industry in Pakistan’s economy and here each art enjoys a place of its own. The
main crafts created in the highlands and other rural areas of Punjab are basketry, pottery, which are famous for
their modern and traditional designs all over the world and are included in the best formations of Punjabis. bone
work, textile, cloth woven on handlooms with stunning prints is embroidered in the rural-areas and the weavers
produce colorful cloths like cotton,silk etc. embroidery, weaving, carpets, stone craft, jewelry, metal work along
with truck art and other wood works. The craft of Punjab is its fundamental soul and its craft create its entity.

Kashmiri Culture
There are seven basic elements of a culture and almost all of them along with their sub elements exist in
every nation and country. These elements will be explained with context to Kashmir and Kashmiri
people onwards.
Language
Language is the mode of communication used in any area. Urdu, Kashmiri and gojri are the official
languages of AJ&K whereas; Hindi, Pahari and Ladakhi, Dograi, Kashmiri, are also spoken in some parts.
Northwestern Dardic language of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-
European language family is primarily used in Jammu Kashmir whereas language used in Azad Kashmir is
Pahari because this part of Kashmir normally contains mountains and hilly areas. Furthermore, variation
in language is found when we travel in different areas of Kashmir i.e. the accent, pronunciation, and at
times meanings varies from area to area. Arabic script is followed as their writing script.

Norms

Norms are the folkways, mores, taboos, rituals that people of a particular area follow. There are
different traditions regarding food, dressing, ceremonies etc. Rice is the staple food of Kashmiris.
Besides that, majority of the people have their own farms so they grow their own wheat, corn for bread,
vegetables, fruit, herbs, rice etc. and they also have their own farm animals like cows, goats, hens etc for
their feeding purpose. In the region of Muzafrabad, people do their breakfast with yogurt, naan, Kulcha
and pink tea. At the time of ceremonies whether they are wedding or death or any kind of ceremonies,
the food served must contain ‘lobia daal chawaal’. Also, pink tea and black tea (kehwa) are the
compulsory items after food. Another important thing to be noticed is that Kashmiris’ use salt in the tea
(black tea with milk).

After the regimes of General Muhammad Hayat Khan, there are only few villages where the facility of water supply
was made available but few were left out. Since the village portion is not developed as such, therefore, people use
mudded stove that is fired with woods due to unavailability of gas. And they also don’t have water in their taps so
they travel to chashmas’ and lakes where they fill their containers with water to use.
Trend of mudded houses is very common as they act as natural insulator. Further, people tend to walk a lot instead
of using vehicles, that’s the reason they are healthy and are kind of saved from normal illnesses.
Values
Kashmiris are really hard working people, they are independent and they work in their on farms for their livelihood
because agriculture and cultivation is their main source of earning. They are very courageous as they live in the
tough climatic region but still work hard. They are extremely brave as they are continuously striving for their
independence regardless of the harshness and torture they face. Moving further, they are highly prone towards
education. Children go to their schools in the morning and help their parents in every way they can after coming
back from school. They are extremely patriotic.
Talking about their kind of work, they are primarily famous for their hand work. The neatness, the perfection, the
ideas, everything is just so amazing. Kashmiri handicrafts, carpets, shawls, wood carvings (decoration pieces, door
styles, window styles etc.) are famous worldwide. Another rare thing is the sandal made of rope (baan) with hands.
They call shawl for men ‘Looi’.
Beliefs
Azad Kashmir is Muslim majority area. Their religion is Islam and they are really firm about their beliefs and rituals.
On the other hand, Jammu Kashmir is populated with Muslim, Hindu and Sikh communities.
Kashmiris are trying to develop their economy with the help of investments and industrialization. They want to
expand their networks all over the world. They want collaboration with the Muslim world on the first ground.
Social Collectives
Likewise Pakistan and India, the cast system is very active in both occupied parts of Kashmir. People are known,
identified and judged on the bases of their casts. Kashmir is densed with Rajputs, sudhans, jatt, chughtais, syeds,
daars. And IOK is densed with casts of Msulims, hindus, as well as of Sikhs.
Statuses and Roles
If we look at the status, Kashmiris don’t really have very high standards but the fact can also not be ignored that
they possess their own farms, animals houses etc. houses on rent are not really common.
Trends have changed. Now people are more educated, in fact every single person is trying to get the higher
education. Due to the reason, they are getting jobs at higher posts. They also are going abroad and these overseas
Kashmiris are adding their part in the foreign reserves in the form of remittances.
Recently, due to agreement between Pakistan and India on the border line (between AJK and IOK), the crossing
points have been opened where the exchange of goods can be done through trucks and only for the business
purpose, that’s the reason people are getting better off financially. There are some complains of deceivement from
Indian business community.
There is one negative aspect regarding business on the borderline that Indian army starts firing and shelling
without any notice, therefore on the life is not safe, and doing business is a risky matter. Even people working on
their own farms near the border line have a threat of life every time.
Cultural Integration
On the ground level, all element of culture are integrated. Performance of one element somehow affects the
other.Kashmir is the beautiful place on earth with the natural beauty but unfortunately the tourism industry there
is not developed. If the government pays a little attention towards this part of Kashmir this can be the major
source of income for the natives and even for the government itself.

Sindhi Culture
Sindh is one of the four provinces in Pakistan located at the Southern border. The province of Sindh has been
named after the famous River Indus. In Sanskrit, the province was dubbed Sindhu meaning an ocean. Around 3000
B.C, Dravidian cultures urbanized and gave rise to the Indus Valley Civilization. According to the Historians, Indus
Valley Civilization declined due to the natural disasters such as floods but the invasions of Indo- Arians caused the
sudden collapse of it. In the recent history, Sindh was conquered by the British in 1843. Sindh province remained
the part of British India until 1947 when it was made one of the provinces of Pakistan.
Language
Sindhi language evolved over a period of 2400 years. The language of the people of Sindh, after coming in contact
with the Aryan, became Indo-Aryan (Prakrit). Sindhi language, therefore, has a solid base of Prakrit as well as
Sanskrit, the language of India, with vocabulary from Arabic, Persian, and some Dravidian – descendants from
Mediterranean sub-continent. Initially, Sindhi had close contacts with Arabic- speaking Muslims. Therefore the
language adopted many of the Arabic words.

Sindhi language is an ancient language spoken in Pakistan and many other parts of the world. It is an Indo-Aryan
language spoken by approximately 41 million people in Pakistan, and 12 million people in India; it is the second
most spoken language of Pakistan, mostly spoken in the Sindh province. It is a recognized official language in
Pakistan, and also an official language in India. Government of Pakistan issues National Identity Cards to its citizens
only in two languages; Sindhi and Urdu.

Sindhi language is also greatly influenced by Sanskrit and about 70% of the words in Sindhi are of Sanskrit origin.
Sindhi is a very rich language with a vast vocabulary; this has made it a favorite of many writers and so a lot of
literature and poetry has been written in Sindhi. It has been the inspiration for Sindhi art, music, literature, culture
and the way of life. The language can be written using the Devanagri or Arabic script
Festivals
The people of Sind love their religion and the two festivals of Eid-ul-Adha and Eid-ul-Fitr are celebrated with zeal
and enthusiasm. Different domestic festivals are arranged by the local people to provide people with new things
they buy on Eid’s occasion. On different occasions, the Folk dance of Bhagat is also performed by professionals to
entertain the visiting people. Hence, a Sindhi Cultural Festival is a compound of folk dances, music and cheap
entertainment for local people.
Lifestyle
People of Sindh are more inclined towards an agricultural based lifestyle. The fertile Indus Plains provide a valuable
source of income for the local people who practice farming on these lands. Inland fishing is also practiced along the
Indus River in Upper Sind providing further opportunities for local people. Itinerant way of lifestyle is commonly
seen in the desertic regions of Thar where people move from place to place in search for drinking water sources
along with their animals.
Arts and Music
Sindhi society is dominated by great Sufis, the mystics and the martyrs. It has always been the land of peace, love,
romance, and great cultural and artistic values. There were the great theologians of the Naqsh bandi order in
Thatta who translated the fundamentals of the religion of Islam into their mother tongue. There were the great
Sufi (mystic) poets like Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai who was the cherisher of truth and spent all his life in its
propagation, pursuit and quest. Bhitai was also an excellent musician. He invented a new type of musical
instrument, Tambura (drone instrument), which till today, is a primary source of music in rural Sindh. The beauty
of Shah’s verses is enhanced by his blending of traditional Indian rag with the Sindhi folk songs and music.
Cultural character
The ancient Sindhi civilization was the place, where the aesthetic utilization of leisure was freely indulged. There
has been evidence, that the excavations of sites dating back to 3000 B.C. (all over Sindh) is also true, around 1200
years ago when Jaina Dakshiniya Chihna (778 A.D.) described the distinguished features of Sindhi’s in this way:
“Elegant, with a lovely, soft and slow gait, they are fond of the art of harvas (that is, songs, music and dancing) and
full affection towards their country.” Sindhi’s celebrate Sindh Cultural day worldwide on 6th December by wearing
Ajrak & Sindhi Topi on that time.

Balochi Culture
Baloch culture is opposite to the general perception about it. Though Balochistan is an area of barren lands,
deserts and mountains, the Baloch culture is full of traditions, arts and crafts. Balochi embroidery is one of the
most popular arts and crafts which are done by the females. Baluchistan is also known for its tribes and festivals.
Another distinct feature of Baloch culture is the storytelling tradition. Poets and story tellers are highly respected
in Baloch culture.
Tribes
The people belonging to Baloch tribe speak balochi language. Balochi language is an ancient language. Its roots are
traced back to Iranian branch of Indo-European family. It has resemblance with languages such as Sansikrat,
Avesta, Old Persian and Phalavi, which now a days are said to be as dead languages. This tribe is further divided in
to Rind, Lashar, Marri, Jamot,Ahmedzai, Bugti,Domki, Magsi,Khosa,Rakhashani,Dashti
Umrani,Nosherwani,Gichki,Buledi, Sanjarani, Khidai

The tribe has a head known as “sardar”, the sub divided tribes also have heads known as “Malik” or “Takari” or
“Mir”. These tribe heads are members of districts and local Jirgas.
Marriages
In Baloch culture marriages are different and unique than in the other provinces of the country. The marriages are
according to Islamic principles in presence of a Mullana along with the presence of witnesses. Every member of the
family takes part in the marriage; they express their joy and happiness by following the traditions of their culture.
Usually the marriages are done in young ages (teenage) but are arranged in early childhood or at birth. There is a
very low or negligible ratio of love marriages as this is not appreciated across the culture in all tribes. Usually the
marriages take place within tribes but at times intra tribal marriages are also conducted. Divorce rate is very low in
the Baluchistan as compared to the other provinces of Pakistan because they consider is a matter of disrespect for
the family and honor of the tribe. Different rituals are celebrated in different tribes. In some tribes there is a
tradition of takings “Valver”, it is a sum of money paid by the groom to the family of the bride.
Dressing
Like all the other provinces of Pakistan the national dress shalwar kameez with distinct additions and modifications
are worn in Baloch culture. The people dress up very pleasingly and in the same way in all the tribes. Turban is the
common headwear of Bloch men along with wide loose shalwar along with knee-long shirts. Females dress consists
of a shirt having a big pocket and embroidery and embedded round mirror work in front. A big Dupatta/ Chaddar is
taken to cover the head and shoulders.
Festivals
Both religious and social festivals are celebrated by Baloch people. The religious festivals are same as across the
country like Eid-ul-Azha and Eid-ul-Fiter. These religious festivals are celebrated by decorating houses wearing new
dresses cooking special dishes. Baloch culture is full of many social festivals like Sibi festival which has folk music
performance, cultural dances, handicrafts stalls, cattle shows and a number of other entertaining activities
showing the colorful side of Baloch people. Buzkashi is another festival showing rather enhancing the bravery
tactfulness and bravery of Baloch people. It is celebrated on horse-back by two teams that use their skills to snatch
a goat from the each other.
Music
Baloch culture is rich in folk music dances and songs. Famous wedding songs of Baloch culture
areNazenk and Salonk. The instruments used are mainly a flute, locally called Nal, Tamboora and Soroz. A common
Baloch folk dance is known as Dochaap. Women also move in a circle clapping their hands on certain occasions.
Other dances include the Lewa, Latti and Hambo.
Food
Usually Baloch people have meals in morning and evening. Men and women eat separately. Wheat, millet and rice
are part of the Baloch meal. Meat is also an important part; “Sajji” is the favorite dish of most people. Sajji is the
food eaten with knife other than that Baloch people usually eat with hands. Milk, butter and vegetables are also
part of Baloch cuisine.
Sports
Popular games include chauk, and Ji. Also games like wrestling, horse racing, shooting and hunting pastimes among
the wealthier people of tribes. Card games and gambling are also popular among groups of some tribes.

Pashtun Culture
The history and the origins of Pathans has been a controversial debate however not much of a consensus could be
formed . There were theories ranging from Pakhtuns having an Aryan, Jewish, Arab or mixed origin. None was
convincing enough to form a conclusion. Patahns are extremely obsessed and curious to know about their origin of
their race, however it might not be a major concern for many other races. Some people believe that they might
also be related to Khalid bin walid and as a result of which Pathans might also have an Arabic origin. While another
school of thought relate them to of Adolf Hitler’s that has a link to the Afghans to the Aryans and ultimately a
linkage to Pathans of Peshawar.

Pashtun culture is based on Islam and Pashtunwali, which is an ancient way of life.Kingdoms The most famous and
renowed tribes in Khyber pakhtoonwar are Lodi,Suri,Hotaki, Durrani,Barakazi.Classes of Pathans Society
Mian,Gujar,Rangi,Kulal.

Food

One of the most famous dishes includes tikkah,serge,sugi ka halwa,kawa,chapali kabab,kabala palao,special long
naans. And many more.

Poetry
Pathan are very famous for their poetry ,they are very passionate and patriotic which is obvious from their poetry.
Some of the famous poets are include Amir Kror Suri, Khushal Khan Khattak, Rahman Babaand many others.
Dances
 Attan: In this dance, the dancers perform to the music.This dance is performed by both the genders involving 2-5
steps, ending with a clap given while facing the center, after which the process is repeated again. This dance is
typically performed with the musician dictating the duration and speed.
 Khattak dance: The Khattak Dance is performed by the Khattak tribe.
 Mahsud dance: A unique dance routine using rifles performed by the Mahsud tribe of Pashtuns. Originally it was
used to dance at the time of war, but later on became a cultural dance. The dancers dance empty handed and
require only large drums. Nowadays though it is danced with the guns in the dancers hand.
 Waziri dance: Two drummers and a flute player play a particular tune. Two persons leave the circle; go dancing
towards the drummers, and come back dancing in the same manner. During performing both the persons turn
around two times at a time once towards each other facing face to face and once keeping faces in opposite
direction. After doing this separately they march while dancing to the assembled crowd.
Clothing
Pashtun men usually wear a Partoog-Korteh in Pashto(salwar kameez is Urdu)with a pakul (Pashtun hat). In
the Kandahar region young men usually wear different type of hat similar to a topi and in thePeshawar region they
wear white kufis instead. Leaders or tribal chiefs sometimes wear a karakul hat, likeHamid Karzai and others.
Women and girls wear traditional long dresses with a light piece of cloth used to cover their hair.They also wear
beautiful hand made jewellery. And beautiful pakhtoon frocks.
Sports
Some Pashtuns participate in buzkashi, which is a sport introduced in the region during the Mughal era.. The word
“buz” means “goat” and “kashi” means “dragging” or “pulling”. Not a team sport, it is every man for himself and
that becomes apparent as soon as the game starts. Although buskashi is primarily an individual sport, alliances are
built up between various players. Between the alliances, the strongest players finally take control .This is very
similar to polo. Football is another sports very enjoyablely played by pathans of Khyber pahktoonwar.

Makrani Culture
In Pakistan the Makrani people are mostly found in Balochistan in the Makran Coast and in lower Sindh mainly in
the Lyari area which comes under Karachi. The Makrani people are also known as Sheedis because of their physical
appearance.

Background

It is believed that they belong to East Africa and came to this part of world between 1200 AD and 1900 AD. The
first person of this tribe came to India in 628 AD and several others came in 712 AD when Islam came in the
subcontinent. Historians says this tribe have been soldier with Muhammad bin Qasim’s army and were known as
Zanjis. Their arrival to this part of world as increased in 17th century when Portuguese sold them to local princes.
They are divided into four tribes Kharadar Makan, Hyderabad Makan, Lassi Makan and Melaro Makan. They follow
Pir Mangho as their saint.
Language
Their language is Makrani, Makrani is languages that is mixture of Balochi and Sindhi and have most of its
dialogues are similar to Urdu and some of the phases are very similar to African language.
Religion
Most of the Makranies belongs to Islam and follow the Barelvi School of though. Pir Mangho is followed as the
saint of Makranies and they also have an annual festival know as Sheedi Mela, in this festival they visit Mangho Pir
and play music and dance.
Marriages
Makranies mostly have intermarried with the people of their own tribe; they marry mostly with the fisher people,
labours dyeing and cloth Makers. On their marriage they organise special functions in which the sing, dance and
celebrate the event many days before the actual marriage ceremony.
Music
Music is a major component of Makrani culture. In 1970 and 1990 Lyari produced its own music knows as “Lyari
Disco”. The musical beats, song and dances are similar to Africa. Music is not just use for entertainment but it also
comes in their faith. In 1980 Dimly-lit a small recording studio was established in Lyari where young men and
women recorded music. The song “Bija Teer Bija” recorded in Lyari Disco was used in PPP electoral campaign
during 1988. Younis Jani is a popluar singer of modern word who belongs to Makran and his songs are very famous
now days.
Sports
Football is the one of the most famous sport among them especially in Layri and Pakistan Football team have
players from Layri. Layri is also known as mini Brazil because they love Brazil football team like their own team.
After football boxing is the next most famous sport and Layri have produced many international boxers, these
boxes also won Gold Medal in Olympic. The Donkey Race is also a famous sport, it start from Layri and ends at
Galifton Karachi.

Small Communities
Dardic
The Dard or Darada land in Pakistan includes Chitral, Swat, Dir, Indus Kohistan and Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan. The
people spoke Dardic languages, one of the three groups belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European
family of languages. The Dardic languages include Dameli, Dumaki, Gawri (Kalami), Gawar-Bati, Gawro, Chilsoso,
Glangali or Nangalami (Afghanistan), Kalasha, Kashmiri, Kashtawari (Kashmir) Khowar, Miaya (Indus Kohistani),
Pashai (Nuristan, Kunar, Laghman, Kapisa Nangarhar in Afghanistan), Palula, Shina, Tirahi, Torwali and Wotapuri
and a variety of minor languages.

The Darada people of the region are the least explored. Mainstream Pakistanis do not know about the unique
identity, culture and languages of these people. No mainstream research by Pakistani scholars is available on them.
The only exception was the late Dr. Ahmad Ahsan Dani who did some archaeological research in the Karakorum
Range.

The term ‘Dardic’ was first used by Dr. Gottlieb Welhem Lietner in his book “Dardistan” published in 1889. He
called the land from Kashmir to Afghanistan including northern Pakistan ‘Dardistan’ while the people as “Dards”—
a persianized word meaning ‘pain’ for what is termed as Dadikai by Herodotus in fifth century BC. It was ‘Darada’
of Painni which has been translated as ‘People of the cliffs as almost all the Dardic people were, and are, confined
to mountainous valleys.

Wakhi
Inhabitants of Wakhan. An ethnic group consisting of speakers of the Wakhi language. Also known as Pamiri or
Mountain Tajiks.The religion of the Wakhi Tajiks is Nizari Ismaili Shia Muslim, being followers of Prince Karim Aga
Khan. The literacy rate among Wakhi Tajiks in the northern areas of Pakistan is about 60%

. In Pakistan, the central organization of Wakhi Tajiks is the Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association Pakistan (WTCA), an
organization that is working with the Pakistani Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Lok Virsa Pakistan.
The WTCA aims to preserve the Wakhi Tajiki language and culture and to record its poetry and music. The WTCA
has arranged more than twenty programmes since 1984, including cultural shows, musical nights, large-scale
musical festivals with the collaboration of Lok Virsa Pakistan, Aga Khan Cultural Service Pakistan (AKCSP), and
Pakistan Television.
In 2000, the WTCA won a "Best Programme" organizer award in the Silk Road Festival from the President of
Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf.

Located in the Upper Hunza region, Gojal is geographically the largest Tehsil of the Northern Areas of Pakistan and
borders the Xinjiang-Uighur region of China. The Karakorum Highway (KKH) crosses Gojal to go through the
Khunjerab Pass linking Pakistan to China and other Central Asian countries.The population is about 20,000 and the
majority speaks Wakhi language; while Burushaski and Domaski languages are also spoken in some
villages. Shimshal, Chiporsun, Sust, Passu, Hussaini, Ghulkin, Morkhon, Shishkat etc are some of the main valleys of
Gojal. Gulmit is the main town and seat of government while Sust is the border check-post and gateway for
Pakistan-China overland trade. The people belong to the Ismaili sect of Shia Islam.

Burusho
The Burusho are a mountain people inhabiting a small number of rocky terraces in the independent Pakistani
states of Hunza and Nagir. The region is mountainous and is characterized by deep valleys carved by the Hunza
River. In 1959 the population of Hunza totaled some 25,000 persons. This figure represents a significant increase
from the figures of 1894 (6,000) and 1934 (15,000).

Religious Beliefs and Practices. The Burusho have been Muslim for more than 300 years. They are adherents of
the Ismaili sect (headed by the Aga Khan) and have made such modifications in religious belief and practice as to
render this system of Islamic belief practicable within their social and environmental setting. No systematized
eschatological system exists among the Burusho. It is generally believed that at some point in the future the living
and the dead will be reunited. Bitaiyo (male and female prognosticators) foretell the future by inhaling the smoke
of burning juniper twigs. No professional priesthood exists among the Burusho. The mir appoints several literate
men as khalifas to officiate at burials, weddings, and naming ceremonies. These individuals do not perform these
duties on a full-time basis. Religious ceremony plays little part in the daily life of the Burusho. Ritual prayer and
fasting are practiced by some. While little is known of pre-Islamic religious practices, it is believed that at one time
sacrifice was offered to the boyo (divinities thought to occupy a place above the fort at Hini). The communal
wedding Ceremony held on 21 December is also an important part of the Burusho ritual cycle.

Arts. Embroidery and wood carving may be noted as examples of Burusho visual art. Dancing and music (both
being important components of Burusho ceremonial life) are attested. The same can be said of dramatic art,
performances being sponsored on certain special occasions. Burusho oral literature contains folklore (indigenous
and borrowed), anecdotes, and songs.

Medicine. A variety of natural substances (roots, herbs, and bernes) is used for medicinal purposes. Access to
scientific medicine is also available. The belief is still held by some Burusho that supernaturals play a major role in
the cause of human illness. Indigenous medical practitioners are lacking.

Conclusion
Pakistani Culture is very unique in terms of its social and ethical values. These values are something which are
given due importance. This culture revolves around the religion of Islam which teaches equality among every
human being that exists on this planet. Pakistan's culture is very diverse. It has been invaded by many different
people belonging to different races. These people include the white Huns, Persian Arabs, Turks, Mongols, and
various Eurasian groups. These groups differ in their way of dressing, food, religion. Pakistani culture consists of
different cultures starting from the Punjabis and sindhis to the tribal cultures of the easternmost Pakistani
provinces. Now these cultures have strongly been influenced by surrounding cultures of India, Central Asia and the
Middle East along with other places.

Pakistani society is largely multilingual and multicultural. There are some similarities than differences that can be
found as most Pakistanis belong to Aryan heritage. Like sindhis and Punjabis obviously have a language difference.
Traditional family values are known everywhere in this multicultural environment. The rural areas of Pakistan are
still dominated by their own tribal customs dating back hundreds of years.

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