Objectives o exciting recent developments in the computer field o Computer hardware, software and networking basics o the data hierarchy o the different types of programming languages Introduction o Software o Hardware o Standardized version of of C++ • International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Introduction Computers and the Internet in Industry and Research Most influential and successful business for last 2 decades are the ff: - Apple - Cisco - Groupon - IBM - Microsoft - Foursquare - Hewlett Packard - Google - Yahoo! - Dell - Amazon -eBay - Intel - Facebook - Motorola - Twitter A Few Uses of Computers • Electronic Health Records • Human Genome Project • AMBERTM ALERT A Few Uses of Computers • World Community Grid • Cloud Computing • Medical Imaging A Few Uses of Computers • GPS • Robots • Email, Instant Messaging, Video Chat & FTP A Few Uses of Computers • Game Programming • Internet TV • Streaming Music Services Computers: Hardware and Software o Supercomputers are already performing thousands of trillions (quadrillions) of instructions per second! • IBM’s Sequoia – 16 quadrillion calculations per second (16.32 petaflops; 1 second, about 1.5 million Calculations for every person on a planet • Computers • It can processed data under the control of sequence of instructions (computer programs) • known as software Computers: Hardware and Software o These programs guide the computer through ordered actions specified by people called computer programmers o The programs that run on a computer are referred to as software. o A computer consists of various devices referred to as hardware o (e.g., the keyboard, screen, mouse, hard disks, memory, DVD drives and processing units). Computers: Hardware and Software o Computers that might have filled large rooms and cost millions of dollars decades ago are now inscribed on silicon chips smaller than a fingernail, costing perhaps a few dollars each. o Silicon-chip technology has made computing so economical that computers have become commodity. Computer Organization o Input Unit Computer Organization o Output Unit Computer Organization o Memory Unit Computer Organization o Arithmetic and Logic Unit Computer Organization o Central Processing Unit (CPU) Computer Organization o Secondary Storage Unit Data Hierarchy o Data items processed by computers form a data hierarchy that becomes larger and more complex in structure as we progress from bits to characters to fields, and so on. Data Hierarchy Database o is an electronic collection of data that’s organized for easy access and manipulation o In relational database, data store in simple table o Table consist of records and fields